ADVANTAGES OF JATROPHA SEEDS WITH MYCORRHIZAL APPLICATION

1.Jatropha curcas is become altenative for reducing air pollution.This we can un

derstand like this-
2.It is shrub and it can grow in any type of soils including infertile lan
ds also.
3.This crop is not grazed upon by animals and we can grow this in low rainfall
areas also.
4.It become a interested subject starting from Agriculture Universities/scient
ists toIndustrialists/farmers.
5.Germination percentage of mycorrhizal inoculated jatropha seed is more than 90
% than seed without inoculation.
Early flowering of 3-5 months observed by many scientists.
6.In the case of yield By raising the plantation with mycorrhizal inoculated see
ds,there will be a 15%-25% increase in yield than plantation grown with non-inoc
ulated jatropha seeds.
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Quality Planting Material and Propagation methods of Jatropha
There are 2 methods of Propagation-
1]Generative-Require seeds.
2]Vegetative-stem cutting and microcutting
These two methods have influenced by various levels of labour oriented,well
establishment of plants,land preparation,depth of sowing,age and seed quality.
Again in generative method of propagation there are two methods.Those are direct
sowing on land and transplanting from nursery.In the case og vegetative method
of propagation we have two methods.The first one is Branch cutting and the secon
d one is Microcutting propagation i.e in-vitro.
Selection of quality planting material is based on several basics.When we go for
planting jatropha the seed material should be adaptable to that particular area
. When we are multiplying through seed we should be very careful as jatropha is
highly cross pollinated crop and it is hard to get genitically uniform seed mate
rial. We should be very careful in case of seed born diseases, diseases in mothe
r plant where we are collecting seed . Finally we should check yield and oil con
tent data before plantation.
There are so many advantages of micropropagation in jatropha for commercial micr
opropagation we have to go for selection of plus trees initially. Later we have
to establish culture and multiplication. Then we go for rooting and transplantat
ion after that we transfer that grown plants in laboratory to green house for ac
climatization then they are ready for planted in the open land.
By Propagating the jatropha in micropropagation method we have more benefits. We
can produce large number of plants in smaller area and at the same time we can
get the material irrespective of seasons another advantage is we can disease res
istant plants if we select for material from disease resistant mother plant. Mak
e sure that temperatures and light should be maintained in a laboratory as per t
he requirement of growing tissue
EXISTING DEVELOPMENTS IN JATROPHA PLANTATIONS AND LIST OF MAJOR BIODIESEL COMPAN
IES IN THE WORLD
Sunday, Sep. 13th 2009
Many companies and institutes all over the world working intensely on jatropha t
o identify and set as the best package of practices adaptable by farmers. And al
so many breeders are working on breeding activities for establishing high yieldi
ng varieties.
1) Breeding Programs
A) Establishing gene pool of different varieties in jatropha.
B) Propagating the material in mother nurseries
C) Progenies are tested in field trails
D) Find out superiority (growth and seed yeild) of identified varieties (over ot
hers)
E) Release of 2 – 3 superior varieties for growing plantations at farmers level
2) Spacing
Many Research people proposed different spacings. When they adapt closure spacin
g they observed early flowering and fruiting but majority of scientists recommen
ded 2 mts X 2 mts is spacing is optimum for getting higher yields in jatropha pl
antation
3) Propagation
There are 3 methods to propagate jatropha
A) Direct Seeding
B) Grow Nursery by keeping seed in poly bags
C) Through Cuttings
Most of the research people observed that plants growing faster from cuttings th
an plants growing from seeds.
4) Prunning
Most of the research people declared that time and method of pruning are crucial
and had importance in growth and yield. Further observations revealed that when
pruned at 4′ height and in 5 cm size girth plants.
5) Intercropping
Research People observed that weed suppression is occurring while they go for in
tercropping. We Can grow crops like pumpkins, red grams, green gram, gherkins et
c…
6) Fertilizers
Majority of research people recommended NPK 50:50:25 plus 2 tons of press mud pe
r hectare for getting good growth and heavy branching.
List of Some Research Institutes and Private Companies
1) Central Salt and marine chemicals research institute – India
2) Lao Institute for renewable energy – Korea
3) National Mission on Jatropha biodiesel – India
4) Philippine National Oil Company – Philippines
5) Allegro biodiesel – U.S.A
6) Jatoil Limited – Australia
7) Omnia Group – Zambia
De – ord Fuel – England
9) Masder – UAE
10) Jatropha Agro Pvt Limited – India
11) Beacon Energy Corp. OF Cleburne, Texas – U.S.A
12) D1 Mohan Bio – India
13) China Agro Technology – China
14) SRIPHL – India

BASIC INFORMATION [SEED TO OIL] OF JATROPHA CURCAS Linn

Friday, Sep. 11th 2009
As a beginning of this site want to share with you about this wonder plant Jatro
pha curcas Linn from seed to oil. Jatropha is native to Mexico and Central Ame
rica.Its origin was found in Central America over 70 million years ago. It has m
ilky sap that can irritate our skin. Jatropha belongs to Euphorbiaceous family a
nd it’s genus [Jatropha] comprising 170 species. is a small tree or shrub with a
lifespan of nearly 50 years. This plant is monoecious and female flowers gener
ally in large size and occurs in hot season.It comes under cross pollinated cate
gory and pollination occurs through insects. The fruits are fleshy until it matu
res and the shape of the fruit is trilocular ellipsoidal. At the stage of fruits
turns to yellow complete harvesting and cleaned seed decorticated before expell
ing. The oil content varies based on age of plant, but we can expect average aro
und 30% oil from a 4 years plant.
SEEDS: Jatropha can grow on wide range of climatic conditions and on different s
oils with a minimum rainfall of 300-1000 mm.The reproduction of plant can be don
e either through seeds in poly bags or sowing of branch cuttings in line with a
distance of 25-30 cm and 2 cm depth.
CUTTINGS: Branch cuttings can collect from mother plant with specifications of 2
-3 cm thickness and minimum of 40 cm length. Then they are planted in nursery be
ds with a spacing of 30 cm x 30 cm.Longer and thicker cuttings give us good perf
ormance.
PLANTING IN MAIN FIELD: Transplanting of 4 months old seedlings is done in 45×45
x45 centimeters size pit. Applying of chlorpyriphos dust is useful in protecting
termites and also it is better to apply Trichoderma viridae for better protecti
on of seedlings. Direct seed sowing [2-3 seeds]is also recommended while monsoon
starts and remove all plants after 50 days keeping single plant in main field.
But direct seed sowing is not advisable for better results. The recommended pop
ulation per hectare is 1100 with a spacing of 3×3 mts.
PRUNING: The pruning must be done when the tree sheds the leaves and take care t
o avoid the peeling off the bark. From 2nd year onwards we can prune from a plan
t with 4-5 cm girth branches.To avoid fungal attack apply COC after pruning.
FERTILIZERS: At the time of transplanting if we can apply 2 – 3 kgs of organic m
anure per pit gives us better results at the same time in the case of chemical f
ertilizers if we apply npk ratio of 40:40:20 Kgs along with 2.5 tons of vermicom
post per hectare at the beginning of rainy season gives us very good results
IRRIGATION: Flowering, Pod formation and Pod filling stages are crucial for irri
gation. Based on requirement weeding should be done. Irrigation must be done onc
e in 15 – 20 days during summer season
INTERCROPPING: When Jatropha plantation age is below 2 years we can grow intercr
ops like jowar, red gram, black gram, castor etc. It gives us supplementary inco
me also
Pests and Diseases: There is a chance of attack of Pests like leaf webber, minor
, thrips, mealy bugs, mite, black hairy caterpillar etc and diseases like dampin
g off, root rot leaf spot and powdery mildew.
Generally Fruits will be mature 2 months after anthesis and changes to yellow co
lor which is a stage for harvest the fruit. It gives yield of 1500 – 2000 Kgs af
ter 4 years under rainfed conditions and it gives yield upto 50 years