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Methanol-Water Solutions
Kimberly A. Gines, Jirah Emmanuel T. Nolasco, Ramon Paolo T. Quintero
Department of Chemical Engineering
University of the Philippines Diliman
ChE 124 Instructional Laboratory: FQRUV
I.
INTRODUCTION
where
,,
Figure 1. Plot of partial molar volumes of methanol (1) and water (2) in a
solution at 298 K and 1 atm [1].
1 = + 2
1
where
2 = 1
1
METHODOLOGY
A. Solution Preparation
Six (6) 50-mL volumetric flasks with covers were weighted
using an analytical balance and labelled as I to VI. Each
volumetric flask were assigned a solution concentration on the
basis of methanol mole fraction: 0, 0.20, 0.40, 0.60, 0.80, and
0.95, respectively.
Solution
(0.998)
(0.998) (500.998)
where
TABLE I.
(3)
Recalculated
0.000
II
0.200
0.227745 0.00008
III
0.400
0.385914 0.00008
IV
0.600
0.487277 0.00009
0.800
0.824652 0.00016
VI
0.950
0.960772 0.00019
)
Density
(g/mL)
Molar Volume
(cm3/mol)
0.999625
18.0269 0.0031
II
0.94544
22.4398 0.0047
III
0.91332
25.6586 0.0055
IV
0.87687
28.3469 0.0062
0.823282
35.9414 0.0097
VI
0.798445
39.4512 0.0113
C. Waste Disposal
The methanol solutions and waste acetone were placed in
their appropriate waste jars. The used pieces of tissue paper and
tape were put in the solid waste container.
III.
Water
37.1028 0.1169
18.0269 0.0568
II
38.3601 0.1788
17.7447 0.0827
III
38.9748 0.2144
17.2902 0.0951
IV
39.8164 0.2453
17.4466 0.1075
40.2638 0.3891
15.6134 0.1509
VI
40.4543 0.4588
14.8838 0.1688
(4)
(5)
(6)
The non-ideality of mixing methanol and water, ie. The nonadditivity of their volumes, can be traced back to the interaction
of their molecules. To illustrate this point, the concept of excess
volume will be used. The excess volume, VE, is the difference
between the actual volume of the solution and its volume if it
were an ideal solution, Vid [4]:
=
Solution
(7)
Volume (cm3/mol)
49.7094
II
44.0834
III
48.9589
IV
55.0520
49.1772
VI
49.3021
Methanol
Water
Solution
Volume
(% error)
1.30
0.23
0.23
II
0.83
1.47
0.59
III
0.47
2.35
0.71
IV
1.48
1.44
1.46
0.69
0.86
0.57
VI
0.67
1.49
0.68
Partial Molar
Volumes (% error)
The excess volume may be treated as a measure of nonideality. Based from Figure 6, the non-ideality is at its peak when
the two components of the solution are equally present. This can
be attributed to the significantly strong molecular forces of
interaction between the methanol and water molecules. The
hydrogen bond interaction between methanol and the
surrounding water molecules is nearly the same as in pure liquid
methanol; the same can be said for water [6]. These bonds are
strong enough to cause the volume of the mixture to be actually
less than the sum of the initial volumes of both components.
In order to properly assess the accuracy of the experiment,
the theoretical values were obtained by plot digitization and
were compared with the experimental results. Table V
summarizes the percent errors for the experimental values.
REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]