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Theelectricpotential(V)atagivenpointistheelectricpotentialenergyofasmalltest
chargeq0situatedatthatpointdividedbythechargeitself V=EPE/q0
Thiscanrelatetheworkdonebytheelectricforcewhenachargeq0movesfrompointA
topointB.VBVA=WAB/q0.
Apositivechargeacceleratesfromaregionofhigherelectricfieldpotentialtowarda
regionoflowerfieldpotential.
Oneelectronvoltisthemagnitudeoftheamountbywhichthepotentialenergyofan
electronchangeswhentheelectronmovesthroughapotentialdifferenceofonevolt.
1eV=1.6x1019J.
VBVA=WAB/q0=kq/rBkq/rA.Whenchargeisbroughtfromaninfiniteseparationthe
equationsimplifiestoV=kq/r
Whentwoormorechargesarepresent,thepotentialduetoallchargesisobtainedby
addingtogethertheindividualpotentials.
Anequipotentialsurfaceisasurfaceonwhichtheelectricpotentialisthesame
everywhere.
Thenetelectricforcedoesnoworkasachargemovesonanequipotentialsurface.This
isbecausedeltaV=0.
Theelectricfieldcreatedbyanychargeiseverywhereperpendiculartotheassociated
equipotentialsurfacesandpointsinthedirectionofdecreasingpotential.
E=(deltaV)/(deltaS)forparallelplatecapacitors.Thisholdsbecausetheelectricfield
isuniforminparallelplatecapacitors.
Acapacitorconsistsoftwoconductorsofanyshapeplacednearwithouttouching.
Themagnitudeofthechargeoneachplateofacapacitorisdirectlyproportionaltothe
magnitudeVofthepotentialdifferenceq=CV.
Capacitanceistheabilityoftheplatestostorecharge.
Whenplacingadielectricbetweenplatesthereisareductionoftheelectricfield.
K=E0/E.Kdependsonthenatureofthedielectric.
C=(kepsilon0A)/d
Whenthecapacitorstoreschargeitalsostoresenergy.E=1/2C(V2)
EnergydensityistheenergystoredbetweentheplatesEnergydensity=1/2k(epsilon0)E2
Whenacapacitorisconnectedtoabatteryandadielectricisaddedthechargechanges
andtheVoltageremainsconstant.
WhenacapacitorisdisconnectedfromabatterytheVoltagechangesandthecharge
remainsconstant.
7.Twoparallelhorizontalplatesarespaced0.40cmapartinair.Youintroduceanoil
dropletofmass4.91017kgbetweentheplates.Ifthedropletcarriestwoelectronic
chargesandiftherewerenoairbuoyancy,youcouldholdthedropletmotionless
betweentheplatesifyoukeptthepotentialdifferencebetweenthemat
A)3.0V
B)0.12kV
C)6.0V
D)60V
E)12V
16.A5.5108Cchargeisfixedattheorigin.A2.3108Cchargeismovedfromx=
3.5cmonthexaxistoy=3.5cmontheyaxis.Thechangeinpotentialenergyofthe
twochargesystemis:
A)3.2104J
B)3.2104J
C)9.3103J
D)9.3103J
E)0