Investigacion de Operaciones

A Dynamic Analysis of the Mexican Power Network
The Mexican Network

The Mexican network of power is a hypergraph. For this article we have analyzed only the
core, which comprises 37 actors. We discovered that the network is actually a
superimposition of structures, where an actor often belongs to various networks
simultaneously. Figure 1 shows the hypothetical case where one politician belongs to four
different networks.
In this hypothetical case, one
actor belongs to the ruling PRI
party, to the Department of the
Interior (this department
belongs to the national security
cabinet, which is another
network) and also to a
professional association for
economists.
A network is formed by dyads
interconnected by links,
representing formal, informal
and organizational
relationships. A network is the
logical sum of networks or
subnetworks. This can be
summarized as:
N= N1 U N2 U ... U Nm
where Nj and Nk (for j not
equal to k) may have common
nodes.
Each group or subnetwork (Nj) represents the points of coincidence of a set of groups based
on their common belonging (school, sports, business, political participation), or a common
interest (political power). The group's bonding creates a distinctive sense of belonging
which impacts the nature of the network.
The topology of a network shows the flow of

information and pattern of relationships.
Networks can be more or less centralized, and
network analysis helps identify cliques, the
number of connections, paths (shortest,
longest), groups, factions, etc. A very
centralized network usually shows cohesion
and includes influential cliques.
The influence individuals have within the network is determined by their centrality, which
results from participation, simultaneously or over time, in various networks. Individuals
who participate in the intersection of networks (Fig. 2) have more influence because they
become a central node with different resource mobilization capabilities (Schmidt and Gil
1995 and Gil and Schmidt 1996).
The Mexican Political System

The president is the most powerful actor in the network, due to constitutional and metaconstitutional attributes (Carpizo 1978, Schmidt 1991). In his career his power increases
along with the creation of new connections and reaches its highest point when he becomes
president; however, some actors, who eventually are placed in different network
intersections, might have a higher power index and be active beyond any single presidential
administration.
It is important for an actor to have connections with other cliques because the intersection
of cliques facilitates the mobilization of multiple resources and can determine an actor's
political career, even a solidifying a bid for the presidency, as we showed was the case of
Ruiz Cortines, who became president in 1952 (Schmidt and Gil 1993). The intersections
also explain the network's cohesion and why some groups remain in power for extended
periods of time. Still, we have to assume that the disappearance of some actors and
inclusion of others has to alter the intersections and redistribute influence and power.
The Dynamic Approach

In this article we analyze the changing nature of the power core by slicing its evolution into
decade-long segments. The general figure includes all presidents since the 1910s up until
1994, a period in which we identify three generations. The first was involved in the 1910
revolution, was strongly connected to the revolutionary army (e.g., Crdenas) and
disappears around the 70s.
Table 1
Individual Centrality, 1920-1990
192090*
1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990
1 Madero, Francisco
0,502
2 Carranza, Venustiano
0,564
3 Obregn, Alvaro
0,550
2 Alemn Gonzlez, Miguel

2
0,518
4 Calles, Plutarco E.
0,564
0,65
7
2 Snchez Taboada, Rodolfo

5
0,548
0,58 0,59
3
1
9 Avila Camacho, Manuel
0,601
0,72 0,70
2
5
1 Aguilar, Cndido
8
0,561
0,60 0,58
2
3
6 Ortiz Rubio, Pascual
0,550
0,65 0,56 0,54

7
8
0
2 Beteta, Ramn
6
0,583
0,59 0,57 0,55

3
6
8
7 Rodriguez, Abelardo L.
0,537
0,65 0,56 0,54

7
8
0
2 Jara, Heriberto
3
0,529
0,611 0,58 0,51

3
4
1 Lpez Mateos, Adolfo

2
0,596
0,62 0,66
9
7
8 Crdenas, Lzaro
0,706
0,88 0,79 0,71

9
5
0
1 Trevio, Jacinto B.
9
0,476
0,50 0,49 0,48 0,44

9
2
6
8
3 Loyo Gilberto
3
0,482
0,53 0,50
6
4
0,662
0,68 0,72 0,73 0,68

5
0
2
8
2 Gmez, Marte R.
0
0,570
0,67 0,62 0,58 0,47

6
1
0
9
2 Santos, Gonzalo N.
1
0,594
0,75 0,67 0,60 0,48

0
4
9
9
5 Portes Gil, Emilio
0,654
0,74 0,65 0,64 0,54
11 Ruiz Cortines, Adolfo
1 Daz Ordaz, Gustavo

3
0,553
0,53 0,56 0,59

8
5
2
3 Ruiz Galindo, Antonio

0
0,482
0,50 0,52 0,52 0,44

8
9
9
6
1 Alemn Valds, Miguel

0
0,737
0,72 0,79 0,76 0,74 0,73

2
5
1
2
8
2 Carvajal, Angel
8
0,487
0,50 0,53 0,53 0,50

8
6
8
6
3 Carrillo Flores, Antonio

1
0,623
0,68 0,74 0,73

8
2
8
2 Beteta, Ignacio
4
0,469
0,51 0,47 0,44 0,35 0,41

9
7
6
3
7
3 Bustamante, Eduardo
2
0,535
0,54 0,56 0,60 0,66 0,63

5
5
0
7
3
3 Gonzlez Blanco, Salomn

6
0,518
0,47 0,50 0,55 0,58 0,58 0,58

2
8
1
3
3
3
2 Serra Rojas, Andrs

9
0,531
0,54 0,56 0,55 0,55 0,56 0,42

6
8
1
8
0
5
3 Ortiz Mena, Antonio

4
0,575
0,60 0,64 0,63 0,63

9
2
1
3
3 Margin, Hugo B.
5
0,614
0,70 0,82 0,88

8
1
3
3 Salinas Lozano, Ral

7
0,614
0,53 0,56 0,64 0,61 0,69 0,80

7
8
5
7
0
0
1 Lpez Portillo, Jos

5
0,434
0,49 0,60 0,68

2
7
3
1 Echeverra Alvarez, Luis

4
0,480
0,43 0,47 0,51 0,55

8
5
2
8
2 Beteta, Mario Ramn

7
0,507
0,52 0,65 0,75

5
5
0
1 De la Madrid Hurtado,
6 Miguel
0,493
0,60 0,73
7
3
1 Salinas de Gortari, Carlos

7
0,498
0,73
3
*This column shows the whole network values without any cuts. Source: Jorge Gil-Mendieta, S. Schmidt, J.
Castro and A. Ruiz, REDMEX data base, 1997. Laboratorio de Grficas, IIMAS-UNAM.
The second appears around the 1940s, has some family connection to the first generation
(e.g., Miguel Alemn) and includes some actors who are still present today. The third
generation enters the network between 1970 and 1980 and has family connections to the
second generation (e.g., Carlos Salinas de Gortari)(5). In the general graph (Figure 3, Table
1) the centrality index (In)(6) is higher for those with a direct role during the 1910 revolution
and those having connections with them, but as we move along we will see an important
distribution of values.
Table 2
Individual Centrality, 1940
# of Nodes
at Distance ...
Node
Name
Centrality
Crdenas, Lzaro
14
0,889
21
Santos, Gonzalo N.
0,750
Portes Gil, Emilio
0,741
Avila Camacho, Manuel
10
0,722
10
Alemn Valds, Miguel
10
0,722
11
Ruiz Cortines, Adolfo
10
0,685
20
Gmez, Marte R.
0,676
Calles, Plutarco E.
11
0,657
Ortiz Rubio, Pascual
11
0,657
Rodriguez, Abelardo L.
11
0,657
23
Jara, Heriberto
14
0,611
18
Aguilar, Cndido
13
0,602
26
Beteta, Ramn
12
0,593
25
Snchez Taboada, Rodolfo
15
0,583
29
Serra Rojas, Andrs
11
0,546
37
Salinas Lozano, Ral
14
0,537
24
Beteta, Ignacio
12
0,519
19
Trevio, Jacinto B.
11
0,509
36
Gonzlez Blanco, Salomn
0,472
Table 3
Clique Centrality, 1940
# of Nodes
at Distance
Clique
Centrality
5,8,9,21
14
0,967
4,5,6,7,8,21
12
0,962
5,8,26
14
0,938
8,10,18
14
0,938
8,10,25
14
0,938
8,10,26
14
0,938
8,18,21
14
0,938
8,9,23
14
0,938
5,8,9,20
13
0,933
8,9,10,20
13
0,933
8,18,23
13
0,906
9,11,21
13
0,906
4,5,6,7,8,20
10
0,885
9,10,11
11
0,844
11,19,21
11
0,844
9,11,23
10
0,813
10,11,25
10
0,813
5,9,29
10
0,813
9,10,29
0,781
8,24,26
0,750
We made the first cut in 1940, including two generations of politicians (Figure 4, Table 2).
By 1940, actors {1, 2, 3, 22}(7) have already disappeared. In the tables starting in 1940 we
have included the number of distances between the actors, and the proper In and Ic values.
In this cut, the first generation has the highest In values, and they are in full control of the
political system. All presidents are generals and built their network connections during the
revolution. Some members of the second generation (Miguel Alemn, Ral Salinas Lozano)
intersect between cliques and generations, and their In values are high. In 1940, 19 actors
had 20 cliques showing high clique centrality (IC) values (see Table 3).
Table 4
Individual Centralities, 1950
# of Nodes
at Distance ...
Node
Centrality
In
13
0,795
Name
8
Crdenas, Lzaro
10
Alemn Valds, Miguel
13
0,795
11
11
10
0,720
Avila Camacho, Manuel
13
0,705
21
Santos, Gonzalo N.
13
0,674
Portes Gil, Emilio
10
0,652
12
Lpez Mateos, Adolfo
11
0,629
20
Gmez, Marte R.
14
0,621
25
Snchez Taboada, Rodolfo
18
0,591
18
Aguilar, Cndido
17
0,583
23
Jara, Heriberto
17
0,583
26
Beteta, Ramn
16
0,576
11
0,568
11
0,568
29
Serra Rojas, Andrs
15
0,568
37
Salinas Lozano, Ral
15
0,568
32
Bustamante, Eduardo
12
0,545
13
Daz Ordaz, Gustavo
15
0,538
28
Carvajal, Angel
15
0,508
30
Ruiz Galindo, Antonio
15
0,508
36
11
0,508
19
Trevio, Jacinto B.
13
0,492
24
Beteta, Ignacio
11
0,477
Table 5
# of Nodes
at Distance
Clique
Centrality
8,10,18
18
0,950
8,10,25
18
0,950
8,10,26
18
0,950
8,9,10,20
17
0,947
9,10,11
16
0,900
9,11,21
16
0,900
10,11,12,25
15
0,895
10,11,28
15
0,875
10,11,30
15
0,875
5,8,9,21
14
0,868
8,9,23
14
0,850
9,11,23
14
0,850
9,10,13
14
0,850
9,10,29
14
0,850
5,8,9,20
13
0,842
5,6,7,8,21
12
0,833
8,18,21
13
0,825
11,19,21
13
0,825
10,12,32
13
0,825
10,12,13
13
0,825
10,29,32
13
0,825
5,8,26
12
0,800
8,18,23
12
0,800
5,6,7,8,20
10
0,778
8,24,26
11
0,775
5,9,29
11
0,775
11,12,36
11
0,767
12,32,37
13
0,675
12,36,37
14
0,650
In 1950, centrality starts moving to the second generation (Figure 5, Table 4). Members of
the first generation are present with high In values (e.g., Adolfo Ruiz Cortines), but the
second generation shows high In values (e.g., Adolfo Lpez Mateos, who actually became
president in 1958). In 1950, 23 actors had 29 cliques with Ic values (Table 5), so the
network is very cohesive.
By 1960, the revolutionary leaders start disappearing (Figure 6, Table 6) and the In values
of some of them start to decrease. Heriberto Jara has a 0.611 in 1940 and 0.514 in 1960;
Lzaro Crdenas has a 0.889 in 1940 and 0.710 in 1960. The values for the second
generation increase because they are already in power, even though the first generation still
holds on to its influence. Twenty-four actors have 28 cliques and the Ic values (Table 7) of
the second generation fall short of the Ic values of the first generation in 1940.
Table 6
# of Nodes
at Distance ...
Node
Centrality
11
12
0,761
Name
10
Alemn Valds, Miguel
11
11
11
0,732
Crdenas, Lzaro
12
10
0,710
31
Carrillo Flores, Antonio
13
0,688
12
Lpez Mateos, Adolfo
10
0,667
Portes Gil, Emilio
11
0,645
37
Salinas Lozano, Ral
15
0,645
21
Santos, Gonzalo N.
14
0,609
34
Ortiz Mena, Antonio
14
0,609
20
Gmez, Marte R.
14
0,580
13
Daz Ordaz, Gustavo
12
0,565
32
Bustamante, Eduardo
12
0,565
26
Beteta, Ramn
15
0,558
29
Serra Rojas, Andrs
14
0,551
36
14
0,551
0,540
0,540
28
Carvajal, Angel
16
0,536
33
Loyo Gilberto
12
0,536
30
15
0,529
23
Jara, Heriberto
17
0,514
19
Trevio, Jacinto B.
13
0,486
24
Beteta, Ignacio
12
0,446
14
Echeverra Alvarez, Luis
10
0,438
Table 7
# of Nodes
at Distance
3
Centrality
8,10,20
Clique
17
0,905
8,10,26
17
0,905
10,11,28,31
16
0,900
10,11,31,34
16
0,900
10,11,12,34
16
0,900
10,11,30
15
0,857
10,12,32
14
0,833
5,29,31
14
0,833
10,13,31,34
13
0,825
10,12,13,34
13
0,825
11,19,21
13
0,810
11,12,33
13
0,810
11,12,36
13
0,802
11,31,36
13
0,802
10,29,31,32
12
0,800
31,36,37
10
11
0,762
31,32,37
10
11
0,762
31,34,37
10
11
0,762
5,6,7,8,21
10
0,754
12,33,37
11
10
0,738
12,32,37
11
10
0,738
5,8,26
10
10
0,730
11,30,33
10
10
0,730
12,36,37
12
0,714
12,34,37
12
0,714
5,6,7,8,20
10
0,702
8,24,26
12
0,683
12,13,14
10
0,667
By 1970, only a few members of the first generation (Figure 7) are alive, and their In values
are low (Table 8). The values for the second generation continue to increase, but not to the
extent of reaching the first generation levels. In 1970, 21 actors have 15 cliques with low Ic
values (Table 9) in comparison to the previous decade. Hypothetically, we can assume that
the network started losing cohesion.
Table 8
# of Nodes
at Distance ...
5
Centrality
Node
Name
10
Alemn Valds, Miguel
10
0,742
31
10
0,742
35
Margin, Hugo B.
0,708
11
0,688
34
Ortiz Mena, Antonio
13
0,642
37
Salinas Lozano, Ral
10
0,617
32
Bustamante, Eduardo
12
0,600
13
Daz Ordaz, Gustavo
11
0,592
36
14
0,583
29
Serra Rojas, Andrs
11
0,558
Portes Gil, Emilio
10
0,546
28
Carvajal, Angel
13
0,538
30
12
0,529
27
Beteta, Mario Ramn
0,525
33
Loyo Gilberto
0,504
15
Lpez Portillo, Jos
0,492
21
Santos, Gonzalo N.
0,489
20
Gmez, Marte R.
10
0,479
14
0,475
19
Trevio, Jacinto B.
0,448
24
Beteta, Ignacio
0,353
Table 9
# of Nodes
at Distance ...
Clique
Centrality
10,13,31,34,35
12
0.875
10,11,31,34
13
0.873
31,35,36,37
12
0.853
31,34,35,37
12
0.853
10,11,28,31
13
0.843
11,31,36
12
0.824
10,11,30
12
0.824
10,29,31,32
11
0.824
31,32,37
11
0.806
5,29,31
11
0.796
11,19,21
10
0.741
15,27,35
0.731
11,30,33
0.681
14,15,35
0.676
13,14,35
0.676
By 1980, some members of the third generation (Salinas) enter the network (Figure 8). The
In values of some of the oldest members of the second generation (Miguel Alemn) start
decreasing, even though the members of the second generation don't reach high values
(Table 10). In 1980, the number of actors in the network's core decreases to 15, and the
same happens to the number of cliques, which drops to 9 (Table 11). The number of
intersections is also diminishing, reducing the number of influential actors.
Table 10
# of Nodes
at Distance ...
Node
Centrality
Name
35
Margin, Hugo B.
0,821
31
0,738
10
Alemn Valds, Miguel
0,738
37
Salinas Lozano, Ral
0,690
32
Bustamante, Eduardo
0,667
27
Beteta, Mario Ramn
0,655
34
Ortiz Mena, Antonio
0,631
16
De la Madrid Hurtado, Miguel
0,607
15
Lpez Portillo, Jos
0,607
36
0,583
29
Serra Rojas, Andrs
0,560
14
0,512
28
Carvajal, Angel
0,506
30
0,446
24
Beteta, Ignacio
0,417
Table 11
# of Nodes
at Distance
Clique
Centrality
10,31,34,35
10
0,955
31,34,35,37
0,909
31,35,36,37
0,909
15,16,27,35
0,864
16,35,37
0,833
31,32,37
0,833
10,29,31,32
0,818
14,15,35
0,792
10,28,31
0,778
By 1990, the disappearance of the old politicians is complete, and the third generation is in
power (Figure 9). The In values of actors (Table 12) who intersected cliques and generations
are high (Ral Salinas Lozano 0.800, Hugo B. Margin 0.883), and new actors are attaining
high ratings (Carlos Salinas 0.733). It is interesting, though, that while we made the cut in
the middle of the Salinas administration, he did not have the highest In value among the
members of the core and he did not reach the levels achieved by other actors in the 40s, 50s
and 60s. The 11 actors had 6 cliques, most of them with high Ic values (Table 13), which
suggests a small but cohesive group.
Table 12
# of Nodes
at Distance
Node
Centrality
Margin, Hugo B.
0,883
37
Salinas Lozano, Ral
0,800
27
Beteta, Mario Ramn
0,750
16
De la Madrid Hurtado, Miguel
0,733
17
Salinas de Gortari, Carlos
0,733
15
Lpez Portillo, Jos
0,683
32
Bustamante, Eduardo
0,633
34
Ortiz Mena, Antonio
0,633
36
0,583
Name
35
14
0,558
29
Serra Rojas, Andrs
0,425
Table 13
# of Nodes
at Distance
Clique
Centrality
35,36,37
0,938
16,17,27,35
0,929
16,17,35,37
0,929
15,16,27,35
0,929
17,34,35,37
0,929
14,15,35
0,854
The analysis of cliques shows a trend, where the first generation had strong connectivity
peaking in 1950. Connectivity for the second generation seems to be lower, and for the
third higher, but the size of the network in general was constantly shrinking (Table 14).
Table 14
Clique Centrality, 1940-1990
1940
1950
1960
Clique
Cent.
Clique
Cent
5,8,9,21
0,967
5,8,9,21
0,868 5,6,7,8,21 0,754
4,5,6,7,8,21 0,962 5,6,7,8,21 0,833
Clique
1970
Cent
5,8,26
0,730
1980
1990
Clique
Cent
Clique
Cent
Clique
Cent
11,19,21
0,681
10,28,31
0,778
35,36,37
0,938
10,11,28,31
0,843 10,29,31,32 0,818 17,34,35,37 0,929

0,824 10,31,34,35 0,955 15,16,27,35 0,929
5,8,26
0,938
5,8,26
0,800
8,10,26
0,905
10,11,30
8,10,18
0,938
8,10,18
0,950
8,10,20
0,905
10,29,31,32
0,824 31,35,36,37 0,909
8,10,25
0,938
8,10,25
0,950 5,6,7,8,20 0,702
10,11,31,34
0,873
8,10,26
0,938
8,10,26
0,950
11,19,21
0,810
8,18,21
0,938
8,18,21
0,825
8,24,26
0,683 10,13,31,34,35 0,875 15,16,27,35 0,864
8,9,23
0,938
8,9,23
0,850 10,11,28,31 0,900
5,8,9,20
0,933
5,8,9,20
0,842
10,11,30
8,9,10,20
0,933
8,9,10,20 0,947
10,12,32
8,18,23
0,906
8,18,23
9,11,21
0,906
9,11,21
5,29,31
31,32,37
0,796 31,34,35,37 0,909 16,17,35,37 0,929

0,824
14,15,35
0,792
0,857
31,35,36,37
0,853
16,35,37
0,833
0,833
31,32,37
0,806
0,800 10,12,13,34 0,825
31,34,35,37
0,853
0,900 10,29,31,32 0,800
11,30,33
0,681
11,12,36
0,802
15,27,35
0,731
9,10,11
0,844
9,10,11
0,900
12,32,37
0,738
14,15,35
0,676
11,19,21
0,844
11,19,21
0,825
12,36,37
0,714
13,14,35
0,676
9,11,23
0,813
9,11,23
0,850 10,11,31,34 0,900
10,11,25
0,813 10,11,12,25 0,895 10,11,12,34 0,900
5,9,29
0,813
5,9,29
0,775
9,10,29
0,781
9,10,29
0,850 10,13,31,34 0,825
5,29,31
8,24,26
0,750
8,24,26
0,775
11,12,33
0,810
10,11,28
0,875
11,31,36
0,802
10,11,30
0,875
31,36,37
0,762
9,10,13
0,850
31,32,37
0,762
10,12,32
0,825
31,34,37
0,762
10,12,13
0,825
12,33,37
0,738
10,29,32
0,825
11,30,33
0,730
11,12,36
0,767
12,34,37
0,714
12,32,37
0,675
12,13,14
0,667
12,36,37
0,650
0,854
0,833 16,17,27,35 0,929
11,31,36
4,5,6,7,8,20 0,885 5,6,7,8,20 0,778
14,15,35
0,833
Diminishing values in both indexes show a network losing cohesiveness, and the waning
number of influential actors suggests less inclusion of new actors. These two trends explain
many of the events that occurred in Mexico during the 90's: political assassination, political
instability and turbulence and the end of political monopoly via opposition victories.
Conclusion
The Mexican network of power has played an important role in bringing about political
stability due to many intersections that have helped transfer and mobilize political
resources. Among the three generations of politicians identified in our research, the first
had more connections, which can be politically relevant because it shows more cohesion
and integration of the political elite producing political stability. As time progresses, In
values (Table 1) and Ic values (Table 14) decrease, resulting in less integration and
cohesion. Beginning in the late 80s the opposition parties began winning elections. In 1994,
both the presidential candidate and the secretary general of the ruling PRI were killed, and
since then an exodus of party members has begun.
The In shows that contemporary leaders, mainly in the 70s never reach high values, with
the exception of Hugo B. Margin and Ral Salinas Lozano, who happen to be at the
intersection of cliques and generations and became very influential. In fact, Raul Salinas's
son became president in 1988.
The cut-off line for the exchange of values happened during the period 1970-80, when most
of the revolutionary leadership finally disappeared. Something interesting is that some of
the presidents from 1970 to 1990 do not have the highest In values, not even when we made
five year cuts to be close to their administration, which suggests a weakening of their role.
By including and excluding actors, we discovered that a generation of actors disappeared in
the 70s, and this coincides with a change in the whole political scene in Mexican politics.
The type of politicians in power changed from the politicos with political experience and
connections to the revolutionary leaders to bureaucrats (Schmidt 1991) who built political
careers through the bureaucracy and accomplishments at school. This can be one of the
most important indicators for political change in Mexico; moreover, political change in
Mexico shows less cohesion and less political stability, much of which has to do with the
weakening of the network of power.

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A Dynamic Analysis of the Mexican Power Network

The Mexican Network

The topology of a network shows the flow of

The Mexican Political System

The Dynamic Approach

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990

2 Alemn Gonzlez, Miguel

2 Snchez Taboada, Rodolfo

9 Avila Camacho, Manuel

6 Ortiz Rubio, Pascual

0,65 0,56 0,54

0,59 0,57 0,55

0,65 0,56 0,54

0,611 0,58 0,51

1 Lpez Mateos, Adolfo

0,88 0,79 0,71

0,50 0,49 0,48 0,44

0,68 0,72 0,73 0,68

0,67 0,62 0,58 0,47

0,75 0,67 0,60 0,48

5 Portes Gil, Emilio

0,74 0,65 0,64 0,54

11 Ruiz Cortines, Adolfo

1 Daz Ordaz, Gustavo

0,53 0,56 0,59

3 Ruiz Galindo, Antonio

0,50 0,52 0,52 0,44

1 Alemn Valds, Miguel

0,72 0,79 0,76 0,74 0,73

0,50 0,53 0,53 0,50

3 Carrillo Flores, Antonio

0,68 0,74 0,73

0,51 0,47 0,44 0,35 0,41

0,54 0,56 0,60 0,66 0,63

3 Gonzlez Blanco, Salomn

0,47 0,50 0,55 0,58 0,58 0,58

2 Serra Rojas, Andrs

0,54 0,56 0,55 0,55 0,56 0,42

3 Ortiz Mena, Antonio

0,60 0,64 0,63 0,63

0,70 0,82 0,88

3 Salinas Lozano, Ral

0,53 0,56 0,64 0,61 0,69 0,80

1 Lpez Portillo, Jos

0,49 0,60 0,68

1 Echeverra Alvarez, Luis

0,43 0,47 0,51 0,55

2 Beteta, Mario Ramn

0,52 0,65 0,75

1 Salinas de Gortari, Carlos

Portes Gil, Emilio

Avila Camacho, Manuel

Alemn Valds, Miguel

Ruiz Cortines, Adolfo

Ortiz Rubio, Pascual

Snchez Taboada, Rodolfo

Serra Rojas, Andrs

Salinas Lozano, Ral

Gonzlez Blanco, Salomn

Alemn Valds, Miguel

Ruiz Cortines, Adolfo

Avila Camacho, Manuel

Portes Gil, Emilio