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DRAGON GENETICS
One of the first steps used to study how traits are inherited is to design a key. Using the
letters of the alphabet, simply select a letter to symbolize the trait you are investigating. For
example, you might want to use the letter n to symbolize the length of the dragons neck.
Remember that each trait is expressed independently, unless it happens to be connected or linked
to another trait, such as in the case of a sex-linked gene. The sample key below shows some
typical genetic traits or characteristics of dragons.
C = FOUR CLAWS
c = three claws
F = FIRE BREATHING
f = not fire breathing
N = LONG NECK
n = short neck
T = TAIL SPIKES
t = no tail spikes
E = YELLOW EYES
e = red eyes
H = HORNS
h = no horns
S = SCALES
s = no scales (smooth skin)
W = LARGE WINGS
w = small wings
* Codominant Traits *
L = FOUR LEGS
l = no legs
* Sex-linked Genes *
X = X chromosome / no ear frills
(XX = female)
INSTRUCTIONS: Refer to the Dragon Genetics Key provided, and answer the following
questions regarding dominant and recessive alleles.
1. What letters are used to represent wing color? _____________________________________
2. What letters are used to represent neck length? _____________________________________
3. The letter Y is used as a symbol to represent _____________________________________
4. The letter e is used to represent ________________________________________________
An upper case, or capital, letter is used to represent a dominant trait. A lower case, or
small, letter is used to represent a recessive trait. Dominant traits completely mask and/or
suppress recessive traits.
5. List nine dominant traits shown in the key.
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
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________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
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INSTRUCTIONS: Using the Dragon Genetics Key as a reference, fill in the missing
symbols for alleles (genotypes) or descriptions of physical appearance (phenotypes) in the table
below. The first two rows are done for you. Remember, dominant traits appear when either one
or two copies of the dominant allele are present. For example, NN and Nn both cause the
dragons neck to be long. Only in the case of nn would the dragons neck be short because no
dominant allele for a long neck is present.
Trait (Characteristic)
Appearance
Neck size
NN or Nn
Long neck
Neck size
nn
Short neck
Number of claws
cc
Spikes on tail?
No spikes
Eye color
EE
hh
Fire breathing?
Wing size
______ or ______
WW or Ww
Ear frills?
Body covering
Breathes fire
Scales
A trait that is codominant is one that is able to mix together, so that both traits are
expressed in the phenotype. This creates a third, or sometimes more, alternatives of the
characteristic; rather than only two forms of gene expression.
7. What phenotype would a dragon exhibit if it inherited an Ll genotype? ________________
______________________________________________________________________________
8. What color dragon would result from the codominant traits BG ? _____________________
9. How about RB ? _____________________
10. RG ? _____________________