Te s t B a n k , C h a p t e r 5

John C. Yang | 1

Chapter 5: Processes of Doing Mathematics

Possible for Assessment and Evaluation
1.

T or F In many mathematics classrooms today, it is common to see the

teacher teaching and students listening and bent over doing
worksheets, practicing computations, rules, and formulas.
Answer: F
Sec Ref: Introduction
Page Ref: 91

2.

Explain what is meant by each of the following five process standards:

problem solving, reasoning and proof, communication, connections,
and representation.
Answer: Answers vary.
Sec Ref: Introduction
Page Ref: 91

3.

Your text states that problem solving can be a major means of

developing mathematical knowledge. Explain what is meant by this
and give examples to support your answer.
Answer: Answers vary.
Sec Ref: Problem Solving
Page Ref: 92

4.

Mrs. Matthews gives students the following question: Jerry buys 3

boxes of candy. Each box costs $2.00. What is the total cost for the 3
boxes? Is this an example of problem solving? Why or why not?

Answer: No - a problem is a situation in which a person wants

something
and does not know immediately what to do to get it. In this case, the
students
would - take three times two.
Sec Ref: Problem Solving
Page Ref: 92
5.

T or F According to your text, understanding numbers is the

foundation of all mathematical activity.
Answer: F
Sec Ref: Problem Solving
Page Ref: 92

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John C. Yang | 2

6.
When students are problem solving, should calculators and other
technological devices be used?
Answer: At the upper elementary level, they would greatly help
students to
problem solve when they are working on more complex problems that
dont
have nice numbers.
Sec Ref: Problem Solving
Page Ref: 94
7.

T or F According to one study mentioned in your text, students who

were taught using a problem-solving approach scored significantly
lower when
compared to students who were taught using a
textbook-based approach.
Answer: F
Sec Ref: Problem Solving
Page Ref: 94

8.

John is given the following problem: -5 + 3 = 2. After analyzing the

problem, he states that the answer is wrong because you have more
negatives than positives, therefore, the answer should be -2. This is an
example of which process standard?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

Problem solving
Reasoning and proof
Communication
Connections
Representations

Answer: B
Sec Ref: Reasoning and Proof
Page Ref: 95
9.
T or F Reasoning and proof should be taught in a single unit so that
students can really focus on it.
Answer: F
Sec Ref: Reasoning and Proof
Page Ref: 96

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Te s t B a n k , C h a p t e r 5
John C. Yang | 3

10.

Matt comes home and tells his mom that whenever you multiply two
negative numbers, you always get a positive number. This type of
thinking is generally associated with:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

Problem solving
Reasoning and proof
Communication
Connections
Representations

Answer: B
Sec Ref: Reasoning and Proof
Page Ref: 96
11. All of the following points in regards to mathematical reasoning are
true, except:
A.
B.
C.
D.

Reasoning is about making generalizations

Reasoning leads to a web of generalizations
Reasoning leads to mathematical memory built on relationships
Learning through reasoning requires making mistakes and learning

from
them
E. Reasoning should be reserved for students at the higher grade
levels
Answer: E
Sec Ref: Reasoning and Proof
Page Ref: 96
12.

T or F In order to develop students mathematical reasoning abilities,

teachers should allow students to study flawed or incorrect reasoning.
Answer: T
Sec Ref: Reasoning and Proof
Page Ref: 98

13.

T or F Since mathematics deals mainly with numbers, students should

not be encouraged to speak and write in mathematics classrooms.
Answer: F
Sec Ref: Communication
Page Ref: 98

To a c c o m p a n y H e l p i n g C h i l d r e n L e a r n M a t h 9 e , R e y s e t a l .
2009 John Wiley & Sons

Te s t B a n k , C h a p t e r 5
John C. Yang | 4

14.

The following are modes of communication, except:

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

charts
speaking
gestures
writing
all of the above

Answer: E
Sec Ref: Communication
Page Ref: 99
15.

T or F Only speaking and writing are the acceptable forms of

communication in a mathematics classroom.
Answer: F
Sec Ref: Communication
Page Ref: 99

16.

T or F Communicating in mathematics should be encouraged

throughout a students elementary school years.
Answer: T
Sec Ref: Communication
Page Ref: 99

17. In your classroom, suggest five ways in which you could incorporate
writing.
Answer: Journals, open-ended writing as follow-up to a lesson, having
students write their own word problems, having them describe their
solution process to a problem, having them write about a process or
procedure, and writing about connections between and among ideas.
Sec Ref: Communication
Page Ref:

18.

After Julie was taught fractions, decimals, and percentages, she

realized that 1/4, 0.25, and 25% all represented the same quantity.
Which of the following five NCTM process standards is Julie exhibiting?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Problem solving
Reasoning and proof
Communication
Connections

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E. Representations
Answer: D
Sec Ref: Connections
Page Ref: 99
19.

During a lesson on fractions, Chang raises his hands and states the
following: I know how much 1/2 is because my mom uses a 1/2
cup measuring cup when she bakes cookies. Which of the following
five NCTM process standards is Chang exhibiting?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

Problem solving
Reasoning and proof
Communication
Connections
Representations

Answer: D
Sec Ref: Connections
Page Ref: 99
20.

Your text states that there are three types of connections that should
be made. Explain these three connections and give one example for
each.
Answer: Ideas within mathematics are connected with one another;

the
symbols and procedures of mathematics and the conceptual ideas that
the symbolism represents are connected; connection between
mathematics
and the real world.
Sec Ref: Connections
Page Ref: 99
21.

Use the following five representations to illustrate the concept of 1/2:

pictures, written symbols, spoken language, relevant situations,
manipulatives.
Answer: Answers vary.
Sec Ref: Representations
Page Ref: 101

22.

Students were given the following problem: A farmer goes into his
barn and counts that he has 10 animals in all. The animals consist of
pigs and
chickens. Furthermore, he notices that there are 32 legs

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total. Find the number of chickens and pigs that the farmer has. In
order to solve this problem, Marys group decides to draw pictures.
Which of the following NCTM process standards does this best
illustrate?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

Reasoning and proof

Communication
Connections
Representations
None of the above

Answer: D
Sec Ref: Representations
Page Ref: 101
23.

T or F When students understand a concept or idea using their own

representations, teachers should not show them the conventional way.
Answer: F
Sec Ref: Representations
Page Ref: 101

24.

T or F When teaching students who are learning English, removing

most of the language and context from the curriculum will help those
students develop the process standards.
Answer: F
Sec Ref: Cultural Connections
Page Ref: 103

25.

When working with students who are learning English, what are some
strategies that you can employ to help them develop the mathematics
process standards?
Answer: Should include some of the following: use mixed-ability
groups, talk through problems during whole class discussions, assign
buddies, use pictures and manipulatives, speak slower or use different
words, etc.
Sec Ref: Cultural Connections
Page Ref: 103

26.

As a beginning teacher, you want to be sure you are including the

NCTM Process Standards in your teaching. Name three strategies that
you will include in your instruction and tell which standards they
support.

To a c c o m p a n y H e l p i n g C h i l d r e n L e a r n M a t h 9 e , R e y s e t a l .
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John C. Yang | 7

27.

Answer: Answers vary.

Sec Ref: A Glance at Where Weve Been
Page Ref: 103
If you could incorporate only one of the five NCTM Process Standards,
which one would you incorporate and why?
Answer: Answers vary.
Sec Ref: A Glance at Where Weve Been
Page Ref: 103

To a c c o m p a n y H e l p i n g C h i l d r e n L e a r n M a t h 9 e , R e y s e t a l .
2009 John Wiley & Sons