Drug Index Updated2

MetD R U G I N D E X
Generic/ Brand Name

Generic/ Brand Name
Risperdal (Quicklet
tab)
Dosage
Dosage
2 mg/tab
Mode of Action
Mode of Action
Atypical antipsychotic
Indications
Indications
Acute and chronic
psychoses including 1st
episode psychoses and
other psychotic
conditions in which
positive and/or negative
symptoms are
prominent.
Indicated inpatients
requiring diuresis and
concomitant K+
supplementation.
Indications including
cardiac edema, hepatic
edema, renal edema,
pulmonary edema,
hepatic edema and
peripheral edema of
various etiology
Contraindications
Contraindications
Adverse Effects
Adverse Effects
hypersensitivity
Insomnia, agitation, anxiety,

headache, somnolence, fatigue,
dizziness, impaired conc,
constipation, dyspepsia,
nausea, vomiting, abdominal
pain.
Hyperkalemia, precomatose states

associated with
hepatic cirrhosis. It
should be used with
care in patients with
prostatc hyperplasia or
impairment of
micturition since it can
precipitate acute
urinary retention.
Hypersensitivity,
pregnancy and
lactation. Severe
hepatic and renal
impairment, biliary
cirrhosis, cholestasis,
anuria
Diumide
K/tab(Furosemide 40
mg, Potassium
chloride 600 mg)
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
Amlodipine
+HCTZ(Valsartan)
Calcium channel blocker and

thiazide diuretics
Hypertension
DPP4 inhibitors
As monotherapy in adult
patients w/ type 2 DM to
improve glycemic control
in conjunction w/ diet
and exercise, or as addon to metformin,
sulfonylureas,
thiazolidinediones,
insulin
Type 1 DM. Treatment

of diabetic
ketoacidosis
Nasopharyngitis,
hypersensitivity, cough,
pancreatitis
Drug induced movement

disorder
Untreated narrowangle glaucoma,

intestinal stenosis, or
obstruction,
megacolon, prostatic
hypertrophy, life
threatening
tachycardia.
Fatigue, dizziness, drowsiness,

dry mouth, swelling of salivary
glands, accommodation
difficulties, mydriasis and
photophobia, gastric symptoms,
nausea
Linagliptin
Biperiden
5 mg OD
2 mg/tab
Antiparkinsonian drug
In rare instance of allergic

reaction, treatment should be
discontinued. Hyperuricemia.
Bome marrow depression.
Headache, dizziness,
nasopharingitis, fatigue, upper
RTI, cough, diarrhea, arthralgia,
back pain
Amlodipine +
Telmisartan (Twynsta)
Madopar
Rosuvastatin
(Crestor)
Acetylsalicylic acid
(Aspirin)
5/80 mg tab
250 mg/tab
5 mg/tab
325 mg/tab or 80 mg/tab
Hypersensitivity to
dihydropyridine
derivatives. Biliary
obstructive disorders,
Severe hepatic
impairment,
Cardiogenic shock,
rare hereditary
condition of fructose
intolerance.
Severely
decompensated
endocrine, renal,
hepatic and cardiac
disorders. Psychoses
and severe
psychoneuroses.
Patients less than 25
years old. Pregnancy
and lactation.
Combination with
MAOIs.
Cystitis, depression, anxiety,

insomnia, syncope,
somnolence, dizziness,
migraine, headache, peripheral
neuropathy, paresthesia,
hypoesthesia, dysgeussia,
tremor, vertigo, bradycardia,
palpitations, vomiting, nausea
Antihypertensive
Treatment of essential
hypertension
Neurodegenerative disease
drugs
Parkinsons disease and

symptoms except druginduced parkinsonian
syndrome
Dyslipidemic agents
Prevention of CV events
eg CV death, stroke, MI,
unstable angina or
arterial revascularization;
primary
hypercholesterolemia,
mixed dyslipidemia, slow
or delay progression of
atherosclerosis
Active liver disease.

Women of
childbearing potentioal
not using appropriate
contraceptive
measures. Pregnancy
and lactation
Headache, myalgia, asthenia,

constipation, dizziness, nausea,
abdominal pain
Prophylaxis of
thromboembolic
disorder; preventions of
MI & stroke
Use with caution in

patients prone to
dyspepsia or known to
have a lesion of the
gastric mucosa. Do
not administer to
patients with
hemophilia and is not
recommended to
infants <1 year.
Caution is necessary
when renal or hepatic
function is impaired
and particularly in
children who are
dehydrated
Gastric hemorrhage,
hypersensitivity and
thrombocytopenia may occur
Antithrombotic,
analgesic/antipyretic
Inhibits prostaglandin
synthesis, resulting in
analgesia, anti-inflammatory
activity and platelet
aggregation inhibition; reduces
fever by aacting on the brains
heat-regulating canter to
promote vasodilation and
sweating.
Anorexia, GI upsets, cardiac

arrhythmia and orthostatic
hypotension. Abnormal
involuntary movements, Mild
transient leucopenia and
throcytopenia.
Ketoanalogues and nitrogen

free essential amino acid
Ketosteril
Aeknin
Paracetamol
Allopurinol
(Allomaron, Allurase,
Alpurase, Elavil,
Llanol, Lopric,
Lopurine, Loricid,
Purinase)
Amino acids
(Dipeptiven)
Amoclav
Clavulanic acid Amoxicillin
150mg/ml
2~3ml every 4 hours for adult
1~2ml every 4 hours for child
300mg / tab Adult 2-10 mg/kg

BW/day.
Mild 100-200 mg daily.
Moderately severe 300-600 mg
daily
1.5-2ml/kg BW/day, max 3 wk
1 g tab once a day
Inhibit the synthesis of

prostaglandins in the CNS &
peripherally blocks pain
impulse generation; produces
antipyresis from inhibition of
hypothalamic heart-regulating
center
Absorption of most oral

penicillins is impaired by food
(except amoxicillin), and
should be administered 1-2
hours before a meal.
Intravenous route is preferred
bePcause of irritation and local
pian produced by the
intramuscular injection of large
doses. Penicillin is rapidly
excreted by the kidney into the
urine, small amounts excreted
via other routes
As a supplement to amino acid
solutions or an amino acidcontaining infusion regimen in
parenteral nutrition for
hypercatabolic or
hypermetabolic patients
Inhibit cell wall synthesis. Beta

lactamase inhibitor and protect
hydrolysable penicillins from
inactivation.
Chronic renal
insufficiency together
with a low protein, high
caloric diet in
compensated and
decompensated
retention.
Pyrexia of unknown
origin. Fever & pain
associated with common
childhood disorders,
tonsillitis, upper resp
tract infections postimmunization reactions,
after tonsillectomy &
other conditions.
Prevention of febrile
convulsion. Headache,
cold, sinusitis, muscle
pain, arthritis &
toothacke
hypercalcemia
none
Anemia, cardiac &

pulmonary disease.
Hepatic or severe
renal disease
Hematological, skin & other

allergic reactions
Pregnancy & lactation.

Hepatic or renal
impairment (reduce
dose). Initiate therapy
after acute gout attack
has subsided
Rash or hypersensitivity
reactions (discontinue). Acute
attack of gouty arthritis in early
stages of therapy. GI
disturbance. Blood & lymphatic
system disorders. Fever,
general malaise, headache,
vertigo, ataxia.
Monitor hepatic
function in patients
with compensated
hepatic insufficiency.
Pregnancy and
lactation , children
Contraindicated in
patients with penicillin
hypersensitivity.
Superinfections
involving
pseudomonas or
candida. Pregnancy
and lactation
Diarrhea, nausea, skin rashes,

urticaria, vaginitis, abdominal
discomfort, flatulence, headache
Amoxicillin
Asparaginase
(Elspar, Oncaspar,
Erwinase)
Atorvastatin Ca
Lipitor
Bacillus clausal
(Erceflora)
Bromazepam
Lexotan
Cefazolin
500 mg/ cap P.O

inactivation.
Respiratory tract, skin &

soft tissue infections
Adults and children: 200 IU/KG

intravenously daily for 28 days
Contraindicated in
hypersensitivity.
Superinfections
involving
pseudomonas or
candida. Pregnancy
and lactation.
Hypersenstivity.
Pregnancy: Use only if
potential benefit
justifies risk to the
fetus
Breast Feeding:
Discontinue nursing or
the drug
Effects: diarrhea, nausea,

skin rashes, urticaria, vaginitis,
abdominal discomfort,
flatulence, headache
Nausea, vomiting, headache,

fever, abdominal pain,
hyperglycaemia leading to
coma, hypersensitivity, renal
damge, coagulation defects,
thrombosis, CNS depression or
hyperexcitability, acute
hemorrhagic pancreatitis
Inhibitor of HMG-CoA
reductase, the rate limiting
enzyme in cholesterol
synthesis, result in
compensatory increase in
expression of LDL receptors
on hepatocyte membranes &
stimulation of LDL catabolism
Reduction of elevated
total & LDL cholesterol
apolipoprotein B &
triglycerides & increase
HDL cholesterol in
patients with primary
hypercholesterolemia.
Active liver disease,

pregnancy and
lactation.
Nausea & vomiting, diarrhea

abdominal pain, constipation,
dyspepsia, flatulence,
headache, myalgia, insomnia,
muscle cramps, peripheral
edema
2billion/5ml
Adult : 2~3 vials/day, children :
1~2vials/day
Antidiarrheal
Treatment of acute
diarrhea with duration of
14 days due to
infections, drugs or
poisons or for chronic or
persistent diarrhea with
duration of 14 days
N/A
N/A
1.5 mg/tab TID
Binds to stereo specific

benzodiazepine receptors on
the post synaptic GABA
neuron at the several sites
within the CNS. Enhancement
of the inhibitory effect of GABA
on neuronal excitability results
by increased neuronal
membrane permeability to
chloride ions.
Anxiety & tension state,

depressive mood,
nervous tension,
agitation, insomnia,
functional state of CV &
respiratory system.
Adjuvant to
psychotherapy in
psychoneurosis
Early pregnancy,
lactation, myasthenia
gravis
Acute anxiety, hallucinations,

excitation.
0.5~1gram every 5~12 hours

Max 6g/day
Bind to PBPs on bacterial cell

membranes to inhibit bacterial
cell wall synthesis by
mechanisms similar to those
of the penicillins
Bone & joint infection,

bronchitis, gonorrhea,
meningitis, otitis media,
peritonitis, pharyngitis,
sinusitis, skin infection,
surgical infection, UTI
Hypersensitivity to
cephalosporin
Shock, hypersensitivity reaction,

granulocytopenia, eosinophilia,
thrombocytopenia, GI
disturbance, convulsion, HA,
dizziness, malaise
10 mg/tab
1g IV every 8 hours
Active against g+ cocci

(pneumococci, streptococci
and staphylococci) and gorganisms. Active against B
fragilis and some Serratia
species but less active against
H influenzae. Exhibit in vitro
activity against enterobacter
species, but should not be
used to treat infections caused
by these organisms because
resistant mutants constitutively
express a chromosomal betalactamase that hydrolyzes
these compounds are readily
selected.
1~2 g once a daily
2nd generation
cephalosporin
Patients with transient

persistent reduction of
urinary output due to
renal insufficiency.
Precaution when used
for neonates
Hypotension, phlebitis,
thrombophlebitis,
pseudomembranous colitis,
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
acute renal failure, transient
neutropenia, dyspnea,
maculopapular and
erythematous rash, urticaria,
hypersensitivity reactions,
serum sickness, anaphylaxis,
fever

of the penicillins
Lower respiratory tract.

Acute bacterial otitis
media, skin & skin
structure, urinary tract,
meningitis & surgical
prophylaxis
Hypersensitivity to
cephalosporin
Hypersensitivity reaction,
urticaria, eosinophilia, serum
sickness-like fever, anaphylaxis,
neutropenia, thrombocytopenia,
ATN, acute intestinal nephritis

of the penicillins

hypersensitive to the
drug or other
nitroimidazole
derivatives and in
patients in 1st
trimester of pregnancy
GI disturbances, occasionally
pseudomembranous colitis;
hypersensitivity reactions.
Eosinophilia. Headache.
Superinfection or eythema
multiforme, Stevens-Johnson
syndrome, toxic epidermal
necrolysis
Ciprofloxacin HCl
Prozine
500mg / tab
Cystic fibrosis
20mg/kg, max 750mg BID
Gonorrhea
500mg OD
Inhibits DNA-gyrase in
susceptible organism; inhibit
relaxation of supercoiled DNA
and promotes breakage of
double-stranded DNA
Gram negative infection.

Treatment of wide range
of infections including
anthrax, biliary tract
infection, bone & joint
infections, brucellosis,
infected bites & stings,
cat scratch disease,
chancroid, exacerbations
of cystic fibrosis,
gastroenteritis,
gonorrhea, legionnaires
disease, otitis media &
externa, peritonitis, Q
fever, lower respiratory
tract infection
Pregnancy & lactation,

methicillin-resistant
S.aureus infections
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,

abdominal pain, dyspepsia.
restlessness, tremor,
drowsiness, rarely insomnia,
visual & other sensory
disturbances. Rash, pruritus,
elevated liver enzyme values,
jaundice, hepatitis. Eosinophilia,
leucopenia, thrombocytopenia,
hemolytic anemia or
agranulocytosis. Transient
increase in serum creatinine or
BUN
Clonidine
(Catapres)
Oral: 0.1,0.2,0.3 mg tablets

Patche: release 0.1,0.2,0.3
mg/24 hrs
Partial alpha-2 antagonist.

Decrease preganglionic
sympathetic outflow from brain
resulting in decrease in blood
pressure
Decrease dose with

renal insufficiency
Orthostatic hypotension, rash,

drowsiness, dry mouth,
constipation, headache,
impaired ejaculation
Cefoxitin sodium
(Monowel)
Ceftriaxone
Cefuroxime
(Zinnat)
500mg every 12 hours

IV, oral
Co-amoxiclav
(Augmentin)
Diclofenac K
(Cataflam)
Diltiazem HCl
Dilzem
Diphenhydramine
(Benadryl)
625mg / cap
BID or TID
Clavunate blocks the beta

lactamae enzymes, thus,
rendering the organisms
sensitive to the amoxicillins
rapid bactericidal effect at
concentrations readily
attainable in the body.
Clavunalate by itself has little
bactericidal activity; however,
in association with amoxicillin,
it produces an antibiotic agent
of broad spectrum
Side effects are uncommon and

mainly of a mild and transitory
nature
Short term treatment of

post-traumatic & post op
pain & inflammation,
dysmenorrheal,
migraine, adnexitis
Known
hypersensitivity to
diclofenac or other
NSAIDs, gastric or
intestinal ulcer
Occasionally, GI disorder, HA,

dizziness, vertigo, rash,
elevation of serum transaminase
50~150mg /day
Nonsteroidal
Anti0inflammatory Drugs
90 mg/ tab OD
Calcium antagonist
Inhibits movement of calcium
ions across cell membrane in
systemic and coronary
vascular smooth muscle;
slows calcium ion movement
across cell membranes in both
cardiac muscle and cardiac
pacemaker cells, decreasing
sinoatrial and atrioventricular
conduction
Management of Angina
pectoris & hypertension
Sick sinus syndrome,

2nd or 3rd degree AV
block, hypotension,
pregnancy acute MI
Peripheral edema, hypotension

bradycardia, angina, AV block,
abnormal ECG, arrhythmias;
CNS: dizziness,
lightheadedness, headache,
weakness, shakiness,
somnolence, asthenia; DERM:
dermatitis, photosensitivity,
petechiae, rash; GI: nausea,
vomiting, constipation,
abdominal discomfort, cramps,
dyspepsia, dry mouth.
50mg/mL for injection
H1 receptor antagonist /
Antihistamine
Competes with histamine for
H1-receptor sites on effector
cells in the gastrointestinal
tract, blood vessels, and
respiratory tract
Allergic reaction; motion

sickness
Symptomatic relief of
condition like urticaria,
angioedema, rhinitis,
conjunctivitis, inpruritic
skin disorder
GIT ulceration or
inflammation
GI disturbances, bleeding,
drowsiness, dizziness
Domperidone
(Motilium)
Doxorubicin
(Adriblastina, Adrim,
Axibin, Caelyx,
Dactorubin, Rubidox)
Enoxaparin sodium
Dyspeptic symptom
complex associated with
delayed gastric
emptying, GERD,
esophagitis eg epigastric
sense of fullness, early
satiety, feeling of
abdominal distention,
upper abdominal pain;
bloating, erucation,
flatulence; heartburn w/
or w/o regurgitations of
gastric contents in the
mouth. Nausea &
vomiting of functional,
organic, infectious or
dietetic origin or induced
by radio or drug therapy
10mg, 1mg/ml
1tab TID
Peripheral dopamine receptor

blocking properties. It increase
esophageal peristalsis and
increase lower esophageal
sphincter pressure, increase
gastric motility and peristalsis
and enhances gastroduodenal
coordination, therefore,
facilitating gastric emptying
and decrease small bowel
transit time
IV 60-75 mg/m2 as single dose

at 21 day interval
Doxorubicin prevents DNA

replication. The exact
mechanism is still being
studied, but it may be a
"topoisomerase inhibitor".
Topoisomerases are enzymes
that temporarily cut one strand
of DNA during replication to
help unwind the double helix..
Doxorubicin prevents the
topoisomerase from
reattaching the cut ends
Close observation is
required esp during
initial treatment.
Monitor cardiac
function.
Myelosuppression &
immunosuppression.
Hepatic impairment,
obesity &
extravasation
Cardiotoxicity. GI &
dermatologic disturbances.
Myelosuppression & leucopenia.
Dehydration & facial flushing
Causes higher anti-factor Xa

to antithrombin activities (antifactor IIa) ration than heparin,
which may prevent thrombosis
Use with caution in

patients prone to
gastric mucosa. Do
not administer to
patients with
recommended to
infants <1 year.
and particularly in
children who are
dehydrated
Derma: local eythema, Hema:

hemorrhage, thrombocytopenia,
anemia, Other: local irritation
and pain; hematoma; nausea,
confusion, fever, edema,
peripheral edema
GI hemorrhage,
mechanical
obstruction or
perforation; in patients
w/ prolactin-releasing
pituitary tumor
(prolactinoma). Known
intolerance to the
drug.
Rarely, increased prolactin

levels. GI disorders.
Very rarely, transient intestinal
cramps. Galactorrhea.
Gynecomastia. Amenorrhea.
Erceflora
Bacillus clausal
Etoricoxib
(Arcoxia)
Flenax forte
Furosemide
(Fremid, Fretic,
Frusema, Furoscan,
Fusimex, Lasix)
Gentamycin
2billion/5ml
1~2vials/day
90 mg/tab OD
550mg / tab BID
Initially 20-40 mg IV/IM. If

diuretic effect is not satisfactory,
dose may be increased
stepwise, at 2-hrly interval by 20
mg each time until satisfactory
diuresis is obtained, the dose
should then be given once-bid
1~1.7mg/kg every 8 hours
Antidiarrheal
Treatment of acute
14 days due to
duration of 14 days
For relief of acute or chronic

pain
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory
Drugs ( NSAIDs)
Relief of mild to
moderately sever pain &
fever w/ or w/o
inflammation eg
musculoskeletal trauma,
post-op pain & post
dental extraction
Frusemide primarily inhibits

sodium and chloride
absorption in the thick
ascending limb of the loop of
Henle
Aminoglycoside
Bone & joint infection.

CNS. Burnn & wound
infection. UTI. Acute &
chronic suppurative otitis
media, pneumonia,
septicemia * sinusitis
N/A
N/A
Advanced renal
disease; preexisting
edema, hypertension
or heart failure; liver
dysfunction; previous
acute asthmatic
attacks, urticaria or
rhinitis precipitated by
salicylates or
nonselective COX
inhibitors
Asthenia/fatigue, dizziness,
lower extremity edema,
hypertension, dyspepsia,
heartburn, nausea, increased
ALT & AST
Aspirin or other
NSAIDs induced
asthma, rhinitis or
urticaria. Children
under 2 y/o
Abdominal discomfort, epigastric

distress, GI reaction, peptic
ulceration, HA, nausea,
peripheral edema
Hypotension, latent or
manifest diabetes
mellitus, gout,
obstruction of urinary
passages; hepatic
cirrhosis w/
concomitant renal
insufficiency;
hypoproteinaemia;
premature infant.
Pregnancy, lactation
Symptomatic hypotension,
dehydration,
hemoconcentration;
hypokalemia, hyponatremia,
metabolic acidosis; increase of
blood lipid levels, urea, uric acid;
reduced glucose tolerance;
hearing disorders, tinnitus;
pancreatitis, GI symptoms;
fever, vasculitis, interstitial
nephritis; hemolytic or aplastic
anemia, leukocytopenia,
agranulocytosis,
thrombocytopenia
Hypersensitivity to
amynoglycosides
Nephritic (renal) effects,

dizziness, tinnitus, vertigo,
numbness, skin tingling, muscle
twitching, respiratory
depression, lethargy, confusion.
Hydrocortisone
sodium succinate
(Solu-cortef)
Hydroxyurea
(Hydab, Krabinex,
Litalir)
Hyoscine-Nbutylbromide
(Buscopan)
100mg IV every 8 hours
Myeloproliferative disorders 2030 mg/kg daily. Acute leukemia

50-75 mg/kg
10mg/tab, 20mg/amp
1~2 tab / amp IV several times
Corticosteroids may
mask some signs of
infection, and new
infections may appear
during their use. There
may be decreased
resistance and inability
to localize infection
when corticosteroids
are used. Prolonged
use of corticosteroids
may produce posterior
subcapsular cataracts,
glaucoma with
possible damage to
the optic nerves, and
may enhance the
establishment of
secondary ocular
infections
Corticosteroids should
be used cautiously in
patients with ocular
herpes simplex for
fear of corneal
perforation.
Corticosteroids enter the cell

and bind to cytosolic receptors
that transport the steoid into
the nucleus. The steroidreceptor complex alters gene
expression by binding to
glucocorticoid response
elements (GREs) or
mineralocorticoid-specific
elements. Tissue-specific
responses to steroids are
made possible by the
presence in each tissue of
different protein regulators that
control the interaction between
the hormone-receptor complex
and particular response
elements
Cuases cell death by specific

inhibition of DNA synthesis.
This action cuases
regressions in chronic myeloid
leukemia and other
malignancies and psoriasis.
The S-phase-specifec action
of hydroxyrea can deplete
bone marrow precurso cells
associated with megaloblastic
changes
Reversible .blockade of the

actions of cholinomimetics at
muscarinic receptors
Acute GI, biliary &

genitourinary spasm,
including biliary & renal
colic. Parenterally also
as an aid in diagnostic &
therapeutic procedures
eg gastroduodenal
endoscopy, radiology
Sodium retention, fluid retention,

congestive heart failure in
susceptible patients, potassium
loss, hypokalemic alkalosis,
hypertension, increased calcium
excretion, steroid myopathy.
Increase in alanine
transaminase (ALT, SGPT),
aspartate transaminase (AST,
SGOT) and alkaline
phosphatase, these changes
are usually small, not associated
with any clinical syndrome and
are reversible upon
discontinuation
Monitor hematological
parameters during
treatment. Chickenpox
or herpes infection,
active infection or
dental disease,
marked renal
dysfunction, gout or
nephrolithiasis,
patients who have
received radiation or
cytotoxic therapy
causing
myelosuppression
Anemia, neutropenia,
leukopenia, thrombocytopenia;
burning, redness or pain at site
of radiation therapy; erythema,
maculopapular rash, sore mouth
or lips, skin rash; fever or chills,
cough or sore throat;
constipation or diarrhea;
stomatitis; difficulty in
micturition, nausea, vomiting,
low back pain, fatigue,
hyperuricemia
Avoid driving and

operating machinery
after parenteral
administration
Xerostomia, tachycardia, urinary

retention, allergic reactions, skin
reactions
Isosorbide-5mononitrate
(Imdur)
Isoxsuprine HCl
(Isoxilan)
Ketoprofen
(Orudis)
Ketorolac trometamol
(Toradol)
100-300 mg IV daily for a max of

48 hrs
30 mg IV TID
fever by acting on the brains
sweating
Patients prone to
gastric mucosa. Do
not administer to
patients with
recommended to
infants <1 year.
and particularly in
children who are
dehydrated.
Isoxsuprine, a -adrenoceptor
agonist, is an orally and
perenterally active peripheral
vasodilator. It has a strong
relaxing action on arteries and
to a certain extent, also on
cutaneous blood vessels. In
addition to this, it had a direct
relaxant effect on the smooth
muscle tissue of the uteru
Recent arterial
hemorrhage, heart
disease, severe
anemia. Parenterally,
hypotension,
tachycardia,
premature rupture of
membranes or
immediately post
partum
Analgesic
Renal impairment
Analgesic, can also replace

morphine in situations
involving mild to moderate pot
op pain
Special Precautions:
in patients with
impaired renal
function. History of
GIT disease,
anaphylactoid
reactions, elderly,
coagulation disorders.
Avoid driving and
operating machinery
Gastric hemorrhage,
After oral administration, side

effects are rare; palpitations,
chest pains, mild flushing,
dizziness, nausea, vomiting and
rash have been reported.
Parenteral administration can
result in tachycardia,
palpitations, hypotension,
dizziness and flushing which
can be controlled by dose
reduction and by supine position
of the patient and reversed if
necessary by parenteral
administration of noradrenaline.
GI disorders, headache,
drowsiness, dizziness, edema,
bullous dermatoses
GI reactions, nausea,
dyspepsia, drowsiness,
headache, sweating edema,
bradycardia, palpitation,
hypotension, chest pain
3.3g/5ml
Starting
Adult : 15~45ml
Child :5~15ml
Maintenance
Adult : 10~25ml
Child :5~20ml
Laxative; the fecal bulk is

increased and softened and
peristalsis is stimulated, by
which normal bowel action is
restored. Lactulose does not
irritate gut mucosa
Constipation associated
with ped problems, postop; pregnancy &
postnatal period;
bedridden & geriatric
patients; surgical
procedures; painful
rectal & anal conditions;
laxative dependence;
barium x-ray
investigation; druginduced constipation
Loperamide
(Diatabs, Imodium)
2mg/cap,
2cap followed by 1cap after
unformed stool
Directly acts on intestinal

muscles to inhibit peristalsis
and prolongs transit time
enhancing fluid & electrolyte
movement through intestinal
mucosa; reduces fecal
volume, increase viscosity &
diminishes fluid and electrolyte
loss; demonstrates
antisecretory activity; exhibits
peripheral action
Anti-diarrheal
Symptomatic control of
acute & chronic diarrhea,
ileostomy
Constipation, acute
ulcerative,
pseudomembranous
colitis, acute dysentery
Constipation, nausea, vomiting,

tiredness, drowsiness or
dizziness, dry mouth
Maalox
Al(OH)3 200mg,
Mg(OH)2 200mg
Chewtab 2~4
Susp 2~4tsp
QID
Antacids, antireflux &

antiulcerants agents
hyperacidity
Severe debilitation,
kidney failure
Rarely, GI disturbance
Pain, headache,
muscular and traumatic
pain, dental pain, postop & post partum pain,
dysmenorrhea
GIT ulceration or
inflammation
Completion of 3rd stage

labor. Uterine
atony/hemorrhage
Abnormal
presentation, before
delivery of child is
completed & in
multiple birth not
before the last child
has bee delivered.
Headache, HTN, skin eruptions,

abdominal pain
Lactulose
(Duphalac)
Mefenamic acid
Methylergometrine
hydrogen maleate
(Methergin)
500 mg/cap P.O
125~250mg orally TID
synthesis by decreasing the
activity of the enzyme,
cyclooxygenase, which results
in decrease formation of the
protaglandin precursor
Similar smooth muscle actions
as seen with ergotamine;
however, affects primarily
uterine smooth muscle
producing sustained
contractions and thereby
shorten the third stage of labor
Galactosemia, bowel
obstruction,
hypersensitivity
Special concerns in
lactose intolerance
Initial dosing may produce

flatulence and meteorism, which
are usually transient and
disappear under continued
therapy
Diarrhea
Methylergonovine
(Syntocinon)
Produces rhythmic uterine

contractions and can stimulate
the gravid uterus; has
vasopressive and antidiuretic
effects; can control postpartum
bleeding or hemorrhage by
increasing postpartum
myometrial tonus
Methotrexate
(Biomedis
Methotrexate soln,
Emthexate vial,
Methobax vial, Pfizer
Methotrexate vial)
Inhibits dihydrofolic acid

reductase and therefore
interferes with DNA synthesis
and cell replication. Actively
multiplying cells such as
malignant cells, bone marrow,
foetal cells, buccal and
intestinal mucosa and cells in
urinary bladder are more
sensitive. In patients with
rheumatoid arthritis,
mehtotrexate reduces joint
swelling and tenderness
Induction 3.3 mg/m2 w/

prednisolone 60 mg/m2 daily.
Maintenance therapy 30 mg/m2
IM twice
wkly or 2.5 mg/kg IV every 14
days
Documented
hypersensitivity;
pregnant patients with
severe toxemia,
unfavorable fetal
positions, and a
contracting uterus with
hypertonic or
hyperactive patterns;
labor in which vaginal
delivery should be
avoided, such as
invasive cervical
carcinoma, cord
presentation or
prolapse, active
herpes genitalis, total
placenta previa, and
vasa previa
Preexisting liver
damage or impaired
hepatic function.
Malignant disease w/
preexisting bone
marrow aplasia,
leucopenia,
thrombocytopenia or
anaemia. Infection,
peptic ulcer, ulcerative
colitis, debility &
extreme youth & old
age. Monitor renal
function & serum
levels when giving
high dose; give Ca
folinate, hydration &
urine alkalinisation
xerostomia, tachycardia, urinary

reactions
Dermatological &
hypersensitivity reactions. Bone
marrow depression, leucopenia,
decreased serum albumin,
anemia, pancytopenia,
hypogammaglobulinemia.
Mucositis, anorexia, nausea,
vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal
distress, hematemesis, melena,
Renal failure, azotemia, cystitis,
hematuria, urogenital or
menstrual dysfunction
Metoclopramide HCl
(Reglan, Plasil)
10mg/tab, 5mg/5ml susp.

10-15mg QID, 30 minutes before
food intak IV, Tab, Syrup
Metoclopramide stimulates
motility of the upper GIT
without stimulating gastric,
biliary or pancreatic
secretions. Its mode of action
is unclear. It seems to
sensitize tissues to the action
of acetylcholine. The effect of
metoclopramide on motility is
not dependent on intact vagal
innervation, but it can be
abolished by
anticholinesterase. Blocks
dopamine and serotonin in the
CTZ of the CNS, which is
responsible for its antiemetic
action. Also increases LES
tone
Metoprolol
(Neobloc)
The -blocking activity

primarily affects the
cardiovascular system
(decreases heart rate,
decreases contractility,
decreases BP) and lungs
(promotes bronchospasm)
Metronidazole
500mg every 8 hours

IV, Oral
A direct acting trichomonacide

and amebecide that works at
both intestinal and
extraintestinal sites. Thought
to enter the cells of
microorganisms that contain
nitroreductase. Unstable
compounds are then formed
that bind to DNA and inhibit
synthesis, causing cell death
Midazolam
(Dormicum)
tablet initially then tablet

every 2 hours prior to operation
Moxifloxacin
(Avelox)
400mg / tab once a day
Inhibits DNA gyrase and

Topoisomerase IV. This
results in inhibition of DNA
replication and translation,
DNA repair, recombination
and transposition, which
causes bacterial cell death
Antiemetic, prokinetic
agent
Disturbances of GI
motility including GERD
& diabetic gastroparesis.
Nausea & vomiting of
central & peripheral
origin associated with
surgery, metabolic
disease, infectious
disease, migraine
headache or drugs
including cancer
chemotherapy. Facilitate
small bowel intubation &
radiological procedure of
GIT
Amoebiasis, giardiasis,
urethritis & vaginitis due
to trichomonas, aerobic
infection
Antibiotic / Quinolone
GI hemorrhage,
mechanical
obstruction or
perforation,
pheochromocytoma,
epileptics
In approximately 10%
restlessness, drowsiness,
fatigue and lassitude. Less
frequently, insomnia, headache,
dizziness, nausea or bowel
disturbances may occur
Lactation: excreted in
breast milk; Children:
safety and efficacy not
established;
Anaphylaxis: Deaths
have occurred;
aggressive therapy
may be required; AV
block, slows AV
conduction and may
cause heart block;
Bradycardia
CV: hypotension, edema,

flushing; bradycardia; CNS:
headache, fatigue, dizziness,
depression, lethargy,
drowsiness, forgetfulness;
sleepiness; vertigo, paresthesia;
DERM: rash, facial erythema;
alopecia, urticaria, pruritus;
EENT: dry eyes, visual
disturbances; GI: Nausea,
vomiting, diarrhea; GU:
impotence, urinary retention,
difficulty with urination
Hypersensitive to the
drug or other
nitroimidazole
derivatives and in
patients in 1st
vertigo, headache, ataxia,

dizziness,syncope, confusion,
irritability,weakness, depression
Acute narrow angle

glaucoma, premature
infants
Sedation, hypnosis, anesthesia,

anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant
Caution for use with

other QTc prolonging
drugs and
corticosteroids. May
aggravate myasthenia
gravis
Dizziness (3%) Nausea (7%)

Diarrhea (6%)
Myrin
(Ethambutol HCl,
Rifampicin, Isoniazid)
Nalbuphine
(Nubain)
300/150/75 mg tab once a day
Oral chemotherapeutic agent

which is specially effective
against actively growing
microorganisms of the genus
Mycobacterium
5 mg IM 0.15-0.2 mg/kg BW
Binds to opiate receptors in

the CNS. Alters the perception
of and response to painful
stimuli, while producing
generalized CNS depression.
Decrease in moderate and
severe pain
Ethambutol may produce

decrease in visual acuity which
appear to be due to optic
neuritis and to be related to
dose and duration of treatment.
The effects are generally
reversible when administration
of the drug is discontinued
promptly.
Isoniazid: peripheral neuropathy
is the most common toxic effect.
It is dose-related, occurs most
often in the malnourished and in
those predisposed to neuritis,
and is usually preceded by
paresthesias of the feet and
hand. Pyridoxine has been used
successfully for prophylaxis and
treatment of isoniazid induced
peripheral neuritis. Severe and
sometimes fatal hepatitis
associated with isoniazid
therapy may occur and may
develop even after many
months of treatment. The risk of
developing hepatitis is agerelated and is increased with
daily consumption of alcohol.
Urinary disturbance in the male,
constipation and dryness of the
mouth have been reported.
Rifampicin: GI disturbances,
headache, drowsiness, fatigue,
menstrual disturbances, ataxia,
dizziness, fatigue, metal
disturbances. Chronic liver
disease, alcoholism and old age
appear to increase the incidence
of severe hepatic problems
when rifampicin is given alone
or concurrently with isoniazid
Opioid Analgesic
Impaired renal or
hepatic function,
biliary tract surgery,
impaired respiration,
MI, labour and delivery
Sedation, infrequently sweating,

GI upsets, vertigo, dizziness, dry
mouth, headache, allergic
reactions
Nicardipine
(Cardepine)
Nifedipine
(Adalat, Calibloc,
Calchek, Nelapine,
Nifelan)
Oral: 20,30 mg
Parenteral: 2.5 mg/mL
10mg TID or 30mg OD

(Extended release tablets) max
120-180mg/day
OMX Probiotics
Probiotics 12+
Professional Formula
2~10 cap per day
Orofar
(Benzoxonium Cl 0.5
mg, lidocaine HCl 0.5
mg)
Soln After morning & evening

meals, gargle or rinse mouth for
30-60 sec w/ 1 tbsp of undiluted
soln (do not swallow). If
continued treatment is indicated,
the soln may be used more often
or may be replaced by loz during
the day. Childn >4 yr Dose
should be reduced. Max: 6
loz/day. Use only 1 tsp of soln to
rinse or gargle
Potent peripheral vasodilator.

Little depression of nodes.
Causes reflex increase in
heart rate and output
Severe aortic stenosis
Inhibits calcium ion from

passing through slow channels
on voltage sensitive areas of
both smooth muscle and
myocardium, causing coronary
vasodilation, stabilizes cell
membranes. Increases
myocardial oxygen sypply
Hypersensityvity to
any component of
nifedipine tablet or
capsule.
Do not use short
acting nifedipine in
cases of emergency,
serious side effects
such as0020CVD,
syncope, heart block,
stroke, AMI, etc.),
Avoid with concurrent
intake of grapefruit
juice. Do not withdraw
abruptly in
Hypertensive patients
Normalizes the micro flora

(lactic acid bacteria) in the
intestinal tract, Reestablishes
the colon's optimum pH level
and Probiotics 12 plus,
Suppresses the growth of bad
bacteria, stimulates the
immune system, fortifies the
body's ability to absorb
nutrients, provides complex B
vitamins, antioxidants,
minerals & amino acids.
Peripheral edema; dizziness,

nausea, transient hypotension,
MI, reflex tachycardia,
pulmonary edema, fewer
myocardial infarctions, more
palpitations
Flushing, Edema, Headache,

dizziness, Weakness, transient
hypotension
Effective in vitro against

the most virulent
pathogens including:
MRSA - the Methicillinresistant Staphylococcus
aureus superbug,
E coli-157 (cause of food
poisoning),
Bacillus cereus (cause of
intestinal anthrax),
H. pylori (the cause of
peptic ulcers), and
L clostridium, that results
in morning sickness,
migraine and cluster
headaches.

Not for childn <4 yr
Isolated cases of skin rash;

occasional & transient cases of
mild local irritation
Oxytocin
(Syntocinon)

myometrial tonus
Pankreatoflat
(Pancreatin,
dimethicone)
Pancreatin corrects the

fermentative and putrefactive
process that are the main
causes of pathological
formation of gas. Activated
dimethylpolysiloxane
eliminates foam, facilitating the
absorption of pathological
accumulation of gas in the
intestine
Vidagliptin +
Metformin(Galvusmet)
170/80 mg tab OD
50/500 mg /tab
Antidiabetic
Documented
hypersensitivity;
severe toxemia,
unfavorable fetal
positions, and a
hypertonic or
delivery should be
avoided, such as
invasive cervical
carcinoma, cord
presentation or
prolapse, active
vasa previa

reactions
Hypersensitivity reactions have

been reported; these may be
sneezing, lacrimation or skin
rashes
Adjunct to diet and

exercise to improve
glycemic control in
patients with type 2 DM
whose diabetes is not
adequately controlled on
Metformin HCL or
Vidagliptin alone or who
are already treated with
the combination of
Vidagliptin and
metformin HCL as
separate tab
Hypersensitivity, renal
disease or
dysfunction, CHF,
acute or chronic
metabolic acidosis,
diabetic ketoacidosis
with or without coma,
intravascular
administration of
iodinated contrast
materials, Type DM,
lactation
Nausea. Vidagliptin: tremor,

dizziness, headache, chills,
GERD, decrease blood glucose,
asthenia, hypoglycemia.
Metformin: vomiting, diarrhea,
abdominal pain, loss appetite,
metallic taste
Pantoprazole
(Ulcepraz, Pantoloc)
Paracetamol
(Biogesic)
Pethidine HCl
(Demerol)
Potassium citrate
(Acalka)
Proton Pump Inhibitor
Safety and efficacy not

established beyond 16
weeks. Prolonged
treatment may lead to
Vit B12 malabsorption
Chest pain (I.V. < or =6%), Pain,

migraine, anxiety, dizziness,
headache (I.V. >1%) Rash (I.V.
6%), pruritus (I.V. 4%)
Hyperglycemia (1%),
hyperlipidemia, Diarrhea (4%),
gastroenteritis, nausea, rectal
disorder, vomiting, abdominal
pain (I.V. 12%), Urinary
frequency, urinary tract
infection, Liver function test
abnormality, increased SGPT
Injection site pain (>1%)
Weakness, back pain, neck
pain, arthralgia, hypertonia,
Bronchitis, increased cough,
dyspnea, pharyngitis, rhinitis,
sinusitis, upper respiratory tract
infection, Flu syndrome,
infection
Relief of fever, minor

aches & pains
Anemia, cardiac &

pulmonary disease.
Hepatic or severe
renal disease
Allergic skin reaction & GI

disturbances
25 mg IV
Exert its analegic effects by

the same mechanism as
morphine, by acting as an
agonist at the u-opioid
receptor.
For moderate to severe

pain, pre op medication,
analgesia
Head injury, increased

intracranial pressure,
acurte asthma, atrial
flutter, convulsive
disorders, acute
abdominal conditions
Respiratory depression,
circulatory depression, resp.
arrest, shock, cardiac arrest, GI
disturbance. Dizziness,
sedation, headache, dysphoria,
tremor, agitation, hallucination,
disorientation
1080 mg / Tablet TID
Inhibitor of crystallization; used

in treatment of patients with
renal lithiasis and
hypocitraturia, chronic formers
of calcium oxalate, phosphate
calculi; uric acid lithiasis alone
or accompanied by calcium
lithiasis, and renal tubular
acidosis with calcium
nephrolithiasis.
Treatment of patients
with renal lithisis &
hypocitraturia, chornic
formers of Ca oxalate,
phosphate calculi. Uric
acid lithiasis alone alone
or accompanied by Ca
lithiasis. Renal tubular
acidosis with Ca
nephrolithiasis.
Patients with altered

potassium excretion
mechanism,
hyperpotassemia may
appear. In patients
with renal
insufficiency, an
increased risk of
appearance of
hyperpotassemia
Slight gastrointestinal disorders

may appear which can be
palliated by means of
concomitant administration with
food.
20-40mg 1x a day
Inhibits H+/K+ ATPase pump

in parietal cells, inhibiting acid
secretion. Also reduces in-vitro
counts of H. pylori by more
than 4x at pH of 4
500mg/tab, 250mg/5ml
250~500mg every 3~6hrs

center
Prozine
Ciprofloxacin HCl
Ranitidine
(Ulcin / Zantac)
Rofecoxib
(Vioxx)
(Salbutamol Asmalin)
500mg / tab
Cystic fibrosis
Gonorrhea
500mg OD
double-stranded DNA

of cystic fibrosis,
gastroenteritis,
tract infection
50mg SIV TID
Inhibits action of histamine at

the H2 receptor site located
primarily in the gastric parietal
cells
Histamine H2
Antagonist, Antiulcer
50mg tab BID

1tab TID, 2.5 ~ 5ml TID
Produces anti-inflammatory,
analgesic and antipyretic
effects, possibly by inhibiting
prostaglandin synthesi
Prevention & relief from

bronchospasm
associated with
reversible obstructive
airway disease eg
bronchial asthma

S.aureus infections
Renal impairment,
hepatic impairment,
pregnancy, lactation,
or children
Contraindicated in
patients
hypersensitive to drug
or its components and
in those who have
experienced asthma,
urticaria, allergic
reactions after taking
aspirin or other
NSAIDs. Also
contraindicated in
patients with
advanced renal
disease or moderate
or severe hepatic
insufficiency and in
pregnant women
because it may cause
ductus arteriosus to
close prematurely
Special precaution :
coronary insufficiency,
cardiac arrhythmias,
hypertension,
convulsive disorder,
hyperthyroidism,
diabetes mellitus;
pregnancy, lactation.

hemolytic anemia or
BUN
Headache, dizziness, nausea

and vomiting
Headache, asthenia, fatigue,

dizziness, hypertension, leg
edema, sinusitis, diarrhea,
dyspepsia, epigastric
discomfort, heartburn, nausea,
abdominal pain, UTI, back pain,
bronchitis, URTI, flu syndrome
Palpation, tachycardia,
increased BP, headache,
nervousness, dizziness,
heartburn, epistaxis, cough, GI
discomfort, throat irritation &
tremor
Salbutamol
(Ventolin)
Simvastatin
(Vidastat, Zocor)
Sulbactam-Ampicillin
(Unasyn)
Tramadol
(Dolotral, Silverol,
TDL, Tradonal,
Trama)
Tranexamic Acid
Inhalant: 40 micrograms/puff
aerosol
Oral: 2,4 mg tablets; 2 mg/mL
syrup
Beta adrenergic receptor

agonist - causes
bronchodilation
Inhalational: Onset < 15 m, dur
3-4 h
PO: onset <30m, dur 4-8
hours
10~80mg tab OD
Statins inhibit the enzyme

HMG-CoA reductase which is
the rate limiting step in the
synthesis of cholesterol. Intake
of statins results in lowering of
LDL and elevation of HDL.
Statins have been
demonstrated to be
cardioprotective and reduces
risk of cardiovascular events
375 mg/tab BID
Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
50-100mg every 4-6 hours, not

to exceed 400mg/day
Binds to Mu Opiate receptors

in the brain and spinal cord,
which alters sensation and
response to pain. Also inhibits
reuptake of serotonin and
norepinephrine, which also
results in alteration in pain
signal transmission
250-500mg/cap 1-2 cap TID/QID

250-500mg IV slow push
Competitively inhibits
activation of plasminogen to
plasmin, which inhibits
fibrinolysis. Also inhibits
plasmin proteolytic activity
Treatment & prevention

of bronchial asthma,
bronchitis, emphysema
with associated
reversible airway
obstruction.
Threatened abortion
during 1st or 2nf
trimesters of
pregnancy. Toxaemia
of pregnancy,
antepartum
haemorrhage,
placenta praevia.
Thyrotoxicosis, inhaled
salbutamol prep are not
appropriate for managing
premature labour. Pregnancy,
lactation. Acute severe asthma.
Monitor fluid balance,
cardiorespiratory function &
ECG
The most common side effect of

statins is in the gastrointestinal
system, with reports of
constipation and nausea. May
also affect the liver, causing
drug induced hepatitis
Menorrhagea,
Metrorrhagea, valvular
heart surgery, GI
hemorrhage, Hereditary
angioneurotic edema
Overgrowth of nonsusceptible organism.

Check periodically for
organ system
dysfunction during
prolonged therapy
Hypersensitivity to
tramadol or any
component of the
tablets or Ampoule
solution. Patients
intoxicated with
alcohol or other
sedating drugs
Use with extreme
precaution among
patients taking other
CNS drugs particularly
sedatives or CNS
depressants
Acquired defective
color vision, active
intravascular clotting,
subarachnoid
hemorrhage,
Concurrent factor IX
complex or antiinhibitor coagulant
concentrates, patients
with cardiovascular,
renal, CVD, and
thromboembolic
disease
GI disturbances, phlebitis, skin

rashes, itching, blood disorders,
anaphylaxis, superinfection
Most common side effects are

CNS related: Headaches,
dizziness, somnolence, vertigo.
May cause vasodilaton and
hypotonia
Gastrointestinal >10% (nausea,

diarrhea, vomiting),
Cardiovascular and Ocular 1%
to 10% (Hypotension,
thrombosis, blurred vision)
Valdecoxib
(Bextra)
Valproic acid
(Depakene)
20mg / tab once daily
Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2
(COX-2) pathway
Patients with known

hypersensitivity to
Valdecoxib. Patients
who have
demonstrated allergictype reactions to
sulfonamides. Patient
who have experienced
asthma, urticaria,
allergic type reactions
after taking NSAIDS
including other COX-2
inhibitors
250mg, 15ml NGT 30ml/day
Valproic acid and its

derivative, divalproex, are oral
drugs that are used for the
treatment of convulsions,
migraines and bipolar
disorder. The active ingredient
in both products is valproic
acid or valproate. Scientists do
not know the mechanism of
action of valproate. The most
popular theory is that
valproate exerts its effects by
increasing the concentration of
gamma-aminobutyric acid
(GABA) in the brain. Gammaaminobutyric acid is a
neurotransmitter, a chemical
that nerves use to
communicate with one anothe
Should not take this

drug if you have liver
disease or your liver is
not functioning
properly, or if you
have had an allergic
reaction to it.
Dry mouth, hypertension,

peripheral edema, , abdominal
fullness, abdominal pain,
diarrhea, dyspepsia, nausea,
anemia, sinusitis, rash
The most common side effects

with valproic acid therapy are
drowsiness, dizziness, nausea,
vomiting, indigestion, diarrhea,
weight loss and tremors.
Liver injury, pancreatitis and
abnormal bleeding
Vincristine
(Alcavixin, Biomedis
Vincristine, Nevexitin,
Pfizer Vincristine)
Vitamin A
Retinol palmitate
Vitamin E
DI-a-tocopheryl
acetate
(Mira E )
Cefuroxime
(Zinnat)
Paracetamol
(Biogesic)
Adult 0.4-1.4 mg/m2 BSA.

Childn 1.5-2 mg/m2 BSA, <10
kg or BSA <1 m2 0.05 mg/kg
wkly
vincristine and other vinca

alkaloids exert their cytotoxic
effects by binding to tubulin,
the protein subunit of the
microtubles that form the
mitotic spindle. The formation
of vincristine-tublin complexes
prevent the polymerization of
the tubulin subunits into
microtublues and induces
depolymerization of
microtubules resulting in
inhibition of microtubule
assembly and cellular
metaphase arrest. In high
concentrations, the drug also
exerts complex effects on
nucleic acid and protein
synthesis. Vincristine exerts
some immunosuppressive
activity
Biliary obstruction,
preexisting
neuropathies, liver
dysfunction or
jaundice & elderly.
Extravasation,
nephrotoxicity, hepatic
impairment.
Pregnancy, lactation.
Fatal if given
intrathecally
Neurotoxicity. CNS effects eg

depression, agitation, insomnia,
hallucinations & episodes of
altered consciousness. Rare
hypersensitivity. Leucopenia,
anemia, thrombocytopenia. GI
effects. Hyperuricemia, uric acid
nephropathy, polyuria, dysuria &
urinary retention due to bladder
atony. Alopecia. Increased
urinary Na excretion.
Hypertension, hypotension.
Fever, headache
Special precaution in
pregnancy. Excessive
doses may lead to
hypervitaminosis
Supplementation
Treatment of vit A
deficiency
Supplementation
Maintains healthy skin &

eyes. Protects against
artherosclerosis & CV
disorders. Improves
nerve functions &
prevents onset of
neuromuscular
degenerative diseases

IV, oral

of the penicillins

drug or other
nitroimidazole
derivatives and in
patients in 1st
necrolysis

center

aches & pains
Anemia, cardiac &

pulmonary disease.
Hepatic or severe
renal disease

disturbances
25,000iu
300iu, 400iu
Clindamycin
Celecoxib
600 mg IV
200 mg tab OD
Paracetamol
250mg/5ml
every 4 hours
Diazepam
2.4 mg for active seizure
Ciprofloxacin HCl
500mg / tab
Cystic fibrosis
Gonorrhea
500mg OD
Reversibly binds to 50s

ribosomal subunits preventing
peptide bond formation thus
inhibiting bacterial protein
synthesis; bacteriostatic or
bactericidal depending on drug
concentration, infection site
and organism
cyclooxygenase-2 which
results in decreased formation
of prostaglandin precursors

center
Binds on the stereo-specific
within the CNS including limbic
system
double-stranded DNA
Treatment of serious
anaerobic infections due
to Bacteroides fragilis,
and some
staphylococcal
infections.
Hypersensitivity to
lincomycins
GI disease, history of colitis,.

Atopic patients. Hepatic or renal
impairment. Prolonged therapy
and in infants.
Osteoarthritis and
Rheumatoid arthritis
Asthma, urticaria,
allergic-type reaction
to sulfonamides,
aspirin or other
NSAIDs. Treatment of
peri-operative pain in
the setting of coronary
artery bypass graft
surgery. Severe
hepative impairment.
Anaphylactic reactions, renal

toxicity. Hallucination, ageusia,
anosmia, aseptic meningitis,
vasculitis, GI hemorrhage.
Hepatitis, liver failure, interstitial
nephritis, photosensitivity
reaction, exfoliative dermamtitis,
erythema multiforme, StevensJohnson syndrome, toxic
epidermal necrolysis &
menstrual disorder. Cerebral
hemorrhage, fulminant hepatitis,
liver necrosis, hyponatremia,
conjunctivitis

aches & pains
Anemia, cardiac &

pulmonary disease.
Hepatic or severe
renal disease

disturbances
Active seizures,
convulsions
Pregnancy and
lactation
CNS depressant

S.aureus infections

hemolytic anemia or
BUN

of cystic fibrosis,
gastroenteritis,
tract infection
Racecadotril
(Hydrase)c
20-40mg 1x a day

than 4x at pH of 4

mg/24 hrs

pressure
esomeprazole
Imidapril
sweating
Patients prone to
gastric mucosa. Do
not administer to
patients with
recommended to
infants <1 year.
and particularly in
children who are
dehydrated.
Gastric hemorrhage,

weeks. Prolonged

Hyperglycemia (1%),
infection
Decrease dose with

renal insufficiency

Clopidogrel
Amlodipine
Vastard
Delzem
90 mg/ tab OD
Calcium antagonist
conduction

block, hypotension,
pregnancy acute MI

IV, oral

of the penicillins

drug or other
nitroimidazole
derivatives and in
patients in 1st
sweating
500mg every 8 hours

IV, Oral

both intestinal and
infection

CNS: dizziness,
necrolysis
Patients prone to
gastric mucosa. Do
not administer to
patients with
recommended to
infants <1 year.
and particularly in
children who are
dehydrated.
Gastric hemorrhage,
drug or other
nitroimidazole
derivatives and in
patients in 1st

Aldazide
Atorvastatin Ca
Lipitor
10 mg/tab
Coversyl

mg/24 hrs
Polynerve
10mg, 1mg/ml
1tab TID

pressure

transit time

drugs and
gravis

Diarrhea (6%)
apolipoprotein B &
HDL cholesterol in

pregnancy and
lactation.

edema
Decrease dose with

renal insufficiency

GI hemorrhage,
mechanical
obstruction or
pituitary tumor
intolerance to the
drug.

Dyspeptic symptom
delayed gastric
emptying, GERD,
satiety, feeling of
mouth. Nausea &
Plavix
Orphenadrine citrate
+ Paracetamol
Myonal
Antithrombotic,
sweating.
150mg/ml

center
50~150mg /day
Nonsteroidal
Amiodarone
200mg, 1 tab OD
Amiodarone is a class III

antiarrhythmic agent which
inhibits stimulation, prolongs
action potential and refractory
period in myocardial tissues. It
also decreases AV conduction
and sinus node function. Sinus
rate is reduced by 15-20%, PR
and QT intervals are
increased. Amiodarone can
cause marked sinus
bradycardia or sinus arrest
and heart block. In acute IV
doses, amiodarone may exert
a mild negative inotropic
effect.
Prophylaxis of
thromboembolic
disorder; prevention of
MI & stroke
Pyrexia of unknown
other conditions.
pain, arthritis &
toothacke
dysmenorrheal,
migraine, adnexitis
Management of lifethreatening ventricular

arrhythmias, Cardiac
arrest secondary to
ventricular fibrillation or
pulseless ventricular
tachycardia
Use with caution in

patients prone to
gastric mucosa. Do
not administer to
patients with
recommended to
infants <1 year.
and particularly in
children who are
dehydrated
Gastric hemorrhage,
Anemia, cardiac &

pulmonary disease.
Hepatic or severe
renal disease

allergic reactions
Known
hypersensitivity to
diclofenac or other
NSAIDs, gastric or
intestinal ulcer

Hypersensitivity to
amiodarone or iodine.
Severe sinus node
dysfunction, 2nd and
3rd degree heart block
(except in patients
with a functioning
artificial pacemaker),
cardiogenic shock,
pregnancy.
Blue-grey discolouration of skin,

photosensitivity, peripheral
neuropathy, paraesthesia,
myopathy, ataxia, tremor,
nausea, vomiting, metallic taste,
hypothyroidism,
hyperthyroidism, alopoecia,
sleep disturbances, corneal
microdeposits, hot flushes,
sweating. Heart block,
bradycardia, sinus arrest,
hepatotoxicity, heart failure.
Candesartan cilexetil
(Blopress)
Clopidogrel
Glimepiride
(Norizec)
Metformin HCl
(Glumet)
Erdosteine
(Ectrin)
16mg tab OD
5mg/tab 1 tab after lunch
2mg before breakfast,
500mg 3x a day
200mg/cap BID
Antihypertensive agent and

angiotensin II receptor
antagonist.
Hypertension.
inhibitor of ADP-induced
platelet aggregation acting by
direct inhibition of adenosine
diphosphate (ADP) binding to
its receptor and of the
subsequent ADP-mediated
activation of the glycoprotein
GPIIb/IIIa complex.
For patients with a

history of recent
myocardial infarction
(MI), recent stroke, or
established peripheral
arterial disease, patients
with acute coronary
syndrome
sulfonylurea antidiabetic
agent. It lowers blood glucose
primarily by stimulating the
release of insulin from
functioning pancreatic -cells.
Glimepiride also provides
overall glycemic control by
increasing sensitivity of
peripheral tissues to insulin.
a biguanide hypoglycemic
agent that reduces both
fasting and postprandial
glucose concentrations in
patients with type 2 diabetes
mellitus by improving both
peripheral and hepatic
sensitivity to insulin. Metformin
improves insulin sensitivity by
enhancing insulin-stimulated
uptake and utilization of
glucose by peripheral tissues
eg, skeletal muscles and
adipocytes. Metformin also
improves glycemic control by
decreasing hepatic glucose
production and intestinal
absorption of glucose.
Pharmacokinetics: Peak
plasma levels are reached
after 30-60 min. Ectrin has
subsequent complete
metabolism in similar
metabolites.
Pregnancy. Severe or
end-stage renal
impairment. Childn.
Hypersensitivity to the
drug substance or any
component of the
product. Active
pathological bleeding
such as peptic ulcer or
intracranial
hemorrhage.
Headache, upper resp tract

infection, back pain, dizziness,
nausea.
Dyspepsia, abdominal pain,
nausea, vomiting, flatulence,
constipation, gastritis, gastric
and duodenal ulcers. GI upset,
diarrhoea, paraesthesia, vertigo,
headache, dizziness, pruritus
and rashes.
Potentially Fatal: Bleeding
disorders including GI and
intracranial haemorrhage. Blood
dyscrasias.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus,

as monotherapy or in
combination w/
metformin or insulin.
Diabetic ketoacidosis
w/ or w/o coma
Hypoglycemia. Dizziness,
asthenia, headache, nausea.
Vomiting, GI pain, diarrhea.
Allergic skin reactions,
hematologic reactions.
Hyponatremia, changes in
accommodation &/or blurred
vision.
Adjunct to diet &

exercise to improve
glycemic control in Type
II DM. Impaired glucose
tolerance.
Renal & hepatic

dysfunction, CHF, CV
collapse, shock, acute
MI, dehydration,
septicemia or
intravascular
administration of
iodinated contrast
materials. Diabetic
ketoacidosis w/ or w/o
coma. Alcoholism.
XR tab Childn <17 yr.
GI disturbances;
dizziness/lightheadedness,
headache, upper resp infection,
flu syndrome, chest discomfort,
chills; hypoglycemia, myalgia,
dyspnea, nail disorder, rash,
increased sweating, flushing,
palpitation.
Hepatic cirrhosis &

cystathioninesynthetase enzyme
deficiency.
Phenylketonuria (susp
only).
No gastrointestinal nor systemic

side effects due to Ectrin have
been observed.
Acute bronchitis, chronic

bronchitis & its
exacerbations. Resp
disorders characterised
by abnormal bronchial
secretions & impaired
mucus transport.
Moxifloxacin HCl
(Avelox)
Atorvastatin Ca
Lipitor
Esomeprazole
Pantoprazole
Hypersensitivity to
quinolones. Childn,
growing adolescent.
GI disturbances (eg nausea,

vomiting, dyspepsia, abdominal
pain); headache, dizziness;
taste perversion;
musculoskeletal effects (eg back
pain, arthralgia); CVS effects
(eg tachycardia, HTN);
hematological changes; CNS
disturbances (eg insomnia,
convulsion); skin reactions (eg
rash, pruritus); visual
disturbances.
apolipoprotein B &
HDL cholesterol in

pregnancy and
lactation.

edema
for the treatment of

gastroesophageal reflux
disease (GERD) and in
combination with
amoxicillin and
clarithromycin (Biaxin)
patients with ulcers and
H. pylori infection
Pregnancy and
nursing mothers
headache, diarrhea, nausea,

gas, decreased appetite,
constipation, dry mouth, and
abdominal pain

weeks. Prolonged

Hyperglycemia (1%),
infection
400mg/tab 1 tab OD for 5 days
has bactericidal action that

results from the interference
with topoisomerase II and IV.
Topoisomerases are essential
enzymes which control DNA
topology and assist in DNA
replication, repair and
transcription.
Treatment of upper &

lower resp tract
infections eg acute
sinusitis, acute
exacerbations of chronic
bronchitis, communityacquired pneumonia.
Treatment of skin & soft
tissue infections.
20 mg/tab after dinner
A proton pump inhibitor which
reduces gastric acid secretion
through inhibition of H+/K+ATPase in gastric parietal
cells. By inhibiting the
functioning of this enzyme, the
drug prevents formation of
gastric acid
40mg IV ( )ANST
1 tab BID, 30 minutes before

meals for 2 weeks, then 1 tab
once a day for 2 weeks

than 4x at pH of 4
short-term treatment of
erosive esophagitis
associated with
gastroesophageal reflux
disease (GERD);
maintenance treatment
of erosive esophagitis,
the treatment of
duodenal and gastric
ulcers, the prevention of
gastro-duodenal damage
in patients taking
NSAIDs, and as
adjunctive therapy with
antibiotics for the
eradication of
Helicobacter pylori.
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
100mg cap TID
Diazepam (Valium)
5mg IV
Paracetamol
500mg/tab 1 tab for headache
by promoting sodium efflux

from neurons, phenytoin tends
to stabilize the threshold
against hyperexcitability
caused by excessive
stimulation or environmental
changes capable of reducing
membrane sodium gradient.
This includes the reduction of
posttetanic potentiation at
synapses. Loss of posttetanic
potentiation prevents cortical
seizure foci from detonating
adjacent cortical areas.
Phenytoin reduces the
maximal activity of brain stem
centers responsible for the
tonic phase of tonic-clonic
(grand mal) seizures.
indicated for the control

of generalized tonicclonic (grand mal) and
complex partial
(psychomotor, temporal
lobe) seizures and
prevention and treatment
of seizures occurring
during or following
neurosurgery
in patients who have

experienced phenytoin
hypersensitivity;
caution should be
exercised if using
structurally similar
compounds (e.g.,
barbiturates,
succinimides,
oxazolidinediones,
and other related
compounds) in these
same patients.
Headache, nausea, vomiting,

constipation, dizziness,
drowsiness, trouble sleeping, or
nervousness may occur, may
cause swelling and bleeding of
the gums
a benzodiazepine that exerts

anxiolytic, sedative, musclerelaxant, anticonvulsant and
amnestic effects. Most of
these effects are thought to
result from a facilitation of the
action of gamma aminobutyric
acid (GABA), an inhibitory
neurotransmitter in the central
nervous system.
for the management of

anxiety disorders or for
the short-term relief of
the symptoms of anxiety;
useful adjunct for the
relief of skeletal muscle
spasm due to reflex
spasm to local pathology
(such as inflammation of
the muscles or joints, or
secondary to trauma),
spasticity caused by
upper motor neuron
disorders (such as
cerebral palsy and
paraplegia), athetosis
known hypersensitivity
to diazepam and,
because of lack of
sufficient clinical
experience, in
pediatric patients
under 6 months of
age, in patients with
myasthenia gravis,
severe respiratory
insufficiency, severe
hepatic insufficiency,
and sleep apnea
syndrome, in acute
narrow-angle
glaucoma.
drowsiness, fatigue, muscle

weakness, and ataxia,
confusion, depression,
dysarthria, headache, slurred
speech, tremor, vertigo,
constipation, nausea,
gastrointestinal disturbances,
blurred vision, diplopia,
dizziness, hypotension,
incontinence, changes in libido,
urinary retention

center

aches & pains
Anemia, cardiac &

pulmonary disease.
Hepatic or severe
renal disease

disturbances
(Aspirin)
Ramipril
(Tritace)
5mg/tab OD
Antithrombotic,
sweating.
Prophylaxis of
thromboembolic
MI & stroke
potent and long-acting

angiotensin-converting
enzyme (ACE) inhibitor,
results in a vasodilatation and,
especially in hypertensive
patients, in a reduction of
blood pressure
HTN. CHF. Treatment of

patients who w/in the 1st
few days after an acute
MI have demonstrated
clinical signs of CHF.
Prevention of MI, stroke
or CV death & reduction
of need for
revascularization
procedures in patients w/
increased CV risk eg
manifest CHD (w/ or w/o
a history of MI), a history
of stroke, or a history of
vascular disease.
Prevention of MI, stroke
or CV death in diabetic
patients.
Use with caution in

patients prone to
gastric mucosa. Do
not administer to
patients with
recommended to
infants <1 year.
and particularly in
children who are
dehydrated
History of
angioneurotic edema;
renal artery stenosis,
relevant left ventricular
inflow or outflow
obstruction,
concomitant use of
certain high-flux
dialysis membranes or
low density lipoprotein
apheresis w/ dextran
sulfate. Significant
unilateral renal artery
stenosis in the single
kidney. Pregnancy &
lactation.
Hypersensitivity to
other ACE inhibitors.
Gastric hemorrhage,
cardiac arrhythmias, ,
disturbances due to vascular
stenoses, myocardial or cerebral
ischemia, renal failure,
hyperkalemia, hyponatremia,
angioneurotic
edema,conjunctivitis, pruritus,
urticaria, photosensitivity,
alopecia, onycholysis,
Raynaud's phenomenon,
increased likelihood of
anaphylactoid reactions to other
substances, GI reactions
Enoxaparin Na
(Clexane)
Paracetamol
0.4cc SQ BID
500mg/tab every 4hours for

temperature 37.8C
Clopidogrel
(Plavix)
75mg OD
Esomeprazole
(Nexium)
40mg tab before breakfast
binds to and accelerates the

activity of antithrombin III. By
activating antithrombin III,
enoxaparin preferentially
potentiates the inhibition of
coagulation factors Xa and IIa.
Factor Xa catalyzes the
conversion of prothrombin to
thrombin, so enoxaparins
inhibition of this process
results in decreased thrombin
and ultimately the prevention
of fibrin clot formation.
Prophylaxis of VTE
disease, in particular
those which may be
associated w/ orthopedic
or general surgery.
Prophylaxis of VTE in
medical patients
bedridden due to acute
illnesses including
cardiac insufficiency,
resp failure, severe
infections, rheumatic
diseases. Treatment of
deep vein thrombosis w/
or w/o pulmonary
embolism; prevention of
thrombus formation in
extracorporeal circulation
during hemodialysis;
treatment of unstable
angina & non-Q wave
MI, administered
concurrently w/ aspirin.
Conditions w/ a high
risk of uncontrolled
hemorrhage including
major bleeding
disorders.
Hypersensitivity to
enoxaparin Na,
heparin or its
derivatives including
other low MW
heparins.
Hemorrhage.
Thrombocytopenia. Local
reactions (exceptionally small
local hematoma). Exceptional
cases of skin necrosis
(discontinue treatment). Rarely,
cutaneous or systemic allergic
reactions. Increase in liver
enzymes, platelet counts.
Hypersensitivity cutaneous
vasculitis.

center

aches & pains
Anemia, cardiac &

pulmonary disease.
Hepatic or severe
renal disease

disturbances
inhibitor of ADP-induced
platelet aggregation acting by
direct inhibition of adenosine
diphosphate (ADP) binding to
its receptor and of the
subsequent ADP-mediated
activation of the glycoprotein
GPIIb/IIIa complex.
For patients with a

history of recent
myocardial infarction
(MI), recent stroke, or
established peripheral
arterial disease, patients
with acute coronary
syndrome
A proton pump inhibitor which

reduces gastric acid secretion
through inhibition of H+/K+ATPase in gastric parietal
cells. By inhibiting the
functioning of this enzyme, the
drug prevents formation of
gastric acid

GERD and in
combination with
amoxicillin and
clarithromycin (Biaxin)
patients with ulcers and
H. pylori infection
Hypersensitivity to the
drug substance or any
component of the
product. Active
pathological bleeding
such as peptic ulcer or
intracranial
hemorrhage.
Pregnancy and
nursing mothers
Dyspepsia, abdominal pain,

nausea, vomiting, flatulence,
constipation, gastritis, gastric
and duodenal ulcers. GI upset,
diarrhoea, paraesthesia, vertigo,
headache, dizziness, pruritus
and rashes.
Potentially Fatal: Bleeding
disorders including GI and
intracranial haemorrhage. Blood
dyscrasias.
headache, diarrhea, nausea,

gas, decreased appetite,
constipation, dry mouth, and
abdominal pain
Diltiazem Hcl
(Dilzem)
Moxifloxacin HCl
(Avelox)
Erdosteine
(Ectrin)
Humulin 70/30,
potent vasodilator, increasing

blood flow and variably
decreasing the heart rate via
strong depression of A-V node
conduction
Oral Angina pectoris

including Prinzmetal's
angina. Mild to moderate
hypertension. Parenteral
Paroxysmal
supraventricular
tachycardia & atrial
fibrillation or atrial flutter.
400mg/tab 1 tab OD for 5 days
has bactericidal action that

results from the interference
with topoisomerase II and IV.
Topoisomerases are essential
enzymes which control DNA
topology and assist in DNA
replication, repair and
transcription.
Treatment of upper &

lower resp tract
infections eg acute
sinusitis, acute
exacerbations of chronic
bronchitis, communityacquired pneumonia.
Treatment of skin & soft
tissue infections.
300mg 1 tab BID
Pharmacokinetics: Peak
plasma levels are reached
after 30-60 min. Ectrin has
subsequent complete
metabolism in similar
metabolites.
48 u SQ in AM and 16 u SQ
an intermediate-acting insulin
combined with the more rapid
onset of action of regular
insulin. The duration of activity
may last up to 24 hrs following
injection.
90mg 1 tab OD
Acute bronchitis, chronic

bronchitis & its
exacerbations. Resp
disorders characterised
by abnormal bronchial
secretions & impaired
mucus transport.
Treatment of IDDM.
Sick sinus syndrome;

block; hypotension,
acute MI. Pulmonary
congestion,
hypersensitivity.
Dizziness, headache, edema,

skin rash, bradycardia, asthenia,
flushing, 1st degree AV block,
nausea.
Hypersensitivity to
quinolones. Childn,
growing adolescent.
GI disturbances (eg nausea,

vomiting, dyspepsia, abdominal
pain); headache, dizziness;
taste perversion;
musculoskeletal effects (eg back
pain, arthralgia); CVS effects
(eg tachycardia, HTN);
hematological changes; CNS
disturbances (eg insomnia,
convulsion); skin reactions (eg
rash, pruritus); visual
disturbances.
Hepatic cirrhosis &

cystathioninesynthetase enzyme
deficiency.
Phenylketonuria (susp
only).
No gastrointestinal nor systemic

side effects due to Ectrin have
been observed.
Hypoglycemia, IV
administration &
hyperglycemic coma.
Lipodystrophy, insulin
resistance. Local & generalised
allergic reactions.
Vildagliptin
(Galvus)
Nicorandil
(Aprior)
1 tab after beakfast and 1 tab

after dinner
10mg after dinner
Bromazepam
Lexotan
1.5 mg/tab TID
Ketoprofen
(Orudis)

48 hrs
potent and selective

dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4)
inhibitor that improves
glycemic control. Inhibition of
DPP-4 results in increased
fasting and postprandial
endogenous levels of the
incretin hormones GLP-1
(glucagon-like peptide 1) and
GIP (glucose-dependent
insulinotropic polypeptide). By
increasing the endogenous
levels of these incretin
hormones, vildagliptin
e
cells to glucose resulting in
improved glucose-dependent
insulin secretion.
a potassium channel opener
with nitrate moiety and an
antianginal agent with a dual
mechanism of action: (1)
opens (KATP) channels in
vascular smooth muscle and
hence, causes a
hyperpolarization of the
smooth muscle cells, leading
to arterial dilatation and
afterload reduction; (2) Due to
its nitrate moiety, relaxes
vascular smooth muscle,
particularly in the venous
vascular system, via an
increase in intracellular cyclic
GMP.
chloride ions.
Analgesic
Adjunct to diet &

exercise to improve
glycemic control in
patients w/ Type 2 DM
combination w/
metformin, a
sulfonylurea or a
thiazolidinedione when
diet, exercise & a single
antidiabetic agent do not
result in adequate
glycemic control.
Type I DM, diabetic

ketoacidosis. Hepatic
impairment. Moderate
to severe renal
impairment. End-stage
renal disease on
hemodialysis. Childn
<18 yr. Patients w/
galactose intolerance,
Lapp lactase
deficiency or glucosegalactose
malabsorption.
` Dizziness, tremor, headache,

asthenia, wt increase, peripheral
edema.
Treatment of chronic
stable angina pectoris.
Hypersensitivity to
nicorandil,
nicotinamide &
nicotinic acid.
Cardiogenic shock,
hypotension & left
ventricular failure w/
low filling pressures,
acute MI. Childn.
Headache, abdominal pain,

chest & back pain, lethargy,
infection, vasodilation, flush,
HTN, palpitation, dyspepsia,
nausea, myalgia, dizziness,
vertigo, bronchitis, dyspnea,
resp disorder.

depressive mood,
nervous tension,
respiratory system.
Adjuvant to
psychotherapy in
psychoneurosis
Early pregnancy,
gravis

excitation.
Renal impairment
bullous dermatoses
(Toradol)
30 mg IV TID

op pain
in patients with
impaired renal
GIT disease,
anaphylactoid
reactions, elderly,
Avoid driving and
operating machinery
Galactosemia, bowel
obstruction,
hypersensitivity
Special concerns in
lactose intolerance

therapy
Diarrhea
3.3g/5ml
Starting
Adult : 15~45ml
Child :5~15ml
Maintenance
Adult : 10~25ml
Child :5~20ml

irritate gut mucosa
postnatal period;
patients; surgical
procedures; painful
barium x-ray
Loperamide
(Diatabs, Imodium)
2mg/cap,
unformed stool

loss; demonstrates
peripheral action
Anti-diarrheal
ileostomy
Constipation, acute
ulcerative,
pseudomembranous

Maalox
Al(OH)3 200mg,
Mg(OH)2 200mg
Chewtab 2~4
Susp 2~4tsp
QID
Antacids, antireflux &

antiulcerants agents
hyperacidity
Severe debilitation,
kidney failure
Pain, headache,
dysmenorrhea
GIT ulceration or
inflammation
Completion of 3rd stage

labor. Uterine
atony/hemorrhage
Abnormal
completed & in
multiple birth not
has bee delivered.

abdominal pain
Lactulose
(Duphalac)
Mefenamic acid
Methylergometrine
hydrogen maleate
(Methergin)
500 mg/cap P.O
producing sustained
Methylergonovine
(Syntocinon)

myometrial tonus
Methotrexate
(Biomedis
Methotrexate soln,
Emthexate vial,
Methotrexate vial)


IM twice
days
Documented
hypersensitivity;
severe toxemia,
unfavorable fetal
positions, and a
hypertonic or
delivery should be
avoided, such as
invasive cervical
carcinoma, cord
presentation or
prolapse, active
vasa previa
Preexisting liver
damage or impaired
hepatic function.
preexisting bone
marrow aplasia,
leucopenia,
thrombocytopenia or
anaemia. Infection,
colitis, debility &
extreme youth & old
age. Monitor renal
function & serum
levels when giving
high dose; give Ca

reactions
Dermatological &
Metoclopramide HCl
(Reglan, Plasil)

10-15mg QID, 30 minutes before
food intak IV, Tab, Syrup
Metoclopramide stimulates
motility of the upper GIT
without stimulating gastric,
biliary or pancreatic
secretions. Its mode of action
is unclear. It seems to
sensitize tissues to the action
of acetylcholine. The effect of
metoclopramide on motility is
not dependent on intact vagal
innervation, but it can be
abolished by
anticholinesterase. Blocks
dopamine and serotonin in the
CTZ of the CNS, which is
responsible for its antiemetic
action. Also increases LES
tone
Metoprolol
(Neobloc)

Metronidazole
500mg every 8 hours

IV, Oral

both intestinal and
Midazolam
(Dormicum)

Moxifloxacin
(Avelox)

Antiemetic, prokinetic
agent
Disturbances of GI
motility including GERD
& diabetic gastroparesis.
central & peripheral
origin associated with
surgery, metabolic
disease, infectious
disease, migraine
headache or drugs
including cancer
radiological procedure of
GIT
infection
GI hemorrhage,
mechanical
obstruction or
perforation,
pheochromocytoma,
epileptics
frequently, insomnia, headache,
dizziness, nausea or bowel
disturbances may occur
established;
Anaphylaxis: Deaths
have occurred;
aggressive therapy
may be required; AV
block, slows AV
conduction and may
cause heart block;
Bradycardia

drug or other
nitroimidazole
derivatives and in
patients in 1st

Acute narrow angle

glaucoma, premature
infants


drugs and
gravis

Diarrhea (6%)
Myrin
(Ethambutol HCl,
Nalbuphine
(Nubain)

Mycobacterium

severe pain

promptly.
Opioid Analgesic
Impaired renal or
hepatic function,

reactions
Nicardipine
(Cardepine)
Nifedipine
(Adalat, Calibloc,
Calchek, Nelapine,
Nifelan)
Oral: 20,30 mg
10mg TID or 30mg OD

120-180mg/day
OMX Probiotics
Probiotics 12+
2~10 cap per day
Orofar
(Benzoxonium Cl 0.5
mg)

rinse or gargle


Hypersensityvity to
any component of
capsule.
Do not use short
cases of emergency,
such as0020CVD,
stroke, AMI, etc.),
abruptly in


palpitations

hypotension

the most virulent
aureus superbug,
poisoning),
peptic ulcers), and
headaches.


Documented
hypersensitivity;
severe toxemia,
unfavorable fetal
positions, and a
hypertonic or
delivery should be
avoided, such as
invasive cervical
carcinoma, cord
presentation or
prolapse, active
vasa previa
Oxytocin
(Syntocinon)

myometrial tonus
Pankreatoflat
(Pancreatin,
dimethicone)

intestine

rashes

than 4x at pH of 4

Hyperglycemia (1%),
infection
Pantoprazole
170/80 mg tab OD
20-40mg 1x a day

weeks. Prolonged

reactions
Paracetamol
(Biogesic)
Pethidine HCl
(Demerol)
Potassium citrate
(Acalka)
Prozine
Ciprofloxacin HCl
Ranitidine
(Ulcin / Zantac)

center
25 mg IV

receptor.

renal lithiasis and
nephrolithiasis.
500mg / tab
Cystic fibrosis
Gonorrhea
500mg OD
double-stranded DNA
50mg SIV TID

cells

aches & pains
Anemia, cardiac &

pulmonary disease.
Hepatic or severe
renal disease

disturbances

analgesia

flutter, convulsive
disorders, acute
disorientation

potassium excretion
mechanism,
hyperpotassemia may
appear. In patients
with renal
insufficiency, an
increased risk of
appearance of
hyperpotassemia

food.

S.aureus infections

hemolytic anemia or
BUN
Renal impairment,
hepatic impairment,
or children

and vomiting
acidosis with Ca
nephrolithiasis.
of cystic fibrosis,
gastroenteritis,
tract infection
Histamine H2
Rofecoxib
(Vioxx)
Salbutamol
(Asmalin)
Salbutamol
(Ventolin)
Simvastatin
(Vidastat, Zocor)
50mg tab BID

bronchospasm
associated with
airway disease eg
bronchial asthma

aerosol
syrup

agonist - causes
bronchodilation
3-4 h
hours
10~80mg tab OD

Statins have been
demonstrated to be

with associated
reversible airway
obstruction.
Contraindicated in
patients
in those who have
experienced asthma,
urticaria, allergic
aspirin or other
NSAIDs. Also
contraindicated in
patients with
advanced renal
disease or moderate
or severe hepatic
pregnant women
close prematurely
hypertension,
hyperthyroidism,
diabetes mellitus;
Threatened abortion
during 1st or 2nf
trimesters of
pregnancy. Toxaemia
of pregnancy,
antepartum
haemorrhage,
placenta praevia.

tremor
ECG

(Unasyn)
Tramadol
TDL, Tradonal,
Trama)
Tranexamic Acid
Valdecoxib
(Bextra)
375 mg/tab BID

to exceed 400mg/day

signal transmission

(COX-2) pathway
Menorrhagea,
heart surgery, GI
angioneurotic edema

organ system
dysfunction during
prolonged therapy
Hypersensitivity to
tramadol or any
component of the
tablets or Ampoule
solution. Patients
intoxicated with
alcohol or other
sedating drugs
Use with extreme
precaution among
sedatives or CNS
depressants
Acquired defective
subarachnoid
hemorrhage,
renal, CVD, and
thromboembolic
disease
Patients with known
hypersensitivity to
who have
asthma, urticaria,
after taking NSAIDS
inhibitors


hypotonia


Valproic acid
(Depakene)
Vincristine
Pfizer Vincristine)
Vitamin A
Retinol palmitate
Adult 0.4-1.4 mg/m2 BSA.

Childn 1.5-2 mg/m2 BSA, <10
kg or BSA <1 m2 0.05 mg/kg
wkly
25,000iu

that nerves use to
communicate with one anothe
depolymerization of
activity
Supplementation
Treatment of vit A
deficiency

not functioning
properly, or if you
reaction to it.

abnormal bleeding
preexisting
neuropathies, liver
dysfunction or
jaundice & elderly.
Extravasation,
impairment.
Fatal if given
intrathecally

Fever, headache
doses may lead to
hypervitaminosis
Vitamin E
DI-a-tocopheryl
acetate
(Mira E )
Acetazolamide
300iu, 400iu
Supplementation
250-375 mg/day
250-1000 mg 24 hrly
8-30 mg/kg/day
the drug forces the kidneys to

excrete bicarbonate, the
conjugate base of carbonic
acid. By increasing the amount
of bicarbonate excreted in the
urine, the blood becomes
more acidic. Acidifying the
blood stimulates ventilation,
which increases the amount of
oxygen in the blood

disorders. Improves
nerve functions &
prevents onset of
neuromuscular
Prophylaxis of high
altitude sickness, Acute
closed angle glaucoma,
Epilepsy
Calcium Gluconate
Amp 100mg/mL
Replaces and maintains body

calcium, a cation needed for
maintenance
of
nervous,
muscular, skeletal systems,
enzyme reactions, normal
cardiac
contractility,
coagulation of blood; affects
secretory activity of endocrine,
exocrine glands
Hypocalcemic tetany or
hyperkalemia
and
parathyroid tetany. Mg
intoxication to counteract
resp
paralysis.
Necessary for proper
nerves and muscles
function,
blood
clot,
normal cardiac function.
Vancomycin
300mg/IV
Inhibits bacterial cell wall

synthesis
by
blocking
glycopeptide
polymerization
through bnding tightly to Dalanyl D-alanine portion of cell
wall precursor.
Linezolid
500mg/IV
Binds to 23S ribosomal RNA

of the 50S subunit preventing
formation of the bacterial
translation process
Serious Gram (+)

infections particularly
methicillin-resistant S.
aureus in brain
abscesses, meningitis,
infective endocarditis,
peritonitis associated
with CAPD,
osteomyelitis,
pneumonia, skin and
skin structure infections
and septicemia
Nosocomial pneumonia,
CAP including
concurrent bacteremia.
MRSA infection
Hypersensitivity to
sulphonamides;
sodium or potassium
depletion, hepatic
insufficiency; hepatic
cirrhosis;
hyperchloraemic
acidosis; severe renal
impairment; severe
pulmonary obstruction;
chronic noncongestive
angle-closure
glaucoma;
adrenocortical
insufficiency.
Drowsiness, paraesthesia,
ataxia, dizziness, thirst,
anorexia, headache; confusion,
malaise, depression; GI
distress, metabolic acidosis,
polyuria, hyperuricaemia, renal
calculi, nephrotoxicity, hepatic
dysfunction.
Potentially Fatal: Rarely, skin
reactions or blood dyscrasias.
Overdosage
may
produce
serious cardiac effects
Hypersensitivity
Red man syndrome,

nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity,
phlebitis, anaphylaxia, nausea,
chills, fever, eosinophilia,
rashes.
Hypersensitivity
Myelosuppresion,
diarrhea, headache, nausea
vomiting, insomnia, constipation,
rash, dizziness, fever
Colchicine
500mcg/tab
Bumetanide (Burinex)
Cefepime (Axera)
0.5mg/IV
4mg/tab
1gm IV
Facilitates
reduction
of
inflammation due to urate
crystals, through decreased
lactic acid production of
leukocytes resulting from the
drugs inhibition of leukocyte
migration and phagocytosis. It
may also inhibit the synthesis
of knins and leukotrienes.
Although not an analgesic,
reduction
of
inflammation
result to pain relief. As an
antiosteolytic, it apparently
inhibits
mitosis
or
osteoprogenitor
cells
and
decreases osteoclasts activity.
Acts in the thick ascending
limb of the loop on Henle,
where it inhibits the
cotransport of sodium,
potassium and chloride;
decreases uric acid secretion;
and cause no change In
urinary pH.
bacteriacidal
action
by
inhibiting cell wall synthesis.
Its usually active against
gram-positive microorganisms
such as S. pneumoniae, S.
aureus, and S. pyogenes and
gram-negative
microorganisms
such
as
nterobacter species, E. coli, K.
pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, and
P. aueruginosa.
Used for the relief of

acute gout and for the
propylaxis
of
acute
attacks,
particularly
during the first few
months of treatment with
allopurinol or uricosurics.
Should not be given

SC or IM injections
Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and

abdominal pain. Bone marrow
depression with agranulocytosis,
thrombocytopenia and aplastic
anemia have occurred on
prolonged treatment as have
peripheral
neuropathy,
myopathy, rashes and alopecia.
Hypertension, Edema
associated with CHF.
Hepatic/Renal diseases
including nephrotic
syndrome and acute
pulmonary edema.
Anuria, hepatic coma,

severe electrolyte
depletion. Concurrent
administration with Li.
Electrolyte imbalance in
prolonged treatment. Muscular
cramps. Skin rashes.
1.
Mild to
moderate urinary tract
infections caused by
Escherichia coli,
Klebsiella pneumoniae,
or Proteus mirabilis,
including cases related
to concurrent bacteremia
with these
microorganisms.
2.
Severe urinary
tract infections including
pyelonephritis caused by
E. coli or K. pneumoniae.
3.
Moderate to
severe pneumonia
caused by Streptococcus
pneumoniae,
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, K.
pneumoniae, or
Enterobacter species.
4.
Moderate to
severe uncomplicated
skin and skin-structure
infections caused bu
Staphylococcus aureus
Contraindicated
in
patients
hypersensitive to drug,
other cephalosporins,
penicillins, or other
beta-lactam
antibiotics.
Use
cautiously in patients
with history of GI
disease
(especially
colitis), impaired renal
function,
or
poor
nutritional status and
in those receiving a
protracted course of
antimicrobial therapy.
CNS: headache, pain, fever

CV: phlebitis
GI: colitis, diarrhea,
nausea, vomiting, oral
candidiasis
GU: vaginitis
Skin: rash, pruritus,
urticaria
Other: inflammation
Enalapril
Cilostazol (Pletaal)
40mg/tab
ACE
inhibitor.
Selectively
suppresses renin-angiotensinaldosterone
50mg tab OD
Gaviscon
Rabeprazole (Pariet)
Pinaverium bromide
(Eldicet)
20mg/tab OD
(methicillin-susceptible
strains) or Streptococcus
pyogenes.
5.
Empiric therapy
in febrile neutropenia
6.
Uncomplicated
and complicated urinary
tract infections,
uncomplicated skin and
skin-structure infections,
pneumonia.
Treatment
of
hypertension
and
congestive heart failure
Inhibits cellular cyclic AMP

phosphodiesterase III (PDE),
which result to increased
levels of cyclic AMP. Increase
in the level of cAMP in
platelets and blood vessels
causes vasodilatation and
inhibition of platelet
aggregation caused by
thrombin, ADP, collagen,
arachidonic acid, epinephrine
and shear stress
Antacids
Treatment of ischemic
symptoms including
ulceration, pain,
coldness of the
extremities in chronic
arterial occlusion.
Prevention of recurrence
of cerebral infarction
(excluding cardiogenic
cerebral embolism)
Suppresses gastric secretion

by
inhibiting
hydrogen/potassium ATPase
enzyme system in gastric
parietal cell; characterized as
gastric pump inhibitor since it
blocks finals step of acid
production.
For treatment of active

duodenal ulcer, beinign
gastric
ulcer,
anastomotic
ulcer,
symptomatic erosive or
ulcerative GERD, GERD
maintenance, eradication
of H. pylori in patients
with PUD, ZollingerEllison Syndrome (ZES)
and other pathological
hypersecretory
conditions
Symptomatic treatment
of pain, transit disorders
and intestinal discomfort
related
to
functional
Symptomatic treatment of
pain, transit disorders and
intestinal discomfort related to
functional
intestinal
Hypersensitivity.
History
of
angioneurotic edema.
Pregnancy
Hemorrhage in upper
GIT, UT, hemoptysis
and vitreous body.
CHF. Pregnancy and
lactation. History of
hypersensitivity.
Dizziness, headache, fatigue,

asthesia, hypotension, syncope,
nausea,
diarrhea,
muscle
cramps, rash, cough.
Rash, urticarial, palpitation,
tachycardia, gastric discomfort.
Hypersensitivity
to
sodium rabeprazole,
substituted
benzimidazoles or to
any excipient used in
formulation.
Pregnancy
and
lactation.
Headache, diarrhea, abdominal

pain, asthenia, flatulence, rash
and dry mouth, insomnia,
infection,
dizziness,
cough,
pharyngitis, rhinitis, diarrhea,
vomiting,nausea, constipation,
non-specific pain, back pain, flulike syndrome.
Pregnancy
lactation
Rare cases of minor GI

disturbances; isolated cases of
undersirable cutaneous effects,
one of which is of allergic
Treatment of symptoms
of GERD eg acid
regurgitation, heartburn
and indigestion due to
reflux of stomach
content.
and
FeSO4
500)
(Iberet-Folic-
Rowatinex
Activated dimethicone
(Disflatyl)
Acetylcysteine
(Fluimucil)
(Aspirin)
Paracetamol (Aeknil)
525mg/tab OD
disturbances;
symptomatic
treatment of pain related to
functional disturbances of the
biliary tract, preparation for a
barium enema
intestinal disturbances;
symptomatic treatment
of
pain
related
to
functional disturbances
of the biliary tract,
preparation for a barium
enema
Needed for adequate nerve

functioning, protein and
carbohydrate metabolism,
normal growth, RBC
development and cell
reproduction.
Fe and Vit B-complex

deficiency. Pre-natal,
intra-natal and post-natal
supplement
1 cap TID
1tab TID
Relieve flatulence by
dispersing and preventing
formation of gas pocket in the
GI system
600mg/200mg
Exerts mucolytic action

through its free sulfylhydryl
group which opens up the
disulfide bonds in the
mucoproteins thus lowering
mucous viscosity.
Antithrombotic,
sweating.
150mg/ml

Urolithiasis,
nephrolithiasis, cystitis,
renal colic, UTI, post-op
prophylaxis of calculi
Accumulation of gas in
the GIT, sensation of
pressure and fullness in
epigastrium; temporary
and post op meteorism;
gastro-cardiac
syndrome, in preparation
for xray exam before
gastroscopy
Acute and chronic
respiratory tract
infections with abundant
mucus secretions.
Prophylaxis of
thromboembolic
MI & stroke
Pyrexia of unknown
etiology.
Pernicious anemia
st
1
trimester
pregnancy
Gastric irritation
of
Phenylketonurics
Rarely, urticaria, bronchospasm,

nausea and vomiting.
Use with caution in

patients prone to
gastric mucosa. Do
not administer to
patients with
recommended to
infants <1 year.
and particularly in
children who are
dehydrated
Anemia, cardiac &
pulmonary disease.
Gastric hemorrhage,

allergic reactions
Allopurinol
(Allomaron, Allurase,
Alpurase,
Elavil,
Llanol,
Lopric,
Lopurine,
Loricid,
Purinase)

center
300mg / tab Adult 2-10 mg/kg

BW/day.
Mild 100-200 mg daily.
Moderately severe 300-600 mg
daily
Absorption of most oral

penicillins is impaired by food
(except amoxicillin), and
should be administered 1-2
hours before a meal.
Intravenous route is preferred
because of irritation and local
pian produced by the
intramuscular injection of large
doses. Penicillin is rapidly
excreted by the kidney into the
urine, small amounts excreted
via other routes
Almitrine is a peripheral
chemoreceptor agonist that is
used as a respiratory stimulant
in acute respiratory failure
such as COPD. It is believed
to improve oxygenation by
enhancing the ventilation
perfusion mismatch.
Causes the formation of
qualitatively different mucus of
lower viscosity by the mucussecreting cells and thus leads
to a liquefaction of the mucus
in the lumen of the respiratory
tract
a secreolytic. It causes the
formation of the qualitative
different mucus of the lower
mucus-secreting cells and
thus leads to the liquefication
of the mucus in the lumenof
the respiratory tract.
Inhibits Ca++ ions from the
entering the slow channels of
select voltage-sensitive areas
of vascular smooth muscle
Almitrine
30mg/tab q8
Ambroxol
Cap: 75mg
1cap TID
Susp: 30mg/5ml
0.5~5ml TID
Ambroxol
(Mucosolvan)
Amlodipine (Amvasc)
30mg/5ml
5mg/tab OD

other conditions.
pain, arthritis &
toothache
Hepatic or severe
renal disease

Hepatic or renal
impairment (reduce
dose). Initiate therapy
after acute gout attack
has subsided
reactions (discontinue). Acute
attack of gouty arthritis in early
stages of therapy. GI
disturbance. Blood & lymphatic
system disorders. Fever,
general malaise, headache,
vertigo, ataxia.
Minor age-related
neurological disorders.
Some visual disorders
related to the circulation.
Some disorders of the
inner ear related to the
circulation
Concurrent
administration with
MAOIs.

distress, peptic ulceration,
headache, nausea, peripheral
angioedema, tinnitus, edema.
Acute & chronic

diseases of the
respiratory tract with
pathologically thickened
mucus & impaired
mucus transport
1 trimester of
pregnancy
Mild GI disturbance eg nausea,

vomiting & diarrhea
respiratory tract disease

associated with
abnormal mucus
secretions, especially in
exacerbation of
asthmatic bronchitis and
chronic bronchitis
Hypertension, Angina,
myocardial ischemia.
Reduce the risk of
coronary
mild GI effects and

allergic reactions
mild GI effects and allergic

reactions
Known sensitivity to
dihydropyridines
Headache, edema, fatigue,

somnolence, nausea, abdominal
pain, flushing, palpitations,
dizziness. Asthenia, vasodilation
st
Amlodipine (Norvasc)
Amino acids
(Dipeptiven)
Amoclav
Clavulanic
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin
Ampicillin
5mg/tab OD
1.5-2ml/kg BW/day, max 3 wk
1 g tab once a day

acid
500 mg/ cap P.O
and myocardium during

depolarization, producing
relaxation of coronary vascular
smooth muscle and coronary
vasodilation; increases
myocardial oxygen delivery in
patients with vasospastic
angina.
Inhibits Ca++ ions from the
entering the slow channels of
select voltage-sensitive areas
of vascular smooth muscle
and myocardium during
depolarization, producing
relaxation of coronary vascular
smooth muscle and coronary
vasodilation; increases
myocardial oxygen delivery in
patients with vasospastic
angina.
As a supplement to amino acid
solutions or an amino acidcontaining infusion regimen in
parenteral nutrition for
hypercatabolic or
hypermetabolic patients
inactivation.
revascularization.
Hypertension, Angina,
myocardial ischemia.
Reduce the risk of
coronary
revascularization.

inactivation.
Respiratory tract, skin &

soft tissue infections
Ampicillin acts as a
competitive inhibitor of the
enzyme transpeptidase.
Transpeptidase is needed by
bacteria to make their cell
walls
Respiratory tract
infections, bacterial
meningitis, septicemia
and endocarditis, urinary
tract infections,
gastrointestinal
infections,
and epistaxis.
Known sensitivity to
dihydropyridines
Monitor hepatic
function in patients
with compensated
Pregnancy and
lactation , children
Contraindicated in
hypersensitivity.
Superinfections
involving
pseudomonas or
candida. Pregnancy
and lactation
Contraindicated in
hypersensitivity.
Superinfections
involving
pseudomonas or
candida. Pregnancy
and lactation.
Hypersensitivity to
drugs,
pseudomembranous
colitis
Headache, edema, fatigue,

somnolence, nausea, abdominal
pain, flushing, palpitations,
dizziness. Asthenia, vasodilation
and epistaxis.
Diarrhea, nausea, skin rashes,

urticaria, vaginitis, abdominal
discomfort, flatulence, headache

skin rashes, urticaria, vaginitis,
itching, nausea, vomiting,

candidiasis, fatigue, malaise,
headache, chest pain,
flatulence, abdominal
distension, glossitis, urine
retention, dysuria, edema, facial
swelling, erythema, chills,
tightness in throat, substernal
pain, epistaxis and mucosal
bleeding.
Chlorphenamine
maleate
(Antamin)
Asparaginase
(Elspar,
Oncaspar,
Erwinase)
10 mg IV

respiratory tract
Adults and children: 200 IU/KG

intravenously daily for 28 days
Asparaginase interferes with

malignant cell growth by
breaking down asparagine to
aspartic acid and ammonia as
leukemic cells are unable to
synthesise asparagine and
depends on exogenous source
of asparagine for survival. It
acts on the G1 phase of the
cell cycle.
Competitively and selectively
blocks stimulation of beta1adrenergic receptor within
vascular smooth muscle to
produce negative chronotropic
and positive inotropic activity.
It also decreases RAAS at
high doses and inhibits beta2receptors in brochial system at
higher doses.
Blocks the action of
acetylcholine at
parasympathetic sites in
smooth muscle, secretory
glands and the CN; Increases
cardiac output, dries
secretions, antagonizes
histamine and seotonin
Atorvastatin Ca
Lipitor
10 mg/tab
Atenolol
250mg/tab
Atropine
1amp q3min
Atropine sulfate
1 drop 3 times a day at left eye
mechanism of action involves

blocking the contraction of the
Allergy, allergic rhinitis,

bronchial asthma,
vasomotor rhinitis,
dermatoses of allergic
etiology, urticaria, drug
sensitization, serum
sickness, anaphylactic
shock, insect bites
Induction of remissions
in acute lymphoblastic
leukaemia
Lower resp tract

disease. Newborn or
premature infatns
Hypersenstivity.
Pregnancy: Use only if
potential benefit
justifies risk to the
fetus
Breast Feeding:
Discontinue nursing or
the drug
Sedation, lassitude, elation or

depression, irritability, paranoid
psychosis, delusion,
hallucination. Muscular
weakness, incoordination. GIT
disturbances. Headache,
tinnitus. Difficulty in micturition.
CV effects
thrombosis, CNS depression or
hyperexcitability, acute
apolipoprotein B &
HDL cholesterol in

pregnancy and
lactation.

edema
Hypertension, angina
pectoris, cardiac
arrhythmia, MI,
prophylaxis of migraine.
Metabolic acidosis,
sinus bradycardia,
partial heart block
Heart failure, heart block and

bronchospasm
Premd to general
anesth, to counteract
muscarinic effects of
anticholinesterases,
aystole &
electromechanical
dissociation,
bradycardia, antidote to
organophosphate
poisoning, antidote to
cholinomimetic poisoning
Mydriasis &/or
cycloplegia. For
Prostate enlargement,
paralytic ileus, pyloric
stenosis, angleclosure glaucoma &
narrow angle between
iris & cornea. Childrn
with high ambient
temp.
Dryness of the mouth & skin,

thirst, reduced bronchial
secretions, mydriasis,
cycloplegia, photophobia,
flushing, transcient bradycardia
then tachycardia, palpitations,
arrhythmia, difficulty in
micturition, constipation,
hyperthermia
Primary glaucoma or a
tendency toward
Prolonged use may produce

local irritation.
circular pupillary sphincter

muscle, which is normally
stimulated by acetylcholine
release, thereby allowing the
radial pupillary dilator muscle
to contract and dilate the pupil
Inhibits RNA-dependent
protein synthesis at the chain
elongation step; binds to the
50s ribosomal unit resulting in
blockage of transpeptidation.
Azithromycin
dihydrate
500mg/250mg
Azithromycin
(Zithromax)
500mg/tab OD
Inhibits RNA dependent

elongation step, binds to the
blockage of transpeptidation
2billion/5ml
1~2vials/day
Antidiarrheal
8 mg 1-2 tab TID
Anti-histamine with specific

cellular receptors located ont
the surface membrane

center
Stimulates enteric nerves to
cause colonic mass
movements
Bacillus clausal
(Erceflora)
Betahistine diHCl
(Serc)
Paracetamol
(Biogesic)
Bisacodyl
(Dulcolax)
1-2 tab at night
cycloplegic refraction, for

pupillary dilation desired
in acute inflammatory
conditions of the iris &
uveal tract.
glaucoma.
Hypersensitivity.
Upper and lower

respiratory tract
infections, skin and soft
tissue infections, otitis
media, STD due to
Chlamydia trachomatis &
uncomplicated genital
infections due to nonmultiresistant Neisseria
gonorrhoeae.
Respiratory tract
media, STD due to
N.gonnorhea,
prophylFaxis for MAC in
HIV,
Treatment of acute
14 days due to
duration of 14 days
Menieres disease,
Meniere-like syndrome
characterized by attacks
of vertigo, tinnitus &
sensorineural deafness,
peripheral vertigo
aches & pains
Hypersensitivity to
erythromycin and
other macrolide
antibiotics.
Nausea, abdominal discomfort,

vomiting, flatulence, diarrhea
and loose stools.
hypersensitivity
GI disturbances,
hypersensitivity, angioedema,
anaphylaxis, hearing
impairment, abnormal liver
function, dizziness, vertigo,
reduced cell counts
N/A
N/A
Pheochromocytoma,
bronchial asthma,
history of peptic ulcer
Mild gastric symptoms, rash,

pruritus, urticaria
Anemia, cardiac &

pulmonary disease.
Hepatic or severe
renal disease

disturbances
Ileus, intestinal
obstruction, acute
surgical abdominal
conditions, severe
dehydration
Rarely, abdominal discomfort

and diarrhea
Constipation.
Preparation for
radiography, antepartum,
postpartum care,
preparation for
sigmoidoscopy or
protoscopy or
colonoscopy,
Bromazepam
(Lexotan)
Brimonidine tartrate
2.0 mg/mL and
Timolol 5.0 mg/mL
eye drops
(COMBIGAN)
Candesartan
Cefalexin
1.5 mg/tab TID
1 drop every 12 hours
8mg, 16mg tablets
500mg/cap

chloride ions.
combines reversibly with a
part of the cell membrane, the
beta-adrenergic receptor, and
thus inhibits the usual
biological response that would
occur with stimulation of that
receptor.
predominant action may be
related to reduced aqueous
formation. A slight increase in
outflow facility was also
observed.
Blocks the vasoconstrictor and

aldosterone secreting effects
of angiotensin II; selectively
blocks the binding of
angiotensin II to the AT1
receptor found in the tissues.
Cephalexin, like the penicillins,
is a beta-lactam antibiotic. By
binding to specific penicillinbinding proteins (PBPs)
located inside the bacterial cell
wall, it inhibits the third and
last stage of bacterial cell wall
synthesis. Cell lysis is then
mediated by bacterial cell wall
autolytic enzymes such as
autolysins; it is possible that
cephalexin interferes with an
hemorrhoids and anal

fissures
depressive mood,
nervous tension,
respiratory system.
Adjuvant to
psychotherapy in
psychoneurosis
for the reduction of
elevated intraocular
pressure in patients with
open angle glaucoma or
ocular hypertension not
adequately responding
to monotherapy.
Hypetension
UTI, respiratory tract

illness, skin and soft
tissue infections, first line
treatment for cellulitis
Early pregnancy,
gravis

excitation.
in patients with
hypersensitivity to any
component of this
medication, in patients
receiving monoamine
oxidase (MAO)
inhibitor therapy, in
patients with
bronchospasm,
bronchial asthma or
patients with a history
or severe chronic
obstructive pulmonary
disease, in patients
with sinus
bradycardia, second
or third degree
atrioventricular block,
overt cardiac failure or
cardiogenic shock.
Very common (>1/10):

conjunctival hyperaemia,
burning sensation.
Common (>1/100, <1/10):
stinging sensation in the eye,
eye pruritus, allergic
conjunctivitis, conjunctival
folliculosis, visual disturbance,
blepharitis, epiphora, corneal
erosion, superficial punctate
keratitis, eye dryness, eye
discharge, eye pain, eye
irritation, foreign body sensation.
Pregnancy. Severe or
end-stage renal
impairment, children
Hypersensitivity to
cephalosporins or
penicillins
Headache, URTI, backpain,

dizziness, nausea
fever, headache,lethargy,
paresthesia, syncope, seizures,
edema,
hypotension,vasodilation,
palpitations, chest pain, hearing
loss, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
abdominal cramps, oral
candidiasis,
pseudomembranous colitis
vaginal candidiasis
nephrotoxicity, lymphocytosis,
eosinophilia, bleeding tendency,
autolysin inhibitor.
Cefazolin
0.5~1gram every 5~12 hours

Max 6g/day

of the penicillins
Cefoxitin sodium
(Monowel)
1g IV every 8 hours
Ceftriaxone
1~2 g once a daily
Active against g+ cocci

(pneumococci, streptococci
and staphylococci) and gorganisms. Active against B
fragilis and some Serratia
species but less active against
H influenzae. Exhibit in vitro
activity against enterobacter
species, but should not be
used to treat infections caused
by these organisms because
resistant mutants constitutively
express a chromosomal betalactamase that hydrolyzes
these compounds are readily
selected.
of the penicillins
Cefuroxime
(Zinnat)

IV, oral

of the penicillins
10 mg IV

respiratory tract
Chlorphenamine
maleate
(Antamin)
hemolytic anemia, neutropenia,

thrombocytopenia,
agranulocytosis, joint pain,
dyspnea, rash, maculopapular
urticaria, superinfection, chills,
pain, allergic reaction,
hypersensitivity reactions
anaphylaxis, serum sickness

2nd generation
cephalosporin
Lower respiratory tract.

Acute bacterial otitis
media, skin & skin
structure, urinary tract,
prophylaxis
Allergy, allergic rhinitis,

bronchial asthma,
vasomotor rhinitis,
dermatoses of allergic
etiology, urticaria, drug
Hypersensitivity to
cephalosporin
Shock, hypersensitivity reaction,

granulocytopenia, eosinophilia,
dizziness, malaise

urinary output due to
renal insufficiency.
Precaution when used
for neonates
thrombophlebitis,
maculopapular and
fever
Hypersensitivity to
cephalosporin
sickness-like fever, anaphylaxis,
ATN, acute intestinal nephritis
drug or other
nitroimidazole
derivatives and in
st
patients in 1 trimester
of pregnancy
necrolysis
Sedation, lassitude, elation or
depression, irritability, paranoid
psychosis, delusion,
hallucination. Muscular
weakness, incoordination. GIT
Lower resp tract

disease. Newborn or
premature infatns
Cinnarizine
Ciprofloxacin
(Ciprobay)
Ciprofloxacin HCl
Prozine
25mg/tab q12
500mg/tab q12 x 7 days
500mg / tab
Cystic fibrosis
Gonorrhea
500mg OD
Inhibits contractions of
vascular smooth muscle cells
by blocking calcium channels.
In addition to this
deformability and derdirect
calcium antagonism,
cinnarizine decreases the
contractile activity of
vasoactive substances. It may
further improve deficient
microcirculation by increasing
erythrocyte deformability and
decreasing blood viscosity.
Cellular resistance to hypoxia
is increased. Cinnarizine
inhibits stimulation of the
vestibular system which
results in suppression of
nystagmus and other
autonomic disturbances. Acute
episodes of vertigo can be
prevented or reduced by
cinnarizine.
Blocks bacterial DNA
synthesis by inhibiting
bacterial topoisomerase II
(DNA gyrase) and
topoisomerase IV
double-stranded DNA
sensitization, serum
sickness, anaphylactic
shock, insect bites
Maintenance therapy of
labyrinthine disorders,
cerebrovascular origin,
migraine. Prophylaxis of
motion sickness,
maintenance therapy for
symptoms of peripheral
circulation disorders.
For gram-negative
bacterial infections
Intra-abdominal
infections. Respiratory
tract, middle ear, sinus,
eyes, kidneys, Urinary
Tract genital abdomen,
skin & soft tissue
infections, bone & joints,
septicemia; infections in
patients with reduced
host defense & selective
intestinal
decontamination
inmmunocompromised
patients
Hypersensitivity
disturbances. Headache,
tinnitus. Difficulty in micturition.
CV effects
Somnolence & GI disturbance.
Aggravation or appearance of
extrapyramidal symptoms
(prolonged use in the elderly).
Hypersensitivity
Pregnancy and
lactation

headache, restlessness ,rash

S.aureus infections

Citicoline Na
Citicholine;
cytidine 5'diphosphocholine
Clarithromycin
(Klaricid)
500mg/cap
200-600 mg for head injury

Cerebrovascular disorders
Adult: 200-600 mg daily in
divided doses.
Oral
Parkinsonism
Adult: 200-600 mg daily in
divided doses.
Parenteral
7.5 mg/kg bid up to a max 500
mg bid. Usual duration: 5-10
days
Clonidine
(Catapres)

mg/24 hrs
Clopidogrel
75 mg OD
A derivative of choline and

cytidineinvolved in the
synthesis of lecithin. It is
claimed to increase blood flow
and oxygen consumption in
the brain.
Citicoline increases blood flow
and O2 consumption in the
brain. It is also involved in the
biosynthesis of lecithin
Clarithromycin prevents
bacteria from growing by
interfering with their protein
synthesis. Clarithromycin
binds to the subunit 50S of the
bacterial ribosome and thus
inhibits the translation of
peptides. Clarithromycin has
similar antimicrobial spectrum
as erythromycin but is more
effective against certain gramnegative bacteria, particularly
Legionella pneumophila.
Besides this bacteriostatic
effect, clarithromycin also has
bactericidal effect on certain
strains such as Haemophilus
influenzae, Streptococcus
pneumoniae and Neisseria
gonorrhoeae..
pressure
Inhibits platelet aggregation by
irreversibly blocking the ADP
receptor on platelets.
of cystic fibrosis,
gastroenteritis,
tract infection
Cerebrovascular
disorder including
ischemic stroke,
parkinsonism, and head
injury
hemolytic anemia or
BUN
Parasympathetic
hypertonia
Stomach pain, diarrhea,

hypotension, tachycardia,
bradycardia
Head injury
Cerebrovascular
disorders
Parkinsonism
Cerebrovascular
disorders
hypersensitivity
reaction
Parasympathetic
hypertonia.
Stomach pain, diarrhea;

bradycardia.
Upper & lower resp tract,

acute otitis media, skin &
soft tissue infections.
Disseminated or
localized mycobacterial
infections due to
Mycobacterium avium or
Mycobacterium
intracellulare
Known
hypersensitivity to
macrolides.
Concomitant use of
clarithromycin w/
astemizole, cisapride,
pimozide, terfenadine
& ergotamine or
dihydroergotamine.
Patients receiving
terfenadine therapy w/
preexisting cardiac
abnormalities or
electrolyte
disturbances
Nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia,

abdominal pain, taste
perversion, diarrhea, headache
& skin rash.
Decrease dose with

renal insufficiency

Severe liver
impairment, peptic
ulcer and intracranial
hemorrhage, lactation,
GI bleeding, mucocutaneous
bleeding, intracranial and ocular
hemorrhage, abdominal pain,
dyspepsia, rash, pruritus.
For the reduction of

atherosclerotic events
evidenced by recent
stroke, MI, or established
Cloxacillin
(oxacillin)
Na
500mg tab q4
It acts as a competitive
inhibitor of the enzyme
transpeptidase.
walls
Levocetilizine
and
Monteulast (Co-altria)
q HS
Montelukast: The cysteinyl

leukotrienes (LTC4, LTD4 and
LTE4) are potent inflammatory
eicosanoids released from
various cells including mast
cells and eosinophils. These
important mediators bind to
cysteinyl leukotriene
receptors. Cysteinyl
leukotrienes have been
correlated with the
pathophysiology of asthma
and allergic rhinitis. In asthma,
leukotriene-mediated effects
include bronchoconstriction,
mucous secretion, vascular
permeability and eosinophil
recruitment. In allergic rhinitis,
cysteinyl leukotrienes are
released from the nasal
mucosa after allergen
exposure during both earlyand late-phase reactions and
are associated with symptoms
of allergic rhinitis. Intranasal
challenge with cysteinyl
leukotrienes has been shown
to increase nasal airway
resistance and symptoms of
nasal obstruction. Montelukast
is an orally active compound
which binds with high affinity
and selectivity to the cysteinyl
PAD. For the treatment

of nonST-segment
elevation acute coronary
syndrome, patients
undergoing stent
placement following
PTCI in combination with
ASA for thrombolysis.
Treatment of infections
due to staphylococci
resistant to
benzylpenicillin including
infection of skin & soft
tissue, bones & joints,
resp & urinary tacts,
otitis media,
endocarditis, septicemia,
& meningitis
Relief of symptoms
associated with seasonal
and perennial allergic
rhinitis.
patients with
hereditary galactose
intolerance.
Hypersensitivity to
penicillins
Patients with a known

hypersensitivity to
montelukast or
levocetirizine, severe
renal (CrCl <10
mL/min) or hepatic
6-11 years with renal
impairment.
Gi disturbances
Dyspepsia, Dizziness, Nasal

congestion, Rash, Somnolence,
Dry mouth, fatigue, agitation,
convulsion
Co-amoxiclav
(Augmentin)
625mg / cap
BID or TID
Brimonidine tartrate
2.0 mg/mL and
Timolol 5.0 mg/mL
eye drops
(COMBIGAN)
Ipratropum Br
salbutamol
(Combivent)
and
1 drop every 12 hours
2.5ml vial
leukotriene type 1 receptor

thereby preventing cysteinyl
leukotrienes from exerting
their effects.
Levocetirizine: The active
enantiomer of cetirizine is an
antihistamine. Its principal
effects are mediated via
selective inhibition of H1
receptors. The antihistamine
activity of levocetirizine has
been documented in a variety
of animal and human models
Clavunate blocks the beta
lactamae enzymes, thus,
rendering the organisms
sensitive to the amoxicillins
rapid bactericidal effect at
concentrations readily
attainable in the body.
Clavunalate by itself has little
bactericidal activity; however,
in association with amoxicillin,
it produces an antibiotic agent
of broad spectrum
combines reversibly with a
part of the cell membrane, the
beta-adrenergic receptor, and
thus inhibits the usual
biological response that would
occur with stimulation of that
receptor.
predominant action may be
related to reduced aqueous
formation. A slight increase in
outflow facility was also
observed.
Antiasthmatic & COPD

preparation
Infections of the upper

and lower respiratory
tract, GUT, skin & soft
tissue, bone & joint,
septic abortion,
puerperal sepsis, intraabdominal sepsis, dental
infection
Hypersensitivity to
penicillins and
cephalosphorins or
other allergen,
possible cross
sensitivity with other lactams. History of
penicillin-associated
cholestatic jaundicehepatic dysfunction.
Side effects are uncommon and

mainly of a mild and transitory
nature
for the reduction of

elevated intraocular
pressure in patients with
open angle glaucoma or
ocular hypertension not
adequately responding
to monotherapy.
in patients with
hypersensitivity to any
component of this
medication, in patients
receiving monoamine
oxidase (MAO)
inhibitor therapy, in
patients with
bronchospasm,
bronchial asthma or
patients with a history
or severe chronic
obstructive pulmonary
disease, in patients
with sinus
bradycardia, second
or third degree
atrioventricular block,
overt cardiac failure or
cardiogenic shock.
Hypertrophic
obstructive
cardiomyopathy or
tachycarrhythmia.
History of
Very common (>1/10):

conjunctival hyperaemia,
burning sensation.
Common (>1/100, <1/10):
stinging sensation in the eye,
eye pruritus, allergic
conjunctivitis, conjunctival
folliculosis, visual disturbance,
blepharitis, epiphora, corneal
erosion, superficial punctate
keratitis, eye dryness, eye
discharge, eye pain, eye
irritation, foreign body sensation.
Management of
revesible bronchospasm
associated with
obstructive airway
disease in patients who
Fine tremor of skeletal muscle;

palpitations; headache,
dizziness, nervousness; dryness
of mouth, throat irritation; urinary
retention
require more than a

single bronchodilator
Cotrimoxazole
Pethidine or
meperidine
(Demerol)
Dexamethasone
Dextromethorphan
HBr
Guafenesin
(Robitussin DM)
160mg/tabBID
50 to 150 mg every three hours
5mg IV
TID
SMZ inhibits formation of

dihydrofolic acid from PABA,
TMP inhibits dihydrofolate
reductase blocking the
synthesis of tetrahydro folic
acid
acting as an agonist at the opioid receptor.
it has local anesthetic activity
related to its interactions with
sodium ion channels.
Decreases inflammation by
suppression of migration of
PMN leukocytes and reversal
of increased capillary
permeability ; suppresses
normal immune response
Controls cough by depressing
the medullary cough center
UTI,RTI, skin infections,

septicemia, GUT and
GIT infections

moderate to severe pain
Cerebral edema due to

malignancy
Severe shock
Diclofenac K
(Cataflam)
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
GI upsets and Steven Johnson

Syndrome
in patients who are

receiving monoamine
oxidase (MAO)
inhibitors or those who
have recently received
such agents
Neonate and infant
constipation, dry mouth,

lightheadedness, twitchiness,
muscular twitches, and nausea
Dizziness, GI disturbances.
5-20 mg OD
Facilitates the action of GABAA in the central nervous

system thereby acts in
preventing spasticity.
anxiety, agitation and
tension, as adjunct in
organic neuropsychotic
states and reflex muscle
spasm due to local
trauma.
Patients at risk of
developing resp
failure. During an
acute attack. Patients
receiving MAOI or for
2 wk after
discontinuing them.
Persistent or chronic
cough.
Dependence on other
substances like
alcohol except in
management of acute
withdrawal
reactions.Severe
chronic hypercapnia.
50~150mg /day
Nonsteroidal
0.25mg/tab
Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside

which has positive inotropic
activity characterized by an
increase in the force of
myocardial contraction. It also
reduces the conductivity of the
heart through the
atrioventricular (AV) node.

dysmenorrheal,
migraine, adnexitis
Adult: PO Heart failure;
Supraventricular
arrhythmias<>D> Rapid
digitalisation: Loading
dose: 0.75-1.5 mg in the
1st 24 hr. Slow
digitilisation: 250 mcg 12 times/day. Uusal
Known
hypersensitivity to
diclofenac or other
NSAIDs, gastric or
intestinal ulcer
Digitalis toxicity,
ventricular
tachycardia/fibrillation,
obstructive
cardiomyopathy.
Arrhythmias due to
accessory pathways
(e.g. Wolff-Parkinson-
Cough suppressant.
Diazepam
hypersensitivity to
soya lecithin or related
food products
Liver
damage,pregnancy
Risk of osteoporosis and

spontaneous fracture, muscle
wasting, nitrogen depletion,
hyperglycemia
Mild to moderate nausea,

vomiting, abdominal pain,
dyspepsia, flatulence, diarrhoea,
cramping; angioedema,
cholestatic jaundice; dizziness,
headache, vertigo, somnolence;
transient elevations of liver
enzyme values.
Extra beats, anorexia, nausea

and vomiting. Diarrhoea in
elderly, confusion, dizziness,
drowsiness, restlessness,
nervousness, agitation and
amnesia, visual disturbances,
gynaecomastia, local irritation
(IM/SC inj), rapid IV admin may
Digoxin also exerts direct

action on vascular smooth
muscle and indirect effects
mediated primarily by the
autonomic nervous system
and an increase in vagal
activity.
Diltiazem HCl
Dilzem
90 mg/ tab OD
Calcium antagonist
conduction
Gliclazide
(Diamicron MR)
30 mg tab OD
Inhibiting ATP-sensitive
potassium channels in
pancreatic beta cells. This
inhibition causes cell
membrane depolarization,
which causs voltagedependent calcium channels
to open, which causes an
increase in intracellular
calcium in the beta cell, which
stimulates insulin release.
H1 receptor antagonist /
Antihistamine
respiratory tract
Tramadol acts as a -opioid
receptor agonist, serotonin
releasing agent,
norepinephrine reuptake
inhibitor, NMDA receptor
antagonist, 5-HT2C receptor
antagonist, (7)5 nicotinic
acetylcholine receptor
antagonist, and M1 and M3
muscarinic acetylcholine
receptor antagonis
Diphenhydramine
(Benadryl)
Tramadol HCl and

paracetamol (Dolcet)
50mg/mL for injection
1-2 tab 4-6 hrly. Max: 8 tab/day.
maintenance: 125-250
mcg/day. IV Emergency
heart failure For patients
who have not received
cardiac glycosides in the
previous 2 wk: 0.5-1 mg
via infusion as a single
dose or in divided doses.
Maintenance: Usually via
oral admin.
White syndrome).
lead to vasocostriction and

transient hypertension.
Potentially Fatal: Cardiac
arrhythmias in combination with
heart block.

nd
rd
2 or 3 degree AV
block, hypotension,
pregnancy acute MI

CNS: dizziness,
Hypoglycemic manifestations,
skin reactions, GI disorders
Type 2 Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes,
ketoacidosis, diabetic
precoma, severe renal
or hepatic impairment,
Co-adminstration w/
miconazole

sickness
conjunctivitis, inpruritic
skin disorder
Moderate to severe pain.
GIT ulceration or
inflammation
Acute intoxication w/
alcohol, hypnotics,
narcotics, centrallyacting analgesics,
opioids or
psychotropic drugs.
Hypersensitivity.
CNS & GI disturbances.

Nausea, dizziness, somnolence.
Asthenia, fatigue, hot flushes,
constipation, diarrhea,
flatulence, dry mouth, pruritus,
increased sweating, tinnitus.
Domperidone
(Motilium)
Doxorubicin
(Adriblastina, Adrim,
Axibin,
Caelyx,
Dactorubin, Rubidox)
Dopamine HCl
Doxycycline
10mg, 1mg/ml
1tab TID

transit time
Doxorubicin prevents DNA

replication. The exact
mechanism is still being
studied, but it may be a
"topoisomerase inhibitor".
Topoisomerases are enzymes
that temporarily cut one strand
of DNA during replication to
help unwind the double helix..
Doxorubicin prevents the
topoisomerase from
reattaching the cut ends
A myocardial inotropic agent
which may increase
mesenteric and renal blood
flow plus urinary output
IV 60-75 mg/m as single dose

at 21 day interval
40 drops per min
100mg/tab
inhibition of protein synthesis,

making them bacteriostatic
Dyspeptic symptom
delayed gastric
emptying, GERD,
satiety, feeling of
mouth. Nausea &
Correction of
hemodynamic
imbalances present in
the shock sndrome due
to MI, trauma, endotoxic
septicemia, open heart
surgery, renal failure &
chronic cardiac
decompensation as in
CHF, hypotension
Allergy to penicillin
Allergy to penicillin -
GI hemorrhage,
mechanical
obstruction or
pituitary tumor
intolerance to the
drug.

Close observation is
required esp during
initial treatment.
Monitor cardiac
function.
Myelosuppression &
immunosuppression.
Hepatic impairment,
obesity &
extravasation
Myelosuppression & leucopenia.
Dehydration & facial flushing
Patients w/
Ventricular arrhythmia, ectopic
pheochromocytoma,
beats, tachycardia, anginal pain,
presence of
palpitation, cardiac conduction
uncorrected
abnormalities, widened ORS
tachyarrthmias or
complex, bradycardia,
ventricular fibrillation.
hypotension, HTN &
Those w known
vascoconstrition; dyspnea,
allergy to corn & corn
nausea, vomiting, azotemia,
products & sulfite
headache, anxiety, piloerection;
sensitivie patients. IV
gangrene of the extremities.
soln may cause fluid
overloading leading to
dilution of secrum
electrolyte conc,
overhydration,
congested states of
pulmonary edema.
Excess administration
of K-free soln
Pregnancy,
Dermatologic: Photosensitivity
breastfeeding and in Gastrointestinal: Drug-induced
agents. Doxycycline inhibits

Secondary syphilis,
both the 70S and the 80S unit
Anthrax
of bacterial and mammalian
Anthrax;
ribosomes, respectively, with
Prophylaxis
more sensitivity for the
Bacterial
former. They reversibly bind
infectious disease,
to the smaller 30S subunit of
Chlamydial
the 70S unit at the A-site,
infection
preventing the attachment of
Cholera,
the amino acyl tRNA. This
Epididymo-orchitis,
irreversible binding leads to
acute Gonorrhea,
the termination of the
Uncomplicated
translation process
Granuloma inguinale
Prophylaxis
Nongonococcal
urethritis , Pelvic
inflammatory disease
Postexposure;
Treatment and
Prophylaxis
children less than 8

years of age
10mg/supp
5mg sup
5mg/tab
Rarely, abdominal discomfort

& diarrhoea.
Ileus, intestinal
obstruction, acute
surgical abdominal
conditions; severe
dehydration.
Appendicitis & acute
inflammatory bowel
diseases
Rarely, abdominal discomfort &

diarrhoea.
Isoxsuprine HCl
(Duvadilan)
10mg/tab
Recent arterial
hemorrhage, heart
disease, severe
anemia
Transient palpitations, fall in BP,

dizziness. Skin rash
Duxaril
Tab BID
a -adrenoceptor agonist with

selectivity of action for the
smooth muscles of the blood
vessels, particularly the
cerebral vessels and the
deeper vessels of the limbs. In
higher doses, isoxsuprine has
a relaxant action on the
smooth muscles of the uterus.
Isoxsuprine also has a
beneficial effect on blood
viscosity.
Antihypoxic drug with actions
of almitrine-raubasine:
Increase in the arterial partial
pressure of oxygen (PaO2);
Increase in the arterial
saturation of oxygen (SaO2);
Decrease in the arterial
Constipation. Prep for

radiography; antepartum
& postpartum care; prep
for sigmoidoscopy or
proctoscopy;
colonoscopy;
hemorrhoids & anal
fissures. All conditions
w/c require defacation to
be facilitated.
Treatment of circulatory
disorders & uterine
hypermotility.
Minor age-related
nurological disorders.
Some visual disorders
related to the circulation
(hearing loss, dizziness,
buzzing sounds in the
ear).
Avoid concurrent
adminstration of
almitrine-raubasine w/
MAOIs
Have been occasionally

reported during long-term
treatment: wt loss, peripheral
neuropathy should lead to
treatment withdrawl. Mild GI
disorders, sleep disturbances,
drowsiness, agitation, anxiety,
Bisacodyl
(Dulcolax)
gastrointestinal disturbance
Renal: Serum blood urea
nitrogen raised
desaturation during effort, a

dynamic control considered as
one of the best techniques
currently available to assess
the efficacy of an antihypoxic
molecule; Increase of the
blood level of 2,3diphosphoglycerate, a factor of
oxygen availability in the
arterial blood; Increase in the
metabolism of the cerebral
tissue as demonstrated, during
the glucose test, by the
analysis of the cortical active
Dydrogesterone
(DUPHASTON)
Enoxaparin
(Clexane)
sodium
10mg/tab
Dydrogesterone is
characterised by
progestational and antioestrogenic activity. This is
demonstrated by its ability to
induce a secretory
transformation in the
endometrium of immature or
ovariectomised animals after
they have been primed with
oestrogens (cf. the Clauberg
test). The oral progestogenic
potency of dydrogesterone is
20 times higher than that of
progesterone. The
progestational efficacy and
potency of dydrogesterone
was confirmed by standard
test (i.e. delay of menses and
induction of withdrawal
bleeding). The benefits of
oestrogen or other target
organs are not compromised
by dydrogesterone
Causes higher anti-factor Xa
to antithrombin activities (antifactor IIa) ration than heparin,
which may prevent thrombosis
palpitation, dizziness
Irregular duration of
cycles and irregular
occurrence and duration
of periods caused by
progesterone deficiency.
Combined with an
estrogenic substance,
Duphaston can be
applied in secondary
amenorrhoea,
dysfunctional uterine
bleeding and postmenopausal complaints
where endogenous
progesterone deficiency
is implicated
Duphaston should not

be given to patients
with undiagnosed
vaginal bleeding nor to
those with a history of
thromboembolic
disorder
Breakthrough bleeding
(prevented by increasing the
dosage). Altered liver function
w/ asthenia or malaise, jaundice
& abdominal pain. Allergic rash,
pruritus, urticaria
Prophylaxis of venous
thromboembolitic
disease. Treatment of
deep vein thrombosis,
unstable angina and
non-Q wave myocardial
infarction.
Use with caution in

patients prone to
gastric mucosa. Do
not administer to
patients with
recommended to
infants <1 year.
Derma: local eythema, Hema:

hemorrhage, thrombocytopenia,
anemia, Other: local irritation
and pain; hematoma; nausea,
peripheral edema
Epinephrine Hcl
1amp q3
Erceflora
Bacillus clausal
Susp: 2billion/5ml
1~2vials/day
Ercefuryl
Nifuroxazide
An adrenergic agent that has

an excitatory action on smooth
muscles of the blood vessels
in the skin and mucous
membranes, inhibitory actions
of smooth muscles of the wall
of gastrointestinal tract,
bronchial tree and the blood
vessels supplying the skeletal
muscles, cardiac excitatory
action on the rate and force of
contraction, metabolic actions
on glycogenolysis in the liver
and muscle, modulating action
on the secretion of insulin,
rennin, pituitary hormones and
excitatory CBS actions
particularly on respiration,
wakefulness and feeling of
satiety
Antidiarrheal
Cap: 200mg
1cap QID
Susp: 220mg/5ml
5mlTID, 10ml divide by 3/d
Antidiarrheal
Esomeprazole
(Nexium)
40 mg/tab OD
Eterocoxib
(Arcoxia)
120mg/tab OD
Proton pump inhibitor which

suppresses gastric acid
secretion by inhibition of the
+ +
H /K ATPase in the gastric
parietal cell
Inhibits prostaglanded
activity of the enzyme
cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2),
which results in decreased
formation of prostaglandin
precursors.
Cardiac stimulant in case

of collapse, shock &
anesth accidents.
Hemostatic in
hemorrhages. Prolongs
action of infiltration
anesth agent. Urticaria.
Treatment of acute
14 days due to
duration of 14 days
Acute diarrhea; food
poisoning; salmonella
infections, bacillary
dysentery; tourist
diarrhea & its
prophylaxis;
inflammatory colitis
For erosive reflux
esophagitis,symptomatic
Tx of GERD, upper GI
symptoms,assoc. with
NSAID therapy
For relief of acute or
chronic pain.
and particularly in
children who are
dehydrated
Cardiac arrhythmia,
tachycardia >140
bpm, severe HTN,
narrow angle
glaucoma, anesth w/
halogenated
hydrocarbon f
cyclopropane, w/ local
anesth of finger or toe,
woman in labor,
cardiac dilation &
coronary insufficiency
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Children <12yrs
lactation
Headache, abdominal
pain,diarrhea,flatulence,nausea,
and vomiting
Advanced renal
disease; preexisting
edema, hypertension
or heart failure; liver
dysfunction; previous
acute asthmatic
attacks, urticaria or
rhinitis precipitated by
ALT & AST
Mosapride
(Gasmotin)
Citrate
Erceflora
Bacillus clausal
Felodipine
Ferrous Sulfate
Flenax forte
Furosemide
(Fremid,
Fretic,
Frusema, Furoscan,
Fusimex, Lasix)
50 mg/tab
Prokinetic drugs/ anti flatulents
2billion/5ml
1~2vials/day
Antidiarrheal
5 mg/tab
OD
Dihydropiridine derivative,
calcium antagonist; interfere
with voltagedependent L-type
calcium channels in
membranes of smooth muscle
cells
Replaces iron, found in
hemoglobin, myoglobin, and
other enzymes; allows the
transportation of oxygen via
hemoglobin
1 tablet/day
550mg / tab BID
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory
Drugs ( NSAIDs)
Initially 20-40 mg IV/IM. If

diuretic effect is not satisfactory,
dose may be increased
stepwise, at 2-hrly interval by 20
mg each time until satisfactory
diuresis is obtained, the dose
should then be given once-bid
Frusemide primarily inhibits

sodium and chloride
absorption in the thick
ascending limb of the loop of
Henle
Treatment of GIT
symptoms associated
with functional dyspepsia
and chronic gastritis
(heartburn, nausea,
vomiting)
Treatment of acute
14 days due to
duration of 14 days
Treatment of
hypertension and angina
pectoris
Iron deficiency anemia
Relief of mild to
moderately sever pain &
fever w/ or w/o
inflammation eg
post-op pain & post
dental extraction
Edema due to cardiac,
hepatic or renal
disorders. Mild to
moderate hypertension
salicylates or
nonselective COX
inhibitors
GI hemorrhage,
mechanical
obstruction or
perforation.
hypersensitivity
Diarrjea, loose stools, dry

mouth, malaise,
N/A
N/A
Pregnancy, unstable
angina, significant
aortic
Ferrous sulfate (or

other oral iron
products) are
considered
contraindicated in
patients with
hemosiderosis,
hemochromotosis,
hemolytic anemias, or
known hypersensitivity
to any component of
the product.
Aspirin or other
NSAIDs induced
asthma, rhinitis or
urticaria. Children
under 2 y/o
manifest diabetes
mellitus, gout,
obstruction of urinary
passages; hepatic
cirrhosis w/
concomitant renal
insufficiency;
hypoproteinaemia;
premature infant.
GI irritation & abdominal pain w/

nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or
constipation.

distress, GI reaction, peptic
ulceration, HA, nausea,
peripheral edema
dehydration,
hemoconcentration;
metabolic acidosis; increase of
blood lipid levels, urea, uric acid;
reduced glucose tolerance;
hearing disorders, tinnitus;
pancreatitis, GI symptoms;
fever, vasculitis, interstitial
Gabapentin
Gatifloxacin (Zymar)
Gentamycin
300 mg/tab OD
1 drop every two hours on the

left eye
1~1.7mg/kg every 8 hours
Gliclazide
(Diamicron MR)
30 mg tab OD
Glipizide (Minidiab)
5mg/tab OD
Hexetidine (Bactidol)
Gabapentin is structurally
related to the neurotransmitter
GABA but is neither a GABA
agonist nor antagonist.
Gabapentin-binding sites have
been identified throughout the
brain tissues e.g. neocortex
and hippocampus. However,
the exact mechanism of action
is still unknown.
antibiotic of the fourthgeneration fluoroquinolone
family, that like other members
of that family, inhibits the
bacterial enzymes DNA
gyrase and topoisomerase IV
Aminoglycoside
Inhibiting ATP-sensitive
potassium channels in
pancreatic beta cells. This
inhibition causes cell
membrane depolarization,
which causs voltagedependent calcium channels
to open, which causes an
increase in intracellular
calcium in the beta cell, which
stimulates insulin release.
Stimulates insulin release from
the pancreatic beta cells,
reduces glucose output from
the liver; insulin sensitivity is
increased at peripheral target
sites.
gargle
mechanism of action of
chlorhexidine on bacteria,
which involves the disruption
of bacterial cell membrane.
Hydrocortisone
Corticosteroids enter the cell
nephritis; hemolytic or aplastic

anemia, leukocytopenia,
agranulocytosis,
thrombocytopenia
Somnolence, dizziness, ataxia,
fatigue, nystagmus, tremor,
diplopia, amblyopia, pharyngitis,
dysarthria, paresthesia,
arthralgia, purpura, anxiety, UTI.
Treatment of partial
seizures with or without
secondary generalization
, neuropathic pain.
Adjunctive therapy in
patients unresponsive to
or intolerant of standard
anticonvulsant.
Absence seizure.
Treatment of bacterial
conjunctivitis caused by
susceptible strains of
both gm+ve & gm-ve
microorganisms.
Diabetes
Conjunctival irritation, increased

lacrimation, keratitis & papillary
conjunctivitis.
Bone & joint infection.

CNS. Burn & wound
infection. UTI. Acute &
chronic suppurative otitis
media, pneumonia,
septicemia * sinusitis
Type 2 Diabetes
Hypersensitivity to
amynoglycosides

numbness, skin tingling, muscle
twitching, respiratory
depression, lethargy, confusion.
Type 1 diabetes,
ketoacidosis, diabetic
precoma, severe renal
or hepatic impairment,
Co-adminstration w/
miconazole
Hypoglycemic manifestations,
skin reactions, GI disorders
IDDM, keto-acidosis,
diabetic coma,
gangrene, severe
trauma, infection or
febrile status
Leukopenia, agranulocytosis,
thrombocytopenia, hemolytic
anemia,pancytopenia.
Adjunct to diet in patients

with Type 2 diabetes
when proper dietary
management alone has
failed
Minor sore throat;
halitosis; general oral
hygiene; improves
appearance of mouth
tissues; protects tooth
surfaces against
formation of decay acids.
Transient numbness & alteration

in taste may occur.
Corticosteroids may
Sodium retention, fluid retention,
sodium succinate
(Solu-cortef)
and bind to cytosolic receptors

that transport the steoid into
the nucleus. The steroidreceptor complex alters gene
expression by binding to
glucocorticoid response
elements (GREs) or
mineralocorticoid-specific
elements. Tissue-specific
responses to steroids are
made possible by the
presence in each tissue of
different protein regulators that
control the interaction between
the hormone-receptor complex
and particular response
elements
mask some signs of

infection, and new
infections may appear
during their use. There
may be decreased
resistance and inability
to localize infection
when corticosteroids
are used. Prolonged
use of corticosteroids
may produce posterior
subcapsular cataracts,
glaucoma with
possible damage to
the optic nerves, and
may enhance the
establishment of
secondary ocular
infections
Corticosteroids should
be used cautiously in
patients with ocular
herpes simplex for
fear of corneal
perforation.
congestive heart failure in

susceptible patients, potassium
loss, hypokalemic alkalosis,
hypertension, increased calcium
excretion, steroid myopathy.
Increase in alanine
transaminase (ALT, SGPT),
aspartate transaminase (AST,
SGOT) and alkaline
phosphatase, these changes
are usually small, not associated
with any clinical syndrome and
are reversible upon
discontinuation
parameters during
treatment. Chickenpox
or herpes infection,
active infection or
dental disease,
marked renal
nephrolithiasis,
patients who have
received radiation or
cytotoxic therapy
causing
myelosuppression
Avoid driving and
operating machinery
after parenteral
administration
leukopenia, thrombocytopenia;
burning, redness or pain at site
of radiation therapy; erythema,
maculopapular rash, sore mouth
or lips, skin rash; fever or chills,
cough or sore throat;
constipation or diarrhea;
stomatitis; difficulty in
micturition, nausea, vomiting,
low back pain, fatigue,
hyperuricemia
Last trimester of
pregnancy, lactation
Allergic reaction, redness &

swelling in the painful area
Hydroxyurea
(Hydab,
Krabinex,
Litalir)
Myeloproliferative disorders 2030 mg/kg daily. Acute leukemia

50-75 mg/kg
Cuases cell death by specific

inhibition of DNA synthesis.
This action cuases
regressions in chronic myeloid
leukemia and other
malignancies and psoriasis.
The S-phase-specifec action
of hydroxyrea can deplete
bone marrow precurso cells
associated with megaloblastic
changes
(Buscopan)
10mg/tab, 20mg/amp
1~2 tab / amp IV several times
Reversible .blockade of the

actions of cholinomimetics at
muscarinic receptors
200mg cap :
1cap Q4~6hr
100mg/5ml susp:

Ibuprofen
Acute GI, biliary &

including biliary & renal
colic. Parenterally also
as an aid in diagnostic &
therapeutic procedures
eg gastroduodenal
endoscopy, radiology
Temporarily relief of
minor aches & pains due
to common cold, flu, sore

reactions
Immuzinc
Zn
sulfate
(syrup
55mg/5ml = 20mg)
Ofloxacin
(Inoflox)
Ipratropum Br
salbutamol
(Combivent)
(Imdur)
Isoxsuprine HCl
and
5~15ml Q6~8hr

center
throat, headache,
toothache, muscular
ache, backache, minor
pain of arthritis, pain of
menstrual cramp,
reduction of fever
Help stimulate the
activities of many
enzymes, promoting
normal biochemical
reactions in the body.
Adequate daily zinc
supplementation helps
strengthen the immune
system. Supports normal
growth & development.
Also helps in the
management of acute
diarrhea in infants &
children
Lower respiratory tract
infections, skin, and skin
structure infections,
prostatitis, STD, Acute
uncomplicatied
gonorrhea, Typhoid
fever, Shigella enteritis
Management of
revesible bronchospasm
associated with
obstructive airway
disease in patients who
require more than a
single bronchodilator
Syrup 55mg/5ml, 5ml once a

day
Pediatric mineral

(DNA gyrase) and
topoisomerase IV
2.5ml vial
Antiasthmatic & COPD

preparation
sweating
Prophylactic treatment of
angina pectoris.
Treatment of postmyocardial infarction
anginal attacks.
10mg/tab
a -adrenoceptor agonist with
Treatment of circulatory
severe allergic
reaction to aspirin
None
None
Hypersensitivity to
quinolones,
Pregnancy and
lactation. Children.
GI effects, neurological
reactions, superinfection,
tendenitis
Hypertrophic
obstructive
cardiomyopathy or
tachycarrhythmia.
History of
hypersensitivity to
soya lecithin or related
food products
Patients prone to
gastric mucosa. Do
not administer to
patients with
recommended to
infants <1 year.
and particularly in
children who are
dehydrated.
Recent arterial
Fine tremor of skeletal muscle;

palpitations; headache,
dizziness, nervousness; dryness
of mouth, throat irritation; urinary
retention
Gastric hemorrhage,
Transient palpitations, fall in BP,
(Duvadilan)
selectivity of action for the

smooth muscles of the blood
vessels, particularly the
cerebral vessels and the
deeper vessels of the limbs. In
higher doses, isoxsuprine has
a relaxant action on the
smooth muscles of the uterus.
Isoxsuprine also has a
beneficial effect on blood
viscosity.
Isoxsuprine, a -adrenoceptor
agonist, is an orally and
perenterally active peripheral
vasodilator. It has a strong
relaxing action on arteries and
to a certain extent, also on
cutaneous blood vessels. In
addition to this, it had a direct
relaxant effect on the smooth
muscle tissue of the uteru
disorders & uterine

hypermotility.
750 mg durule
Needed for adequate

transmission of nerve
impulses and cardiac
contraction, renal function,
intracellular ion maintenance
Hypokalemia,
prophylaxis during
treatment with diuretics

48 hrs
Analgesic
30 mg IV TID

op pain
7.5 mg/kg bid up to a max 500

mg bid. Usual duration: 5-10
days
Clarithromycin prevents
bacteria from growing by
interfering with their protein
synthesis. Clarithromycin
binds to the subunit 50S of the
bacterial ribosome and thus
Isoxsuprine HCl
(Isoxilan)
Kalium
Ketoprofen
(Orudis)
(Toradol)
Clarithromycin
(Klaricid)
Upper & lower resp tract,

acute otitis media, skin &
soft tissue infections.
Disseminated or
localized mycobacterial
infections due to
hemorrhage, heart
disease, severe
anemia
dizziness. Skin rash
Recent arterial
hemorrhage, heart
disease, severe
hypotension,
tachycardia,
membranes or
immediately post
partum

dizziness, nausea, vomiting and
rash have been reported.
reduction and by supine position
of the patient and reversed if
necessary by parenteral
administration of noradrenaline.
Hyperkalemia.
Renal insufficiency,
hyperkalemia,
untreated Addisons
disease, constriction
of the esophagus &/or
obstructive changes in
the GIT.
Renal impairment
in patients with
impaired renal
GIT disease,
anaphylactoid
reactions, elderly,
Avoid driving and
operating machinery
Known
hypersensitivity to
macrolides.
Concomitant use of
clarithromycin w/
astemizole, cisapride,
bullous dermatoses
Nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia,

abdominal pain, taste
perversion, diarrhea, headache
& skin rash.
Lactulose
(Duphalac)
Levofloxacin
Levocetilizine
and
3.3g/5ml
Starting
Adult : 15~45ml
Child :5~15ml
Maintenance
Adult : 10~25ml
Child :5~20ml
250mg, 500mg tablets, 5mg/ml x

100 ml
q HS
inhibits the translation of

peptides. Clarithromycin has
similar antimicrobial spectrum
as erythromycin but is more
effective against certain gramnegative bacteria, particularly
Legionella pneumophila.
Besides this bacteriostatic
effect, clarithromycin also has
bactericidal effect on certain
strains such as Haemophilus
influenzae, Streptococcus
pneumoniae and Neisseria
gonorrhoeae..
irritate gut mucosa
Semi-synthetic antibacterial
agent that inhibits bacterial
DNA gyrase, necessary for
supercoiling of the DNA,
thereby preventing DNA
replication in susceptible
bacteria
correlated with the
Mycobacterium avium or
Mycobacterium
intracellulare
pimozide, terfenadine
& ergotamine or
dihydroergotamine.
Patients receiving
terfenadine therapy w/
preexisting cardiac
abnormalities or
electrolyte
disturbances
postnatal period;
patients; surgical
procedures; painful
barium x-ray
Treatment of CAP, acute
bacterial exacerbation of
chronic bronchitis, acute
maxillary sinusitis, UTI.
Galactosemia, bowel
obstruction,
hypersensitivity
Special concerns in
lactose intolerance

therapy
Diarrhea
Age<19 y/o,
hypersensitivity,
pregnancy and
lactation.
Diarrhea, nausea, anorexia,

stomatitis, insomnia, headache
& dizziness. Joint pai, pruritus,
eczema, increased liver
enzymes, phlebitis.
Relief of symptoms
rhinitis.

hypersensitivity to
montelukast or
renal (CrCl <10
mL/min) or hepatic
impairment.

convulsion
Bromazepam
(Lexotan)
Loperamide
(Diatabs, Imodium)
Losartan
(Cozaar)
1.5 mg/tab TID
2mg/cap,
unformed stool
50mg/tab
100mg/tab

their effects.
chloride ions.
loss; demonstrates
peripheral action
Losartan is a selective,
competitive Angiotensin II

depressive mood,
nervous tension,
respiratory system.
Adjuvant to
psychotherapy in
psychoneurosis
Early pregnancy,
gravis

excitation.
Anti-diarrheal
ileostomy
Constipation, acute
ulcerative,
pseudomembranous

HTN. Reduction in the

risk of CV morbidity &
Childn w/ GFR <30

2
mL/min/1.73 m ,
Dizziness, dose-related
orthostatic effects, rash,
Maalox
Al(OH)3 200mg,
Mg(OH)2 200mg
Mannitol
Tablet: 2-4 tabs.

Suspension: 2-4 teaspoonfuls
(10-20 mL) 4 times a day taken
20 min to 1 hr after meals and at
bedtime or as directed by the
physician.
receptor type 1 (AT1) receptor

antagonist, reducing the end
organ responses to
angiotensin II. Losartan
administration results in a
decrease in total peripheral
resistance (afterload) and
cardiac venous return
(preload) All of the
physiological effects of
angiotensin II, including
stimulation of release of
aldosterone, are antagonized
in the presence of losartan
Maalox is a balanced mixture
of 2 antacids: Aluminum
hydroxide is a slow-acting
antacid and magnesium
hydroxide is fast acting. The 2
are frequently combined in
antacid mixtures. Aluminum
hydroxide on its own is
astringent and may cause
constipation. This effect is
balanced by the effect of
magnesium hydroxide, which,
in common with other
magnesium salts, may cause
diarrhea.
150cc/TSS
Increases the osmotic
pressure of glomerular filtrate,
which inhibits tubular
reabsorption of water and
electrolytes and increases
urinary output.
Mefenamic acid
Meloxicam
500 mg/cap P.O
15mg/tab OD
Selective COX-2 inhibitor,
thus, preventing prostaglandin
synthesis and inflammation
mortality in hypertensive
patients w/ left
ventricular hypertrophy.
Renal protection in type
2 diabetic patients w/
proteinuria. Hypertensive
pediatric >1 mth-16 yr.
hepatic impairment.
Neonates.
asthenia/fatigue, vertigo,
hypotension & hyperkalemia,
hypersensitivity, GI, CV,
hematologic, musculoskeletal,
nervous, psychiatric, resp &
dermatologic effects; vomiting,
dysgeusia & erythroderma.
Symptomatic relief
of hyperacidity and as
antiflatulent to alleviate
symptoms of gas,
including post-operation
gaspain.
Use in severely
debilitated patients or
in those suffering from
kidney failure.
Gastrointestinal side effects are

uncommon.
Occasionally, high doses of
antacids may cause diarrhea or
constipation.
Promotion of dieresis in
the prevention or
treatment of oliguric
phase of acute renal
failure before irreversible
renal failure becomes
establish, reduction of
intracranial pressure or
brain mass
Pain, headache,
dysmenorrhea
Management of RA,
acute exacerbation of
OA and ankylosing
spondylitis.
Severe impairment of
renal function,
excessive loss of
electrolyte, osmotic
nephrosis,
Pulmonary congestion, fluid

electrolyte imbalance, acidosis,
electrolyte loss, dryness of
mouth, thrist, marked dieresis,
urinary retention, edema,
headache,blurred vision,
convulsion, nausea
GIT ulceration or
inflammation
Cross sensitivity to
Aspirin and other
NSAIDs, history of
stroke, heart attack,
uncontrolled
hypertension,
pregnancy
Gastrointestinal toxicity and

bleeding, tinnitus, blinding
headaches, rash, very dark or
black stool (sign of intestinal
bleeding)
Menadione
10mg/tab q8
Pethidine or
meperidine
(Demerol)
50 to 150 mg every three hours
Metformin HCl
500mg/tab BID
Methylergometrine
hydrogen maleate
(Methergin)
Methylergonovine
(Syntocinon)
Methotrexate
(Biomedis
Methotrexate
soln,

Menadione is a synthetic lipidsoluble vitamin K analogue. It

is an essential cofactor in the
hepatic synthesis of
prothrombin (factor II) and
other blood clotting factors
(factors VII, IX, X and proteins
C and S), and in the function
of proteins important for bone
development (e.g.
osteocalcin).
acting as an agonist at the opioid receptor.
it has local anesthetic activity
related to its interactions with
sodium ion channels.
Prevention and control of

minor to severe
hemorrhagic disorder,
menorrhagia, & pre-&
post-op procedures.
Prophylaxis and
treatment of neonatal
hemorrhage.
Decreases hepatic glucose

production, decreasing
intestinal absorption of
glucose and improves insulin
sensitivity
producing sustained
myometrial tonus
Type II diabetes mellitus

combination with other
oral antidiabetics.


rd
Completion of 3 stage
labor. Uterine
atony/hemorrhage
Hemolytic anemia,
hyperbilirubinemia & kernicterus
in newborns especially in
premature babies.
in patients who are

receiving monoamine
oxidase (MAO)
inhibitors or those who
have recently received
such agents
CHF, impaired hepatic
or renal function,
diabetes complicated
by acidosis, infection
or gangrene.
Abnormal
completed & in
multiple birth not
has bee delivered.
Documented
hypersensitivity;
severe toxemia,
unfavorable fetal
positions, and a
hypertonic or
delivery should be
avoided, such as
invasive cervical
carcinoma, cord
presentation or
prolapse, active
vasa previa
Preexisting liver
damage or impaired
hepatic function.
constipation, dry mouth,

lightheadedness, twitchiness,
muscular twitches, and nausea
GI symptoms: diarrhea, nausea,

vomiting, abdominal bleeding,
flatulence, anorexia

abdominal pain

reactions
Dermatological &
Emthexate
vial,
Methotrexate vial)
Metoclopramide HCl
(Reglan, Plasil)
IM twice
days

Adult: PO Diabetic gastric stasis

10 mg 4 times/day. Usual
duration: 2-8 wk. Nausea and
vomiting associated w/ cancer
chemotherapy or radiotherapy 2
mg/kg 1 hr before start of
treatment. Repeat dose 3 times
at 2-hrly intervals. May repeat 2
additional doses at 3-hrly
intervals if needed. Max: 12
mg/kg/day. Gastro-oesophageal
reflux disease 10-15 mg up to 4
times/day, depending on
severity of symptoms. Delayed
emesis following chemotherapy
20-40 mg 2-4 times/day for 3-4
days. IV Nausea and vomiting
associated w/ cancer
chemotherapy Highly
emetogenic regimens: 2 mg/kg
30 mins before start of
treatment. Repeat twice at 2-hrly
intervals. Less emetogenic
regimens: 1 mg/kg. If vomiting is
not well-controlled, 3 additional
doses at 2 mg/kg/dose 3-hrly. If
vomiting is well-controlled w/ the
1st 3 doses, may reduce dose to
1 mg/kg 3-hrly for 3 additional
doses. Intubation of the small
intestine; Premed for radiologic
examination of the upper GI tract
10 mg as a single direct inj.
IV/IM Diabetic gastric stasis 10
mg 4 times/day. Convert to PO
when possible. Usual duration:
2-8 wk. IM Post-op nausea and
Metoclopramide enhances the

motility of the upper GI tract
and increases gastric
emptying without affecting
gastric, biliary or pancreatic
secretions. It increases
duodenal peristalsis which
decreases intestinal transit
time, and increases lower
oesophageal sphincter tone. It
is also a potent central
dopamine-receptor antagonist
and may also have serotoninreceptor (5-HT3) antagonist
properties.
Absorption: Rapidly and
almost completely absorbed
from the GI tract (oral); peak
plasma concentrations after 12 hr.
Distribution: Widely
distributed; crosses the bloodbrain barrier and placenta;
enters breast milk.
Metabolism: Extensively
hepatic.
Excretion: Via urine (as
unchanged drug, sulfate or
glucuronide conjugates and
metabolites), faeces; 4-6 hr
(terminal elimination half-life).
Diabetic gastric stasis,

renal impairment,
hepatic impairment,
nausea and vomiting
associated with cancer
chemotherapy or
radiotherapy, gastroesophageal reflux
disease.
preexisting bone
marrow aplasia,
leucopenia,
thrombocytopenia or
anaemia. Infection,
colitis, debility &
extreme youth & old
age. Monitor renal
function & serum
levels when giving
high dose; give Ca
GI haemorrhage,
mechanical
obstruction and
perforation;
phaeochromocytoma;
history of seizures.
Extrapyramidal symptoms,
anxiety, diarrhoea, hypotension,
hypertension, headache,
depression, blood disorders
(e.g. aganulocytosis,
methaemoglobinaemia),
hypersensitivity reactions (e.g.
bronchospasm, rash),
galactorrhoea or related
disorders, transient increase in
plasma aldosterone levels.
Potentially Fatal: Neuroleptic
malignant syndrome; cardiac
conduction disorders may occur
with IV dosage form.
vomiting 10 mg near the end of

the procedure. Repeat 4-6 hrly
when needed.
Metoprolol
(Neobloc)
Metronidazole
MgSO4

500mg every 8 hours

IV, Oral
4grams, slow IV
Midazolam
(Dormicum)

Montelukast
4mg, 10mg tablets

both intestinal and
Magnesium prevents or
controls convulsions by
blocking neuromuscular
transmission and decreasing
the amount of acetylcholine
liberated at the end plate by
the motor nerve impulse.
Magnesium is said to have a
depressant effect on the CNS,
but it does not adversely affect
the mother, fetus or neonate
when used as directed in
eclampsia or pre-eclampsia.
Binds with cysteinyl

leukotriene receptors to
prevent action of cysteinyl
leukotrienes which are
associated with symtoms of
asthma, including airway
edema, increased capillary
established;
Anaphylaxis: Deaths
have occurred;
aggressive therapy
may be required; AV
block, slows AV
conduction and may
cause heart block;
Bradycardia
infection
drug or other
nitroimidazole
derivatives and in
st
patients in 1 trimester
of pregnancy
For eclampsia or
preeclampsia; For
replacement therapy in
magnesium deficiency,
especially in acute
hypomagnesemia
accompanied by signs of
tetany similar to those
observed in
hypocalcemia
I.V. magnesium
should not be given to
mothers with toxemia
of pregnancy during
the 2 hours preceding
delivery.
Management of
bronchial asthma and
allergic rhinitis.
Acute narrow angle

glaucoma, premature
infants
Acute asthma attack
during status
asthmaticus

The adverse effects of

parenterally administered
magnesium usually are the
result of magnesium
intoxication. These include
flushing, sweating, hypotension,
depressed reflexes, flaccid
paralysis, hypothermia,
circulatory collapse, cardiac and
CNS depression proceeding to
respiratory paralysis.
Hypocalcemia, with signs of
tetany secondary to magnesium
sulfate therapy for eclampsia,
has been reported.
Dream abnormalities
hallucinations, palpitations,
drowsiness, irritability,
restlessness, insomnia,
increased sweating, N/V,
dyspepsia, diarrhea, myalgia,
increased bleeding tendency,
Levocetilizine
and
Moxifloxacin
(Avelox)
q HS
permeability, smooth muscle

contraction and inflammation
correlated with the
their effects.
bruising, edema, tremor.

Relief of symptoms
rhinitis.

hypersensitivity to
montelukast or
renal (CrCl <10
mL/min) or hepatic
impairment.

convulsion

drugs and

Diarrhea (6%)
Ambroxol
(Mucosolvan)
Myrin
(Ethambutol
HCl,
30mg/5ml

a secreolytic. It causes the
formation of the qualitative
different mucus of the lower
mucus-secreting cells and
thus leads to the liquefication
of the mucus in the lumenof
the respiratory tract.
Mycobacterium
gravis
respiratory tract disease
associated with
abnormal mucus
secretions, especially in
exacerbation of
asthmatic bronchitis and
chronic bronchitis
mild GI effects and

allergic reactions
mild GI effects and allergic

reactions

promptly.
Nalbuphine
(Nubain)
Naproxen Na
(Flanax Forte)
Nasatapp
(Tab/syrup/drop):
Brompheniramine
Maleate
12/4/2mg,
Phenylpropanolamine
HCL 15/12.5/6.25mg)

severe pain
activity of the enzyme
in decreased formation of
prostaglandin precursors
Tab : 1 tab BID

Syrup :1.25~5ml TID
Drops : 0.5~1ml TID
Cough & cold preparations
Esomeprazole
(Nexium)
40 mg/tab OD
Nicardipine HCl
(Cardepine)
Oral: 20,30 mg
Proton pump inhibitor which

suppresses gastric acid
secretion by inhibition of the
+ +
H /K ATPase in the gastric
parietal cell
Nifedipine
(Adalat,
Calchek,
Nifelan)
Calibloc,
Nelapine,
10mg TID or 30mg OD

120-180mg/day

Opioid Analgesic
Impaired renal or
hepatic function,
For the relief of signs

and symptoms of
osteoarthritis, ankylosing
spondylitis, juvenile
arthritis
Apirin intolerance,
advanced renal failure,
active peptic ulcer
Allergic & vasomotor or

other hyperactive nasal
disorders & acute
coryza. Relief of nasal
congestion &
hypersecretion in infants
& children up to 12yr
For erosive reflux
esophagitis,symptomatic
Tx of GERD, upper GI
symptoms,assoc. with
NSAID therapy
Hypertensive
emergencies or
urgencies, periop & postop HTN, hypertensive
states of NPO patients
HTN, coronary
disease. Concurrent
use or use w/in
2weeks of MAOIs.
Brain damage or
epilepsy. Premature
infants or neonates.
Children <12yrs
lactation
All forms of HTN; HTN in

pregnancy; coronary
insufficiency w/ or w/o
angina; vasospastic
angina, to increase heart
rate in sinus bradycardia
& sick sinus syndrome
Severe aortic stenosis.

Patients who do not
have complete
hemostasis following
intracranial
hemorrhage.
Increased intracranial
pressure during acute
phase of a stroke
Hypersensityvity to
any component of
capsule.
Do not use short
cases of emergency,
such as0020CVD,
stroke, AMI, etc.),

reactions
Rash, ringing in the ears,

headaches, dizziness,
drowsiness, abdominal pain,
nausea, diarrhea, constipation,
heartburn, fluid retention,
shortness of breath, stomach
and intestinal bleeding and
ulcers, black tarry stools,
weakness,
Severe HTN, drowsiness,
lassitude, nausea, giddiness,
dry mouth, mydriasis, increased
irritability & excitement
Headache, abdominal
pain,diarrhea,flatulence,nausea,
and vomiting

palpitations

hypotension
Ofloxacin
(Inoflox)

(DNA gyrase) and
topoisomerase IV
Omeprazole (Losec,
Mepracid,Hovizol)
20mg OD
Suppresses gastric acid

secretion by inhibiting the
parietal cell H+/K+ ATP pump
OMX Probiotics
Probiotics
12+
2~10 cap per day

Orofar
(Benzoxonium Cl 0.5
mg)

rinse or gargle
500mg tab q4
Cloxacillin
(oxacillin)
Na
It acts as a competitive
inhibitor of the enzyme
transpeptidase.
walls
Lower respiratory tract

infections, skin, and skin
structure infections,
prostatitis, STD, Acute
uncomplicatied
gonorrhea, Typhoid
fever, Shigella enteritis
Duodenal
ulcer,prevention of
relapse of duodenal
ulcer, gastric ulcer and
reflux esophagitis, poorly
responsive gastric
ulcer,dyspepsia.
the most virulent
aureus superbug,
poisoning),
peptic ulcers), and
headaches.
due to staphylococci
resistant to
benzylpenicillin including
infection of skin & soft
tissue, bones & joints,
resp & urinary tacts,

abruptly in
Hypersensitivity to
quinolones,
Pregnancy and
lactation. Children.
GI effects, neurological
reactions, superinfection,
tendenitis
Presence of significant
unintentional weight
loss, recurrent
vomiting, dysphagia,
hematemesis or
melena.
Headache, diarrhea,
constipation, abdominal pain,
nausea, vomiting, flatulence.


Hypersensitivity to
penicillins
Gi disturbances
Oxytocin
(Syntocinon)

myometrial tonus
Pankreatoflat
(Pancreatin,
dimethicone)
170/80 mg tab OD
Pantoprazole
20-40mg 1x a day

intestine
than 4x at pH of 4
otitis media,
endocarditis, septicemia,
& meningitis
For induction of
stimulation of labor,
control of postpartum
uterine bleeding,
treatment of incomplete
or inevitable abortion
Documented
hypersensitivity;
severe toxemia,
unfavorable fetal
positions, and a
hypertonic or
delivery should be
avoided, such as
invasive cervical
carcinoma, cord
presentation or
prolapse, active
vasa previa

reactions

rashes

weeks. Prolonged

Hyperglycemia (1%),
Paracetamol
(Biogesic)
Pethidine HCl
(Demerol)
25 mg IV
Potassium citrate
(Acalka)
Prednisolone acetate
(PREDFORTE )
Prozine
Ciprofloxacin HCl
Ranitidine

aches & pains
Anemia, cardiac &

pulmonary disease.
Hepatic or severe
renal disease

analgesia

flutter, convulsive
disorders, acute

renal lithiasis and
nephrolithiasis.
Decreases inflammation by
suppression of PMNs and
reversal of increased capillary
permeability
acidosis with Ca
nephrolithiasis.
Steroid responsive
inflammation of the
palpebral and bulbar,
cornea and anterior
segment
500mg / tab
Cystic fibrosis
Gonorrhea
500mg OD
double-stranded DNA
50mg SIV TID

of cystic fibrosis,
gastroenteritis,
tract infection
Histamine H2

potassium excretion
mechanism,
hyperpotassemia may
appear. In patients
with renal
insufficiency, an
increased risk of
appearance of
hyperpotassemia
Acute, untreated
purulent occular
infections. Acute
superficial herpes
simplex, varicella and
most other viral
diseases of the cornea
and conjuctiva
S.aureus infections

left eye

center
receptor.
Renal impairment,

infection
disturbances
disorientation
food.
Increase intraocular pressure

with optic nerve damage and
visual field defects. Posterior
subcapsular cataract formation
secondary ocular infection from
fungi or viruses

hemolytic anemia or
BUN
(Ulcin / Zantac)
Rofecoxib
(Vioxx)
50mg tab BID
Roxithromycin
(Ruthison)
Salbutamol
(Asmalin)

Salbutamol
(Ventolin)
aerosol
syrup

cells
It prevents bacteria from

growing, by interfering with
their protein synthesis.
Roxithromycin binds to the
subunit 50S of the bacterial
ribosome, and this inhibits the
translocation of peptides.
Roxithromycin has similar
antimicrobial spectrum as
erythromycin, but is more
effective against certain gramnegative bacteria, particular
Legionella pneumonia.
Relaxes bronchial smooth
muscle by action on B2receptors with little effect on
heart rate
caused by susceptible
strains of gm+ve & gmve microorganisms.

agonist - causes
bronchodilation
3-4 h
hours
Asthma
bronchospasm
associated with
airway disease eg
bronchial asthma
with associated
reversible airway
obstruction.
hepatic impairment,
or children
Contraindicated in
patients
in those who have
experienced asthma,
urticaria, allergic
aspirin or other
NSAIDs. Also
contraindicated in
patients with
advanced renal
disease or moderate
or severe hepatic
pregnant women
close prematurely
Patient who developed
liver disorders on
previous therapy
hypertension,
hyperthyroidism,
diabetes mellitus;
Threatened abortion
st
during 1 or 2nf
trimesters of
pregnancy. Toxaemia
of pregnancy,
antepartum
haemorrhage,
and vomiting

GI disturbances, increase in
liver enzyme values, hepatitis,
rash, headache, dizziness,
weakness, changes in CBC
tremor
Senna
(Senokot)
Simvastatin
(Vidastat, Zocor)
Spirinolactone
(Unasyn)
187mg/tab,
374mg/tab,
10~80mg tab OD
25 mg, 50 mg tabblets
stimulation of colonic motility,

resulting in augmented
propulsion and accelerated
colonic transit, reducing the
opportunity for fluid absorption
from the faeces. It also
influences fluid and electrolyte
absorption and secretion by
the colon, resulting in a net
fluid secretion. The mucilage
inhibits fluid absorption,
enhancing the laxative effect
Statins have been
demonstrated to be
Antagonizes aldosterone in
the distal tubules, increasing
sodium and water excretion
Functional constipation
of hospitalized patient, O
& G patient, postsurgical, prenatal,
postpartum, geriatric
patient, functional
constipation due to
intake of certain drugs,
ped patient.
placenta praevia.
Acute surgical
abdomen, abdominal
pain, nausea, vomiting
or symptoms of
appendicitis; intestinal
hemorrhage or
obstruction, persistent
diarrhea.
ECG
Mild abdominal discomfort;
diarrhea w/ excessive loss of
water & electrolytes (high
doses), atonic non-functioning
colon (prolonged use).

Hypertension, CHF,
edema, hypokalemia,
primary aldosteronism.
Nephritic syndrome,
cirrhosis, management
of hissutism secondary
to PCOS.
375 mg/tab BID
Tazobactam
2g/250mg + 10ml diluent,

4g/500mg +10ml diluent
Inhibits the action of betalactamases. It has the

potential to enhance the
activity of other beta-lactam
antibiotics.
Treatment of systemic
&/or local bacterial
infections caused by
susceptible organisms.
Telmisartan
+
Hydrochlorothiazide
(Micardis)
40mg + 12.5 mg/tab OD
Angiotensin receptor blocker +

thiazide diuretic
Esssential hypertension
TOBRANYCIN +
DEXAMETHSONE
(TOBRADEX)
1 drop four times a day
Tobramycin binds irreversibly

to one of two aminoglycoside
binding sites on the 30 S
For steroid-responsive
inflammatory ocular
conditions for which a
Acute renal
insufficiency, anuria,
hyperkalemia,
pregnancy and
lactation,
hypersensitivity.
Gynecomastia may develop.

Diarrhea and cramping, nausea,
vomiting, gastritis,
agranulocytosis.

organ system
dysfunction during
prolonged therapy
History of allergic
reactions to any
penicillins,
cephalosporins, or
beta-lactamase
inhibitors.

Hypersensitivity.
Biliary obstructive
disorders.
Epithelial herpes
simplex keratitis
(dendritic keratitis),
Hypotension, ileus, syncope,

rigors, back pain, malaise, CV
effects, tremors,
thirst, myalgia, arthralgia, genital
pruritus, hematuria,
photophobia, hepatitis,
hemolytic anemia.
Diarrhea, angioedema
Localized ocular toxicity &

hypersensitivity including lid
itching & swelling & conjunctival
Tramadol
(Dolotral,
TDL,
Trama)
Silverol,
Tradonal,

to exceed 400mg/day
Tramadol HCl and

paracetamol (Dolcet)
Tranexamic Acid
Trimetazidine

3 tabs daily in 3 divided doses
ribosomal subunit, inhibiting

bacterial protein synthesis.
Tobramycin may also
destabilize bacterial
memebrane by binding to 16 S
16 S r-RNA. An active
transport mechanism for
aminoglycoside uptake is
necessary in the bacteria in
order to attain a significant
intracellular concentration of
tobramycin.
signal transmission
corticosteroid is
indicated & where
bacterial infection or risk
of bacterial ocular
infection exists
Tramadol acts as a -opioid

receptor agonist, serotonin
releasing agent,
norepinephrine reuptake
inhibitor, NMDA receptor
antagonist, 5-HT2C receptor
antagonist, (7)5 nicotinic
acetylcholine receptor
antagonist, and M1 and M3
muscarinic acetylcholine
receptor antagonis
Moderate to severe pain.
Fatty acid oxidation inhibitor
Used in angina pectoris
Menorrhagea,
heart surgery, GI
angioneurotic edema
vaccinia, varicella &

many other viral
diseases of the cornea
& conjunctiva.
Mycobacterial eye
infection. Fungal
diseases of ocular
structures. After
uncomplicated
removal of a corneal
foreign body
erythema. Secondary infection.
Hypersensitivity to
tramadol or any
component of the
tablets or Ampoule
solution. Patients
intoxicated with
alcohol or other
sedating drugs
Use with extreme
precaution among
sedatives or CNS
depressants
Acute intoxication w/
alcohol, hypnotics,
narcotics, centrallyacting analgesics,
opioids or
psychotropic drugs.
Hypersensitivity.

hypotonia
Acquired defective
subarachnoid
hemorrhage,
renal, CVD, and
thromboembolic
disease
Pregnancy and
CNS & GI disturbances.

Nausea, dizziness, somnolence.
Asthenia, fatigue, hot flushes,
constipation, diarrhea,
flatulence, dry mouth, pruritus,
increased sweating, tinnitus.

Gastric discomfort, nausea,
(Vastarel)
Valdecoxib
(Bextra)
Valproic
Divalproex Na
(Depakene)
acid,
Vincristine
Pfizer Vincristine)
Adult 0.4-1.4 mg/m BSA. Childn

2
1.5-2 mg/m BSA, <10 kg or
2
BSA <1 m 0.05 mg/kg wkly
reduces ATP requirement of

ischemic myocardium thereby
improving metabolic status via
partial inhibition of enzyme
long chain 3 ketoacyl thiolase.
(COX-2) pathway
and in ischemia of
neuro-sensorial tissues
as in Menieres disease.

that nerves use to
communicate with one another
depolymerization of
Treatment of simple and

complex seizures.
lactation, children.
headache and vertigo
Patients with known

hypersensitivity to
who have
asthma, urticaria,
after taking NSAIDS
inhibitors
not functioning
properly, or if you
reaction to it.

preexisting
neuropathies, liver
dysfunction or
jaundice & elderly.
Extravasation,
impairment.
Fatal if given
intrathecally

abnormal bleeding

Fever, headache
Sitagliptin phosphate
(Januvia)
50mg/tab
ISDN
1 tab SL

activity
Inhibitor of the enzyme
dipeptidyl peptidse-4 (DPP-4),
an
enzyme
that
slows
inactivation
of
incretin
hormones such as glucagonlike peptide-1 (GLP-1) and
glucose
dependent
insulinotropic
polypeptide
(GIP), which regulates insulin
secretion.
Anti anginal
Adjunct to diet and

exercise
to
improve
glycemic
control
in
patients with DM type 2,
or in combination with
metformin
or
a
peroxisome proliferator
receptor (PPAR) gamma
agonist when diet and
exercise, plus the single
agent do not provide
adequate
glycemic
control. In patients with
DM 2 as an adjunct to
diet and exercise to
improve glycemic control
in
combination
with
insulin (with or without
metformin)
Treatment
and
prophylaxis of acute
angina pectoris,
Vitamin A
Retinol palmitate
25,000iu
Supplementation
Treatment of vit A
deficiency
Vitamin B Complex
(Neurobion)
Tab BID
Supplementation
Neuritis, neuralgias,
shoulder-arm syndrome,
facial paresis, pregnancy
neuritis, drug-induced &
alcoholic neuropathy,
diabetic neuropathy,
sciatica, lumbagolumbalgia, intercoastal
neuralgia, trigeminal
neuralgia, herpes zoster,
optic neuritis, numbness
of the extremities,
hyperemesis
gravidarum, vit B
deficiency, CVA
Increased requirement of
Vitamin B
Complex
an allithiamine that boosts
Hypersensitivity.
Pregnancy
lactation.
and
Very
low
blood
pressure, acute MI
with
reduce
filling
pressures except in
ICU
doses may lead to
hypervitaminosis
Hypersentivity
Nausea,
abdominal
vomiting and diarrhea.
pain,
Nitrate headache, tachycardia,

hypotension
with C (BNC)
Vitamin E
DI-a-tocopheryl
acetate
(Mira E )
300iu, 400iu
Vitamin K
Advanced Glycation
Endproduct (AGE)-inhibiting
thiamine pyrophosphate and
cell-shielding transketolase
activity.
Supplementation
0.5mg IM
Promotes liver synthesis of

clotting factors (II, VII,IX,X).
500mg/tab OD
Inhibits RNA dependent

elongation step, binds to the
blockage of transpeptidation
Immuzinc
Zn
sulfate
(syrup
55mg/5ml = 20mg)
Syrup 55mg/5ml, 5ml once a

day
Pediatric mineral
Gatifloxacin (Zymar)

left eye
antibiotic of the fourthgeneration fluoroquinolone

family, that like other members
of that family, inhibits the
bacterial enzymes DNA
gyrase and topoisomerase IV
Limits seizure activity by
stabilizing
neuronal
membranes of hyper excitable
cells through decreasing influx
of sodium during action
potential, influx of calcium is
also decreased. It delayes
outward potassium current
Azithromycin
(Zithromax)
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
100mg/cap
these vit as in
periods of rapid growth &
development, infection,
physical & mental strain.
disorders. Improves
nerve functions &
prevents onset of
neuromuscular
Prophylaxis and therapy
of hemorrhagic disease
of the newborn
Respiratory tract
media, STD due to
N.gonnorhea,
prophylaxis for MAC in
HIV,
Help stimulate the
activities of many
enzymes, promoting
normal biochemical
reactions in the body.
Adequate daily zinc
supplementation helps
strengthen the immune
system. Supports normal
growth & development.
Also helps in the
management of acute
diarrhea in infants &
children
Treatment of bacterial
conjunctivitis caused by
susceptible strains of
both gm+ve & gm-ve
microorganisms.
Tonic-clonic (Grand mal)
and
psychomotor
seizures
(complex
partial),
seizure
occurring
during
or
following neurosurgery
Coumarin and
indanedione
derivatives
hypersensitivity
Allergic reactions, including

anaphylactoid reaction, pain,
swelling
GI disturbances,
hypersensitivity, angioedema,
anaphylaxis, hearing
impairment, abnormal liver
function, dizziness, vertigo,
reduced cell counts
None
None
Diabetes
Conjunctival irritation, increased

lacrimation, keratitis & papillary
conjunctivitis.
Hypersensitivity. Sinus
bradycardia, impaired
hepatic
function,
abrupt
withdrawal.
Porphyria.
GI disturbances, ataxia, slurred

speece, diplopia, nystagmus,
mental
confusion
with
headache, hirsutism, dizziness,
gingival hyperplasia
leading to increased refractory

period.
Acts by inhibitng cell wall
synthesis. Bactericidal.
Cefixime (Tergecef)
200mg/cap
Doxofylline (Ansimar)
400mg/tab
bronchodilator
500mg IV q6
Is a carbapenem antibiotic for

parenteral use that is relatively
stable to human
dehydropeptidase-1.
Is a pure heart rate lowering

agent acting by selective and
specific inhibition of the
cardiac pacemaker.
Meropenem
(Meronem)
Ivabradine
Morphine sulfate
Analgesic and for sedation
Prednisone
Celecoxib
(Celebrex)
Verapami (Isoptin)l
200 mg/tab 1 tab OD
Acute bronchitis,
bronchiectasis with
infection, pneumonia,
sinusitis, pharyngitis,
cystitis, cholangitis
Treatment of bronchial
asthma and pulmonary
disease with spastic
bronchial component.
Hypersensitivity to
penicillins
Shock, anaphylactoid
symptoms, agranulocytosis,
pain
Patients with acute MI

and hypotension.
Nausea, vomiting, epigastric

pain, irritability, insomnia,
tachycardia.
Pneumonias, UTI, pelvic

inflammatory disease,
skin infections,
septicemia
Hypersensitivity to
meropenem
Allergic reactions, inflammation

of injection site
Symptomatic treatment
of chronic stable angina
pectoris in patients with
normal sinus rhythm who
have contraindication or
intolerance to beta
blockers.
Prolonged relief of
Hypersensitivity to
said drug and heart
rate of <60 bpm,
cardiogenic shock,
severe hypotension,
renal insufficiency
Luminous phenomena, blurred

vision, palpitations, nausea,
constipation, headache.
Patients with known

hypersensitivity to the
drug, with respiratory
depression, patients
with paralytic ileus
Gastric and duodenal
ulcers. Systemic
fungal infections.
Glaucoma.
Hypersensitivity to
glucocorticoids.
Abdominal pain, anorexia,

constipation, dry mouth, nausea,
vomiting, confusion, headache.
Patients with known

hypersensitivity to
celecoxib and to
patients who have
experienced asthma,
urticaria or allergictype reactions after
taking aspirin or other
NSAIDS.
Cardiovascular shock,
complicated acute MI,
severe conduction
disorders and sick
Abdominal pain, diarrhea,

dyspepsia, flatulence, nausea,
back pain, dizziness, headache,
insomnia, rashes.
Is a synthetic steroid which is

easily absorbed from the GIT.
It has an antiallergenic,
antitoxic, antipyretic and
immunosuppressive
properties.
In some cases, include

pericarditis, idiopathic,
postmyocardial
infarction.
Is a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID)

that exhibits anti-inflammatory,
activities due to inhibition of
prostaglandin synthesis.
Treatment of signs and

symptoms of
osteoarthritis and
rheumatoid arthritis.
Treatment of acute pain.
A calcium antagonist that

inhibits the transmembrane
influx of calcium ions into the
heart and vascular smooth
Chronic coronary
insufficiency, long term
treatment of angina
pectoris, coronary
Gastric and duodenal ulceration

with prolonged use.
Bradycardic arrythmias when

given in large doses.
Constipation. Nausea, vertigo,
dizziness, headache, flushing,
muscles.
Carvedilol (Dilatrend)
Spirinolactone
(Aldactone)
Is a multiple action
neurohormonal antagonist
consisting of nonselective beta
and alpha blockade, and
antioxidant properties.
spasms. Hypertesnion.
Tachycardia.
Management of essential
hypertension. Treatment
of angina pectoris.
Treatment of
symptomatic CHF.
25 mg, 50 mg tabblets
Antagonizes aldosterone in
the distal tubules, increasing
sodium and water excretion
Itopride HCl
(Ganaton)
50 mg/tab
Activates GI propulsive motility

due to its dopamine D2
antagonizing activity and
acetylcholinesterase inhibitory
activity.
Captopril (Capotec)
25mg/tab
Is an ACE-inhibitor which
converts angiotensin I to
angiotensin II.
Calcium polystyrene
sulfonate
(Kalimate)
5g sachet
Is a calcium-type resin
Hyperkalemia resulting
from acute or chronic
renal failure.
Ceftazidime
(Tazidem)
1 gm vial
Bactericidal in action by
inhibitng bacterial cell wall
synthesis.
Treatment of single or
multiple infections
caused by susceptible
organisms.
Nitroglycerin causes a
Prophylaxis of angina
relaxation of vascular
pectoris. Long-term
smooth muscle thereby
treatment of CHD.
Nitroglycerine
Hypertension, CHF,
edema, hypokalemia,
primary aldosteronism.
Nephritic syndrome,
cirrhosis, management
of hissutism secondary
to PCOS.
Treatment of GI
symptoms of functional,
non-ulcer dyspepsia ie
feeling of abdominal
bloatedness, upper
abdominal pain,
heartburn, nausea and
vomiting.
For treatment of
hypertension, CHF.
inducing a vasodilatation.
Treatment of chronic
Both peripheral arteries and
heart failure in
veins are relaxed by
combination w/
sinus syndrome.
Patients with NYHA
Class IV
decompensated heart
failure requiring
intravenous inotropic
support; asthma;
nd
rd
COPD; 2 and 3
degree AV block;
severe bradycardia;
cardiogenic shock;
sick sinus syndrome
Acute renal
insufficiency, anuria,
hyperkalemia,
pregnancy and
lactation,
hypersensitivity.
fatigue, nervousness, ankle

edemas in rare cases.
Dizziness, headache, fatigue,
bradycardia, skin reactions, GI
upset
Gynecomastia may develop.

Diarrhea and cramping, nausea,
vomiting, gastritis,
agranulocytosis.
Known
hypersensitivity, GI
hemorrhage,
mechanical
obstruction or
perforation.
Leucopenia and
thrombocytopenia. Dizziness,
headache, tremors. Diarrhea,
constipation, abdominal pain,
jaundice.
Patients with
hypersensitivity to the
drug and who
experienced
angioedema during
ACE drug therapy.
Careful administration
in patients with
hyperparathyroidism
and multiple myeloma.
Patients with known
hypersensitivity to
cephalosporins
antibiotics.
GI symptoms
Acute circulatory
failure, severe
hypotension, acute
MI. Avoid sildenafil,
tadalafil, vardenafil
Constipation, anorexia, and

nausea.
Diarrhea, urticarial rash, pain on

injection site.
transient headache, reflex

tachycardia, postural
hypotension, nausea,
dizziness, allergy.
nitroglycerin. The latter
digitalis &/or diuretics.
effect promotes venous

pooling of blood and
decreases venous return to
the heart, thereby reducing
ventricular end-diastolic
pressure and volume
(preload).
Perindopril (Coversyl)
2, 8 mg/tab
Polynerve
Folart
(Folic Acid)
ACE inhibitor
supplementation
Adult & childn >1 yr 5 mg daily

for 4 mth. Maintenance: 5 mg
every 1-7 days depending on
underlying disease. Childn up to
1 yr 500 mcg/kg daily.
Megaloblastic anemia
secondary to vit B12
deficiency. Folic acid
administration may produce
hematologic remission while
neurologic damage
progresses.
Essential hypertension,
CHF. Prevention of
stroke recurrence,
history of CVD
Prevention & treatment
of deficiency disorders
following poor dietary
intake .
Folic acid
(pteroylmonoglutamic
acid) in its reduced form
of tetrahydrofolate,
serves as an important
mediator of many
reactions involving 1carbon transfers.
Important reactions
involve the conversion of
homocysteine to
methionine and of
deoxyuridylate to
thymidylate, an important
step in DNA synthesis. It
is also implicated in the
conversion of some
amino acids, and in the
synthesis and utilization
of formate. The
deficiency of folic acid
can lead to
megaloblastic anemia,
which develops when
dietary intake of folic
acid is inadequate eg, in
pregnancy, excessive
menstrual flow, and as a
result of the concurrent
administration of folate
antagonist and other
Hypersensitivity,
pregnancy and
lactation
Headaches, dizziness, cramps,

dry cough
Folic acid is generally

tolerated. Rare cases
of gastrointestinal
disturbances have
been reported.
Prevention and treatment of

folate deficiency state; also used
in women of child-bearing
potential and pregnant women
to protect against neural tube
defects in their offspring. In
chronic hemolytic anemia,
exfoliative skin disease,
gingivitis, angular cheilitis,
alcoholism, anorectic cancer,
cervical dysplasia, elderly
patients, gout, cardiovascular
diseases, GI inflammation and
malabsorption
drugs which interfere

with normal folate
metabolism.
Hematopeitic growth
factor
Renogen
2,000 u/ml
Hypersensitivity to mammalian
cell-derived products & to
albumin, uncontrolled
hypertension
Vandol
Cream/ointment
None
Emollients
Mebendazole
100mg/tab
None
Apply up to TID for 10 days
Interferes with bacterial protein

synthesis
250 IU, IM single dose

500 IU, IM in infected wounds
and delayed debridement
Vaccines for passive

immunization
Primary vaccination: 2
successive SC/IM 1 or 2 mos.
apart followed by booster 6-12
nd
mos.after 2 inj.Booster: one
0.5ml inj.every 10yrs after the
primary immunization and every
10yrs thereafter
Vaccines for active

immunization
Inhibits glucose uptake,

degenerative of
cytoplasmic microtubules
in the cell; interferes with
absorption, secretory
function
Primary and secondary
skin infections including
strains
Prophylaxis in persons
with recent injuries who
have no immunity or
incomplete immunity
against tetanus; therapy
of clinically manifested
tetanus
Tetanus prevention; post
exposure prophylaxis for
recent wounds that may
have been contaminated
with tetanus spores in
subjects who have not
had any primary
vaccination, or was
incomplete, or uncertain
Mupirocin ointment
Tetagam
(Human Tetanus Ig,
pasteurizaed)
Tetanus toxoid
(Adsorbed)
Glimepiride
1-4 mg daily
NIDDM (Type II). May be

used in combination w/
metformin & insulin.
Hypertension, partial
or complete clotting at
the site of vascular
access, seizures,
increased potassium,
BUN, creatinine,
arthralgia, asthenia,
chest pain, diarrhea,
edema, headache,
nausea, tachycardia,
vomiting
None
none
Hypersensitivity
Anemia associated with renal

insufficiency or chronic renal
failure, for the reduction of
allogenic blood transfusions in
surgery patients.
Diaper rash, chafing, sunburn,

dry skin, abrasions, superficial
wounds, minor burns.
Enterobiasis, ascariasis,
hookworm infections,
trichomoniasis, roundworm
Burning sensation, stinging,

itching, cutaneous sensitization
reactions
IgA deficiency and

concurrent presence
of antibodies to IgA
Hypersensitivity
reactions
IDDM (type I); diabetic

ketoacidosis; diabetic
precoma or coma.
Serious renal or
hepatic dysfunction;
Pain, rashes, induration, or

edema, associated with SC
nodule and rarely aseptic
abscesses. Transient
hyperthermia associated or not
associated with a local reaction
and lymphadenopathy,
immediate hypersensitivity
reaction such as generalized
pruritus, urticarial or edema,
dizziness, low BP, myalgia,
arthralgia and headaches.
Hypoglycemia. Temporary
visual impairment. GI
symptoms. Elevated liver
enzymes, impairment of liver
function, hepatitis, liver failure.
dialsis patints.
Budesonide
200 mcg once a day BID.
Clindamycin
150-300 mg 6 hourly
Inhibits bacterial protein

synthesis by binding to the
50S subunit of the ribosomes
Treatment of anaerobic,
staphylococcal &
strepcoccal infections &
in the prophylaxis of
endocarditis; it is also
used in the treatment of
acne & protozoal
infections such as
Pneumocytis carnii
pneumonia or
toxoplasmosis.
1 vag supp before retiring for 710 days
Metronidazole is converted to
reduction products that
interact with DNA to cause
destruction of helical DNA
structure and strand leading to
a protein synthesis inhibition
and cell death in susceptible
organisms. It is effective
against a wide range of
organisms including E.
histolytica, T. vaginalis,
Giardia, anaerobes e.g.
Bacterioides sp,
Fusobacterium sp, Clostridium
sp, Peptococcus sp and
Peptostreptococcus sp, and
moderately active against
Gardnerella sp and
Campylobacter sp
Nystatin, a polyene antifungal,
binds to ergosterol in the
fungal cell membrane. This
binding affects the cell wall
permeability allowing leakage
of cellular contents.
Mixed infectious
vaginitis, trichomonal
vaginitis, monilial
vaginitis, other fungal
infections.
Metronidazole
500
mg, nystatin 100,000
IU.
(Flagystatin)
Bronchial asthma
Pulmonary TB & other

bacterial diseases;
airway fungal
infections; status
asthmaticus.
Hypersensivity drug &
lincomycin. Pregnancy
& lactataion.
Digitalis toxicity,
ventricular
tachycardia/fibrillation,
obstructive
cardiomyopathy.
Arrhythmias due to
accessory pathways
(e.g. Wolff-ParkinsonWhite syndrome).
Thrombopenia, hemolytic
anemia, erythrocytopenia,
leucopenia, agranulocytosis,
pancytopenia. Allergic or
pseudoallergic reactions
including shock, allergic
vasculitis. Hypersensitivity to
light. Decreased serum Na.
Aggression, excitement &
hyperactivity may occur.
Diarrhea. Pseudomembranous
colitis may develop.
Hypersensitivity reactions
including skin rashes, uticaria &
very rare anaphylaxis. Transient
leucopenia occasionally
agranulocytosis, eosinophilia,
thrombocytopenia, erythema
multiforme polyarthritis &
abnormalities in the liver
function tests. Jaundice &
hepatic damage. Local irritation
& contact dermatitis.
Local irritation
Ursodeoxycholic acid
(Ursofalk)
10 mg/kg body weight/day

equivalent to: Up to 60 kg: 2
caps; up to 80 kg: 3 caps; up to
100 kg: 4 caps; >100 kg: 5 caps.
Each capsule also contains

maize starch, colloidal
anhydrous silica, magnesium
stearate, gelatin titanium
dioxide (E171) and sodium
dodecyl sulfate as inactive
ingredients.
class of bile acids
Treatment of cholestatic
Acute inflammation of
During treatment with Ursofalk,
liver disease. Dissolution
the gallbladder and
gallstone calcification may
of cholesterol gallstone
bile ducts; obstruction
occur. In rare cases, the stool
in the gallbladder. The
of the biliary tract
may become doughy.
gallstones should not
(common bile duct or
show up on x-ray and
cystic duct),
Decompensation of liver
should not be >15 mm.
inflammation disorders
cirrhosis has been observed in
The gallbladder must be
of the large and small
isolated cases during the
functioning despite of (a)
intestine, pregnancy.
treatment of primary biliary

cirrhosis of an advanced stage.
gallstone(s).
Treatment
of
biliary
reflux gastritis.
Symptomatic
of
visualized at x-ray, in
During the treatment of primary
patients with calcified
biliary cirrhosis with Ursofalk,
biliary
gallstones, disturbed
severe, right-sided epigastric
contractility of the
pain resulted in isolated cases.
provided
no
liver
cirrhosis is present
Insulin
(Humulin R)
100-mg cap
1.5 mg/kg per dose, with 1 initial
dose and 3 doses spread over
the day. Children >9 years
(approx >27 kg): 2
sachets/dose; 30 months - 9
years (approx 13-27 kg): 1
sachet/dose; 9-30 months
(approx 9-13 kg): 2
sachets/dose; 1-9 months: 1
sachet.dose.
The dosage should be

determined according to the
individual requirements of the
Hidrasec is an inhibitor of
enkephalinase, the enzyme
responsible for breaking down
enkephalins. It is a selective
but reversible inhibitor and
protects endogenous
enkephalins which are
physiologically active in the
digestive tract.
Hidrasec has a pure intestinal
antisecretory agent which has
been shown to have no effect
on GI motility. It reduces
intestinal hypersecretion of
water and electrolytes caused
by cholera toxin or
inflammation without affecting
basal secretion. There is
therefore no effect in the
normal intestine.
The time course of action of
any insulin may vary
considerably in different
discontinuing therapy.
treatment
decompensated
Racecadotril
(Hidrasec)
This receded, however, after
taken when the

gallbladder cannot be
primary
cirrhosis
Ursofalk should not be
gallbladder or frequent
biliary colic
For the treatment of
Known
A few cases of drowsiness have
acute diarrhea.
hypersensitivity to
been reported during clinical
racecadotril. Renal or
trials. Nausea and vomiting,
hepatic impairment.
constipation, dizziness and

headaches have also been
reported rarely. The side effects
have been mild, and equivalent
in nature, frequency and
intensity to those reported with
placebo. Post-marketing
surveillance has indicated side
effects to be extremely rare in
general use.
with diabetes mellitus for
the control of
Protamine zinc and

isophane insulin, and
insulin zinc
Lipodystrophy, insulin resistance

and hypersensitivity reactions
have been associated with
patient.
Moxifloxacin HCl
(Vigamox)
Orphenadrine
citrate+Paracetamol
(Norgesic Forte)
Olmesartan
medoxomil
(Olmetec)
individuals or at different times

in the same individual. As with
all insulin preparations, the
duration of action of Humulin
is dependent on dose, site of
injection, blood supply,
temperature and physical
activity.
1 drop tid for 4 days.
50mg/650mg/tab
1-2tab TID
20mg-40mg
OD

center
Blocks the vasoconstrictor and
aldosterone secreting effects
of angiotensin II by selectively
blocking the binding of the
angiotensin II to the
angiotensin I receptor in the
vascular smooth muscle.
hyperglycemia.
suspensions should
never be given IV and
are not indicated for
hyperglycemic coma.
Hypoglycemia.
insulin therapy, but the

incidence and severity of these
unwanted effects is minimal with
monocomponent insulin.
Common Problems of Diabetes:
Hypoglycemia (Insulin
Reaction): Hypoglycemia (too
little glucose in the blood) is one
of the most frequent adverse
events experienced by insulin
users. It can be brought about
by: Taking too much insulin;
missing or delaying meals;
exercising or working more than
usual; an infection or illness
(especially with diarrhea or
vomiting); a change in the
body's need for insulin; diseases
of the adrenal, pituitary or
thyroid gland, or progression of
kidney or liver disease;
interactions with other drugs that
lower blood glucose eg, oral
hypoglycemics, salicylates (eg,
aspirin), sulfa antibiotics and
certain antidepressants;
consumption of alcoholic
beverages.
Treatment of
bacterial conjunctivitis.
Hypersensitivity to
moxifloxacin or to
other quinolones.
Acute, chronic muscular

conditions, non-articular
rheumatism, whiplash
injury, acute torticollis,
tension headache,
dysmenorrhea.
Glaucoma,
myasthenia gravis,
prostatic hyperthropy,
bladder neck
obstruction
Transient ocular discomfort,

burning & stinging. Ocular pain,
pruritus & hyperemia.
Headache, keratitis, pharyngitis
& subconjunctival hemorrhage.
Nausea, dry mouth, blurred
vision, dizziness & restlessness
Treatment of essential
hypertension
Hypersensitivity
Hepatic impairment
Severe renal
impairment
Primary aldosteronism
Pregnancy & lactation
Biliary obstruction
Children &
adolescents up to
18yrs of age
Dizziness, vertigo, hypotension,

angina pectoris, bronchitis,
cough, pharyngitis, rhinitis,
abdominal pain, diarrhea,
dyspepsia, gastroenteritis,
nausea, rash, arthritis, back
pain., skeletal pain, hematuria,
UTI, chest pain, fatigue,
hypersensitivity
Ensure
250kCal
Bethanecol Chloride
(Uriflow)
Memantine HCl
(Zimerz)
5-20mg
Patients requiring
supplementation,
convalescence, early or
uncomplicated
carcinoma, coma, pre-op
prep, post-op care,
bowel prep, moderate
protein-caloric
malnutrition, nutritional
support of chronically ill
or elderly patients
Stimulates muscarinic
acetylcholine receptors
directly; mimics effects of
parasympathetic system
stimulation; stimulates gastric
motility, micturition; increases
lower esophageal sphincter
pressure
Antagonist action of CNS
NMDA receptorsthat may
contribute to the symptoms of
Alzheimers disease
Adjunct in the treatment of
myoclonus of cortical origin,
dementia, alcoholism, vertigo,
CVA, behavioral disorders in
children, after trauma or
surgery.
Piracetam
4.8-6gm/day
Trimetazidine
(Vestar)
35mg
Fondaparinux Na
(Arixtra)
2.5-7.5mg
Sythetic activated Factor X

inhibitor,
that
binds
to
antithrombin III
Dobutamine
2.5-40 mcg/kg/min IV infusion
Directly stimulates beta 1

receptors
to
increase
myocardial contractility and
stroke
volume.
Decrease
vascular resistance, reduces
ventricular filing pressure and
facilitate AV node conduction
Levetiracetam
(Keppra)
500-1500mg BID
Moderate to severe
Alzheimers disease
Hypersensitivity
Hallucination, confusion,
dizziness, headache, tiredness
CVA, cerebral circulatory

insufficiency,
chronic
manifestations of CVA or
cerebral atherosclerosis,
post-traumatic
syndromes
Angina
pectoris,
ischemia
of
neurosensorial
tissues
as in Menieres disease
Prevention of venous
thromboembolic events
undergoing
major
orthopedic surgery of
lower limbs. Unstable
angina, NSTEMI, ACS,
MI, refractory ischemia
Severe
renal
insufficiency, cerebral
hemorrhage,
end
stage renal disease.
Nervousness,
agitation,
irritability,
anxiety,
sleep
disturbances.
Hypersensitivity,
pregnancy
GI
disturbances;
vomiting
nausea,
Clinically
significant
bleeding,
acute
bacterial endocarditis
Anemia,
edema
purpura,
Inotropic support of the

myocardium for acute
congestive heart failure
or cardiogenic shock
Adjunctive therapy in the
treatment of partial onset
seizures w/ or w/out
secondary generalization
bleeding,
Obstructive
cardiomyopathy
Hypersensitivity.
Pregnancy
lactation
and
Asthenia,
somnolence.
Amnesia, ataxia, convulsion,
dizziness,
headache,
hyperkinesia, tremor, agitation,
Epoietin
50-100units/kg
Rebamipide
100 mg tid, in the morning,

evening and before bed.
Ivabradine (Coralan)
Usual recommended initial dose:

5 mg bid. Increase if necessary
to 7.5 mg bid after 3-4 weeks.
Titrate downward to 2.5-5 mg
bid if patient
develops bradycardia symptoms
(e.g. dizziness, fatigue) or
resting heart rate is persistently
<50 beats/min).
Elderly: 75 yr old: Initiate
treatment at 2.5 mg bid. Titrate
up if necessary.
Renal impairment: Caution in
patients with CrCl <15 ml/min.
Lansoprazole
Peptic ulcer
Adult: 30 mg once daily in the
morning given for 4 wk
(duodenal ulcer) or for 8 wk
(gastric ulcer).
Hypersecretory conditions
Adult: Initially, 60 mg daily and
adjust as required. Daily doses
>120 mg should be given in 2
divided doses.
Acid-related dyspepsia
Adult: 15-30 mg once daily in the
morning for 2-4 wk.
Gastro-oesophageal
reflux disease
Adult: 30 mg once daily in the
morning for 4-8 wk.
Mimics effects of
erythropoietin which functions
as a growth factor and as a
differentiating factor,
enhancing RBC production
Rebamipide is a mucosal
protective agent and is
postulated to increase gastric
blood flow, prostaglandin
biosynthesis and decrease
free oxygen radicals.
Ivabradine is a heart rate
lowering agent that works
through selective and specific
inhibition of the cardiac
pacemaker If current. If current
controls the spontaneous
diastolic depolarisation in the
sinus node and regulate heart
rate.
in adults and children

from 4yrs of age w/
epilepsy
Treatment of anemia
associated with renal
insufficiency or CRF
Hypersensitivity
depression, emotional lability,

hostility, insomnia, nervousness,
personality and mental disorders
Hypertension, seizures,
arthralgia, asthenia, chest pain,
diarrhea, edema, headache,
nausea, vomiting, tachycardia
Peptic Ulcer, Gastritis
Lactation.
Rash, pruritus, constipation,

diarrhoea, nausea.
Chronic stable angina

pectoris in coronary
artery disease patients
with normal sinus rhythm
Pregnancy, lactation,
resting heart rate <60
beats/min prior to
treatment, cardiogenic
shock, acute
myocardial infarction,
severe hypotension
(<90/50 mmHg),
severe hepatic
insufficiency, sick
sinus syndrome, sinoatrial block, heart
failure patients with
NYHA class III-IV,
pacemaker
dependent, unstable
angina, 3rd degree
AV-block, concurrent
use with potent
CYP3A4 inhibitors.
Luminous phenomena
(phosphena), blurred vision,
bradycardia, 1st degree AVblock, ventricular extrasystole,
supraventricular extrasystoles,
palpitations, headache,
dizziness, nausea, constipation,
diarrhoea, vertigo, dyspnoea,
muscle cramps, hyperuricaemia,
eosinophilia, elevated bloodcreatinine.
Peptic ulcer
Hypersecretory
conditions
Acid-related dyspepsia
Gastro-oesophageal
reflux disease
NSAID-associated
ulceration
Prophylaxis of NSAIDinduced ulcers
H.pylori infection
Erosive oesophagitis
Trimetazadine
hydrochloride
Maintenance: 15-30 mg once

daily according to response.
NSAID-associated ulceration
Adult: 15-30 mg daily for 4-8 wk.
Prophylaxis of NSAID-induced
ulcers
Adult: 15-30 mg daily for 4-8 wk.l
H.pylori infection
Adult: 1-wk triple therapy: 30 mg
bid combined with clarithromycin
500 mg bid and either amoxicillin
1 g bid or metronidazole 400 mg
bid.
Erosive oesophagitis
Adult: 30 mg over 30 minutes
daily for up to 7 days
As conventional tab: 40-60 mg
daily in divided doses.
Remabamipide
Adult: 100 mg tid, in the

morning, evening and before
bed.
Bromazepam
Adult: Initially, 6-18 mg daily in

divided doses. Doses up to 60
mg daily have been used.
Elderly: Max initial dose: 3 mg
daily.
Trimetazidine is a cellular
acting anti-ischaemic agent. It
has 3 main properties by
which it acts as a
cytoprotective agent. It inhibits
the anaerobic glycolysis and
fatty acid metabolism, thus
allowing only aerobic
glycolysis. This action helps to
restore the energy balance in
the cell. It inhibits acidosis and
free radical accumulation in
the cell. All these action help
the cell to restore the normal
ionic and metabolic balance.
Rebamipide is a mucosal
protective agent and is
postulated to increase gastric
blood flow, prostaglandin
biosynthesis and decrease
free oxygen radicals.
Bromazepam is a
benzodiazepine with general
properties similar to diazepam.
It is used in the treatment of
anxiety occuring alone or
associated with insomnia.
Angina pectoris,
Meniere's disease
Peptic ulcer, Gastritis
Anxiety
Hypersensitivity.
Pregnancy and
lactation.
GI disturbances, vomiting,
nausea.
Lactation
Rash, pruritus, constipation,

diarrhoea, nausea
Preexisting CNS
depression or coma,
resp depression, acute
pulmonary
insufficiency or sleep
apnea; severe hepatic
impairment; not
indicated for chronic
psychosis, phobic or
obsessional states;
may precipitate
suicide or aggressive
behavior, not used
alone to treat
Drowsiness, sedation, muscle

weakness and ataxia; less
frequently vertigo, headache,
confusion, depression, slurred
speech, changes in libido,
tremor, visual disturbances,
urinary retention, GI
disturbances, changes in
salivation and amnesia; rarely,
jaundice, blood disorders and
hypersensitivity reactions; pain
and thrombophlebitis; raised
liver enzyme values; paradoxical
excitation.
Roxithromycin
Adult: 150 mg bid or 300 mg

once daily for 5-10 days in
susceptible infections.
Perindropril
Adult: As erbumine: Initially, 4

mg once daily. 1st dose
preferably given at bedtime.
Patients with renovascular
hypertension, volume depletion,
severe hypertension: Initially, 2
mg once daily. Max: 8 mg daily.
Patients on diuretics: Withdraw
diuretics 2 or 3 days before
perindropil therapy. Resume
later if required. If diuretic cannot
be discontinued, an initial dose
of 2 mg once daily may be
given.
Elderly: As erbumine: Initially, 2
mg once daily. May be
progressively increased to 4 mg
after 1 mth then to 8 mg if
needed according to renal
function.
Roxithromycin inhibits protein

synthesis by irreversibly
binding to the 50s ribosomal
subunits thus blocking the
transpeptidation or
translocation reactions of
susceptible organisms
resulting in stunted cell
growth.
Perindopril is a prodrug of
perindoprilat, which is a
competitive ACE inhibitor.
Perindoprilat prevents
conversion of angiotensin I to
angiotensin II. It acts as a
vasodilator and it reduces
peripheral resistance.
depression or anxiety
associated with
depression; glaucoma.
Hypersensitivity.
Porphyria.
Susceptible infections
Hypertension, Heart
Failure, Stable Ischemic
Heart Disease
History of angioedema
related to previous
ACE inhibitor
treatment. Pregnancy
(2nd/3rd trimesters).
Nausea, vomiting, abdominal

pain, diarrhoea, weakness,
malaise, anorexia, constipation,
dyspepsia, flatulence; hepatitis;
rashes, headache, dizziness,
weakness, changes in blood
counts; increased liver enzyme
values; eosinophilia; rarely,
acute pancreatitis.
Headache, dizziness, sleep
disorders, depression, fever,
nervousness, somnolence;
cough, upper respiratory tract
infection, sinusitis, rhinitis,
pharyngitis; oedema, chest pain,
abnormal ECG, palpitation;
rash; hyperkalaemia, elevated
triglycerides, menstrual disorder;
nausea, diarrhoea, vomiting,
dyspepsia, abdominal pain,
flatulence: UTI, sexual
dysfunction; increased LFTs;
weakness, musculoskeletal
pain, upper and lower extremity
pain, hypertonia, paraesthesia;
proteinuria; tinnitus, ear
infection; viral infection, allergy.
iD R U G I N D E X
Generic/ Brand
Name
Acetazolamide
Dosage
Mode of Action
Indications
Contraindications
250-375
mg/day
250-1000 mg
24 hrly
8-30
mg/kg/day
the drug forces the kidneys to excrete

bicarbonate, the conjugate base of
carbonic acid. By increasing the amount
of bicarbonate excreted in the urine, the
blood becomes more acidic. Acidifying
the blood stimulates ventilation, which
increases the amount of oxygen in the
blood
Prophylaxis of high altitude

sickness, Acute closed angle
glaucoma, Epilepsy
Hypersensitivity to
sulphonamides; sodium or
potassium depletion, hepatic
insufficiency; hepatic
cirrhosis; hyperchloraemic
acidosis; severe renal
impairment; severe
pulmonary obstruction;
chronic noncongestive angleclosure glaucoma;
adrenocortical insufficiency.
325 mg/tab or
Antithrombotic, analgesic/antipyretic
Prophylaxis of
Use with caution in patients
Adverse Effects
Drowsiness, paraesthesia,
ataxia, dizziness, thirst,
anorexia, headache;
confusion, malaise,
depression; GI distress,
metabolic acidosis, polyuria,
hyperuricaemia, renal calculi,
dysfunction.
Potentially Fatal: Rarely, skin
reactions or blood
dyscrasias.
Gastric hemorrhage,
(Aspirin)
80 mg/tab
Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, resulting

in analgesia, anti-inflammatory activity
and platelet aggregation inhibition;
reduces fever by aacting on the brains
heat-regulating canter to promote
vasodilation and sweating.
Allopurinol
(Allomaron,
Allurase, Alpurase,
Elavil, Llanol,
Lopric, Lopurine,
Loricid, Purinase)
300mg / tab
Adult 2-10
mg/kg
BW/day.
Mild 100-200
mg daily.
Moderately
severe 300600 mg daily
200mg Thru
IM OD
Absorption of most oral penicillins is

impaired by food (except amoxicillin), and
should be administered 1-2 hours before
a meal. Intravenous route is preferred
because of irritation and local pian
produced by the intramuscular injection
of large doses. Penicillin is rapidly
excreted by the kidney into the urine,
small amounts excreted via other routes
Inhibits protein synthesis in susceptible
bacteria by binding to 30s ribosomal
subunits
As a supplement to amino acid solutions
or an amino acid-containing infusion
regimen in parenteral nutrition for
hypercatabolic or hypermetabolic patients
Amikacin
thromboembolic disorder;
prevention of MI & stroke
For bacterial septicemia

including neonatal sepsis
Amino acids
(Dipeptiven)
1.5-2ml/kg
BW/day, max
3 wk
Amoxicillin
500 mg/ cap

P.O
Inhibit cell wall synthesis. Beta lactamase

inhibitor and protect hydrolysable
penicillins from inactivation.
Amoxiclav
Clavulanic acid Amoxicillin
1 g tab once a
day

Ampicillin
100mg Thru
IM Q12

caused by susceptible gm+ve
and gm-ve microorganism
Ascorbic acid
500 mg/ tab
Necessary for collagen formation and

tissue repair; involved in some oxidationreduction reactions as well as other
metabolic pathways
Prevent and treat scurvy
Asparaginase
Adults and
Respiratory tract, skin & soft

tissue infections
prone to dyspepsia or known

to have a lesion of the gastric
mucosa. Do not administer to
patients with hemophilia and
is not recommended to
infants <1 year. Caution is
necessary when renal or
hepatic function is impaired
and particularly in children
who are dehydrated
Hepatic or renal impairment
(reduce dose). Initiate
therapy after acute gout
attack has subsided
Hypersensitivity to amino
glycosides
Monitor hepatic function in
patients with compensated
Pregnancy and lactation ,
children
Contraindicated in patients
with penicillin
hypersensitivity.
Superinfections involving
pseudomonas or candida.
Pregnancy and lactation.
with penicillin
hypersensitivity.
Pregnancy and lactation
with penicillin
hypersensitivity.
reactions (discontinue).
Acute attack of gouty arthritis
in early stages of therapy. GI
disturbance. Blood &
lymphatic system disorders.
Fever, general malaise,
headache, vertigo, ataxia.
Ototoxicity and
nephrotoxicity. Rarely, fever
and paresthesia

skin rashes, urticaria,
vaginitis, abdominal
discomfort, flatulence,
headache
Diarrhea, nausea, skin
rashes, urticaria, vaginitis,
Diarrhea, nausea, skin

rashes, urticaria, vaginitis,
Hyperoxaluria
None
Hypersenstivity. Pregnancy:
(Elspar, Oncaspar,
Erwinase)
children: 200
IU/KG
intravenously
daily for 28
days
Atorvastatin Ca
Lipitor
10 mg/tab
Bacillus clausal
(Erceflora)
2billion/5ml
Adult : 2~3
vials/day,
children :
1~2vials/day
Bromazepam
Lexotan
1.5 mg/tab TID
Bromazepam
(Lexotan)
1.5-3 mg up to
tid
6-12 mg bid-tid
Cefazolin
0.5~1gram
every 5~12
hours
Max 6g/day

membranes to inhibit bacterial cell wall
synthesis by mechanisms similar to those
of the penicillins
Cefoxitin sodium
(Monowel)
1g IV every 8
hours
Ceftriaxone
1~2 g once a
daily
Active against g+ cocci (pneumococci,

streptococci and staphylococci) and gorganisms. Active against B fragilis and
some Serratia species but less active
against H influenzae. Exhibit in vitro
activity against enterobacter species, but
should not be used to treat infections
caused by these organisms because
resistant mutants constitutively express a
chromosomal beta-lactamase that
hydrolyzes these compounds are readily
selected.
Use only if potential benefit

justifies risk to the fetus
Breast Feeding: Discontinue
nursing or the drug
Inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, the rate

limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis,
result in compensatory increase in
expression of LDL receptors on
hepatocyte membranes & stimulation of
LDL catabolism
Antidiarrheal
Binds to stereo specific benzodiazepine

receptors on the post synaptic GABA
neuron at the several sites within the
CNS. Enhancement of the inhibitory
effect of GABA on neuronal excitability
results by increased neuronal membrane
permeability to chloride ions.
Bromazepam is a "classical"
benzodiazepine.
primary

pregnancy and lactation.
Treatment of acute diarrhea

with duration of 14 days due
to infections, drugs or
duration of 14 days
depressive mood, nervous
tension, agitation, insomnia,
respiratory system. Adjuvant
to psychotherapy in
psychoneurosis
Anxiety & tension states,
depressive mood, nervous
tension, agitation & insomnia.
Adjuvant to psychotherapy in
psychoneurosis
2nd generation
cephalosporin
N/A

thrombosis, CNS depression
or hyperexcitability, acute
headache, myalgia,
insomnia, muscle cramps,
peripheral edema
N/A
Early pregnancy, lactation,

myasthenia gravis

excitation.
Early pregnancy, lactation.

Myasthenia gravis

insomnia or excitation.
Hypersensitivity to
cephalosporin

urinary output due to renal
insufficiency. Precaution
when used for neonates
Shock, hypersensitivity
reaction, granulocytopenia,
eosinophilia,
dizziness, malaise
thrombophlebitis,
maculopapular and
fever
Hypersensitivity to
cephalosporin
Lower respiratory tract. Acute

bacterial otitis media, skin &

of the penicillins
skin structure, urinary tract,

prophylaxis
sickness-like fever,
anaphylaxis, neutropenia,
thrombocytopenia, ATN,
acute intestinal nephritis
Cefuroxime
(Zinnat)
500mg every
12 hours
IV, oral

of the penicillins

hypersensitive to the drug or

other nitroimidazole
derivatives and in patients in
st
1 trimester of pregnancy
Ciprofloxacin HCl
Prozine
500mg / tab
Cystic fibrosis
20mg/kg, max
750mg BID
Gonorrhea
500mg OD
Inhibits DNA-gyrase in susceptible

organism; inhibit relaxation of supercoiled
DNA and promotes breakage of doublestranded DNA

methicillin-resistant S.aureus
infections
Citicholine;
cytidine 5'diphosphocholine
200-600 mg
for head injury
Cerebrovascul
ar disorders
Adult: 200-600
mg daily in
divided doses.
Oral
Parkinsonism
Adult: 200-600
mg daily in
divided doses.
Parenteral
Oral:
0.1,0.2,0.3 mg
tablets
Patche:
release
0.1,0.2,0.3
mg/24 hrs
625mg / cap
BID or TID
Citicoline increases blood flow and O2

consumption in the brain. It is also
involved in the biosynthesis of lecithin

Treatment of wide range of
infections including anthrax,
biliary tract infection, bone &
joint infections, brucellosis,
infected bites & stings, cat
scratch disease, chancroid,
exacerbations of cystic
fibrosis, gastroenteritis,
externa, peritonitis, Q fever,
lower respiratory tract
infection
Head injury
Parkinsonism
Clonidine
(Catapres)
Co-amoxiclav
(Augmentin)
Partial alpha-2 antagonist. Decrease

preganglionic sympathetic outflow from
brain resulting in decrease in blood
pressure
Clavunate blocks the beta lactamae

enzymes, thus, rendering the organisms
hypersensitivity reaction
Parasympathetic hypertonia.
Decrease dose with renal

insufficiency
necrolysis
jaundice, hepatitis.
Eosinophilia, leucopenia,
anemia or agranulocytosis.
Transient increase in serum
creatinine or BUN
Stomach pain, diarrhea;
bradycardia.
Orthostatic hypotension,
rash, drowsiness, dry mouth,
Side effects are uncommon

and mainly of a mild and
sensitive to the amoxicillins rapid

bactericidal effect at concentrations
readily attainable in the body.
Clavunalate by itself has little bactericidal
activity; however, in association with
amoxicillin, it produces an antibiotic agent
of broad spectrum
Nonsteroidal Anti0inflammatory Drugs
Diclofenac K
(Cataflam)
50~150mg
/day
Diltiazem HCl
Dilzem
90 mg/ tab OD
Calcium antagonist
Inhibits movement of calcium ions across
cell membrane in systemic and coronary
vascular smooth muscle; slows calcium
ion movement across cell membranes in
both cardiac muscle and cardiac
pacemaker cells, decreasing sinoatrial
and atrioventricular conduction
Diphenhydramine
(Benadryl)
50mg/mL for
injection
H1 receptor antagonist / Antihistamine

Competes with histamine for H1-receptor
sites on effector cells in the
gastrointestinal tract, blood vessels, and
respiratory tract
Diphenhydramine
1mg/kg/dose
Competes with histamine for H1 receptor

sites on effector cells in the GIT, blood
vessels & respiratory tract
Domperidone
(Motilium)
10mg, 1mg/ml
1tab TID
Peripheral dopamine receptor blocking

properties. It increase esophageal
peristalsis and increase lower
esophageal sphincter pressure, increase
gastric motility and peristalsis and
enhances gastroduodenal coordination,
therefore, facilitating gastric emptying
and decrease small bowel transit time
Doxorubicin
IV 60-75
Doxorubicin prevents DNA replication.
transitory nature
Short term treatment of posttraumatic & post op pain &

inflammation, dysmenorrheal,
migraine, adnexitis
Known hypersensitivity to
diclofenac or other NSAIDs,
gastric or intestinal ulcer

sickness
conjunctivitis, inpruritic skin
disorder
Allergic reactions; motion
sickness
GIT ulceration or
inflammation
Dyspeptic symptom complex

associated with delayed
gastric emptying, GERD,
satiety, feeling of abdominal
distention, upper abdominal
pain; bloating, erucation,
flatulence; heartburn w/ or
w/o regurgitations of gastric
contents in the mouth.
functional, organic, infectious
or dietetic origin or induced
nd
Sick sinus syndrome, 2 or

rd
3 degree AV block,
hypotension, pregnancy
acute MI
Acute asthma attacks,

premature infants or
neonates & nursing mothers
Occasionally, GI disorder,
HA, dizziness, vertigo, rash,
elevation of serum
transaminase
Peripheral edema,
hypotension bradycardia,
angina, AV block, abnormal
ECG, arrhythmias; CNS:
dizziness, lightheadedness,
headache, weakness,
shakiness, somnolence,
asthenia; DERM: dermatitis,
photosensitivity, petechiae,
rash; GI: nausea, vomiting,
constipation, abdominal
discomfort, cramps,
GI hemorrhage, mechanical
obstruction or perforation; in
patients w/ prolactinreleasing pituitary tumor
intolerance to the drug.
Urticaria, rashes,
anaphylactic shock,
photosensitivity, excessive
perspiration
Very rarely, transient
intestinal cramps.
Galactorrhea. Gynecomastia.
Amenorrhea.
Close observation is required
(Adriblastina,
Adrim, Axibin,
Caelyx, Dactorubin,
Rubidox)
mg/m as
single dose at
21 day interval
Enoxaparin sodium
The exact mechanism is still being

studied, but it may be a "topoisomerase
inhibitor". Topoisomerases are enzymes
that temporarily cut one strand of DNA
during replication to help unwind the
double helix.. Doxorubicin prevents the
topoisomerase from reattaching the cut
ends
Causes higher anti-factor Xa to
antithrombin activities (anti-factor IIa)
ration than heparin, which may prevent
thrombosis
Erceflora
Bacillus clausal
2billion/5ml
Adult : 2~3
vials/day,
children :
1~2vials/day
Antidiarrheal
Esomeprazole
(Nexium)
40 mg/tab
suppresses gastric acid secretion by

+ +
specific inhibition of the H /K ATPase in
the gastric parietal cell.
Etoricoxib
(Arcoxia)
90 mg/tab OD
For relief of acute or chronic pain
Ferrous sulfate
1 tab
Flenax forte
550mg / tab
BID
Replaces iron, found in hemoglobin,

myoglobin, and other enzymes; allows
the transportation of oxygen via
hemoglobin
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs
( NSAIDs)
Furosemide
(Fremid, Fretic,
Initially 20-40
mg IV/IM. If
Frusemide primarily inhibits sodium and

chloride absorption in the thick ascending
Treatment of acute diarrhea

with duration of 14 days due
to infections, drugs or
duration of 14 days
Erosive esophagitis, peptic
ulcer, ZES, GERD
Prevention & treatment of

iron deficiency anemia
Relief of mild to moderately

sever pain & fever w/ or w/o
inflammation eg
post-op pain & post dental
extraction
esp during initial treatment.

Monitor cardiac function.
Myelosuppression &
immunosuppression. Hepatic
impairment, obesity &
extravasation
Myelosuppression &
leucopenia. Dehydration &
facial flushing
Use with caution in patients

prone to dyspepsia or known
to have a lesion of the gastric
mucosa. Do not administer to
patients with hemophilia and
is not recommended to
infants <1 year. Caution is
necessary when renal or
hepatic function is impaired
and particularly in children
who are dehydrated
N/A
Derma: local eythema,

Hema: hemorrhage,
thrombocytopenia, anemia,
Other: local irritation and
pain; hematoma; nausea,
peripheral edema
Hypersensitivity
Headache, diarrhoea,
abdominal pain, nausea,
flatulence, dry mouth,
constipation, hyponatraemia,
photosensitivity,
angioedema, anaphylaxis.
ALT & AST
Advanced renal disease;

preexisting edema,
hypertension or heart failure;
liver dysfunction; previous
acute asthmatic attacks,
urticaria or rhinitis
precipitated by salicylates or
nonselective COX inhibitors
Thalassemia, Sideroblastic
anemia, hemochromatosis
N/A
GI disturbances, allergic
reactions, hyperbilirubinemia
Aspirin or other NSAIDs

induced asthma, rhinitis or
urticaria. Children under 2 y/o
Abdominal discomfort,
epigastric distress, GI
reaction, peptic ulceration,
HA, nausea, peripheral
edema
manifest diabetes mellitus,
dehydration,
Frusema,
Furoscan, Fusimex,
Lasix)
diuretic effect
is not
satisfactory,
dose may be
increased
stepwise, at 2hrly interval by
20 mg each
time until
satisfactory
diuresis is
obtained, the
dose should
then be given
once-bid
1~1.7mg/kg
every 8 hours
limb of the loop of Henle
Hydrocortisone
5mg/kg/dose
Hydrocortisone
sodium succinate
(Solu-cortef)
100mg IV
every 8 hours
Decreases inflammation by suppression

of migration of PMNs and reversal of
increased capillary permeability
Corticosteroids enter the cell and bind to
cytosolic receptors that transport the
steoid into the nucleus. The steroidreceptor complex alters gene expression
by binding to glucocorticoid response
elements (GREs) or mineralocorticoidspecific elements. Tissue-specific
responses to steroids are made possible
by the presence in each tissue of
different protein regulators that control
the interaction between the hormonereceptor complex and particular response
elements
Hydroxyurea
(Hydab, Krabinex,
Litalir)
Myeloproliferat
ive disorders
20-30 mg/kg
daily. Acute
leukemia 5075 mg/kg
Gentamycin
Aminoglycoside
Cuases cell death by specific inhibition of

DNA synthesis. This action cuases
regressions in chronic myeloid leukemia
and other malignancies and psoriasis.
The S-phase-specifec action of
hydroxyrea can deplete bone marrow
Bone & joint infection. CNS.

Burnn & wound infection.
UTI. Acute & chronic
suppurative otitis media,
pneumonia, septicemia *
sinusitis
Endocrine, hematologic,
rheumatic and collagen
disorders
gout, obstruction of urinary

passages; hepatic cirrhosis
w/ concomitant renal
insufficiency;
hypoproteinaemia; premature
infant. Pregnancy, lactation
hemoconcentration;
metabolic acidosis; increase
of blood lipid levels, urea,
uric acid; reduced glucose
tolerance; hearing disorders,
tinnitus; pancreatitis, GI
symptoms; fever, vasculitis,
interstitial nephritis; hemolytic
or aplastic anemia,
leukocytopenia,
agranulocytosis,
thrombocytopenia
Hypersensitivity to
amynoglycosides

numbness, skin tingling,
muscle twitching, respiratory
confusion.
Allergic reactions
TB skin infections, herpes

simplex, vaccinia,
hypersensitivity
Corticosteroids may mask
some signs of infection, and
new infections may appear
during their use. There may
be decreased resistance and
inability to localize infection
when corticosteroids are
used. Prolonged use of
corticosteroids may produce
posterior subcapsular
cataracts, glaucoma with
possible damage to the optic
nerves, and may enhance
the establishment of
secondary ocular infections
Corticosteroids should be
used cautiously in patients
with ocular herpes simplex
for fear of corneal
perforation.
parameters during treatment.
Chickenpox or herpes
infection, active infection or
dental disease, marked renal
Sodium retention, fluid

retention, congestive heart
failure in susceptible patients,
potassium loss, hypokalemic
alkalosis, hypertension,
increased calcium excretion,
steroid myopathy. Increase in
alanine transaminase (ALT,
SGPT), aspartate
transaminase (AST, SGOT)
and alkaline phosphatase,
these changes are usually
small, not associated with
any clinical syndrome and
are reversible upon
discontinuation
leukopenia,
thrombocytopenia; burning,
redness or pain at site of
radiation therapy; erythema,
maculopapular rash, sore
precurso cells associated with

megaloblastic changes
(Buscopan)
10mg/tab,
20mg/amp
1~2 tab / amp
IV several
times
Reversible .blockade of the actions of

cholinomimetics at muscarinic receptors
(Imdur)
325 mg/tab or
80 mg/tab
Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, resulting

in analgesia, anti-inflammatory activity
and platelet aggregation inhibition;
reduces fever by acting on the brains
heat-regulating canter to promote
vasodilation and sweating
Isoxsuprine HCl
(Isoxilan)
Ketoprofen
(Orudis)
Ketorolac
trometamol
(Toradol)
Isoxsuprine, a -adrenoceptor agonist, is

an orally and perenterally active
peripheral vasodilator. It has a strong
relaxing action on arteries and to a
certain extent, also on cutaneous blood
vessels. In addition to this, it had a direct
relaxant effect on the smooth muscle
tissue of the uteru
100-300 mg IV
daily for a max
of 48 hrs
30 mg IV TID
nephrolithiasis, patients who

have received radiation or
cytotoxic therapy causing
myelosuppression
Acute GI, biliary &

including biliary & renal colic.
Parenterally also as an aid in
diagnostic & therapeutic
procedures eg
gastroduodenal endoscopy,
radiology
Avoid driving and operating

machinery after parenteral
administration
Patients prone to dyspepsia

or known to have a lesion of
the gastric mucosa. Do not
administer to patients with
recommended to infants <1
year. Caution is necessary
function is impaired and
particularly in children who
are dehydrated.
Recent arterial hemorrhage,
heart disease, severe
membranes or immediately
post partum
Analgesic
Renal impairment
Analgesic, can also replace morphine in

situations involving mild to moderate pot
op pain
Special Precautions: in
patients with impaired renal
function. History of GIT
disease, anaphylactoid
reactions, elderly,
coagulation disorders. Avoid
driving and operating
mouth or lips, skin rash; fever

or chills, cough or sore
throat; constipation or
diarrhea; stomatitis; difficulty
in micturition, nausea,
vomiting, low back pain,
fatigue, hyperuricemia
Xerostomia, tachycardia,
urinary retention, allergic
reactions, skin reactions
Gastric hemorrhage,

dizziness, nausea, vomiting
and rash have been reported.
reduction and by supine
position of the patient and
reversed if necessary by
parenteral administration of
noradrenaline.
drowsiness, dizziness,
edema, bullous dermatoses
Lactulose
(Duphalac)
3.3g/5ml
Starting
Adult :
15~45ml
Child :5~15ml
Maintenance
Adult :
10~25ml
Child :5~20ml
Laxative; the fecal bulk is increased and

softened and peristalsis is stimulated, by
which normal bowel action is restored.
Lactulose does not irritate gut mucosa
Loperamide
(Diatabs, Imodium)
2mg/cap,
2cap followed
by 1cap after
unformed stool
Maalox
Al(OH)3 200mg,
Mg(OH)2 200mg
Mannitol
Chewtab 2~4
Susp 2~4tsp
QID
0.2 g/kg over
3-5 mins
50-100 g in a
24-hr period
via infusion
0.25-2 g/kg
over 30-60
mins
Directly acts on intestinal muscles to

inhibit peristalsis and prolongs transit
time enhancing fluid & electrolyte
movement through intestinal mucosa;
reduces fecal volume, increase viscosity
& diminishes fluid and electrolyte loss;
demonstrates antisecretory activity;
exhibits peripheral action
Antacids, antireflux & antiulcerants
agents
Mefenamic acid
500 mg/cap
P.O
Methotrexate
(Biomedis
Methotrexate soln,
Emthexate vial,
Methobax vial,
Pfizer Methotrexate
vial)
Induction 3.3
mg/m2 w/
prednisolone
60 mg/m2
daily.
Maintenance
therapy 30
mg/m2 IM
twice
wkly or 2.5
Mannitol increases urinary output by

inhibiting tubular reabsorption of water
and electrolytes. It raises the osmotic
pressure of the plasma allowing water to
be drawn out of body tissues.
Onset: Diuresis: 1-3 hr. Reduction in
intracerebral pressure: around 15 min.
Duration: Reduction in intracerebral
pressure: 1.5-6 hr.
Absorption: Small amounts are absorbed
from the GI tract.
Distribution: Concentrated in extracellular
compartments. It does not penetrate the
blood-brain barrier nor the eye.
Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis by
decreasing the activity of the enzyme,
cyclooxygenase, which results in
decrease formation of the protaglandin
precursor
Inhibits dihydrofolic acid reductase and
therefore interferes with DNA synthesis
and cell replication. Actively multiplying
cells such as malignant cells, bone
marrow, foetal cells, buccal and intestinal
mucosa and cells in urinary bladder are
more sensitive. In patients with
rheumatoid arthritis, mehtotrexate
reduces joint swelling and tenderness
Constipation associated with

ped problems, post-op;
pregnancy & postnatal
period; bedridden & geriatric
patients; surgical procedures;
painful rectal & anal
conditions; laxative
dependence; barium x-ray
investigation; drug-induced
constipation
Anti-diarrheal
Symptomatic control of acute
& chronic diarrhea, ileostomy
machinery
Galactosemia, bowel
obstruction, hypersensitivity
Special concerns in lactose
intolerance

flatulence and meteorism,
which are usually transient
and disappear under
continued therapy
Diarrhea
Constipation, acute
ulcerative,
acute dysentery
Constipation, nausea,
vomiting, tiredness,
drowsiness or dizziness, dry
mouth
hyperacidity
Severe debilitation, kidney

failure
Oliguric phase of renal

failure, Raised intracranial
pressure, Cerebral oedema,
Transurethral prostatic
resection
Pulmonary congestion or
oedema; intracranial
bleeding; CHF; metabolic
oedema with abnormal
capillary fragility; anuria due
to severe renal disease;
severe dehydration
Fluid and electrolyte

imbalance; acidosis (with
high doses). Nausea,
vomiting, thirst; headache,
dizziness, convulsions, chills,
fever; tachycardia, chest
pain; blurred vision; urticaria
and hypotension or
hypertension; acute renal
failure; skin necrosis;
thrombophloebitis.
Pain, headache, muscular

and traumatic pain, dental
pain, post-op & post partum
pain, dysmenorrhea
GIT ulceration or
inflammation
Preexisting liver damage or

impaired hepatic function.
preexisting bone marrow
aplasia, leucopenia,
thrombocytopenia or
anaemia. Infection, peptic
ulcer, ulcerative colitis,
debility & extreme youth &
old age. Monitor renal
Dermatological &
Bone marrow depression,
leucopenia, neutropenia,
thrombocytopenia,
mg/kg IV every
14 days
Methylergometrine
hydrogen maleate
(Methergin)
125~250mg
orally TID
Methylergonovine
(Syntocinon)
Metoclopramide
HCl
(Reglan, Plasil)
10mg/tab,
5mg/5ml susp.
10-15mg QID,
30 minutes
before food
intak IV, Tab,
Syrup
Metoprolol
(Neobloc)
Metronidazole
function & serum levels when

giving high dose; give Ca
folinate, hydration & urine
alkalinisation
rd
Similar smooth muscle actions as seen

with ergotamine; however, affects
primarily uterine smooth muscle
producing sustained contractions and
thereby shorten the third stage of labor
Produces rhythmic uterine contractions
and can stimulate the gravid uterus; has
vasopressive and antidiuretic effects; can
control postpartum bleeding or
hemorrhage by increasing postpartum
myometrial tonus
Completion of 3 stage labor.

Uterine atony/hemorrhage
Metoclopramide stimulates motility of the

upper GIT without stimulating gastric,
biliary or pancreatic secretions. Its mode
of action is unclear. It seems to sensitize
tissues to the action of acetylcholine. The
effect of metoclopramide on motility is not
dependent on intact vagal innervation,
but it can be abolished by
anticholinesterase. Blocks dopamine and
serotonin in the CTZ of the CNS, which is
responsible for its antiemetic action. Also
increases LES tone
Antiemetic, prokinetic agent

Disturbances of GI motility
including GERD & diabetic
gastroparesis. Nausea &
vomiting of central &
peripheral origin associated
with surgery, metabolic
disease, infectious disease,
migraine headache or drugs
including cancer
radiological procedure of GIT
The -blocking activity primarily affects

the cardiovascular system (decreases
heart rate, decreases contractility,
decreases BP) and lungs (promotes
bronchospasm)
500mg every 8
A direct acting trichomonacide and
Abnormal presentation,
before delivery of child is
completed & in multiple birth
not before the last child has
bee delivered.
Documented hypersensitivity;
pregnant patients with severe
toxemia, unfavorable fetal
positions, and a contracting
uterus with hypertonic or
hyperactive patterns; labor in
which vaginal delivery should
be avoided, such as invasive
cervical carcinoma, cord
presentation or prolapse,
active herpes genitalis, total
placenta previa, and vasa
previa
GI hemorrhage, mechanical
obstruction or perforation,
pheochromocytoma,
epileptics
Lactation: excreted in breast

milk; Children: safety and
efficacy not established;
Anaphylaxis: Deaths have
occurred; aggressive therapy
may be required; AV block,
slows AV conduction and
may cause heart block;
Bradycardia
Hypersensitive to the drug or
distress, hematemesis,
melena, Renal failure,
azotemia, cystitis, hematuria,
urogenital or menstrual
dysfunction
Headache, HTN, skin
eruptions, abdominal pain
xerostomia, tachycardia,
frequently, insomnia,
headache, dizziness, nausea
or bowel disturbances may
occur

sleepiness; vertigo,
paresthesia; DERM: rash,
facial erythema; alopecia,
urticaria, pruritus; EENT: dry
eyes, visual disturbances; GI:
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea;
GU: impotence, urinary
retention, difficulty with
urination
hours
IV, Oral
Midazolam
(Dormicum)
Moxifloxacin
(Avelox)
Myrin
(Ethambutol HCl,
Rifampicin,
Isoniazid)
tablet
initially then
tablet every 2
hours prior to
operation
400mg / tab
once a day
300/150/75 mg
tab once a day
amebecide that works at both intestinal

and extraintestinal sites. Thought to enter
the cells of microorganisms that contain
nitroreductase. Unstable compounds are
then formed that bind to DNA and inhibit
Inhibits DNA gyrase and Topoisomerase

IV. This results in inhibition of DNA
replication and translation, DNA repair,
recombination and transposition, which
Oral chemotherapeutic agent which is
specially effective against actively
growing microorganisms of the genus
Mycobacterium
urethritis & vaginitis due to

trichomonas, aerobic
infection
other nitroimidazole
derivatives and in patients in
st
1 trimester of pregnancy
dizziness,syncope,
confusion,
irritability,weakness,
depression
Acute narrow angle

glaucoma, premature infants
Sedation, hypnosis,
anesthesia, anticonvulsant,
muscle relaxant
Caution for use with other

QTc prolonging drugs and
aggravate myasthenia gravis

Diarrhea (6%)

decrease in visual acuity
which appear to be due to
optic neuritis and to be
related to dose and duration
of treatment. The effects are
generally reversible when
administration of the drug is
discontinued promptly.
Isoniazid: peripheral
neuropathy is the most
common toxic effect. It is
dose-related, occurs most
often in the malnourished
and in those predisposed to
neuritis, and is usually
preceded by paresthesias of
the feet and hand. Pyridoxine
has been used successfully
for prophylaxis and treatment
of isoniazid induced
peripheral neuritis. Severe
and sometimes fatal hepatitis
months of treatment. The risk
of developing hepatitis is
age-related and is increased
with daily consumption of
alcohol. Urinary disturbance
in the male, constipation and
dryness of the mouth have
been reported.
Nalbuphine
(Nubain)
5 mg IM 0.150.2 mg/kg BW
Nicardipine
(Cardepine)
Oral: 20,30 mg
Parenteral: 2.5
mg/mL
Nifedipine
(Adalat, Calibloc,
Calchek, Nelapine,
Nifelan)
10mg TID or
30mg OD
(Extended
release
tablets) max
120180mg/day
Inhibits calcium ion from passing through

slow channels on voltage sensitive areas
of both smooth muscle and myocardium,
causing coronary vasodilation, stabilizes
cell membranes. Increases myocardial
oxygen sypply
OMX Probiotics
Probiotics 12+
Professional
Formula
2~10 cap per

day
Normalizes the micro flora (lactic acid

bacteria) in the intestinal tract,
Reestablishes the colon's optimum pH
level and Probiotics 12 plus, Suppresses
the growth of bad bacteria, stimulates the
immune system, fortifies the body's ability
to absorb nutrients, provides complex B
vitamins, antioxidants, minerals & amino
acids.
Orofar
Binds to opiate receptors in the CNS.

Alters the perception of and response to
painful stimuli, while producing
generalized CNS depression. Decrease
in moderate and severe pain
Potent peripheral vasodilator. Little
depression of nodes. Causes reflex
increase in heart rate and output
Soln After morning & evening meals, gargle or rinse mouth
Opioid Analgesic
Impaired renal or hepatic

function, biliary tract surgery,
impaired respiration, MI,
labour and delivery
Hypersensityvity to any
component of nifedipine
tablet or capsule.
Do not use short acting
nifedipine in cases of
emergency, serious side
effects such as0020CVD,
syncope, heart block, stroke,
AMI, etc.), Avoid with
concurrent intake of
grapefruit juice. Do not
withdraw abruptly in
headache, drowsiness,
fatigue, menstrual
disturbances, ataxia,
disease, alcoholism and old
age appear to increase the
incidence of severe hepatic
problems when rifampicin is
given alone or concurrently
with isoniazid
Sedation, infrequently
sweating, GI upsets, vertigo,
dizziness, dry mouth,
headache, allergic reactions
nausea, transient
hypotension, MI, reflex
tachycardia, pulmonary
edema, fewer myocardial
infarctions, more palpitations
dizziness, Weakness,
transient hypotension
Effective in vitro against the

most virulent pathogens
including:
aureus superbug,
poisoning),
H. pylori (the cause of peptic
ulcers), and
L clostridium, that results in
morning sickness, migraine
and cluster headaches.
Pregnancy & lactation. Not
(Benzoxonium Cl
0.5 mg, lidocaine
HCl 0.5 mg)
Oxytocin
(Syntocinon)
for 30-60 sec w/ 1 tbsp of undiluted soln (do not swallow). If

continued treatment is indicated, the soln may be used
more often or may be replaced by loz during the day.
Childn >4 yr Dose should be reduced. Max: 6 loz/day. Use
only 1 tsp of soln to rinse or gargle
Produces rhythmic uterine contractions
and can stimulate the gravid uterus; has
vasopressive and antidiuretic effects; can
control postpartum bleeding or
hemorrhage by increasing postpartum
myometrial tonus
Pankreatoflat
(Pancreatin,
dimethicone)
170/80 mg tab
OD
Pantoprazole
(Ulcepraz,
Pantoloc)
20-40mg 1x a
day
Paracetamol
(Biogesic)
500mg/tab,
250mg/5ml
250~500mg
every 3~6hrs
Pancreatin corrects the fermentative and

putrefactive process that are the main
causes of pathological formation of gas.
Activated dimethylpolysiloxane eliminates
foam, facilitating the absorption of
pathological accumulation of gas in the
intestine
Inhibits H+/K+ ATPase pump in parietal
cells, inhibiting acid secretion. Also
reduces in-vitro counts of H. pylori by
more than 4x at pH of 4
Inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins in

the CNS & peripherally blocks pain
impulse generation; produces antipyresis
from inhibition of hypothalamic heat-
for childn <4 yr
occasional & transient cases

of mild local irritation
Documented hypersensitivity;
pregnant patients with severe
toxemia, unfavorable fetal
positions, and a contracting
uterus with hypertonic or
hyperactive patterns; labor in
which vaginal delivery should
be avoided, such as invasive
cervical carcinoma, cord
presentation or prolapse,
active herpes genitalis, total
placenta previa, and vasa
previa
Xerostomia, tachycardia,
Hypersensitivity reactions
have been reported; these
may be sneezing, lacrimation
or skin rashes

weeks. Prolonged treatment
may lead to Vit B12
malabsorption
Relief of fever, minor aches &

pains
Anemia, cardiac & pulmonary

disease. Hepatic or severe
renal disease
Chest pain (I.V. < or =6%),

Pain, migraine, anxiety,
dizziness, headache (I.V.
>1%) Rash (I.V. 6%), pruritus
(I.V. 4%) Hyperglycemia
(1%), hyperlipidemia,
Diarrhea (4%), constipation,
dyspepsia, gastroenteritis,
nausea, rectal disorder,
vomiting, abdominal pain
(I.V. 12%), Urinary
sinusitis, upper respiratory
tract infection, Flu syndrome,
infection
disturbances
regulating center
Inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins in
the CNS & peripherally blocks pain
impulse generation; produces antipyresis
from inhibition of hypothalamic heartregulating center
Paracetamol
150mg/ml
2~3ml every 4
hours for adult
1~2ml every 4
hours for child
Pethidine HCl
(Demerol)
25 mg IV
Exert its analegic effects by the same

mechanism as morphine, by acting as an
agonist at the u-opioid receptor.
Potassium citrate
(Acalka)
1080 mg /
Tablet TID
Inhibitor of crystallization; used in

treatment of patients with renal lithiasis
and hypocitraturia, chronic formers of
calcium oxalate, phosphate calculi; uric
acid lithiasis alone or accompanied by
calcium lithiasis, and renal tubular
acidosis with calcium nephrolithiasis.
Prozine
Ciprofloxacin HCl
500mg / tab
Cystic fibrosis
20mg/kg, max
750mg BID
Gonorrhea
500mg OD
Inhibits DNA-gyrase in susceptible

organism; inhibit relaxation of supercoiled
DNA and promotes breakage of doublestranded DNA
Ranitidine
(Ulcin / Zantac)
50mg SIV TID
Rofecoxib
(Vioxx)
50mg tab BID
Inhibits action of histamine at the H2

receptor site located primarily in the
gastric parietal cells
Produces anti-inflammatory, analgesic
and antipyretic effects, possibly by
inhibiting prostaglandin synthesi
Pyrexia of unknown origin.

Fever & pain associated with
common childhood disorders,
tonsillitis, upper resp tract
infections post-immunization
reactions, after tonsillectomy
& other conditions.
convulsion. Headache, cold,
sinusitis, muscle pain,
arthritis & toothacke
For moderate to severe pain,
pre op medication, analgesia
Anemia, cardiac & pulmonary

disease. Hepatic or severe
renal disease

allergic reactions

intracranial pressure, acurte
asthma, atrial flutter,
convulsive disorders, acute
Treatment of patients with

renal lithisis & hypocitraturia,
chornic formers of Ca
oxalate, phosphate calculi.
Uric acid lithiasis alone alone
acidosis with Ca
nephrolithiasis.
Treatment of wide range of
infections including anthrax,
biliary tract infection, bone &
joint infections, brucellosis,
infected bites & stings, cat
scratch disease, chancroid,
exacerbations of cystic
fibrosis, gastroenteritis,
externa, peritonitis, Q fever,
lower respiratory tract
infection
Histamine H2 Antagonist,
Antiulcer

potassium excretion
mechanism,
hyperpotassemia may
appear. In patients with renal
insufficiency, an increased
risk of appearance of
hyperpotassemia
arrest, shock, cardiac arrest,
GI disturbance. Dizziness,
sedation, headache,
dysphoria, tremor, agitation,
hallucination, disorientation
Slight gastrointestinal
disorders may appear which
can be palliated by means of
concomitant administration
with food.

methicillin-resistant S.aureus
infections
Renal impairment, hepatic

impairment, pregnancy,
lactation, or children
hypersensitive to drug or its
components and in those
asthma, urticaria, allergic
reactions after taking aspirin

jaundice, hepatitis.
Eosinophilia, leucopenia,
anemia or agranulocytosis.
Transient increase in serum
creatinine or BUN
and vomiting
discomfort, heartburn,
nausea, abdominal pain, UTI,
Salbutamol
(Asmalin)
2mg/tab,
2mg/5ml susp.
1tab TID, 2.5 ~
5ml TID
Salbutamol
(Ventolin)
Inhalant: 40
micrograms/pu
ff aerosol
Oral: 2,4 mg
tablets; 2
mg/mL syrup
Beta adrenergic receptor agonist causes bronchodilation

Inhalational: Onset < 15 m, dur 3-4 h
PO: onset <30m, dur 4-8 hours
Simvastatin
(Vidastat, Zocor)
10~80mg tab
OD
SulbactamAmpicillin
(Unasyn)
375 mg/tab
BID
Statins inhibit the enzyme HMG-CoA

reductase which is the rate limiting step
in the synthesis of cholesterol. Intake of
statins results in lowering of LDL and
elevation of HDL. Statins have been
demonstrated to be cardioprotective and
reduces risk of cardiovascular events
Tramadol
TDL, Tradonal,
Trama)
50-100mg
every 4-6
hours, not to
exceed
400mg/day
Binds to Mu Opiate receptors in the brain

and spinal cord, which alters sensation
and response to pain. Also inhibits
norepinephrine, which also results in
alteration in pain signal transmission
Tranexamic Acid
250500mg/cap 1-2
Competitively inhibits activation of

plasminogen to plasmin, which inhibits

bronchospasm associated
with reversible obstructive
airway disease eg bronchial
asthma
Treatment & prevention of

bronchial asthma, bronchitis,
emphysema with associated
reversible airway obstruction.
Menorrhagea, Metrorrhagea,
valvular heart surgery, GI
or other NSAIDs. Also

contraindicated in patients
with advanced renal disease
or moderate or severe
hepatic insufficiency and in
pregnant women because it
may cause ductus arteriosus
to close prematurely
Special precaution : coronary
insufficiency, cardiac
arrhythmias, hypertension,
hyperthyroidism, diabetes
mellitus; pregnancy,
lactation.
Threatened abortion during
st
1 or 2nf trimesters of
pregnancy. Toxaemia of
pregnancy, antepartum
haemorrhage, placenta
praevia.
Overgrowth of nonsusceptible organism. Check

periodically for organ system
dysfunction during prolonged
therapy
Hypersensitivity to tramadol
or any component of the
tablets or Ampoule solution.
Patients intoxicated with
alcohol or other sedating
drugs
Use with extreme precaution
among patients taking other
sedatives or CNS
depressants
Acquired defective color
vision, active intravascular
back pain, bronchitis, URTI,

flu syndrome
heartburn, epistaxis, cough,
GI discomfort, throat irritation
& tremor
premature labour.
Pregnancy, lactation. Acute
severe asthma. Monitor fluid
balance, cardiorespiratory
function & ECG
The most common side effect

of statins is in the
gastrointestinal system, with
reports of constipation and
nausea. May also affect the
liver, causing drug induced
hepatitis
GI disturbances, phlebitis,
skin rashes, itching, blood
disorders, anaphylaxis,
superinfection
Most common side effects
are CNS related: Headaches,
dizziness, somnolence,
vertigo. May cause
vasodilaton and hypotonia
Gastrointestinal >10%
(nausea, diarrhea, vomiting),
cap TID/QID
250-500mg IV
slow push
fibrinolysis. Also inhibits plasmin

proteolytic activity
Valdecoxib
(Bextra)
20mg / tab
once daily
Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)

pathway
Valproic acid
(Depakene)
250mg, 15ml
NGT 30ml/day
Vasaltarn/
Hydroclorothiazide(
Co-Diovan)
80/12.5 mg tab
160/12.5 mg
tab
320/12.5 mg
tab
320/25 mg tab
Vincristine
(Alcavixin,
Biomedis
Vincristine,
Nevexitin, Pfizer
Vincristine)
Adult 0.4-1.4
2
mg/m BSA.
Childn 1.5-2
2
mg/m BSA,
<10 kg or BSA
2
<1 m 0.05
mg/kg wkly
Valproic acid and its derivative,

divalproex, are oral drugs that are used
for the treatment of convulsions,
migraines and bipolar disorder. The
active ingredient in both products is
valproic acid or valproate. Scientists do
not know the mechanism of action of
valproate. The most popular theory is that
valproate exerts its effects by increasing
the concentration of gamma-aminobutyric
acid (GABA) in the brain. Gammaaminobutyric acid is a neurotransmitter, a
chemical that nerves use to communicate
with one another
Hydrochlorothiazide belongs to the
thiazide class of diuretics, acting on the
kidneys to reduce sodium (Na)
reabsorption in the distal convoluted
tubule. This increases the osmolarity in
the lumen, causing less water to be
reabsorbed from the c
ollecting ducts. This leads to increased
urinary output
vincristine and other vinca alkaloids exert
their cytotoxic effects by binding to
tubulin, the protein subunit of the
microtubles that form the mitotic spindle.
The formation of vincristine-tublin
complexes prevent the polymerization of
the tubulin subunits into microtublues and
induces depolymerization of microtubules
resulting in inhibition of microtubule
assembly and cellular metaphase arrest.
angioneurotic edema
Hypertension
clotting, subarachnoid
hemorrhage, Concurrent
factor IX complex or antiinhibitor coagulant
concentrates, patients with
cardiovascular, renal, CVD,
and thromboembolic disease
Patients with known
hypersensitivity to
Valdecoxib. Patients who
have demonstrated allergictype reactions to
sulfonamides. Patient who
have experienced asthma,
urticaria, allergic type
NSAIDS including other
COX-2 inhibitors
Should not take this drug if
you have liver disease or
your liver is not functioning
properly, or if you have had
an allergic reaction to it.
Cardiovascular and Ocular

1% to 10% (Hypotension,

peripheral edema, ,
abdominal fullness,
abdominal pain, diarrhea,
dyspepsia, nausea, anemia,
sinusitis, rash
The most common side

effects with valproic acid
therapy are drowsiness,
dizziness, nausea, vomiting,
indigestion, diarrhea, weight
loss and tremors.
abnormal bleeding
Pregnancy & severe hepatic

impairment, biliary cirrhosis &
cholestasis. Anuria, severe
renal impairment (CrCl <30
mL/min). Refractory
hypercalcemia &
symptomatic hyperuricemia.
Headache, dizziness, fatigue.

Hydrochlorothiazide:
Hypokalemia, hyperuricemia,
electrolyte disturbances,
postural hypotension, rise in
blood lipids
preexisting neuropathies,
liver dysfunction or jaundice
& elderly. Extravasation,
impairment. Pregnancy,
lactation. Fatal if given
intrathecally

depression, agitation,
insomnia, hallucinations &
episodes of altered
consciousness. Rare
anemia, thrombocytopenia.
GI effects. Hyperuricemia,
uric acid nephropathy,
polyuria, dysuria & urinary
In high concentrations, the drug also

exerts complex effects on nucleic acid
and protein synthesis. Vincristine exerts
some immunosuppressive activity
retention due to bladder

Fever, headache
Vitamin A
Retinol palmitate
25,000iu
Supplementation
Treatment of vit A deficiency
Vitamin E
DI-a-tocopheryl
acetate
(Mira E )
300iu, 400iu
Supplementation
Vitamin K
1mg IM
Promotes liver synthesis of clotting

factors (II, VII,IX,X).

disorders. Improves nerve
functions & prevents onset of
neuromuscular degenerative
diseases
Prophylaxis and therapy of
hemorrhagic disease of the
newborn
pregnancy. Excessive doses
may lead to hypervitaminosis
Coumarin and indanedione

derivatives
Patient Name:
Patient Name:
Allergic reactions, including

anaphylactoid reaction, pain,
swelling
Clerk-in-Charge :
Clerk-in-Charge : JI,

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MetD R U G I N D E X

Generic/ Brand Name

Insomnia, agitation, anxiety,

Hyperkalemia, precomatose states

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor

Calcium channel blocker and

Type 1 DM. Treatment

Drug induced movement

Untreated narrowangle glaucoma,

Fatigue, dizziness, drowsiness,

In rare instance of allergic

325 mg/tab or 80 mg/tab

Cystitis, depression, anxiety,

Parkinsons disease and

Active liver disease.

Headache, myalgia, asthenia,

Use with caution in

Anorexia, GI upsets, cardiac

Ketoanalogues and nitrogen

300mg / tab Adult 2-10 mg/kg

1.5-2ml/kg BW/day, max 3 wk

1 g tab once a day

Inhibit the synthesis of

Absorption of most oral

Inhibit cell wall synthesis. Beta

Anemia, cardiac &

Hematological, skin & other

Pregnancy & lactation.

Diarrhea, nausea, skin rashes,

500 mg/ cap P.O

Inhibit cell wall synthesis. Beta

Respiratory tract, skin &

Adults and children: 200 IU/KG

Effects: diarrhea, nausea,

Nausea, vomiting, headache,

Active liver disease,

Nausea & vomiting, diarrhea

1.5 mg/tab TID

Binds to stereo specific

Anxiety & tension state,

Acute anxiety, hallucinations,

0.5~1gram every 5~12 hours

Bind to PBPs on bacterial cell

Bone & joint infection,

Shock, hypersensitivity reaction,

Active against g+ cocci

1~2 g once a daily

Patients with transient

Bind to PBPs on bacterial cell

Lower respiratory tract.

Bind to PBPs on bacterial cell

Bone & joint infection,

Gram negative infection.

Pregnancy & lactation,

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,

Oral: 0.1,0.2,0.3 mg tablets

Partial alpha-2 antagonist.

Decrease dose with

Orthostatic hypotension, rash,

500mg every 12 hours

Clavunate blocks the beta

Side effects are uncommon and

Short term treatment of

Occasionally, GI disorder, HA,