8/25/2015

InternalFaultofTransformer|LinkedIn

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MortazaTavana SystemStudyExpertatDaneshmandConsultingEngineers

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InternalFaultofTransformer
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1monthago

AliOstadhashem,JusticeBarnes,IrfanAkhtar,PE,MScEng,BScEng,+12likethis
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IamJohnfromChina.Manufactureoftransformerbushingandotherappliances.Alsothe
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1monthago

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PRamachandran

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Thisistheclassiccaseofinternalwindingbucklingduetotheradial,crushing
forces(consequenttofaultcurrentflow)Sinceallthreephasesareinvolved,itmustbeasevere
3Lfaultonsecondaryterminals.
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1monthago

MuhammadRizwanYaseen
itisLTwindingof220KVorless,itisdelighterdiscwinding.NormallyLTwindingislayer
winding.
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1monthago

arungoel
Itisclearcaseoffaultatjointsofcontinuouslytransposedconductor.Allareburntinonelimb
.AxialcrushingbecauseofLinetolinefaulthappenedcausingradialdeformationandburning.
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1monthago

AntonKoshel
Typicalfailureduetothelossofstabilityoftheinnerwinding(freebucklingissuenotenough
hardnessofthewire).Youcanfindalotofalmostidenticalpicturesinthespecialbooksor
articles,forexample,intheoneoffamousbooksaboutshortcircuitsbyGiorgioBertagnolli.
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1monthago

JinSim,P.E.
YoucombineresponsesbyMr.RamachandranandMr.Koshel,andyouhaveexcellent
descriptionofwhathappenedtothistransformer.What'sabitunusualisthatallthreephases
experiencedsamedamageatthesamelocation.Inormallyseeonephasewithmoreextensive
damagethantheothertwophases.Oneadditionalobservationisthatthephaseontheleft
showdifferenttypesoffailuremode(s)atthebottom.Ifyouhave(andabletosharewiththis
group)recordsofvoltageandcurrentduringthefailureonallthreephases,wemaybeableto
offermoreideas.
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1monthago

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MortazaTavana
Thankstoall...
Pleaseshareyouremailaddressesforsendingrecord
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1monthago

MortazaTavana
Thisfaulthasbeenoccurredduringenergizationofthetransformer(inrushcurrent)andbecause
oflargesecondharmonicindifferentialcurrentofdifferentialrelay(spad346ABB),therelay
hasbeenblockedandfinallythisfaultclearedbybuchholzrelayafterabout700ms.
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1monthago

Gangal,Ajit
NormallythelinesortheBayiskeptgroundedduringtheinstallationoftransformer&other
equipments.Isitthatthegroundingwasnotremovedorifthisisnotthecase,somewhere
awaytherewasadeadshort&grounding?Tomeitlookslikeasevereshortcircuitfailure.
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1monthago

AntonKoshel
HVwasopenedsincethisisenergizing?
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1monthago

PRamachandran
Mortaza,youhavepostedthisattwootherforaalso.Itisbettertoconfinetoonesiteforclarity
andeasinessofresponse.Myresponseisagainstcommentsinallthesethreefora.
Firstofallyouhavetoclearlyanswerthefollowing:
*MVA,Voltageratioandconnections?
*Fromwhichsideenergisedandconnectionsontheotherside.Openorbymistakekept
earthed.?
*Howyoufoundthatthereissecondharmonicsinallthreephases?Wahtaretherelays
providedandtheirgeneralsettings.
A)Themodeoffailureisafreebuckling(thereisanothertypecalledforcedbucklingwhere
conductorswillbuckleinwardsatallspacergaps)ofinnerwinding.Thiscanhappenonlywitha
fullfaultcurrent(severaltimesmorethanrtaedcurrent)inallthreephases.Thedamagewesee
ononephaseisfrominterturnfaultconsequenttothebuckilng.Sothedamagetowindingisnot
frominrushcurrent,butfrompowerfrequencyovercurrents.
B)Whyrelaydidnotoperate?Youhavetocheckthesettings.Letmesharesomeofmy
experiences.Inonecase,transformerwastrippingoutfrequentlyduringswitchingonandthe
blamewasputonthedooroftransformermanufacturer.Finallyitwasfoundoutthatthesecond
harmonicrestrainingfeatureintherelaywasindisabledmode,sothattherelaywas
consideringtheinrushcurrentasfaultcurrentandreadilytrippingout.Inanothercase,whena
largetransformerwasenergisedthedifferentialdidnottripandtransformerwasisolatedafter
severalmsbyBuchholzrelaylikeinthiscase.Theproblemwastherelaywassetsuchthatit
willnotoperatewhenthereissecondharmonicsincurrentofanyphase.Inthiscase,therewas
aninterturnfaultinonephaseandsofaultcurrentwithoutsecondharmonicsflowedinthe
faultyphasewhileothertwophaseshadsecondharmonicsduetoinrushexcitationcurrent.So
therelaysleptcausingseverewindingdamageinsidetillBuchholztookover.
C)Whythistypeofdamagemodeinwinding?Thishasnothingtodowithsupportingstrips
providedonoutsideorinsidewindingorevensupportfromcore.Forcedbucklingisdueto
inadequacyofhardness(therebystiffenessofwinding)ofconductor.Freebucklingisbit
complicated,aresultofseveralfactors.Theideaofselfsupportingwindingdesign(iewinding
shouldbeabletowithstandinwardbuckilngforceswithoutanyspportfromcore)was
developedbyGEinearly1970's(specificallybyWilliamJMcNuttgreattransformerengineer
wasleadingretiredlifeinBerkshire,PittsfieldwhenIcheckedsometimebackthrougha
commonfriend)andthisbecameanindustrystandard/utilityspecificationrequirementinmany
countries.
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1monthago

SheshadriKrishnapura
AverygoodillustrationMr.Ramachandran.Ihavealsoseenthatthesecondharmonicrestraint
featureinthedifferentialrelayissometimesnottestedduringrelayroutinetestingandplaysa
keyroleintheeffectsthatfollow.Kindlythrowsomemorelightonthebucklingthattakesplace
underfaultconditionsandthewayittranslatesintoelectrically.
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1monthago

PRamachandran
Thebucklinghappensduringthefirstcycleofthefaultcurrentasthenisthemaximum

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InternalFaultofTransformer|LinkedIn
assymetricalpeak.ofcurrent.Asforceisproportionaltosquareofcurrent,itwillnotbeaffected
bythedurationoffaultcurrentascurrentwillbedrasticallycomingdowntosymmetrical
value,alsoreducingduetovoltageregulation.Thebucklingtearofftheconductorinsulation
shortingconductorsandcreatingainterturnfaultinmostcases.Effectofaninterturn(orarcoss
someturns)faultisflowofcurrentintheloop,limitedbywindingresistanceoflooponly.To
compensatethisampereturnsinloop,acurrentisdrawnfromthelineendofwinding.Thusan
autotrfconnectionisformedwithheavycurrentflowinsecondary(ieshortedloop)Thiscurrent
canbesoheavyastomelttheconductor.Theextentofdamageincreaseswiththedurationof
faultflow.
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29daysago

BrunoCosandey
quote@JinSim:"What'sabitunusualisthatallthreephasesexperiencedsamedamageatthe
samelocation"
IfIunderstoodright,theinitialcurrentflowduringfirstpartofenergizingwasthereasonofthe
bucklingonalltreewindings.Hereismyquestion:
a)
Isupposethatthephotowastakenafterremovingsecondarywindingsplusthespacerbetween
primaryandsecondarywindings.Isthisso?
thenIwouldmakeapresumption:
Coulditbethatthespacer(forcoolingflowbtwprimaryandsecondarywindings)hasagap,for
all3phasesonthesameposition?Thatcouldbeareasonwhythebucklingwasmade
strangelyattheverysameclockposition.
Formethereisnophysical/electricalreasonthatbucklingforceswillaplyina'sowell
organized'mannerasseenonthephoto.

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5daysago

PRamachandran
Thistypeoffreebucklingininnerwindingisseenwithdesignsofselfsupportedwindingswhere
radialsupportisnotusedforgettingwithstandstrength.Theforcecausingthisbuckilingisnot
betweenprimaryandsecondary,butbetweenprimaryandcore,towardscore.Thiscanbefrom
lackoftightnessduringmakingofwinding,individualstiffenessanddimensionsofconductor
etc.Usuallythistypeofbucklingfromstructuralinstabilityrunthroughouttheaxialheightof
winding.
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4daysago

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