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With increasing demand for flexibility in interior layout, the use of flat
plate for landed houses is gaining much popularity amongst architects.
The main and unique feature of this system is that it provides a way for
the architect to achieve the concept of high and completely flat ceiling
with no beam protrusion.
Some projects have reported an improvement in the construction speed
and cost savings from using this system which requires only simple
formwork. The use of flat plate appeals to designers particularly because
design flexibility is possible through shifting of walls without the need
for columns to be properly aligned. The services can be installed within
or below the slab and there are flexibilities in relocating vertical small
penetrations. The soffit is often flat and high ceiling height can be
achieved.
The columns used in this system are either cast in-situ concrete columns or circular steel hollow sections. When the
columns used are steel hollow sections with concrete in-fill, the desired finish with exposed steel can be easily achieved.
Architectural layout should be planned to fully enhance the main area where high flat ceiling with neatly arranged
concrete columns are required in the design.
Spacing of column
Long term deflection of the flat plate.
Early planning of routing for M&E services opening for void and location of staircase.
Flat plate/slab structure in area of low seismicity(Zone1&2) can be designed as permitted by code to resist both
vertical and lateral loads.
For areas of high seismicity(Zone3,4&5) code does not permit flat slab construction to resist earthquake lateral
load, hence lateral load resisting system has to be designed separately in addition to flat plate/slab gravity system.
When flat slab is used in combination with shear walls for lateral load resistance the column can be designed for
only 25% of the design force.
Post tensioned flat plate slab are common variations of the conventional plate structure where most of the
reinforcement is placed by post tensioned strands of very high strength steel.
The structural advantage of post tensioning over conventional RCC is that the slab is neatly crack free at full service
load.
The lack of cracking lead to a water tight structure.
The disadvantage in using post tensioned system in commercial building in India is its lack of flexibility to create
openings when the slab is completed with post tensioning.
COMPARISON BETWEEN FLAT PLATE FLOOR SYSTEM AND TRADITIONAL BEAM SYSTEM
Figure: Design Moment & Shears for flat plate floor interior Panel C.
(a): Moments
(b): Shears
Figure 5.2 Typical shear failure near column. Proper detailing of shear reinforcement
must be provided