HStreet-Book 2-Sec 13 Structures - Add5 Legion

H Street/Benning Road Streetcar Implementation Design-Build Project
District Department of Transportation

Book 2 Technical Requirements
13
STRUCTURES
13.1
General
The Contractor shall conduct all Work necessary to meet the requirements associated with
permanent and temporary structures and modifications to existing structures, including bridges,
retaining walls, barriers, box culverts, sign structures, slabs on grade, maintenance facility
structures, miscellaneous structures, and lighting structures.
13.2
Administrative Requirements
13.2.1
Standards
In the event of a conflict among the standards set forth in Book 3 relating to structures, the
order of precedence shall be as set forth below, unless otherwise specified. All standards shall
be the latest edition or revision as of issuance of Request for Proposals, unless noted
otherwise.
13.2.1.1 Bridges
DDOT Standard Specifications for Highways and Structures
DDOT Design and Engineering Manual
DDOT Standard Drawings
AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications (for all new work except as outlined below)
AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, 17th Edition (for re-use design of
piers and footings, bridge girders, and bridge deck modifications)

AASHTO LRFD Bridge Construction Specifications
AASHTO Guide Design Specifications for Bridge Temporary Works
AASHTO Construction Handbook for Bridge Temporary Works
AASHTO Guide Specifications for Design of Pedestrian Bridges
AASHTO Manual for Condition Evaluation and Load and Resistance Factor Rating (LRFR)
of Highway Bridges
AASHTO/NSBA Steel Bridge Fabrication Guide Specification
AASHTO/NSBA Guide Specification for Application of Coating Systems with Zinc-Rich
Primers to Steel Bridges, S 8.1

FHWA Post-Tensioning Tendon Installation and Grouting Manual
Post-Tensioning Institute (PTI) Acceptance Standards for Post-Tensioning Systems
CEB-FIP Model Code for Concrete Structures (for time-dependent behavior of concrete) *
American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association (AREMA) Manual for
Railway Engineering
WMATA TRAM/LRT Guideline Design Criteria
WMATA Adjacent Construction Project Manual
Structures Addendum 45
Page 1 of 11

Remaining standards set forth in Book 3
* The Contractor may use the CEB-FIP Model Code for Concrete Structures in lieu of the
AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications approximate methods.
13.2.1.2 Retaining Walls
AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications
AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, 17th Edition
AASHTO Guide Design Specifications for Bridge Temporary Works
AASHTO Construction Handbook for Bridge Temporary Works
FHWA Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls and Reinforced Soil Slopes Design and
Construction Guidelines
FHWA Corrosion/Degradation of Soil Reinforcements for Mechanically Stabilized Earth
Walls and Reinforced Soil Slopes

FHWA Drilled Shafts: Construction Procedures and Design Methods
FHWA Handbook on Design and Construction of Drilled Shafts Under Lateral Load
FHWA Geotechnical Engineering Circular Number 4, Ground Anchors and Anchored
Systems
FHWA Manual for Design & Construction Monitoring of Soil Nail Walls
13.2.1.3 Box Culverts

AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications
13.2.1.4 Sign Structures

AASHTO Standard Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaires and
Traffic Signals
13.2.1.5 Lighting Structures

Page 2 of 11

AASHTO Standard Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaires,
and Traffic Signals

13.2.1.6 Buildings or Architectural Structures

District of Columbia Municipal Regulations
ACI Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (318-08) and Commentary
AISC Steel Construction Manual
13.2.2
Meetings
See Standards.
13.2.3
Software
See Standards.
13.3
Technical Requirements
13.3.1
Project Elements
The Contractor shall provide all Work, temporary, permanent or rehabilitation, to provide the
following Project elements, at a minimum:
13.3.1.1
Retaining Walls
Not used
13.3.1.2
Streetcar Access Doors and Openings
Not used
13.3.1.2.1 Access Doors West of First Street NE
Not used
13.3.1.2.2 Access Doors East of First Street NE
Not used
13.3.1.2.3 Maintenance Facility Access Doors
Not used
13.3.1.2.4 Access Door East of First Street NE Platform
Not used
13.3.1.2.5 Access Door West of Second Street NE
Page 3 of 11

Not used
13.3.1.2.6 Access Opening East of Second Street NE
Not used
13.3.1.3
Existing Elements
Not used
13.3.1.4
Hopscotch Bridge Girders, Deck and Approach
Not used
13.3.1.5
Hopscotch Bridge Pier 1
Not used
13.3.1.6
Hopscotch Bridge Abutment 1
Not used
13.3.2
Bridge Load Rating
Not used
13.3.3
Design Parameters
13.3.3.1
Loads and Forces
The Contractor shall use the following live loads for design with special provisions as noted
below.
Vehicular live loads for structural design shall include the following:
For design of all new construction: HL-93 with dynamic load allowance (AASHTO LRFD
Bridge Design Specifications Article 3.6.1.2.1)
For evaluation of existing foundations supporting new superstructures and for deck slab
modifications: HS20 with Impact (AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges,
17th Edition, Article 3.7)
Streetcar vehicle: Four 21.5-kip axle loads spaced at 6.17 feet, 32.54 feet, and 6.17 feet.
The LRFD Strength II Limit State Load Combination shall be used in lieu of the Strength I
Limit State for the Streetcar vehicle
Pedestrian live loads for structural design shall include the following:
Pedestrian loading on sidewalks: For design of all new construction, 75 psf (AASHTO
LRFD Bridge Design Specifications Article 3.6.1.6). For evaluation of existing foundations
supporting new superstructures, load per square foot shall be evaluated per AASHTO
th
Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, 17 Edition, Article 3.14.1).
Pedestrian Bridges: 85 psf (AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications Article 3.6.1.6).
13.3.3.2
Design Method
The Contractor shall develop a Corrosion Protection Plan that includes the following:
The Contractors approach to assuring a 75-year service life for the structural elements of
the Project.
Page 4 of 11

The process for determining material selection.
Estimates of life-cycle costs.
Detailed provisions for reinforcing steel and structural steel protection.
Assessment of the effects of concrete permeability, corrosion thresholds, corrosion rate,
impacts on cracked concrete, and time to repair.

Recommendations on the use of calcium nitrite or silica fume, sealers, membranes,
reinforcing coatings, increased concrete cover, corrosion inhibitors, and other applicable
methods.
Cathodic protection is not required.
13.3.3.3
Appurtenances
The Contractor shall design to appropriate standards all connections of miscellaneous items,
such as utilities and catenary, to proposed or existing structures.
13.3.4
Additional Design Requirements
13.3.4.1
Geometrics
The Contractor shall locate substructure elements and retaining walls to avoid impacts to
Utilities and other subsurface items or coordinate their relocation. Utility relocation activities, if
necessary for substructure construction, shall be accounted for in the Contract Schedules.
13.3.4.2
Components
1. General
Fracture-critical components will not be allowed.
13.3.4.3
Retaining Walls
13.3.4.3.1 Permanent Retaining Wall Structures
The Contractor shall determine the location(s) and types of retaining walls needed on the
Project to meet the requirements of the Contract Documents.
Permanent retaining wall types allowed are as follows:
Cast-in-place concrete walls
Precast concrete walls
Drilled shaft tangent retaining walls
Soil nail walls
Soldier pile/post-and-panel walls
MSE walls
Modular block walls
Drilled shaft walls
The Contractor shall not use steel sheet pile, timber, or recycled material for permanent
retaining walls or retaining wall foundations.
Page 5 of 11

The Contractor shall not change or intermix wall types within an uninterrupted wall segment.
Cast-in-place concrete retaining walls shall be supported on spread footings, driven piles, or
drilled shafts. Base leveling pads of concrete, crushed stone, or other manufacturerrecommended material shall be installed for proprietary or alternate wall systems when
required.
Drainage for overland flow shall be provided at the top of retaining wall systems. Drainage shall
also be provided within the wall system at the bottom rear of the backfill or reinforced fill zone
and at the bottom rear of the front face or leveling pad of the wall.
Overall tolerances shall be within 1/2 inch in 10 feet. The settlement of the foundation soils and
structure shall not exceed 1 inch after installation of associated bridge foundations and paving.
The Contractor shall design all retaining walls based on soil conditions found at the Site.
When steps in the horizontal alignment are used in the wall design, the steps shall face away
from traffic. Points of inflection in the horizontal alignment of retaining walls with the wall face
angling toward or away from traffic are acceptable.
The Contractor shall provide traffic barriers in front of retaining walls when the wall faces are
within the clear zone of a roadway. When guardrail is used, the Contractor shall provide enough
distance between the guardrail and wall to absorb the design deflection.
When the end of a wall is exposed to approaching traffic within the clear zone, the wall shall be
considered a fixed object, and the Contractor shall provide either a guardrail or impact
attenuator as protection.
Impact attenuators located at the ends of walls in gore areas shall be Quad Beam Impact
Attenuators as specified in Standard Specification 627.
The steepest slope in front of a retaining wall shall be 1:4 (V:H).
The Contractor shall provide traffic parapets on top of retaining walls under any of the following
conditions:
The top of wall is within the roadway clear zone
The top of wall is within 10 feet of the edge of roadway
The top of wall constitutes a hazard to vehicles due to design speed, traffic volume, roadway
geometrics, or any other applicable factors

If a traffic barrier or guard rail is provided between the roadway and the top of retaining wall, a
traffic barrier is not required on top of the retaining wall.
For all walls accessible to pedestrians, pedestrian fencing shall be provided within 6 inches of
the face of wall and on top of the wall.
The Contractor shall meet the following requirements for each specialty retaining wall structure
type:
Drilled Shaft Tangent Retaining Walls
Not allowed for use on bridge abutments or approach embankments.
Corrosion protection shall be for a 100-year design life.
Page 6 of 11

Allowable horizontal deflection at the top of the wall shall not exceed 0.5 percent of the wall
height.
Contractor shall address and detail freeze/thaw issues due to moisture behind the wall
facing.
The design shall account for a frost depth of 2.5 feet.
Wall facings shall be cast-in-place concrete.
Minimum wall thickness shall be 6 inches.
Reinforcing steel shall be epoxy coated.
The Contractor shall provide DDOT a list of companies who will be performing the
construction work details on their experience constructing these wall types.

Soil Nail Retaining Walls
Not allowed in areas below the water table.
Level 1 corrosion protection is required. Soil nails shall be fully encapsulated.
Figure 4.15c, FHWA SA-96-069R, page 145, shall be used for the method of soil nail
installation.
Soil nail strengths shall not be assumed to be greater than 72 ksi.
Soil nail lengths in any vertical section shall be uniform.
Self-drilling, self-grouting nails and screw anchors are not allowed.
height.
The Contractor shall address and detail freeze/thaw issues due to moisture behind the wall
facing.
Reinforcement in the entire anchorage assembly and cast-in-place concrete facing shall be
epoxy coated.
Anchors shall not extend beyond the permanent Right-of-Way.
Soldier Pile/Post-And-Panel Retaining Walls

Corrosion protection shall be for a 100-year design life.
Contractor shall address the issue of larger steel sections and sacrificial steel for the soldier
pile.
height.
Page 7 of 11

Timber used for temporary lagging shall not be treated.
Contractor shall address and detail freeze/thaw issues due to moisture behind the wall
facing.
When soldier piles are required to penetrate rock, the pile shaft shall be drilled and encased
with concrete.
All pre-drilled pile shafts shall be encased in concrete.
Reinforcing steel shall be epoxy coated.
Level 1 corrosion protection shall be provided for all anchors. Anchors shall be fully
encapsulated.
Anchors shall not extend beyond the permanent Right-of-Way limits.
Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) Retaining Walls

If an MSE Wall abuts a cast-in-place bridge abutment, the Contractor shall submit a joint
design and detail for Approval by DDOT. No butt joints shall be allowed at these locations.
Joints shall be designed such that there will be no leakage of backfill material.
If an MSE wall abuts a cast-in-place bridge abutment, the front face of the wall shall be flush
with the face of the abutment.

The Contractor shall provide details for sealing any penetrations to the impervious
geomembrane during construction. Care shall be taken by the Contractor to protect the
impervious geomembrane during construction.
The Contractor shall design joints where the traffic barrier meets the approach slab to
prevent the drainage of surface water into the reinforced soil zone
No MSE retaining walls will be permitted where temporary or permanent Utilities are within
the reinforced earth zone.

13.3.4.3.2 Temporary Retaining Wall Structures
All temporary retaining walls shall be completely removed prior to completion of the Project.
Structural components of temporary retaining walls may be reused as part of permanent
retaining wall (two-phase wall) systems, provided all structural support elements and materials
of the temporary retaining walls meet the requirements of permanent structures. Timber piles
may be used as foundations for temporary retaining walls.
13.3.4.4
Sign Structures
The Contractor shall design all overhead cantilevered sign structures for the fatigue design
loads, including galloping, natural wind gust, and truck-induced gust.
The Contractor shall use drilled shafts or spread footings to support overhead and cantilever
sign structures and sign supports.
Page 8 of 11

13.3.4.5
Lighting Structures
The Contractor shall design all high-level lighting structures for the fatigue design loads,
including vortex shedding and natural wind gust.
The Contractor shall use drilled shafts or spread footings to support lighting and traffic signal
structures.
13.3.5
Materials
13.3.5.1
Concrete
The use of lightweight concrete is acceptable upon Approval by DDOT.

Prestressed Concrete
The release and final strengths shall be determined by the Contractor. The design compressive
strength shall be limited to 10,000 psi.
Substructure Concrete
The minimum concrete strength shall be 4,500 psi.

Precast Concrete
The minimum concrete strength shall be 4,500 psi.

Concrete Mix Design Options
The Contractor shall comply with DDOT Standard Specification Section 817 pertaining to
concrete mix design options.
13.3.5.2
Prestressing Steel
Prestressed precast concrete beams shall use seven-wire, low-relaxation strands conforming to
ASTM A416, Grade 270.
The minimum spacing for prestressing strands shall be 2 inches.
The allowable stresses shall be in accordance to the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design
Specifications and the following:
Concrete tension at Service Limit state before losses: 0.0948(fci) 0.2 ksi
0.5
Concrete tension at Service Limit state after losses: 0.0948(fc)
13.3.5.3
0.5
Post-Tensioning Steel Systems
See Standards.
13.3.5.4
Reinforcing Steel
See Standards.
13.3.5.5
Structural Steel
All structural steel shall meet Section 815 of the Specifications except that all new structural
steel for bridge or structural members shall conform to ASTM A709. The required grade of steel
shall be per the Contractors design.
Page 9 of 11

The Contractor shall not use ASTM A490 bolts.
All high-strength bolts shall conform to ASTM A325, Type 1 for painted connections and Type 3
for unpainted weathering steel connections.
Non-high-strength bolts shall conform to ASTM A307.
13.3.5.6
Timber
See Standards.
13.3.6
Field and Shop Painting of Structural Steel
Field and shop painting of structural steel shall be done by the Contractor in accordance with
the AASHTO/NSBA Guide Specification for Coating Systems with Inorganic Zinc-Rich Primer, S
8.1-2002 The coating system details shall be coordinated with the Corrosion Protection Plan.
The top coat shall be applied on the outside web faces of the exterior girders and the bottom of
all bottom flanges in the field.
Calibration of equipment and dry film thickness examinations shall be performed by the
Contractor in accordance with the Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC) PA2 (Measurement
of Dry Film Thickness with Magnetic Gages). Only paint systems approved by National
Transportation Product Evaluation Program (NTPEP) shall be used. Intermediate and topcoat
paints shall be by the same manufacturer as the primer.
Testing by the Contractor for soluble salt contamination of steel to be repainted shall be
concentrated in areas with coating failure, corrosion, or pitting. Readings greater than 10 parts
per million of chlorides or nitrates per test area shall require the contaminated area represented
by the test be recleaned and retested.
The contractor performing shop application of a paint system shall be certified under the AISC
Sophisticated Paint Endorsement or in accordance with SSPC QP3 (Standard Procedure for
Evaluating Qualifications of Shop Painting Contractors). Contractors performing the removal
and/or field application of a paint system shall have current certifications in accordance with
SSPC-QP1 (Standard Procedure for Evaluating Painting Contractors Field Application to
Complex Industrial Structures) or SSPC-QP2 (Standard Procedure for Evaluating the
Qualifications of Painting Contractors to Remove Hazardous Paint).
13.3.7
Structural Metals
The Contractor shall comply with DDOT Standard Specification 815 for fabrication of structural
metals except as noted herein. The Contractor shall hold a pre-fabrication meeting at least two
weeks prior to beginning shop and/or field fabrication. The Contractors Quality Control staff,
the fabricators quality control staff, and DDOTs quality oversight staff shall attend the meeting
to discuss fabrication method, materials, and documentation required.
13.3.8
Bracing
Temporary bracing shall be provided as needed during construction in accordance with the
AASHTO Guide Specifications for Bridge Temporary Works and the AASHTO Construction
Handbook for Bridge Temporary Works.
Page 10 of 11

13.3.9
Architectural Finish
All strucutral elements shall be finished per the requirments of the Approved Visual Quality
Management Plan.
13.3.10 Construction Requirements

Not used
13.4
Deliverables
Unless otherwise indicated, all deliverables shall be submitted in both electronic format and
hardcopy format. Acceptable electronic formats include Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, or
Adobe Acrobat (PDF) files. At a minimum, the Contractor shall submit the following to DDOT:
Deliverable
For
Approval
Corrosion
Protection Plan
Number of Copies
Hardcopy
Electronic
Submittal Schedule
Reference
Section
Prior to submittal of any

Released for Construction
Documents
13.3.3.2
Page 11 of 11

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H Street/Benning Road Streetcar Implementation Design-Build Project

District Department of Transportation

piers and footings, bridge girders, and bridge deck modifications)

Primers to Steel Bridges, S 8.1

WMATA TRAM/LRT Guideline Design Criteria

WMATA Adjacent Construction Project Manual

H Street/Benning Road Streetcar Implementation Design-Build Project

Walls and Reinforced Soil Slopes

13.2.1.3 Box Culverts

13.2.1.4 Sign Structures

13.2.1.5 Lighting Structures

H Street/Benning Road Streetcar Implementation Design-Build Project

and Traffic Signals

13.2.1.6 Buildings or Architectural Structures

Streetcar Access Doors and Openings

13.3.1.2.1 Access Doors West of First Street NE

H Street/Benning Road Streetcar Implementation Design-Build Project

Hopscotch Bridge Girders, Deck and Approach

Hopscotch Bridge Pier 1

Hopscotch Bridge Abutment 1

Bridge Load Rating

Loads and Forces

H Street/Benning Road Streetcar Implementation Design-Build Project

impacts on cracked concrete, and time to repair.

Additional Design Requirements

13.3.4.3.1 Permanent Retaining Wall Structures

H Street/Benning Road Streetcar Implementation Design-Build Project

geometrics, or any other applicable factors

H Street/Benning Road Streetcar Implementation Design-Build Project

construction work details on their experience constructing these wall types.

Soldier Pile/Post-And-Panel Retaining Walls

H Street/Benning Road Streetcar Implementation Design-Build Project

Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) Retaining Walls

with the face of the abutment.

the reinforced earth zone.

H Street/Benning Road Streetcar Implementation Design-Build Project

The use of lightweight concrete is acceptable upon Approval by DDOT.

The minimum concrete strength shall be 4,500 psi.

The minimum concrete strength shall be 4,500 psi.

Concrete tension at Service Limit state after losses: 0.0948(fc)

Post-Tensioning Steel Systems

H Street/Benning Road Streetcar Implementation Design-Build Project

Field and Shop Painting of Structural Steel

H Street/Benning Road Streetcar Implementation Design-Build Project

13.3.10 Construction Requirements

Prior to submittal of any

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