ROAD MAINTENANCE

Road maintenance means all the work involved for the purpose of maintaining the state of the
road (the extent possible) as the condition it was in terms of geometric characteristics and also
the power structure.
Definition of road maintenance

To reduce damage.
To reduce the operating costs of vehicles using the roads is to provide a good surface.
To provide comfort as well as ensure the safety of all road users.

objective Maintenance

Identify damage by doing continuous monitoring and evaluation of the quality of the
road test.
Ensure the road is always clean, comfortable and safe.
Limit the deterioration process by engaging in road repairs and protection steps.
Design extends the life span of the road.

The purpose of this highway maintenance:

Controlling the rate of damage.

Ensure that services are not under the street level to encrypt the public.
Reduce the cost of repairing the vehicle caused damage to public roads.
Reduce excessive maintenance costs - minor damage early maintained.
Maintenance should be done to avoid the damage if the pavement reduced fuel source,
this will cause problems for the construction of a new boulevard.
which includes the operations carried out to maintain the pavement, shoulders,
reclaimed, cut, drainage systems and all street furniture to its original condition. These
include:
resurfacing walking & repair eyelet.
Maintenance shoulders and cuts grass.
Repair and stabilize the embankment and cut.
Cleaning, repairing and reconstruction of culverts, bridges and drainage if necessary.
Maintain the street furniture such signs, road marking, etc. (Not including the
widening and strengthening of roads)
Lane road pavement, road environment Structure (drainage, landscaping and slopes),
Structure walkways, road structures (bridges, tunnels, retaining walls), street furniture
(light walking, traffic lights, billboards).

Features of Road Management System that either:

Management organization who steadily.

Planning & tidy work schedule.
skilled and experienced workforce.
Tools & equipment working efficiently and effectively.
Certain standards of quality monitoring work.
Financial provisions shall suffice.

Objective Quality Assessment of Road and Highway.

To determine the level of service level of a road.

Identify the level and type of road damage and subsequent repair can determine the
appropriate method.
Whether the objectives of the assessment procedure done @ subjective.

Categorize types of Highway Maintenance in Malaysia

(Present/routine maintenance)

Maintenance work which has been designated, should be implemented within a given
period.
Involving the planning and provision of financial futures.
Works like roads and drainage cleaning, cutting grass, landscape maintenance.
Enforcement walking appoint term contract @ employs a team of workers to perform
the work.

(Periodic maintenance)

Maintenance work is carried out on a regular basis @ periodically.

Involves the monitoring, measurement and evaluation component-component road.
Including repair work is such periodic repainting furniture, pavement walking back,
cut and paste the walking surface that cracks, etc.

(Emergency maintenance)

Proceedings involving damage can not be expected @ out of control but gave trouble
@ endanger road users.
Need urgent maintenance which can not be postponed.
Disasters like floods, landslides, storms and traffic accidents.

The duties carried out by the road maintenance management:

Penyediaan inventori/ inventory prepareration.

Pemeriksaan kerosakan / damaged inspection.
Penentuan keperluan & penyenggaraan./ determination of the need of maintenance.
Penganggaran kos & sumber utk melaksanakan kerja / cost estimation and sourcesto
execute work .
Pengenalpastian keutamaan / identify priority.
Penyediaan jadual & program kerja / preparation of work schedule.
Pemantauan (monitoring).

inventory prepareration:
record @ checklist items @ materials under an organization that needs to be controlled
and maintained in order to be in good condition.
For the purposes of road inventory, all the components of the road should be recorded,
along with the design and maintenance schedule to keep in good condition.
Road information such as street name, street width, length, location information is
contained in the inventory.
damaged inspection:
Guided by reference inventory, inspection and evaluation of the quality of the road
undertaken by officials appointed @ technicians road.
The examination was conducted on a regular basis @ periodically.
determination of the need of maintenance:
Based on inspection reports of damage, the proposed maintenance requirements will
be determined depending on the level and type of damage.
Regular comprises some damage.
Determination taking into consideration cost, time, level of needs, the extent of
damage and long term planning.
cost estimation and sourcesto execute work :
Maintenance cost and resources such as raw materials, labor, equipment & machinery.
The initial resource estimate of costs and maintenance work done to ensure the smooth
and efficient.

identify priority:

 Priority is given to proposals for maintenance work on cost and resource efficient.
Preferred interests bg achieve current short-term objectives by taking into account
long-term planning.
Take into account the existing financial provisions.
preparation of work schedule:
After approval of the provision, implementation planning work will be drafted.
If it involves a third party, tender & contract management implemented.
Appointed party will perform the work in accordance with the schedule of programs
have been prepared.
Implementation & Monitoring:

Performing work according to plan.

Monitoring the quality of work.
Test quality and specifications.
Make sure they work well and meet the job specification.

MAINTENANCE TECHNIQUE FOR FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT

i.Reification (temporary maintenance).
ii. Surface dressing/ make up.
iii. resurfacingiv.Recycling.
v.Reconstruction.
Reification (temporary maintenance)
Closing cracks (crack sealing)
-Closing the cracks in the pavement and protect against the entry of water walking track.
-Do the cleaning and filling the cracks with a mixture of slurry (slurrymixture) @ bitumen
and sand cover.
-This treatment extends the period before fully repair work carried out.
Patch (patching)
- Replacing damaged surface with bitumen bituminous mixture to maintain the surface.
- Material well-used: asfal hot mix and cold mix asfal.
Thin bituminous overlay (thin bituminous overlay)
- Improve the quality of driving and prolong the service life of the pavement.
-Periodic maintenance to seal in the road surface, closing the small depressions @ strengthens
the pavement.
Thin hot mix (thin hot mix)
-.1 less thick layer of 40 mm to improve the surface but do not contribute to the enhancement
of strength.

Binder spraying technique with rock fragments (stone chippings)

-Miles of single size aggregate sown @ laid on top of a thin layer of bitumen sprayed on the
-surface of the existing road @ the top layer of the newly constructed road sites.
- Bitumen preheated to a certain temperature depending on the type of bitumen (80/100
penetration grade, cut-back RC-3, Road-tar RT-2, emulsions)
- Objective: To improve the properties of the pavement.
Repair technique most popular in Malaysia.

-The new surface layer overlay on the original surface for increased structural strength and
tenure.
-2 of technique used: asfal thick overlay with pre-squeezing @ without pre-squeezing
granular materials.
i. Without pre-squeezing granular materials.
- To repair the pavement failure.
.- Pre-treatment should be carried out in areas that have failed before resurfacing performed.
ii. With pre-squeezing granular materials
- Construction of the first layer of crushed aggregate in the existing pavement before work
bituminous overlay layer.
- The pre-squeezing avoid pre-treatment requirements.
ResurfacingA2 class by premix
-This is done due to the high traffic flow (approximately 1000 pcu/hr of traffic perday).
-Roads under A2 class must be resurfaced from time to time.
-Before any resurfacing of road is being carried out, several important criteriashould be
considered , namely: Proper drainage system.
Culvert line is not clog.
Side drain must be cleaned with sufficient design gradient.
Stabilize roadshoulder with its sufficient design gradient.
Precaution signage and safety divider must be provided.
All kind of machineries such as Road Premix Vehicle, steam roller vehicle, atanker and
bitumen emulsion binder must be at the wok site.
Premix substances at plant provider must be ready and all means of transportation to
transport workers are also necessary.

-During the resurfacing of the road , heat or temperature control is a stringentstep. Since
premix is a hot substance ,all processes involved such as transporting,premixing and rolling

,should be carried out instantly before its temperature drop.Before premixing is done, the
substances temperature should not be under 1350 C( 2750 F ). While during premixing, it is
not wise to resurfacing the road underhumid surface or during raining day.
-Standard BS 1621 bitumen macadam premix is seldom used by JKR. While premixquarries
is becoming less in usage compared to Asphalt Concrete Premix . This isbecause it is ,
stronger and lasting.

Recycling
- The original materials reused for increasing the capacity and improving etching (traveling),
melt and slip resistance.
- Type of recycling:
i. Recycling heat (hot recycling) - Repair cracked surface (defective parts only).
- The road is still strong and damage only occurs at the surface layer only.
- The heat is used to soften the surface. The new material is mixed with recycled materials.
ii. Recycling cold (cold recycling)
- Cut @ grinding (mill) surface cracks and reuse of materials as a surface layer by adding a
stabilizing agent, rejuvenation (rejuvenator) @ bitumen.
iii. Recycling site (base recycling)
- Tread damaged roads.
- Reuse existing surface layer as the site of the road, plus stabilizer.
-Increasing the thickness of the pavement and provide additional structural strength to the
pavement.

failed due to tread the path of the road / subgrade experienced plastic state. The main causes:

Sub-surface drainage is not enough.

Removal and reconstruction (including subgrade) @ part of the pavement using a
sump n & new construction specifications.
The usual method:

i. Cold mix recycling with the overlay.

ii. Hot mix recycling with the overlay.
iii. Sub-surface drainage repairs.
Reconstruction
-Removal and rebuilding of all or part of pavement using new material andconstruction
specification
-Reconstruction can be categorized into two:

-Full reconstruction is needed when all pavement layers including subgrade

havedeteriorated beyond repair.
-Partial reconstruction is needed when pavement layer (except subgrade) have lost their
stability and strength.-If the failure of the road base is too expensive, recycling of the
surfacing and partof the road base usually carried out.-In some cases, the failure may be due
to insufficient subsurface drainage. If this isthe case additional or reconstruction of subsurface
drains may be required.

-Thank you-