Choose the letter of the underlined word or group of words that is not

correct.
_____ 5.
_____ 6.

_____ 7.
New

_____ 8.
skin

The waters of the Chattahoochee River fills Lake Lanier

A
B
C
D
The first set of false teeth similiar to those in use today it was
A
B C
made in France in the 1780s.
D
The term Yankee was originally a nickname for people from
A
England, but now anyone from the United States are referred
B
C
to as a Yankee.
D
A network of small arteries, mostly sandwiched between the
A
and the underlying muscles, supply blood to the face and

scalp.
_____ 9.

_____ 10.

B
C
D
Mesquite is a small tree in the Southwest who can withstand
the
A
B
C
D
severest drought.
At the end of the Revolution, most of the army units of the
young
A
nation was almost entirely disbanded, leaving a total national
B
C
D
military force of eighty men in 1784

Skill 14:
PARALLEL STRUCTURE WITH
COORDINATE CONJUNCTIONS
The job of the coordinate conjunctions (and, but, or) is to join together
equal expressions. In other words, what is on one side of these words
must be parallel to what is on the other side. These conjunctions can join
nouns, or verbs, or adjectives, or phrases, or clauses; they just must join
together the same structures. Here are examples of equal structures
corectly joined by coordinate conjunctions.
He discussed the problem with the nurse, and the doctor.
The professor was knowledgeable but boring.
She hikes, jogs, or rides her bicycle whenever she can.

There are meetings in the morning, in the afternoon, and in the

evening.
You can do the home work because you want to do it or because
you have to do it.

In the first example, two nouns are joined by the coordinate conjunction
and. In the second example, two adjectives are joined by the coordinate
conjunction but. In the third example, three verbs are joined by the
coordinate conjunction or. In the fourth example, three phrases are joined
by the coordinate conjunction and. In the last exampke, two clauses are
joined by the coordinate conjunction or.
The sentences that follow show the types of errors in parallel
structure that are common in the TOEFL test.
The evening dress was beauty* but expensive.
The student reads each chapter, takes a lot of notes, and
memories* the material.

In the first example, the coordinate conjunction but joins the noun beauty
and the adjective expensive. The adjective beautiful is needed in place of
beauty. In the the second xample, the coordinate conjunction and joins
the verb reads, the verb takes, and the plural noun memories. The verb
memorizes is needed in place of memories.
The following chart outlines the use of parallel structure with
coordinate conjunctions.
PARALLEL STRUCTURE WITH COORDINATE CONJUNCTIONS.

(same structure)

And
(same structure)
But
or

(same structure),
(same structure)

And
(same
But structure).
or

NOTE: A list of common word endings and exercises to practice their use
are included at the back of the text in Appendix C. You may want to
complete these exercises before you continue with Skills 14 through 15.

EXERCISE 14:

Each of the following sentences contains words or

groups of words that should be parallel. Circle the word that indicates that
the sentence should have parallel parts. Underline the parts that should
be parallel. Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).

I
1. The pastries in that shop are very expensive but quite
deliciously.
C

2. You can find some change to buy a paper in the drawer, on top
of the dresser, or in the jar.

_____ 3.

The living room was decorated with expensive paintings and

elegance lamps.

_____ 4.

He knew that the financial problems were serious, that the

situation was not going to improve, and that he needed to get
a job.

_____ 5.

All day long during the trip to the mountains, they were skiing,
sledding, or played in the snow.

_____ 6.

The car needs new tires but not a new engine.

_____ 7.

He stops working when he gets too tired to continue or when

he has finished.

_____ 8.

To get to the office, you should go through this door, turn to

the left, and continuation down the hall.

_____ 9.

For dessert we could serve lemon pie, fruit tarts, chocolate

cake, or butter cookies.

_____ 10.

The sick child needs some medicine, some juice, and to rest.

Skill 15: PARALLEL STRUCTURE WITH PAIRED

CONJUNCTIONS.
The paired conjunctions bot. . . and, either. . . or, neither. . .nor, and not
only. . .but also require parallel structures.
The lecture was both informative and enjoyable.

Either the history exam or the physics exam is on

Tuesday.
The missing papers are neither on his desk nor in the
file.
He visited not only his cousin but also his grandmother.
The following is not parallel and must be corrected:
They want either to play tennis or golf*.
It is not correct because to play tennis is not parallel to fgolf. It can be
corrected in different ways.
They want either to play tennis or to play golf.
They want to play either tennis or golf.
When you are using these paired conjunctions, be sure that the
correct parts are used together. The following are incorrect:
He lent me noth some paper or* a pencil.
Either breakfast nor* lunch is included in the price.
These sentences are incorrect because the wrong parts of the paired
conjunctions are used together. In the first example, and should be used
with both. In the second example, or should be used with either.
The following chart outlines the use of parallel structure with paired
conjunctions.

PARALLEL STRUCTURE WITH PAIRED CONJUNCTIONS

Both
Either
Neither
(same structure)
Not
only

EXERCISE 15:

And
Or
(same structure)
Nor
But also

Each of the following sentences contains words or

groups of words that should be parallel. Circle the words that indicate that
the sentences should have parallel parts. Underline the parts that should
be parallel. Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).
I