The Autobiography of Pres.

Corazon Cojuangco
Aquino
Corazon Cojuangco Aquino (1933) was the first woman to run for
the office of the president of the Republic of the Philippines. The results of
the 1986 election were so fraudulent that both Aquino and her opponent,
the incumbent, Ferdinand Marcos declared victory. As a result of the
election, the Filipino people rose in protest and Marcos was forced to flee
the country and Aquino assumed the office of president.
Corazon Cojuangco Aquino was born on January 25, 1933, the sixth
of eight children born to Jose Cojuangco of Tarlac, a prosperous province
65 miles northwest of Manila, the Philippines capital. The Cojuangco’s
were members of a wealthy landowning family prominent in politics.
Aquino attended an exclusive Catholic school for girls in Manila
before traveling to America to attend Philadelphia's Raven Hill Academy.
After earning a degree in French and mathematics from New York's Mount
Saint Vincent College in 1953, she returned to the Philippines and
enrolled in a Manila law school. While at law school she met her future
husband, Benigno Aquino and married him in 1954. The marriage united
two of Tarlac's most prominent families.

The Politician's Wife

Aquino's husband belonged to a family whose involvement in
politics went as far back as the last century. One year after they were
married, Aquino's husband was elected mayor of the city of Concepcion at
the age of 22. Her husband was considered one ofthe Philippines'
brightest political hopes.
Moving up in politics, Aquino's husband became the youngest
territorial governor and later the youngest senator in the Philippines.
Through out all her husband's political successes, Aquino stayed in the
background, preferring to concentrate her energies on raising their four
daughters and a son.
As her husband rose in prominence, he became an outspoken critic
of the regime of President Ferdinand Marcos. When Marcos declared
martial law on September 21, 1972, Aquino's husband was one of the
first persons arrested and put in jail. During the long years of her
husband's incarceration from 1972 to 1980, Aquino's role as a quiet wife
slowly changed. Becoming her husband's main link to the outside world,
she was instrumental in having his statements passed along to the press
and to activists outside the prison walls. From inside his cell, Aquino's
husband even ran for a seat in Parliament, with his wife conducting a
large portion of the campaign.
In 1980, Aquino's husband was released from jail in order to
undergo heart surgery in the United States. Aquino's husband worked as
a research fellow at Harvard University for the next three years. His
family lived with him in the Boston area and his wife described the time
as the best years of her life.
In 1983 supporters of the anti-Marcos factions persuaded Aquino's
husband to return to the Philippines and to lead their cause. When his
plane landed on the tarmac of the Manila International Airport on August
21, 1983, Aquino's husband was assassinated. A commission formed to
investigate the murder indicted the military men assigned to escort him
as well as their military superiors. However, the court which eventually
tried them for the murder acquitted all 26 defendants.

Homemaker Turns Politician

Her husband's assassination served as the turning point of Aquino's
life. As her dead husband became the rallying focus of anti-Marcos groups
she, as his widow, became the unifying figure for the different factions of
the opposition. Aquino was catapulted into the role of keeping the
unity alive. On October 15, 1985, the Aquino presidential campaign was
launched at the National Press Club in Manila by 250 founding members,
many of whom were businesspeople and professionals.
Aquino agreed to run if one million supporters signed an
endorsement of her candidacy and if President Marcos called for a snap
election. The supporters collected more than one million signatures, and
her candidacy was endorsed by six opposition political parties as the
common candidate for president in the election called for February 7,
1986. The political support she amassed, and the exoneration of the
military men tried for her husband's murder, made Aquino accept the
mandate to run for the presidency, "not in vengeance but in search
of justice."
She picked Salvador Laurel, leader of the opposition's largest
faction, as her running mate. Initial negotiations fell through in a
disagreement about which party's name to carry--her husband's LABAN
(Fight) Party or Laurel's UNIDO (United Nationalist Democratic
Organization). Before the deadline for filing candidacy she and Laurel
agreed to run under the UNIDO banner.
Countering Marcos's charges of her political inexperience, Aquino
counted as her main asset her diametrical opposition to the president.
Her supporters considered her a fresh new face with a reputation for
moral integrity. Her main assets in the campaign were her reputation for
moral integrity along with her avowal of her slain husband's ideals. To
these were added the quiet support of the influential Roman Catholic
Church in the Philippines, whose prelate Jamie Cardinal Sin was
instrumental in the Aquino-Laurel reconciliation.
The homemaker-turned-politician responded to the challenge with
enthusiasm and a singular commitment to the cause of justice. Her
opponent, Marcos, had extended his term of office for more than 20 years
through a declaration of martial law and constitutional changes that
increased his powers. The true results of the election may never be
known as the incumbent forces used intimidation, scattered violence, and
overt fraud to declare Marcos the winner. The people took to the streets
in protest; some army leaders revolted; the United States expressed
its indignation. Less than three weeks after his alleged election victory in
February 1986, Marcos fled the Philippines. Aquino became the
acknowledged president of the republic.

The Presidency and Beyond

 Aquino admitted that she faced numerous challenges as the new
Filipino president. The release of 441 political prisoners and the forced
retirement of 22 pro-Marcos generals were among her first actions as
president. She also reinstated the writ of habeas corpus, the right of a
prisoner to appear before a judge, and abolished the government's ability
to imprison people at will, which had been in effect since 1981. Aquino
promised to promote the right to assemble peaceably, and free speech
along with prosecuting corruption and abusers of human rights.
Protecting the countryside was another of Aquino's goals. She
planned to accomplish this by disarming the private armies that roamed
the rural areas and establish industries there. Aquino said she would
revitalize the sugar industry by breaking the monopoly. She
acknowledged the special relationship with the United States but
emphasized that her concern was with the Filipinos, not the Americans.
Aquino knew her popularity would wane and that her leadership
would be harshly criticized. At least seven coups were directed at her
government during her tenure as president, many times by former allies
who had helped her come to power. Besides dealing with factious parties
both within her cabinet and in the nation, Aquino had to contend with
natural disasters and frequent power failures.
In 1991, a constitutional amendment was passed by referendum
which enabled Aquino to remain president until June 30, 1992. Her
successor was Fidel Ramos, her former secretary of defense and Marcos'
former deputy chief of staff of the armed forces. Ramos, who assisted
Aquino in fending off the coup attempts, has continued to support
Aquino's democratic ideals. Aquino has still retained her popularity with
the Filipino people and works for reform by participating in cooperatives
and non-governmental organizations in the Philippines.