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1-Brief Introduction.
Burao is the regional capital of Togdher and the second largest city in Somaliland. Burao
was and, still is, a major LS trade centre or route in the region and services many pastoral
communities and LS producers, Pastoralists, in various eastern regions. Due to this long
standing relations and connections with rural pastoralists, Burao is attracting many
failing/former pastoralists and rural communities. As well as many struggling and least
well of pastoral families who rear small LS not far from the city, and few LS husbandry
activities.
2-Context
The following problems are already in effect or expected to take a tighter grip on
the target community in the near future if situation is not addressed:
3. Interventions
3.1 Objectives
Main goal
The overall goal of the project is to tackle and address lack of skilled farm
production workers, fodder shortages and high jobless rates in the region
(Togdher), youths in particular.
Specific objectives
• Develop and create practical/vocational training scheme and employment
opportunities respectively for local SH in Burao.
• Provide fodder and farm production placements/attachments and technical
support services to local farms and producers such as Maandeeq
livestock farm (MLF) and two others in Burao
• Help with relevant and appropriate farming equipment and assistance
• Improve present local producers’ capacity, knowledge, know-how, skills
and ability to further develop and expand AFR production in future.
• Improve health condition of Livestock/Animals and reduce vulnerability to
diseases due to lack of nutrition through provision of adequate AFR
availability.
The project will and intent to deploy two parallel components or approaches to ensure
local availability and increased production of relevant affordable feed and mineral
resources for LS and local SH in the region.
3.2.1-The program will support and engage present local farms and animal feed
producers in and around Burao, selected three in particular, through the provision of
Farming Production Expert, trainee attachments and appropriate technical production
inputs.
3.2.2-The program will recruit potential production trainees and place them with targeted
three local farms/producers. As well as farming production professional to support and
assist field production and practical training/learning activities.
3.2.3-The program will also engage all relevant local SH, both private and public sectors,
to support and invest in training and employment schemes and programs. This is
particularly important to secure employment for program trainees
In return for program support and attachments, local partners or selected producers will
be required/expected and encourage them to
i) Formalize and improve their present informal farm production records and operations.
ii) Strengthen farm/field management and planning structures to secure and absorb
external support and assistance, development or otherwise.
iii) Respect and value better employment policies, terms and conditions to retain/attract
skilled and quality workforce in order to increase farm productivity and outputs.
iv) Put in place meaningful scheme/programs to support and assist vulnerable poor local
SH in times of need and during stress or emergency periods, pastoral livestock producers
in particular.
CLASS will sign a MOU with all local farms/producers. The following are
highlights of the implementation procedure:
The project will start its core activities with preparation of contract agreements
and Memoranda of Understanding with all local farmers or producers.
Project main target sites or fodder/fruit producers (3) are located out skirts of
Burao, around 5-7 Kilometers. As well as resource and study support centre in
down town Burao.
1. Program Developer (PD) The PD will guide and oversee the entire AFR
production training/attachments activities with support from the Resources
and Admin. Officer (RAO). PD will develop practical or applicable farming
and AFR production training scheme for local youths and SH. Give expert
guidance/advice to all relevant local SH, particularly AFR producers and
trainees. Monitor the progress of the project and record its impact on local
farming production and workforce.
2. Resource and Admin Officer (RAO): The RAO will be charged with the
responsibility of documenting all payments incurred during the project.
Preparation of financial supports services, contracts and procurement of
all project items/equipment. The PA will also ensure that the centre is well
resourced and costs match allocated budget lines.
3. Farm Production Teacher/Trainer (FPT): The FPT will develop relevant
and appropriate practical and theory training sessions on both the field
and resource centre. PFT will closely liaise with PD and local
producers/hosts.
4. Centre Security/Service Officer (CSO): CSO will be in charge of securing
and servicing resource centre at all times. CSO will ensure safe keeping
of all property belonging to the centre and CLASS.
4.2 Calendars and Action Plan
The project will start as soon as the funds are made available or approved, and
will run for two year.
Year-1
Year-2
-Fourth patch of
trainee placements
-Review report
-Job hunting support
-Fifth patch of trainee
placements
-review report
-Job hunting support
-Sixth patch of trainee
Placements
-End of year report
-Financial and SG R.
5. Monitoring
Increased local
AFR production
Availability of AFR
in dry seasons for
Know-how and
skills transfer in
farm and AFR
production
Result Two: Improved availability and accessibility of farm produces and AFR
feed at household level in the region
Monitoring indicator:
• Number of households receiving/accessing cheaper feed resources in the
identified neighbourhoods and pastoral areas in Burao/Togdher
The PD will conduct random field visits to the project area/s to monitor and
assess the project implementation. Farms and trainees will be required to record
and log all day-to-day activities using the following forms:
Service Delivery Form: This form will collect basic information from the
beneficiary communities and projects, including name, location, type of
assistance/inputs received. The Coordinator and SG will conduct random checks,
manageable number, to verify information in these forms.
Activity Log Sheets: These forms will be filled by local producers to record all
activities carried out by trainees and program staff during field attachments and
attachment respectively...
LOG IN/OUT BOOK/Register: All project staff must log in and out time started
and finished work every day either in person or contacting PD/Office staff.
The College of Animal Science (CAS) was recognized as the main VET body in
Somaliland and already produced 23 AH Graduates in 2009, and few other lots in
the pipeline. CAS is currently in the process of setting up a Husbandry Course as
well. CAS had also implemented a tree planting project with German Agro (GA)
and currently developing AH and AFR production programs with few local
organisations, MLF and CLASS in particular. In all programs there are three
significant elements to such activities:
a)Supporting and assisting the development of local livestock rearing and feed
production groups in partnership with relevant regional SH, local or otherwise.
Since 2005, CAS has also carried out various livestock promotion and advocacy
activities with livestock/pastoral lobby forums/groups. This complements UB work
as it has a key role in sustaining and maintaining pastoral LS sector/producers
and SH in the longer term.
Unlike most organisations in Togdher, both these local SH are tackling and
addressing core LS and Pastoral needs and issues. MLF heavily invested in
Camel rearing/milk production activities and this is the only group which
succeeded in producing various LS feed resources in the region despite the local
problems/odds against such projects and without external support/assistance.
CLASS was established to tackle and address lack of basic LS services in the
region and help local LS SH. Since May, CLASS managed the following:
-Facilitated MLF free watering scheme for tenths of pastoral HH and thousands
of livestock. Saved lives and livelihood assets of poor pastoralists
-Engaged and encouraged many local groups and organisations
-Conducted baseline and field LS and related surveys and studies in Burao
neighbourhoods and Kabadhere area.
-Developed quality and appropriate program proposals based on survey findings
and local needs
-Presented surveys and proposals to relevant regional, development and
authority institutions.
-Conducted lobby campaigns to pressure key ministers and officials in Hargeisa.
-Managed to convince and influence both CAS and UB management to take a
lead role in supporting and pushing developed proposals.
-Willingness to develop and create basic LS service and generate sustainable
businesses for vulnerable local families and HH in Burao
-CLASS facilitated practical field training sessions for CAS students on AH,
nutrition and feed related activities.
-Unlike other local ngos, CLASS deployed practical strategies and adopted
transparent approach in managing programs/activities which convinced CAS to
joint forces.
7. Budget:
3. Running+Administration costs
3.1 Communication - email/phone/fax 300 12 3,600 1.03 3,708 7,308
3.2-Office rent 500 1 12 6,000 1.03 6,180 12,180
3.3-Stationary 300 12 3,600 1.03 3,708 7,308
3.4 Managing committee/s costs 3,000 2 6,000 1.03 6,180 12,180
3.5-Training Materials/Rresources 100 1 12 1,200 1.03 1,236 2,436
Sub-total agency administration 20,400 21,012 41,412
4. Transport & storage costs
Abstract
Livestock production situation and feed resources availability in pastoral and semi-
pastoral production system of Burao surrounding areas, Kabadhere in particular, were
surveyed (assessed) based on field visits/observations and interview of selected
households as well as group discussions with pastoralists. A semi-structured
questionnaire was used for interviewing 30 randomly selected pastoralists. Informal
discussions were also held with a group of pastoralists in the area assessed as well as with
the development agents working in the localities. The collected data were analyzed using
descriptive statistics.
The survey showed that numerically goats are the most important species followed by
sheep, camels and sheep. The main feed resources of the area are natural pastures
(herbaceous vegetation composed mainly of forbs and browses such as shrubs, tree
leaves(acacia) and pods), which show marked seasonal variation in availability and
quality based on variability of rainfall distribution. Productivity of animals in terms of
milk production, growth rate and reproductive performance is generally low. Crop
production is not practiced as a means of economic diversification because of harsh
environment, unreliable rainfall and frequent drought. Thus, livestock (LS) production
remains to be the main means of livelihood. Hence, more emphasis should be given to
improving livestock productivity, local feed production/availability, relevant support
services and management of the pasture/gracing lands. Efforts to reverse or at least halt
the advancement of land grapping/enclosures and exploitation by urbanites should be
encouraged and strengthened.
Introduction:
The feed resource base and disease challenge determine the animal production system of
the area.
The arid and semi-arid lowlands are characterized by high spatial and temporal variability
in rainfall distribution and pattern. Although there are general rainy and dry seasons, the
rains may start at different times in different years, increasing irregularity and distorting
the normal pattern. Chances for prolonged dry spells at the end of the dry season and the
beginning of the rainy season are very high. In such conditions meaningful crop
production cannot be attained in rain-fed agriculture and extensive livestock production
appears to be a better means of exploiting the grazing and browse resources in the arid
and semi-arid lands. The semi-arid rangelands of Togdher support the livestock that are
highly valuable to the nation as direct sources of consumption for the pastoral and semi-
pastoral population, as sources of cash income and foreign currency for the nation and for
provision of draught power for small-holders in the highlands. However, extended dry
season and drought very often result in critical decline in quantity and quality of feed and
shortage of water leading to decreased productivity and increased mortality of animals.
During severe drought the whole herd may be decimated.
This study was carried out in Kabadhere area of Burao district in Togdher, Somaliland.
The area is characterized by semi-arid lands with many land enclosures. The semi-arid
lands are predominantly occupied by pastoral and semi-sedentary pastoral population
whose livelihood is mainly dependent on range livestock production. They mainly consist
of small and least well off pastoral households.
The area receives bimodal rainfall distribution. The main rainy season (GU) extends from
March to May whereas the short rainy season (Deyr) lasts from October to November
followed by the long dry season (Xagaa). However, the actual length of the rainy season
is getting shorter and shorter through time and the area is prone to more frequent drought
for some years (4) now. Variable rainfall results in greater variability in forage
productivity. Seasonal distribution of rainfall is more important than the annual total
rainfall in influencing forage production from rangelands. Years of high rainfall produce
surplus forage, whereas below average years result in deficits. Livestock losses are
expected during years of below average rainfall when forage productivity declines. This
is the situation at present and past few years.
Survey methodology
The survey/assessment was carried out in 20-30 September 2009 and it was based on
field visits and interview of selected households and group discussions with the
pastoralists (including different age groups). A semi-structured questionnaire was
prepared and used for interviewing randomly selected pastoralists using MLF pastoral
services, free watering scheme for both human and LS since 2005. A total of 30
pastoralists were interviewed. During the assessment discussions were held with pertinent
experts and other local SH. In addition to the structured questionnaire, informal
discussions were held with a group of pastoralists in the area assessed and with MLF
officials/others. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The
following were the main focal points in the assessment.
Livestock production
Table 1 shows the livestock holding of the interviewed households. Numerically Goats
are the most important species followed by sheep and camels.
The main priority needs, issues and concerns of survey participants (pastoral HH) are as
follows.
Finally, CLASS would like to thank all survey participants and Maandeeq Livestock farm
(MLF) which facilitated and allowed the survey to take place. CLASS would also like to
thank all local SH who contributed and took part in this survey/assessment, particularly
MLF staff and Burao University’s VET faculty/officials.