Beam

LOADING AND CALCULATION

1/B-C
1/C-D
1/D-E
5/B-C
5/C-D

Using steel grade 275

Design load
Dead load (DL)
Total dead load on slab
: 24 kN/m3 x 0.15 m
Ceiling
Mechanical and electrical (m & e )
Finishing

: 2.5 kN/m2 x 4 m

Brick Wall
Total dead load

=
3.6 kN/m2
2
= 0.25 kN/m
= 0.5 kN/m 2
= 0.5 kN/m 2
---------------4.85 kN/m 2
= 10 kN/m

: ( 4.85 x 1.875 ) + 10

= 19.09 kN/m

Live Load (LL)

Office
: 2.5 x 1.875
Design Load, Wudl

= 4.6875kN/m

= 1.4DL + 1.6LL
= 1.4 (19.09) + 1.6 (4.6875)
= 34.226 kN/m

Maximum moment (Trial)

Mmax = wL2 / 8 = 32.226 (8.75)2 / 8 = 327.55 kNm
Plastic modulus
Assume the web thickness,T<16mm, py = 275N/

327.55 x 10 3
Sx =
275

= 1191.09

mm

cm3

From table properties, try UB 406x178x67

Beam self weight = 67.1 kg/m
D = 409.4mm, B = 178.8mm, t = 8.8mm, T = 14.3 mm, b/T = 6.25 mm, d/t = 41.0
mm
Sx = 1350

cm 3 , Ix =

cm 4 , Zx = cm 3 , r = 10.2 mm

New design load = 1.4 (19.09 + 0.671) + 1.6 (4.6875) = 35.17 kN/m
Maximun moment and shear (Final)
Mmax = wL2/8 = 35.17 (8.75)2/ 8 = 336.59 kNm
Fmax = wL/2 = 35.17 (8.75) / 2 = 153.87 kN

Design strength and determination of section class

Since T = 14.3mm < 16mm,py = 275 N/
=

275
275

mm2

= 1.00

b/T=6.25 < 9,the flange is plastic (class 1)

d/t =41.0 < 80,the web is plastic (class 1)
Since the flange and web are class 1, the cross section is class 1. Plastic design is
valid for designing this section.
Shear buckling
d/t =41.0 < 70, there is no need check need for shear buckling.
Shear capacity
Pv = 0.6pyAv = 0.6(275)(409.4)(8.8)= 594.45kN
Fv = 153.87kN < Pv shear is adequate
Moment capacity
0.6Pv = 0.6 (594.45) = 356.67 kN
Fv < Pv ; low shear
Mc= pySx = 275(1350x

103 ) = 371.25 kNm

Since Mmax = 336.59kNm < Mc moment is adequate

Deflection check
Live load unfactored = 2.5 x 1.875 = 4.687 kN/m
Ix = 24300 x 104 mm4

5wiL / 348EI =

limit =

5( 4.687)(8950)4
384 ( 205 1000 ) 24300 10 4

= 7.18mm

8750
=24.31
360

max <limit (deflection within allowable limit )

Web bearing capacity
Fv < Pbw
b 1= t + T + 0.8r g
* g = 10
Pbw = (b1 + nk)tPyw
= (8.8)+ (14.3) + 0.8(10.2) - 10
K= T + r = 14.3 + 10.2 = 24.5
=21.26
N = 2 + 0.6be / k = 2
Pbw = [21.26 + (2 x 24.5)](8.8)(275 x 10-3) = 170.03 kN
Fv = 153.87 < Pbw , ok bearing stiffener is not needed.
Web buckling check
Fv < Pbw
ae = 21.26/2 = 10.63
0.7d = 0.7 x 409.4 = 286.58 mm > ae

Px =

a+0.7 d
1.4 d

25 t
Pbw
( b 1+nk ) d

10.63+286.58
1.4 x 409.4

25 x 1 x 8.8
170.03
( 21.26+ 2 24.5 ) 409.4

= 114.455 kn
Fv = 153.87 < Pbw, ok bearing stiffener is required

Beam

LOADING AND CALCULATION

2/B-C
2/C-D
2/D-E

Using steel grade 275

Design load
Dead load (DL)
Total dead load on slab
: 24 kN/m3 x 0.15 m
Ceiling
Mechanical and electrical (m & e )
Finishing

Total dead load

=
3.6 kN/m2
= 0.25 kN/m 2
= 0.5 kN/m 2
= 0.5 kN/m 2
---------------4.85 kN/m 2

: ( 4.85 x 3.75 )

= 18.19 kN/m

Live Load (LL)

Office
: 2.5 x 3.75
Design Load, Wudl

= 9.375 kN/m

= 1.4DL + 1.6LL
= 1.4 (18.19) + 1.6 (9.375)
= 40.47 kN/m

Maximum moment (Trial)

Mmax = wL2 / 8 = 40.47 (8.75)2 / 8 = 387.31 kNm
Plastic modulus
Assume the web thickness,T<16mm, py = 275N/

387.31 x 103
Sx =
275

= 1408.4

cm3

mm

From table properties, try UB 406x178x74

Beam self weight = 74.2 kg/m
D = 412.8mm, B = 179.5mm, t = 9.5mm, T = 16 mm, b/T = 5.61 mm, d/t = 37.9
mm
Sx = 1500

cm 3 , Ix = 27300 x 104

cm 4 , , r = 10.2 mm

New design load = 1.4 (18.19 + 0.742) + 1.6 (9.38) = 41.51 kN/m
Maximun moment and shear (Final)
Mmax = wL2/8 = 41.51 (8.75)2/ 8 = 397.26 kNm
Fmax = wL/2 = 41.51 (8.75) / 2 = 181.61 kN

Design strength and determination of section class

Since T = 16mm
=

275
275

16mm,py = 275 N/ mm2

= 1.00

b/T=5.61 < 9,the flange is plastic (class 1)

d/t =37.9 < 80,the web is plastic (class 1)
Since the flange and web are class 1, the cross section is class 1. Plastic design is
valid for designing this section.
Shear buckling
d/t =37.9 < 70, there is no need check need for shear buckling.
Shear capacity
Pv = 0.6pyAv = 0.6(275)(412.8)(9.5)= 647.064kN
Fv = 181.61kN < Pv shear is adequate
Moment capacity
0.6Pv = 0.6 (647.064) = 388.24 kN
Fv < Pv ; low shear
Mc= pySx = 275(1500x

103 ) = 412.5 kNm

Since Mmax = 397.26kNm < Mc moment is adequate

Deflection check
Live load unfactored = 2.5 x 3.75 = 9.375 kN/m
Ix = 27300 x 104 mm4

5wiL4 / 348EI =

limit =

5 (49.375)(8950)4
384 ( 205 1000 ) 27 300 10 4

8750
=24.31
360

max <limit (deflection within allowable limit )

= 12.79mm

Beam

LOADING AND CALCULATION

3/B-C
3/C-D
3/D-E

Using steel grade 275

Design load
Dead load (DL)
Total dead load on slab
: 24 kN/m3 x 0.15 m
Ceiling
Mechanical and electrical (m & e )
Finishing

=
3.6 kN/m2
2
= 0.25 kN/m
= 0.5 kN/m 2
= 0.5 kN/m 2
---------------4.85 kN/m 2
= 4 kN/m

Partition : 1 X 4
Total dead load

: ( 4.85 x 3.75 ) + 4

Live Load (LL)

Office
: 2.5 x 3.75
Design Load, Wudl

= 22.19 kN/m

= 9.375 kN/m

= 1.4DL + 1.6LL
= 1.4 (22.19) + 1.6 (9.375)
= 46.066 kN/m

Maximum moment (Trial)

Mmax = wL2 / 8 = 46.066 (8.75)2 / 8 = 440.87 kNm
Plastic modulus
Assume the web thickness,T<16mm, py = 275N/

440.87 x 103
Sx =
275

= 1603.16

mm2

cm3

From table properties, try UB 406x178x85

Beam self weight = 85.3 kg/m
D = 417.2mm, B = 181.9mm, t = 10.9mm, T = 18.2 mm, b/T = 5 mm, d/t = 33.1
mm
Sx = 1730

cm 3 , Ix = 31700 x 104

cm 4 , , r = 10.2 mm

New design load = 1.4 (22.19 + 0.853) + 1.6 (9.375) = 47.26 kN/m
Maximun moment and shear (Final)
Mmax = wL2/8 = 47.26 (8.75)2/ 8 = 452.3 kNm
Fmax = wL/2 = 47.26 (8.75) / 2 = 206.76 kN

Design strength and determination of section class

Since T = 18.2mm
=

275
265

40mm,py = 265 N/ mm2

= 1.02

b/T=5 < 9,the flange is plastic (class 1)

d/t =33.1 < 80,the web is plastic (class 1)
Since the flange and web are class 1, the cross section is class 1. Plastic design is
valid for designing this section.
Shear buckling
d/t =33.1 < 70, there is no need check need for shear buckling.
Shear capacity
Pv = 0.6pyAv = 0.6(275)(417.2)(10.9)= 723.05kN
Fv = 206.76kN < Pv shear is adequate
Moment capacity
0.6Pv = 0.6 (723.05) = 433.83 kN
Fv < Pv ; low shear
Mc= pySx = 275(1730x

103 ) = 458.45 kNm

Since Mmax = 452.3kNm < Mc moment is adequate

Deflection check
Live load unfactored = 2.5 x 3.75 = 9.375 kN/m
Ix = 31700 x 104 mm4
4

= 5wiL4 / 348EI =
limit =

5 (9.375)(8950)
384 ( 205 1000 ) 31700 10 4

= 11.01mm

8750
=24.31
360

max <limit (deflection within allowable limit )

Web bearing capacity
Fv < Pbw
b 1= t + T + 0.8r g
* g = 10
Pbw = (b1 + nk)tPyw
= (10.9)+ (18.2) + 0.8(10.2) - 10
K= T + r = 18.2 + 10.2 = 29.1
=27.26
N = 2 + 0.6be / k = 2
Pbw = [27.26 + (2 x 29.1)](10.9)(265 x 10-3) = 246.76 kN
Fv = 206.76 < Pbw , ok bearing stiffener is not needed.
Web buckling check
Fv < Pbw
ae = 27.26/2 = 13.63
0.7d = 0.7 x 417.2 = 292.04 mm > ae

Px =

a+0.7 d
1.4 d

25 t
Pbw
( b 1+nk ) d

13.63+292.04
1.4 x 417.2

25 x 1.02 x 10.9
170.03
( 27.26+2 29.1 ) 417.2

= 190.039 kn
Fv = 206.76 < Pbw, ok bearing stiffener is required

Beam

LOADING AND CALCULATION

3/A-B
4/B-C
4/C-D

Using steel grade 275

Design load
Dead load (DL)
Total dead load on slab
: 24 kN/m3 x 0.15 m
Ceiling
Mechanical and electrical (m & e )
Finishing

Total dead load

=
3.6 kN/m2
2
= 0.25 kN/m
= 0.5 kN/m 2
= 0.5 kN/m 2
---------------4.85 kN/m 2

: ( 4.85 x 3.75 )

= 18.19 kN/m

Live Load (LL)

Office
: 2.5 x 3.75
Design Load, Wudl

= 9.375 kN/m

= 1.4DL + 1.6LL
= 1.4 (18.19) + 1.6 (9.375)
= 40.474 kN/m

Maximum moment (Trial)

Mmax = wL2 / 8 = 40.474 (8.75)2 / 8 = 387.35 kNm
Plastic modulus
Assume the web thickness,T<16mm, py = 275N/

mm

387.35 x 10 3
Sx =
275

= 1408.55

cm3

From table properties, try UB 406x178x74

Beam self weight = 85.3 kg/m
D = 412.8mm, B = 179.5mm, t = 9.5mm, T = 16 mm, b/T = 5.61 mm, d/t = 37.9
mm
Sx = 1500

cm 3 , Ix = 27300 x 104

cm 4 , , r = 10.2 mm

New design load = 1.4 (18.19 + 0.742) + 1.6 (9.375) = 41.51 kN/m
Maximun moment and shear (Final)
Mmax = wL2/8 = 41.51 (8.75)2/ 8 = 397.26 kNm
Fmax = wL/2 = 41.51 (8.75) / 2 = 181.61 kN

Design strength and determination of section class

Since T = 16mm
=

275
27 5

16mm,py = 275 N/ mm2

=1

b/T=5.61 < 9,the flange is plastic (class 1)

d/t =37.9 < 80,the web is plastic (class 1)
Since the flange and web are class 1, the cross section is class 1. Plastic design is
valid for designing this section.
Shear buckling
d/t =37.9 < 70, there is no need check need for shear buckling.
Shear capacity
Pv = 0.6pyAv = 0.6(275)(412.8)(9.5)= 647.064kN
Fv = 181.61kN < Pv shear is adequate
Moment capacity
0.6Pv = 0.6 (647.064) = 388.24 kN
Fv < Pv ; low shear
Mc= pySx = 275(1500x

103 ) = 412.5 kNm

Since Mmax = 397.26kNm < Mc moment is adequate

Deflection check
Live load unfactored = 2.5 x 3.75 = 9.375 kN/m
Ix = 27300 x 104 mm4

5wiL / 348EI =

5 (9.375)(8950)4
384 ( 205 1000 ) 27300 10 4

= 12.79mm

 limit =

8750
=24.31
360

max <limit (deflection within allowable limit )

Web bearing capacity
Fv < Pbw
b 1= t + T + 0.8r g
* g = 10
Pbw = (b1 + nk)tPyw
= (9.5)+ (16) + 0.8(10.2) - 10
K= T + r = 16 + 9.5 = 25.5
=23.66
N = 2 + 0.6be / k = 2
Pbw = [23.66 + (2 x 25.5)](9.5)(275 x 10-3) = 195.05 kN
Fv = 181.61< Pbw , ok bearing stiffener is not needed.
Web buckling check
Fv < Pbw
ae = 23.66/2 = 11.83
0.7d = 0.7 x 412.8 = 288.96 mm > ae
Px =

a+0.7 d
1.4 d

25 t
Pbw
( b 1+nk ) d

11.83 +288.96
1.4 x 412.8

25 x 1 x 9.5
195.05
( 23.6+2 22.5 ) 412.8

= 143.15 kn
Fv = 181.61 > Pbw, bearing stiffener is required

Beam
5/D-E

LOADING AND CALCULATION

Using steel grade 275
Design load
Dead load (DL)
Total dead load on slab
: 24 kN/m3 x 0.15 m
Ceiling
Mechanical and electrical (m & e )
Finishing

Brick wall : 2.5 x 4

=
3.6 kN/m2
2
= 0.25 kN/m
= 0.5 kN/m 2
= 0.5 kN/m 2
---------------4.85 kN/m 2
= 10 kN/m

Total dead load

Live Load (LL)
Kitchen / pantry
Design Load, Wudl

: ( 4.85 x 1.875 ) + 10

= 19.09 kN/m

: 3 x 1.875

= 5.625 kN/m

= 1.4DL + 1.6LL
= 1.4 (19.09) + 1.6 (5.625)
= 35.726 kN/m

Maximum moment (Trial)

Mmax = wL2 / 8 = 35.726 (8.75)2 / 8 = 341.91 kNm
Plastic modulus
Assume the web thickness,T<16mm, py = 275N/

341.91 x 103
Sx =
275

= 1243.31

mm2

cm 3

From table properties, try UB 406x178x67

Beam self weight = 67.1 kg/m
D = 409.4mm, B = 178.8mm, t = 8.8mm, T = 14.3 mm, b/T = 6.25 mm, d/t = 41.0
mm
Sx = 1350

cm 3 , Ix = 24300 x 104

cm 4 , , r = 10.2 mm

New design load = 1.4 (19.09 + 0.671) + 1.6 (5.625) = 36.68 kN/m
Maximun moment and shear (Final)
Mmax = wL2/8 = 36.68 (8.75)2/ 8 = 351.04 kNm
Fmax = wL/2 = 36.68 (8.75) / 2 = 160.48 kN

Design strength and determination of section class

Since T = 8.8mm
=

275
275

16mm,py = 275 N/ mm2

=1

b/T=6.25 < 9,the flange is plastic (class 1)

d/t =41.0 < 80,the web is plastic (class 1)
Since the flange and web are class 1, the cross section is class 1. Plastic design is
valid for designing this section.
Shear buckling
d/t =41.0 < 70, there is no need check need for shear buckling.
Shear capacity

Pv = 0.6pyAv = 0.6(275)(409.4)(8.8)= 594.45kN

Fv = 160.48kN < Pv shear is adequate
Moment capacity
0.6Pv = 0.6 (594.45) = 594.45 kN
Fv < Pv ; low shear
Mc= pySx = 275(1350x

10

) = 371.25 kNm

Since Mmax = 351.04kNm < Mc moment is adequate

Deflection check
Live load unfactored = 3 x 1.875 = 5.625 kN/m
Ix = 24300 x 104 mm4

5wiL4 / 348EI =

limit =

5(5.625)(8950)4
384 ( 205 1000 ) 24 300 104

= 8.62mm

8750
=24.31
360

max <limit (deflection within allowable limit )

Web bearing capacity
Fv < Pbw
b 1= t + T + 0.8r g
* g = 10
Pbw = (b1 + nk)tPyw
= (8.8)+ (14.3) + 0.8(10.2) - 10
K= T + r = 14.3 + 8.8 = 25.5
=21.26
N = 2 + 0.6be / k = 2
Pbw = [21.26 + (2 x 24.2)](8.1)(275 x 10-3) = 155.18 kN
Fv = 160.48 > Pbw , bearing stiffener is needed.
Web buckling check
Fv < Pbw
ae = 21.26/2 = 10.63
0.7d = 0.7 x 409.4 = 286.58 mm > ae
Px =

a+0.7 d
1.4 d

25 t
Pbw
( b 1+nk ) d

10.63+286.58
=
1.4 x 409.4

25 x 1 x 8.8
195.05
( 21.26+ 2 24.2 ) 409.4

= 104.94 kn
Fv = 160.48 > Pbw, bearing stiffener is required

Beam
4/D-E

LOADING AND CALCULATION

Using steel grade 275
Design load
Dead load (DL)
Total dead load on slab
: 24 kN/m3 x 0.15 m
Ceiling
Mechanical and electrical (m & e )
Finishing

=
3.6 kN/m2
2
= 0.25 kN/m
= 0.5 kN/m 2
= 0.5 kN/m 2
---------------4.85 kN/m 2
= 4 kN/m

partition : 1 x 4
Total dead load

: ( 4.85 x 3.75 ) + 4

Live Load (LL)

Kitchen / pantry

= 22.19 kN/m

: 3 x 3.75

Design Load, Wudl

= 10.31 kN/m

= 1.4DL + 1.6LL
= 1.4 (22.19) + 1.6 (10.31)
= 47.562 kN/m

Maximum moment (Trial)

Mmax = wL2 / 8 = 473.562 (8.75)2 / 8 = 455.18 kNm
Plastic modulus
Assume the web thickness,T<16mm, py = 275N/

455.18 1 x 10
Sx =
275

= 1655.2

mm

cm3

From table properties, try UB 406x178x85

Beam self weight = 85.3 kg/m
D = 417.2mm, B = 181.9mm, t = 10.9mm, T = 18.2 mm, b/T = 5 mm, d/t = 33.1
mm
Sx = 130

cm

, Ix = 31700 x 104

cm

, , r = 10.2 mm

New design load = 1.4 (22.19 + 0.853) + 1.6 (10.31) = 48.76 kN/m
Maximun moment and shear (Final)
Mmax = wL2/8 = 48.76 (8.75)2/ 8 = 466.65 kNm
Fmax = wL/2 = 48.76 (8.75) / 2 = 213.33 kN

Design strength and determination of section class

Since T = 18.2
=

275
26 5

40mm,py = 265 N/ mm2

=1

b/T=5 < 9,the flange is plastic (class 1)

d/t =33.1 < 80,the web is plastic (class 1)
Since the flange and web are class 1, the cross section is class 1. Plastic design is
valid for designing this section.
Shear buckling
d/t =33.1 < 70, there is no need check need for shear buckling.
Shear capacity
Pv = 0.6pyAv = 0.6(265)(4417.2)(10.9)= 750.33kN
Fv = 213.33kN < Pv shear is adequate
Moment capacity
0.6Pv = 0.6 (750.33) = 450.2 kN
Fv < Pv ; low shear
Mc= pySx = 265(1730x

103 ) = 475.75 kNm

Since Mmax = 466.65kNm < Mc moment is adequate

Deflection check
Live load unfactored = 3 x 3.75 = 11.25 kN/m
Ix = 31700 x 104 mm4
4

= 5wiL4 / 348EI =
limit =

5(11.25)( 8950)
384 ( 205 1000 ) 317 00 104

8750
=24.31
360

max <limit (deflection within allowable limit )

= 13.21mm

Beam
1/A-B

LOADING AND CALCULATION

Using steel grade 275
Design load
Dead load (DL)
Total dead load on slab
: 24 kN/m3 x 0.15 m
Ceiling
Mechanical and electrical (m & e )
Finishing
Partition

=
3.6 kN/m2
2
= 0.25 kN/m
= 0.5 kN/m 2
= 0.5 kN/m 2
= 1.0 kN/m 2
---------------4.85 kN/m 2
= 10 kN/m

Brick wall : 2.5 x 4

Total dead load
Live Load (LL)
Toilet
Design Load, Wudl

: ( 5.85 x 1.875 )

= 10.97 kN/m

: 2 x 1.875

= 3.75 kN/m

= 1.4DL + 1.6LL
= 1.4 (10 + 10.97) + 1.6 (3.75)
= 35.36 kN/m

Maximum moment (Trial)

Mmax = wL2 / 8 = 35.36 (8.75)2 / 8 = 338.41 kNm
Plastic modulus
Assume the web thickness,T<16mm, py = 275N/

338.1 x 103
Sx =
275

= 1230.58

cm

From table properties, try UB 406x178x67

mm2

Beam self weight = 67.1 kg/m

D = 409.4mm, B = 178.8mm, t = 8.8mm, T = 14.3 mm, b/T = 6.25 mm, d/t = 41.0
mm
Sx = 1350

cm 3 , Ix = 24300 x 104

cm 4 , , r = 10.2 mm

New design load = 1.4 (10 + 10.97 + 0.671) + 1.6 (3.75) = 36.63 kN/m
Maximun moment and shear (Final)
Mmax = wL2/8 = 36.3 (8.75)2/ 8 = 347.40 kNm
Fmax = wL/2 = 36.3 (8.75) / 2 = 158.81 kN

Design strength and determination of section class

Since T = 8.8mm
=

275
275

16mm,py = 275 N/ mm2

=1

b/T=6.25 < 9,the flange is plastic (class 1)

d/t =41.0 < 80,the web is plastic (class 1)
Since the flange and web are class 1, the cross section is class 1. Plastic design is
valid for designing this section.
Shear buckling
d/t =41.0 < 70, there is no need check need for shear buckling.
Shear capacity
Pv = 0.6pyAv = 0.6(275)(409.4)(8.8)= 594.45kN
Fv = 158.81kN < Pv shear is adequate
Moment capacity
0.6Pv = 0.6 (594.45) = 356.67 kN
Fv < Pv ; low shear
Mc= pySx = 275(1350x

10

) = 371.25 kNm

Since Mmax = 347.40kNm < Mc moment is adequate

Deflection check
Live load unfactored = 2.5 x 1.875 = 4.6875 kN/m
Ix = 24300 x 104 mm4

= 5wiL4 / 348EI =
limit =

5 (4.6875)(8950)4
384 ( 205 1000 ) 24300 10 4

8750
=24.31
360

max <limit (deflection within allowable limit )

= 1.53mm

Web bearing capacity

Fv < Pbw
b 1= t + T + 0.8r g
* g = 10
Pbw = (b1 + nk)tPyw
= (8.8)+ (14.3) + 0.8(10.2) - 10
K= T + r = 14.3 + 10.2 = 24.5
=21.26
N = 2 + 0.6be / k = 2
Pbw = [21.26 + (2 x 24.5)](8.1)(275 x 10-3) = 170.03 kN
Fv = 158.81 < Pbw , bearing stiffener is not needed.
Web buckling check
Fv < Pbw
ae = 21.26/2 = 10.63
0.7d = 0.7 x 355 = 248.5 mm > ae
Px =

a+0.7 d
1.4 d

25 t
Pbw
( b 1+nk ) d

10.63+248.5
1.4 x 355

25 x 1 x 7.4
170.03
( 21.2 6+2 24.5 ) 355

= 97.55 kn
Fv = 160.48 > Pbw, bearing stiffener is required

Beam
2/A-B

LOADING AND CALCULATION

Using steel grade 275
Design load
Dead load (DL)
Total dead load on slab
: 24 kN/m3 x 0.15 m
Ceiling
Mechanical and electrical (m & e )
Finishing
Partition

Brick wall : 2.5 x 4

Total dead load
Live Load (LL)
office
Design Load, Wudl

: ( 5.55 x 1.875 )

: 2.5 x 3.75
= 1.4DL + 1.6LL

=
3.6 kN/m2
= 0.25 kN/m 2
= 0.5 kN/m 2
= 0.5 kN/m 2
= 1.0 kN/m 2
---------------4.85 kN/m 2
= 10 kN/m
= 10.41 kN/m

= 8.44 kN/m

= 1.4 (10 + 10.41) + 1.6 (8.44)

= 42.08 kN/m
Maximum moment (Trial)
Mmax = wL2 / 8 = 42.08 (8.75)2 / 8 = 402.72 kNm
Plastic modulus
Assume the web thickness,T<16mm, py = 275N/

402.72 x 103
Sx =
275

= 1464.44

cm

mm2

From table properties, try UB 406x152x74

Beam self weight = 74.2 kg/m
D = 462.0mm, B = 154.5mm, t = 9.6mm, T = 17 mm, b/T = 4.54 mm, d/t = 42.5
mm
Sx = 1630

cm 3 , Ix = 32700 x 104

cm 4 , , r = 10.2 mm

New design load = 1.4 (10 + 1.41 + 0.7) + 1.6 (8.44) = 43.17 kN/m
Maximun moment and shear (Final)
Mmax = wL2/8 = 43.17 (8.75)2/ 8 = 413.15 kNm
Fmax = wL/2 = 43.17 (8.75) / 2 = 188.887 kN

Design strength and determination of section class

Since T = 17mm
=

275
26 5

40mm,py = 265 N/ mm2

= 1.02

b/T=4.54 < 9,the flange is plastic (class 1)

d/t =42.5 < 80,the web is plastic (class 1)
Since the flange and web are class 1, the cross section is class 1. Plastic design is
valid for designing this section.
Shear buckling
d/t =42.5 < 70, there is no need check need for shear buckling.
Shear capacity
Pv = 0.6pyAv = 0.6(265)(462)(9.6)= 705.2kN
Fv = 188.87kN < Pv shear is adequate
Moment capacity
0.6Pv = 0.6 (702.2) = 423.12 kN
Fv < Pv ; low shear
Mc= pySx = 275(1630x

103 ) = 431.95 kNm

Since Mmax = 413.15kNm < Mc moment is adequate

Deflection check
Live load unfactored = 2.5 x 3.75 = 9.375 kN/m
Ix = 32700 x 104 mm4
4

= 5wiL4 / 348EI =
limit =

5 (9.375)(8950)
384 ( 205 1000 ) 327 00 104

= 11.244mm

8750
=24.31
360

max <limit (deflection within allowable limit )

Beam
4/A-B

LOADING AND CALCULATION

Using steel grade 275
Design load
Dead load (DL)
Total dead load on slab
: 24 kN/m3 x 0.15 m
Ceiling
Mechanical and electrical (m & e )
Finishing

=
3.6 kN/m2
= 0.25 kN/m 2
= 0.5 kN/m 2
= 0.5 kN/m 2
----------------

Partition

4.85 kN/m 2
= 4 kN/m

:1x4

Total dead load

: ( 4.85 x 3.75 ) + 4

Live Load (LL)

Stair
Design Load, Wudl

: 3 x 3.75

= 22.19 kN/m

= 11.25 kN/m

= 1.4DL + 1.6LL
= 1.4 (22.19) + 1.6 (11.25)
= 49.01 kN/m

Maximum moment (Trial)

Mmax = wL2 / 8 = 49.01 (8.75)2 / 8 = 469.04 kNm
Plastic modulus
Assume the web thickness,T<16mm, py = 275N/

469.04 x 103
Sx =
275

= 1705.6

mm2

cm3

From table properties, try UB 406x191x82

Beam self weight = 82 kg/m
D = 460mm, B = 155.3mm, t = 9.9mm, T = 16 mm, b/T = 5.98 mm, d/t = 41.2
mm
Sx = 1830

cm 3 , Ix = 2=37100 x 104

cm 4 , , r = 10.2 mm

New design load = 1.4 (22.19 x 0.82) + 1.6 (11.25) = 50.214 kN/m
Maximun moment and shear (Final)
Mmax = wL2/8 = 50.214 (8.75)2/ 8 = 480.56 kNm
Fmax = wL/2 = 50.214(8.75) / 2 = 219.69 kN

Design strength and determination of section class

Since T = 16 mm
=

275
275

16mm,py = 275 N/ mm2

=1

b/T=5.98< 9,the flange is plastic (class 1)

d/t =41.2 < 80,the web is plastic (class 1)
Since the flange and web are class 1, the cross section is class 1. Plastic design is
valid for designing this section.
Shear buckling

d/t =41.2 < 70, there is no need check need for shear buckling.
Shear capacity
Pv = 0.6pyAv = 0.6(275)(460)(9.9)= 724.09kN
Fv = 219.69kN < Pv shear is adequate
Moment capacity
0.6Pv = 0.6 (724.09) = 434.454 kN
Fv < Pv ; low shear
Mc= pySx = 275(1830x

10

) = 484.95 kNm

Since Mmax = 480.56kNm < Mc moment is adequate

Deflection check
Live load unfactored = 3 x 3.75 = 11.25 kN/m
Ix = 37100 x 104 mm4

5wiL4 / 348EI =

limit =

5 (4.6875)(8950)4
384 ( 205 1000 ) 24300 10 4

8750
=24.31
360

max <limit (deflection within allowable limit )

= 1.53mm

Beam
5/A-B

LOADING AND CALCULATION

Using steel grade 275
Design load
Dead load (DL)
Total dead load on slab
: 24 kN/m3 x 0.15 m
Ceiling
Mechanical and electrical (m & e )
Finishing

=
3.6 kN/m2
2
= 0.25 kN/m
= 0.5 kN/m 2
= 0.5 kN/m 2
---------------4.85 kN/m 2
= 4 kN/m

Partition : 1 x 4
Total dead load
Live Load (LL)
Toilet
Design Load, Wudl

: ( 4.85 x 1.875 ) + 4

= 13.09 kN/m

: 3 x 1.875

= 5.625 kN/m

= 1.4DL + 1.6LL
= 1.4 (13.09) + 1.6 (5.625)
= 27.326 kN/m

Maximum moment (Trial)

Mmax = wL2 / 8 = 27.326 (8.75)2 / 8 = 261.52 kNm
Plastic modulus
Assume the web thickness,T<16mm, py = 275N/

261.52 x 103
Sx =
275

= 950.98

mm2

cm 3

From table properties, try UB 356x171x57

Beam self weight = 57.0 kg/m
D = 358.0mm, B = 172.2mm, t = 8.1mm, T = 13 mm, b/T = 6.62 mm, d/t = 38.5
mm
Sx = 1010

cm 3 , Ix = 16000 x 104

cm 4 , , r = 10.2 mm

New design load = 1.4 (13.09 + 0.57) + 1.6 (5.625) = 28.124 kN/m
Maximun moment and shear (Final)
Mmax = wL2/8 = 28.124 (8.75)2/ 8 = 269.16 kNm
Fmax = wL/2 = 28.124 (8.75) / 2 = 123.04 kN

Design strength and determination of section class

Since T = 13mm
=

275
275

16mm,py = 275 N/ mm2

=1

b/T=6.62 < 9,the flange is plastic (class 1)

d/t =38.5 < 80,the web is plastic (class 1)
Since the flange and web are class 1, the cross section is class 1. Plastic design is
valid for designing this section.
Shear buckling
d/t =38.5 < 70, there is no need check need for shear buckling.
Shear capacity
Pv = 0.6pyAv = 0.6(275)(358)(8.1)= 478.48kN
Fv =123.04kN < Pv shear is adequate
Moment capacity
0.6Pv = 0.6 (478.48) = 287.088 kN
Fv < Pv ; low shear
Mc= pySx = 275(1010x

103 ) = 277.75 kNm

Since Mmax = 269.16kNm < Mc moment is adequate

Deflection check
Live load unfactored = 3 x 1.875 = 5.625 kN/m
Ix = 16000 x 104 mm4
4

= 5wiL4 / 348EI =
limit =

5(5.625)( 8950)
384 ( 205 1000 ) 160 00 10 4

= 13.09mm

8750
=24.31
360

max <limit (deflection within allowable limit )

Web bearing capacity
Fv < Pbw
b 1= t + T + 0.8r g
* g = 10
Pbw = (b1 + nk)tPyw
= (8.1)+ (13) + 0.8(10.2) - 10
K= T + r = 13 + 10.2 = 23.2
=19.26
N = 2 + 0.6be / k = 2
Pbw = [19.26 + (2 x 23.2)](8.1)(265 x 10-3) = 140.94 kN
Fv = 123.04 < Pbw , bearing stiffener is not needed.
Web buckling check
Fv < Pbw
ae = 19.26/2 = 9.63
0.7d = 0.7 x 358 = 250.6 mm > ae

Px =

a+0.7 d
1.4 d

9.63+250.6
1.4 x 358

25 t
Pbw
( b 1+nk ) d

25 x 1 x 8.1
140.94
( 19.26+2 23.2 ) 358

= 142.781kn
Fv = 123.04 < Pbw, bearing stiffener is not required

Beam

LOADING AND CALCULATION

D/1-3
C/1-3
C/3-5

Using steel grade 275

Design load
Dead load (DL)
Partition : 1 x 4

= 4 kN/m

Live Load (LL)

Design Load, Wudl

= 1.4DL
= 1.4 (4)
= 5.6 kN/m
Design load from beam 2/C-D, 2/D-E = 41.51 kN/m
Point load acting on the beam = 41.51 x 8.75 = 363.21 kN
Maximum moment (Trial)
Mmax = wL2 / 8 + PL/4 = 5.6 (7.5)2 / 8 + 363.21(7.5) / 4 = 720.4 kNm
Plastic modulus
Assume the web thickness,T<16mm, py = 275N/

720.4 x 103
Sx =
275

= 2619.64

mm

cm3

From table properties, try UB 457x191x133

Beam self weight = 133.3 kg/m
D = 480.6mm, B = 196.7mm, t = 15.3mm, T = 26.3 mm, b/T = 3.74 mm, d/t =
26.6 mm

Sx =3070

cm3 , , r = 10.2 mm

New design load = 1.4 (4 + 1.33) = 7.562 kN/m

Maximun moment and shear (Final)
Mmax = wL2/8 + PL/4 = 7.462 (7.5)2/ 8 + 363.21 (7.5) / 4 = 733.49 kNm
Fmax = wL/2 + P/2 = 7.462 (7.5) / 2 + 363.21 / 2 = 209.59 kN

Design strength and determination of section class

Since T = 26.3mm
=

275
265

40mm,py = 265 N/ mm2

= 1.02

b/T=3.74 < 9,the flange is plastic (class 1)

d/t =26.6 < 80,the web is plastic (class 1)
Since the flange and web are class 1, the cross section is class 1. Plastic design is
valid for designing this section.
Shear buckling
d/t =26.6 < 70, there is no need check need for shear buckling.
Shear capacity
Pv = 0.6pyAv = 0.6(265)(480.6)(15.3)= 1169.2kN
Fv < Pv shear is adequate
Moment capacity
0.6Pv = 0.6 (1169.2) = 701.52 kN
Fv < Pv ; low shear
Mc= pySx = 265(3070x

103 ) = 813.55 kNm

Since Mmax < Mc moment is adequate

AT SUPPORT
Web bearing capacity
Fv < Pbw
b 1= t + T + 0.8r g
* g = 10
Pbw = (b1 + nk)tPyw
= (15.3)+ (26.3) + 0.8(10.2) - 10
K= T + r = 15.3 + 26.3 = 41.
=39.76
N = 2 + 0.6be / k = 2
Pbw = [39.76 + (2 x 41.6)](15.3)(265 x 10-3) = 498.54 kN
Fv = 209.59 < Pbw , bearing stiffener is not needed.
Web buckling check
Fv < Pbw
ae = 39.76/2 = 19.88
0.7d = 0.7 x 480.6 = 336.42 mm > ae

Px =

a+0.7 d
1.4 d

25 t
Pbw
( b 1+nk ) d

919.88+336.42
1.4 x 480.6

25 x 1 .02 x 15.3
498.54
( 39.76+ 2 41.6 ) 480.6

= 425.404kn
Fv < Pbw, bearing stiffener is not required
AT MID SPAN OF BEAM
Web bearing capacity
Fv < Pbw
b 1= t + 1.6r + 2T
Pbw = (b1 + nk)tPyw
= (15.3)+ 1.6 (10.2) + 2(26.3)
K= T + r = 15.3 + 26.3 = 41.6
=84.22
N=5
Pbw = [84.22 + (5 x 41.6)](15.3)(265 x 10-3) = 1184.81 kN
Fv < Pbw , bearing stiffener is not needed.
Web buckling check
Fv < Pbw
Px =

25 t
Pbw
( b 1+nk ) d

25 x 1.02 x 15.3
1184.81
( 84.22+5 41.6 ) 480.6

= 1233kn
Fv < Pbw, bearing stiffener is not required

Beam

LOADING AND CALCULATION

E/1-3

Using steel grade 275

Design load
Dead load (DL)
Brick wall : 2.5 x 4
Live Load (LL)
Design Load, Wudl

= 10 kN/m

= 1.4DL
= 1.4 (10)
= 14 kN/m
Design load from beam 2/D-E = 41.51 kN/m
Point load acting on the beam = 41.51 x 4.375 = 181.61 kN

Maximum moment (Trial)

Mmax = wL2 / 8 + PL/4 = 14 (7.5)2 / 8 + 181.61(7.5) / 4 = 438.96 kNm
Plastic modulus
Assume the web thickness,T<16mm, py = 275N/

438.96 x 103
Sx =
275

= 1596.22

mm2

cm 3

From table properties, try UB 406x178x85

Beam self weight = 85.3 kg/m
D = 417.2mm, B = 181.9mm, t = 10.9mm, T = 18.2 mm, b/T = 5 mm, d/t = 33.1
mm
Sx =1730

cm3 , , r = 10.2 mm

New design load = 1.4 (10 + 0.853) = 15.19 kN/m

Maximun moment and shear (Final)
Mmax = wL2/8 + PL/4 = 15.19 (7.5)2/ 8 + 181.61 (7.5) / 4 = 447.32 kNm
Fmax = wL/2 + P/2 = 15.19 (7.5) / 2 + 181.61 / 2 = 147.77 kN
Design strength and determination of section class
Since T = 18.3mm
=

275
265

40mm,py = 265 N/ mm2

= 1.02

b/T=5 < 9,the flange is plastic (class 1)

d/t =33.1 < 80,the web is plastic (class 1)
Since the flange and web are class 1, the cross section is class 1. Plastic design is
valid for designing this section.
Shear buckling
d/t =33.1 < 70, there is no need check need for shear buckling.
Shear capacity
Pv = 0.6pyAv = 0.6(265)(417.2)(10.9)= 723.05kN
Fv < Pv shear is adequate
Moment capacity
0.6Pv = 0.6 (723.05) = 433.83 kN
Fv < Pv ; low shear
Mc= pySx = 265(1730x

103 ) = 458.45 kNm

Since Mmax < Mc moment is adequate

AT SUPPORT
Web bearing capacity

Fv < Pbw
b 1= t + T + 0.8r g
* g = 10
Pbw = (b1 + nk)tPyw
= (10.9)+ (18.2) + 0.8(10.2) - 10
K= T + r = 18.2 + 10.9 = 29.1
=27.26
N = 2 + 0.6be / k = 2
Pbw = [27.2 + (2 x 29.1)](10.9)(265 x 10-3) = 246.68 kN
Fv = 209.59 < Pbw , bearing stiffener is not needed.
Web buckling check
Fv < Pbw
ae = 27.26/2 = 13.63
0.7d = 0.7 x 417.2 = 292.04 mm > ae

a+0.7 d
1.4 d

Px =

25 t
Pbw
( b 1+nk ) d

13.63+292.04
1.4 x 417.2

25 x 1.02 x 10.9
246.68
( 27.26+2 29.1 ) 417.2

= 189.91kn
Fv < Pbw, bearing stiffener is not required
AT MID SPAN OF BEAM
Web bearing capacity
Fv < Pbw
b 1= t + 1.6r + 2T
Pbw = (b1 + nk)tPyw
= (10.5)+ 1.6 (10.2) + 2(18.9)
K= T + r = 18.2 + 10.9 = 29.1
=84.22
N=5
Pbw = [63.62 + (5 x 29.1)](10.9)(265 x 10-3) = 604.04 kN
Fv < Pbw , bearing stiffener is not needed.
Web buckling check
Fv < Pbw

Px =

25 t
Pbw
( b 1+nk ) d

25 x 1.02 x 10.9
604.04
( 63.62+5 29.1 ) 417.2

= 585.13kn
Fv < Pbw, bearing stiffener is not required

Beam

LOADING AND CALCULATION

B/1-3

Using steel grade 275

Design load

Dead load (DL)

Brick wall
: 2.5 x 4

= 10 kN/m

Live Load (LL)

Design Load, Wudl

= 1.4DL
= 1.4 (10)
= 14 kN/m
Design load from beam 2/A-B = 43.17, 2/B-C = 41.51 kN/m
Point load acting on the beam = (41.51 x 4.375) + (43.17 x 4.375) = 370.48 kN
Maximum moment (Trial)
Mmax = wL2 / 8 + PL/4 = 14 (7.5)2 / 8 + 370.48(7.5) / 4 = 793 kNm
Plastic modulus
Assume the web thickness,T<16mm, py = 275N/

793.09 x 10 3
Sx =
275

= 2883.96

mm

cm3

From table properties, try UB 457x191x133

Beam self weight = 133.3 kg/m
D = 480.6mm, B = 196.7mm, t = 15.3mm, T = 26.3 mm, b/T = 3.74 mm, d/t =
26.6 mm
Sx =3070

cm3 , , r = 10.2 mm

New design load = 1.4 (10 + 1.33) = 15.87 kN/m

Maximun moment and shear (Final)
Mmax = wL2/8 + PL/4 = 15.87 (7.5)2/ 8 + 370.48 (7.5) / 4 = 806.24 kNm
Fmax = wL/2 + P/2 = 15.87 (7.5) / 2 + 370.48 / 2 = 244.75 kN

Design strength and determination of section class

Since T = 26.3mm
=

275
265

40mm,py = 265 N/ mm2

= 1.02

b/T=3.74 < 9,the flange is plastic (class 1)

d/t =26.6 < 80,the web is plastic (class 1)
Since the flange and web are class 1, the cross section is class 1. Plastic design is
valid for designing this section.
Shear buckling
d/t =26.6 < 70, there is no need check need for shear buckling.

Shear capacity
Pv = 0.6pyAv = 0.6(265)(480.6)(15.3)= 1169.2kN
Fv < Pv shear is adequate
Moment capacity
0.6Pv = 0.6 (1169.2) = 701.52 kN
Fv < Pv ; low shear
Mc= pySx = 265(3070x

103 ) = 813.55 kNm

Since Mmax < Mc moment is adequate

AT SUPPORT
Web bearing capacity
Fv < Pbw
b 1= t + T + 0.8r g
* g = 10
Pbw = (b1 + nk)tPyw
= (15.3)+ (26.3) + 0.8(10.2) - 10
K= T + r = 15.3 + 26.3 = 41.6
=39.76
N = 2 + 0.6be / k = 2
Pbw = [39.76 + (2 x 41.6)](15.3)(265 x 10-3) = 498.54 kN
Fv = 244.75 < Pbw , bearing stiffener is not needed.
Web buckling check
Fv < Pbw
ae = 39.76/2 = 19.88
0.7d = 0.7 x 480.6 = 336.42 mm > ae
Px =

a+0.7 d
1.4 d

25 t
Pbw
( b 1+nk ) d

919.88+336.42
1.4 x 480.6

25 x 1.02 x 15.3
498.54
( 39.76+ 2 41.6 ) 480.6

= 425.404kn
Fv < Pbw, bearing stiffener is not required
AT MID SPAN OF BEAM
Web bearing capacity
Fv < Pbw
b 1= t + 1.6r + 2T
Pbw = (b1 + nk)tPyw
= (15.3)+ 1.6 (10.2) + 2(26.3)
K= T + r = 15.3 + 26.3 = 41.6
=84.22
N=5
Pbw = [84.22 + (5 x 41.6)](15.3)(265 x 10-3) = 1184.81 kN
Fv < Pbw , bearing stiffener is not needed.
Web buckling check
Fv < Pbw
Px =

25 t
Pbw
( b 1+nk ) d

25 x 1.02 x 15.3
1184.81
( 84.22+5 41.6 ) 480.6

= 1233kn
Fv < Pbw, bearing stiffener is not required

Beam
A/3-5

LOADING AND CALCULATION

Using steel grade 275
Design load
Dead load (DL)
Brick wall : 2.5 x 4

= 10 kN/m

Live Load (LL)

Design Load, Wudl

= 1.4DL
= 1.4 (10)
= 14 kN/m
Design load from beam 4/A-B = 50.214 kN/m
Point load acting on the beam = 50.214 x 4.375 = 219.69 kN
Maximum moment (Trial)
Mmax = wL2 / 8 + PL/4 = 14 (7.5)2 / 8 + 219.69 (7.5) / 4 = 510.36 kNm
Plastic modulus
Assume the web thickness,T<16mm, py = 275N/
3

510.36 x 10
Sx =
275

= 1855.85

mm

cm3

From table properties, try UB 457x191x89

Beam self weight = 89.3kg/m
D = 417.2mm, B = 191.9mm, t = 10.5mm, T = 17.7 mm, b/T = 5.42 mm, d/t =
38.8 mm
Sx =2010

cm3 , r = 10.2 mm

New design load = 1.4 (10 + 0.893) = 15.25 kN/m

Maximun moment and shear (Final)
Mmax = wL2/8 + PL/4 = 15.25 (7.5)2/ 8 + 219.69 (7.5) / 4 = 519.15 kNm
Fmax = wL/2 + P/2 = 15.25 (7.5) / 2 + 216.69 / 2 = 167.03 kN
Design strength and determination of section class

 40mm,py = 265 N/ mm2

Since T = 18.3mm
=

275
265

= 1.02

b/T=5.42 < 9,the flange is plastic (class 1)

d/t =38.8 < 80,the web is plastic (class 1)
Since the flange and web are class 1, the cross section is class 1. Plastic design is
valid for designing this section.
Shear buckling
d/t =38.8 < 70, there is no need check need for shear buckling.
Shear capacity
Pv = 0.6pyAv = 0.6(265)(463.4)(10.5)= 773.65kN
Fv < Pv shear is adequate
Moment capacity
0.6Pv = 0.6 (773.65) = 464.19 kN
Fv < Pv ; low shear
Mc= pySx = 265(2010x

103 ) = 532.65 kNm

Since Mmax < Mc moment is adequate

AT SUPPORT
Web bearing capacity
Fv < Pbw
b 1= t + T + 0.8r g
* g = 10
Pbw = (b1 + nk)tPyw
= (10.5)+ (17.7) + 0.8(10.2) - 10
K= T + r = 17.7 + 10.2 = 27.9
=26.36
N = 2 + 0.6be / k = 2
Pbw = [26.36 + (2 x 27.9)](10.5)(265 x 10-3) = 228.61 kN
Fv = 167.03 < Pbw , bearing stiffener is not needed.
Web buckling check
Fv < Pbw
ae = 26.36/2 = 13.18
0.7d = 0.7 x 463.4 = 324.38 mm > ae
Px =

a+0.7 d
1.4 d

25 t
Pbw
( b 1+nk ) d

13.8+ 324.38
= 1.4 x 463.4

25 x 1.02 x 10.5
228.61
(27 6.36 +2 27.9 ) 463.4

= 163.41kn
Fv > Pbw, bearing stiffener is required
AT MID SPAN OF BEAM
Web bearing capacity
Fv < Pbw
Pbw = (b1 + nk)tPyw

b 1= t + 1.6r + 2T
= (10.5)+ 1.6 (10.2) + 2(17.7)

K= T + r = 17.7 + 10.2 = 29.7

=62.22
N=5
Pbw = [62.22 + (5 x 27.9)](10.5)(265 x 10-3) = 561.29 kN
Fv < Pbw , bearing stiffener is not needed.
Web buckling check
Fv < Pbw

Px =

25 t
Pbw
( b 1+nk ) d

25 x 1.02 x 10.5
561.29
( 62.62+5 27.9 ) 463.4

= 49.55kn
Fv < Pbw, bearing stiffener is not required

Beam

E/3-5

LOADING AND CALCULATION

Using steel grade 275

Design load
Dead load (DL)
Brick wall : 2.5 x 4

= 10 kN/m

Live Load (LL)

Design Load, Wudl

= 1.4DL
= 1.4 (10)
= 14 kN/m
Design load from beam 4/D-E = 48.76 kN/m
Point load acting on the beam = 48.76 x 4.375 = 213.33 kN
Maximum moment (Trial)
Mmax = wL2 / 8 + PL/4 = 14 (7.5)2 / 8 + 213.33 (7.5) / 4 = 498.43 kNm
Plastic modulus
Assume the web thickness,T<16mm, py = 275N/
3

498.43 x 10
Sx =
275

= 1812.47

cm 3

From table properties, try UB 457x191x89

Beam self weight = 89.3kg/m

mm

D = 417.2mm, B = 191.9mm, t = 10.5mm, T = 17.7 mm, b/T = 5.42 mm, d/t =

38.8 mm
Sx =2010

cm3 , r = 10.2 mm

New design load = 1.4 (10 + 0.893) = 15.25 kN/m

Maximun moment and shear (Final)
Mmax = wL2/8 + PL/4 = 15.25 (7.5)2/ 8 + 213.33 (7.5) / 4 = 507.22 kNm
Fmax = wL/2 + P/2 = 15.25 (7.5) / 2 + 213.33 / 2 = 163.85 kN
Design strength and determination of section class
Since T = 18.3mm
=

275
265

40mm,py = 265 N/ mm2

= 1.02

b/T=5.42 < 9,the flange is plastic (class 1)

d/t =38.8 < 80,the web is plastic (class 1)
Since the flange and web are class 1, the cross section is class 1. Plastic design is
valid for designing this section.
Shear buckling
d/t =38.8 < 70, there is no need check need for shear buckling.
Shear capacity
Pv = 0.6pyAv = 0.6(265)(463.4)(10.5)= 773.65kN
Fv < Pv shear is adequate
Moment capacity
0.6Pv = 0.6 (773.65) = 464.19 kN
Fv < Pv ; low shear
Mc= pySx = 265(2010x

103 ) = 532.65 kNm

Since Mmax < Mc moment is adequate

AT SUPPORT
Web bearing capacity
Fv < Pbw
b 1= t + T + 0.8r g
* g = 10
Pbw = (b1 + nk)tPyw
= (10.5)+ (17.7) + 0.8(10.2) - 10
K= T + r = 17.7 + 10.2 = 27.9
=26.36
N = 2 + 0.6be / k = 2
Pbw = [26.36 + (2 x 27.9)](10.5)(265 x 10-3) = 228.61 kN
Fv = 163.85 < Pbw , bearing stiffener is not needed.
Web buckling check
Fv < Pbw
ae = 26.36/2 = 13.18
0.7d = 0.7 x 463.4 = 324.38 mm > ae

Px =

a+0.7 d
1.4 d

25 t
Pbw
( b 1+nk ) d

13.8+ 324.38
1.4 x 463.4

25 x 1.02 x 10.5
228.61
(276.36+ 2 27.9 ) 463.4

= 163.41kn
Fv > Pbw, bearing stiffener is required
AT MID SPAN OF BEAM
Web bearing capacity
Fv < Pbw
b 1= t + 1.6r + 2T
Pbw = (b1 + nk)tPyw
= (10.5)+ 1.6 (10.2) + 2(17.7)
K= T + r = 17.7 + 10.2 = 29.7
=62.22
N=5
Pbw = [62.22 + (5 x 27.9)](10.5)(265 x 10-3) = 561.29 kN
Fv < Pbw , bearing stiffener is not needed.
Web buckling check
Fv < Pbw
Px =

25 t
Pbw
( b 1+nk ) d

25 x 1.02 x 10.5
561.29
( 62.62+5 27.9 ) 463.4

= 49.55kn
Fv < Pbw, bearing stiffener is not required

BEAM
D/3-5

LOADING AND CALCULATION

Using steel grade 275
Design load
Dead load (DL)
Partition
:1x4
Live Load (LL)
Design Load, Wudl

= 4 kN/m

= 1.4DL
= 1.4 (4)
= 5.6 kN/m
Design load from beam 4/D-E = 48.76, 4/C-D = 41.51 kN/m
Point load acting on the beam = (41.51 x 4.375) + (48.76 x 4.375) = 394.93 kN
Maximum moment (Trial)

Mmax = wL2 / 8 + PL/4 = 5.6 (7.5)2 / 8 + 394.93(7.5) / 4 = 779.87 kNm

Plastic modulus
Assume the web thickness,T<16mm, py = 275N/

779.87 x 103
Sx =
275

= 2942.96

mm2

cm3

From table properties, try UB 457x191x133

Beam self weight = 133.3 kg/m
D = 480.6mm, B = 196.7mm, t = 15.3mm, T = 26.3 mm, b/T = 3.74 mm, d/t =
26.6 mm
Sx =3070

cm3 , , r = 10.2 mm

New design load = 1.4 (4 + 1.33) = 7.47 kN/m

Maximun moment and shear (Final)
Mmax = wL2/8 + PL/4 = 7.47 (7.5)2/ 8 + 394.93 (7.5) / 4 = 793.02 kNm
Fmax = wL/2 + P/2 = 7.47 (7.5) / 2 + 394.93 / 2 = 225.48 kN

Design strength and determination of section class

Since T = 26.3mm
=

275
265

40mm,py = 265 N/ mm2

= 1.02

b/T=3.74 < 9,the flange is plastic (class 1)

d/t =26.6 < 80,the web is plastic (class 1)
Since the flange and web are class 1, the cross section is class 1. Plastic design is
valid for designing this section.
Shear buckling
d/t =26.6 < 70, there is no need check need for shear buckling.
Shear capacity
Pv = 0.6pyAv = 0.6(265)(480.6)(15.3)= 1169.2kN
Fv < Pv shear is adequate
Moment capacity
0.6Pv = 0.6 (1169.2) = 701.52 kN
Fv < Pv ; low shear
Mc= pySx = 265(3070x

10

) = 813.55 kNm

Since Mmax < Mc moment is adequate

AT SUPPORT
Web bearing capacity
Fv < Pbw

b 1= t + T + 0.8r g

* g = 10

Pbw = (b1 + nk)tPyw

= (15.3)+ (26.3) + 0.8(10.2) - 10
K= T + r = 15.3 + 26.3 = 41.6
=39.76
N = 2 + 0.6be / k = 2
Pbw = [39.76 + (2 x 41.6)](15.3)(265 x 10-3) = 498.54 kN
Fv = 225.48 < Pbw , bearing stiffener is not needed.
Web buckling check
Fv < Pbw
ae = 39.76/2 = 19.88
0.7d = 0.7 x 480.6 = 336.42 mm > ae

a+0.7 d
1.4 d

Px =

25 t
Pbw
( b 1+nk ) d

919.88+336.42
=
1.4 x 480.6

25 x 1.02 x 15.3
498.54
( 39.76+ 2 41.6 ) 480.6

= 425.404kn
Fv < Pbw, bearing stiffener is not required
AT MID SPAN OF BEAM
Web bearing capacity
Fv < Pbw
b 1= t + 1.6r + 2T
Pbw = (b1 + nk)tPyw
= (15.3)+ 1.6 (10.2) + 2(26.3)
K= T + r = 15.3 + 26.3 = 41.6
=84.22
N=5
Pbw = [84.22 + (5 x 41.6)](15.3)(265 x 10-3) = 1184.81 kN
Fv < Pbw , bearing stiffener is not needed.
Web buckling check
Fv < Pbw

Px =

25 t
Pbw
( b 1+nk ) d

25 x 1.02 x 15.3
1184.81
( 84.22+5 41.6 ) 480.6

= 1233kn
Fv < Pbw, bearing stiffener is not required

BEAM
A/1-3

LOADING AND CALCULATION

Using steel grade 275
Design load
Dead load (DL)

BRICK WALL

: 2.5 x 4

= 10 kN/m

Live Load (LL)

Design Load, Wudl

= 1.4DL
= 1.4 (10)
= 14 kN/m
Design load from beam 2/A-B = 43.17
Point load acting on the beam = (43.17 x 4.375) = 188.87 kN
Maximum moment (Trial)
Mmax = wL2 / 8 + PL/4 = 14 (7.5)2 / 8 + 188.87(7.5) / 4 = 452.57 kNm
Plastic modulus
Assume the web thickness,T<16mm, py = 275N/
3

452.57 x 10
Sx =
275

= 1645.71

mm

cm3

From table properties, try UB 457x152x82

Beam self weight = 82.1 kg/m
D = 465.8mm, B = 155.3mm, t = 10.5mm, T = 18.9 mm, b/T = 4.11 mm, d/t =
38.8 mm
Sx =1810

cm3 , , r = 10.2 mm

New design load = 1.4 (10 + 0.821) = 15.15 kN/m

Maximun moment and shear (Final)
Mmax = wL2/8 + PL/4 = 15.15 (7.5)2/ 8 + 188.87 (7.5) / 4 = 460.65 kNm
Fmax = wL/2 + P/2 = 15.15 (7.5) / 2 + 188.87 / 2 = 151.25 kN

Design strength and determination of section class

Since T = 26.3mm
=

275
265

40mm,py = 265 N/ mm2

= 1.02

b/T=4.11 < 9,the flange is plastic (class 1)

d/t =38.8 < 80,the web is plastic (class 1)
Since the flange and web are class 1, the cross section is class 1. Plastic design is
valid for designing this section.
Shear buckling
d/t =38.8 < 70, there is no need check need for shear buckling.
Shear capacity
Pv = 0.6pyAv = 0.6(265)(465.8)(10.5)= 777.65kN

Fv < Pv shear is adequate

Moment capacity
0.6Pv = 0.6 (777.65) = 466.59 kN
Fv < Pv ; low shear
Mc= pySx = 265(1810x

103 ) = 479.65 kNm

Since Mmax < Mc moment is adequate

AT SUPPORT
Web bearing capacity
Fv < Pbw
b 1= t + T + 0.8r g
* g = 10
Pbw = (b1 + nk)tPyw
= (10.5)+ (18.9) + 0.8(10.2) - 10
K= T + r = 18.9 + 10.2 = 29.1
=27.56
N = 2 + 0.6be / k = 2
Pbw = [27.56 + (2 x 29.1)](10.5)(265 x 10-3) = 238.63 kN
Fv = 151.25 < Pbw , bearing stiffener is not needed.
Web buckling check
Fv < Pbw
ae = 27.56/2 = 13.78
0.7d = 0.7 x 465.8 = 356.06 mm > ae
Px =

a+0.7 d
1.4 d

25 t
Pbw
( b 1+nk ) d

13.78+356.06
=
1.4 x 465.8

25 x 1.02 x 10.5
238.63
( 27.56+2 29.1 ) 465.8

= 182.27kn
Fv < Pbw, bearing stiffener is not required
AT MID SPAN OF BEAM
Web bearing capacity
Fv < Pbw
b 1= t + 1.6r + 2T
Pbw = (b1 + nk)tPyw
= (10.5)+ 1.6 (10.2) + 2(18.9)
K= T + r = 18.9 + 10.2 = 29.1
=64.62
N=5
Pbw = [64.62 + (5 x 29.1)](10.5)(265 x 10-3) = 584.66 kN
Fv < Pbw , bearing stiffener is not needed.
Web buckling check
Fv < Pbw
Px =

25 t
Pbw
( b 1+nk ) d

25 x 1.02 x 10.5
584.66
( 64.62+5 29.1 ) 465.8

= 500.38kn
Fv < Pbw, bearing stiffener is not required

BEAM
B/3-5

LOADING AND CALCULATION

Using steel grade 275
Design load
Dead load (DL)
BRICK WALL
: 2.5 x 4

= 10 kN/m

Live Load (LL)

Design Load, Wudl

= 1.4DL
= 1.4 (10)
= 14 kN/m
Design load from beam 4/A-B = 50.214, 4/B-C = 41.51
Point load acting on the beam = (50.214 x 4.375) + (41.51 X 4.375) = 401.29 kN
Maximum moment (Trial)
Mmax = wL2 / 8 + PL/4 = 14 (7.5)2 / 8 + 401.29(7.5) / 4 = 850.86 kNm
Plastic modulus
Assume the web thickness,T<16mm, py = 275N/

850.86 x 103
Sx =
275

= 3092.95

cm

mm2

From table properties, try UB 457x19x161

Beam self weight = 161.4 kg/m
D = 492.0mm, B = 199.4mm, t = 18.0mm, T = 32 mm, b/T = 3.12 mm, d/t = 22.6
mm
Sx =3780

cm3

, r = 10.2 mm

New design load = 1.4 (10 + 1.994) = 16.79 kN/m

Maximun moment and shear (Final)
Mmax = wL2/8 + PL/4 = 16.79 (7.5)2/ 8 + 401.29 (7.5) / 4 = 870.47 kNm
Fmax = wL/2 + P/2 = 16.79 (7.5) / 2 + 401.29 / 2 = 263.61 kN

Design strength and determination of section class

Since T = 32mm
=

275
265

40mm,py = 265 N/ mm2

= 1.02

b/T=3.12 < 9,the flange is plastic (class 1)

d/t =22.6 < 80,the web is plastic (class 1)
Since the flange and web are class 1, the cross section is class 1. Plastic design is

valid for designing this section.

Shear buckling
d/t =26.6 < 70, there is no need check need for shear buckling.
Shear capacity
Pv = 0.6pyAv = 0.6(265)(492)(18)= 1408.104kN
Fv < Pv shear is adequate
Moment capacity
0.6Pv = 0.6 (1408.104) = 844.86 kN
Fv < Pv ; low shear
Mc= pySx = 265(3780x

10

) = 1001.7 kNm

Since Mmax < Mc moment is adequate

AT SUPPORT
Web bearing capacity
Fv < Pbw
b 1= t + T + 0.8r g
* g = 10
Pbw = (b1 + nk)tPyw
= (18)+ (32) + 0.8(10.2) - 10
K= T + r = 32 + 10.2 = 42.2
= 48.16
N = 2 + 0.6be / k = 2
Pbw = [48.16 + (2 x 42.2)](18)(265 x 10-3) = 632.31 kN
Fv = 263.61 < Pbw , bearing stiffener is not needed.
Web buckling check
Fv < Pbw
ae = 48.16/2 = 24.08
0.7d = 0.7 x 492 = 344.4 mm > ae
Px =

a+0.7 d
1.4 d

25 t
Pbw
( b 1+nk ) d

24.08+ 344.4
1.4 x 492

25 x 1.02 x 18
632.31
( 48.16+5 42.2 ) 492

= 607.9 KN
Fv < Pbw, bearing stiffener is not required
AT MID SPAN OF BEAM
Web bearing capacity
Fv < Pbw
b 1= t + 1.6r + 2T
Pbw = (b1 + nk)tPyw
= (18)+ 1.6 (10.2) + 2(32)
K= T + r = 32 + 10.2 = 42.2
=90.32
N=5
Pbw = [90.32 + (5 x 42.2)](18)(265 x 10-3) = 1437.3 kN
Fv < Pbw , bearing stiffener is not needed.
Web buckling check
Fv < Pbw

Px =

25 t
Pbw
( b 1+nk ) d

25 x 1.02 x 18
492
( 90.32+5 42.2 ) 492

= 586.52kn
Fv < Pbw, bearing stiffener is not required