Exam III Review Sheet

Chapter 31 Fungi

Know the characteristics that set the Fungi apart from other kingdoms.
Know the type of nutrition exhibited by all fungi.
Know the general growth form exhibited by fungi and the terms used to describe variations of
this growth form.
o hyphae, mycelium, fruiting body, aseptate, septate
Know the 2 types of symbiotic relationships exhibited by Fungi and what organisms are
involved.
o Lichens
o Micorrhizae
Types of micorrhizae
Know the scientific and common names of each of the 5 phyla.
o Remember that for the Chytridiomycota and Glomeromycota, the info you need to
know is just the unique charateristics. Not life cycles.
I want you to know the sexual life cycles associated with the Zygomycota, Ascomycota and
Basidiomycota. Make sure you know the name of the spore producing structures and whether
the hyphae or spores are haploid (monokaryotic), diploid, or dikaryotic.
o Be able to draw or label in detail drawings similar to what we went over in class.
Make sure you are familiar with which group can also undergo asexual reproduction and the
terms associated with this process.
o Structures and spores
Be sure you know what is referred to as plasmogamy and karyogamy associated with these life
cycles

Plants
Chapter 29

Know what characteristics that land plants and algae have in common and how they differ as a
means of support for the evolutionary origin of plants.
What are the characteristics that land plants (embryophytes) have in common with
charophytes that suggest that they are their closest relatives?
Know the general life cycle referred to as alternation of generation that is characteristic of all
plants. (sporic life cycle)
Be able to list the characteristics that evolved in plants in order to adapt to a terrestrial
environment and be able to state for what purpose (in particular) they arose.
Be able to list the derived characters of plants and understand what they represent or are.
Be able to list the 4 main groups of plants and state how they differ (e.g. what character(s) set
them apart from the others). Can you draw the cladogram with these characters overlaid on
it? (Remember the innovations that set each apart (vascular tissue, seed development, seed
enclosed within a fruit).

Exam III Review Sheet

Be able to associated the origin and the rise (dominance) and of fall of each of the 4 major
groups in association with the geologic eras associated with the Phanerozoic Eon.
Know the major phyla associated with land plants (Table 29.1) and their representatives.
Know the complete life cycle for the moss (Fig 29.8) and fern (Fig 29.13). This means you must
be able to diagram and/or label a diagram of the life cycle for each of these organisms.
Make sure you know what process of cell division gives rise to each stage associated with
these life cycles
What generation and ploidy level any of the structures associated with the life cycles
represent
Where the spores or gametes are produced in each and what the particular structures and
spores are called.
Know the two main kinds of vascular tissue along with their function and properties and how
they aided plants in growing tall.
Be familiar with the trend behind the evolution of leaves in plants from microphylls to
megaphylls.

Chapters 30 & 38 (38.1 & 38.2 only)

Know the advantages of seed production in plants / in other words, what makes them superior
to spores for dispersal.

Know the complete life cycle for the pine (Fig 30.6) and flowering plant (Figs 30.10 & 38.3).
This means you must be able to diagram and/or label a diagram of the life cycle for each of
these organisms.
Make sure you know what process of cell division gives rise to each stage associated with
these life cycles
What generation and ploidy level any of the structures associated with the life cycles
represent
Where the spores or gametes are produced in each and what the particular structures and
spore cells are called.

Be able to diagram and or describe the fertilization process in angiosperms. Make sure you
know what is meant by double fertilization (Fig 38.6).
Know the difference between fertilization and pollination in the seed bearing plants.
Know the parts of the flower. Make sure you know what parts develop into the seed and into
the fruit.
Make sure you are familiar with the development of the female gametophyte and the
associated structures of the ovule.
Know what generation is dominant for each of the four plants groups we discussed.
Know each of the plant phyla (Table 29.1), their unique characteristics, and to what major
group they belong.

Exam III Review Sheet

For example: Horse Tails are Phylum Monilophyta, they are seedless vascular plants that
produce sporangia on the end of their stems are called strobili, their stems are hollow and
impregnated with silica, their leaves are reduced and are fused, and they have rhizomes.

Be familiar with the phylogeny of the Angiosperm phylum.

o That the once recognize group dicots are not monophyletic.
o That there are 3 basal lineages within the phylum Anthophyta along with the
Magnoliids that are ancestral to the two main groups of flowering plants
Monocots
Eudicots

Understand or recognize how examples of various kinds of fruits, whether dry or fleshy, aid in
the mechanism of seed dispersal.

Be able to distinguish between a monocot and a eudicot

o Flower parts
o Cotyledons
o Venation
o Appearance and placement of vascular bundles
o Kinds of roots
o Characteristics of pollen

Be familiar with how the dependence of plants on animals for pollination and as a food supply
has led to its coevolution with a number of animal groups.
Be familiar with the development of the embryo enclosed in the seed and the basic structures
associated with the embryo of the mature seed.
o radicle, hypocotyl, cotyledons, epicotyl
I would also like you to know the basics of seed germination with respect the structures of the
mature seed as depicted in Fig 38.9a.
Know the terminology to refer to different kinds of flowers
o simple, compound, clusters (inflorescence)
Know the terminology to refer to different kinds of fruits
o Simple, aggregate, multiple, accessory
Know how some plants are capable of asexual reproduction

Chapter 35 (35.1-35.4)

Know the different organ systems and organs of the plant and the function they serve.
o Root System
Roots
o Shoot system

Exam III Review Sheet

Stems
Leaves
Flowers

Know the basic structural components of stems, leaves, and roots.

Know the different tissues associated with plants, their function, the cell types that they
comprise, and their general characteristics.

Know the different types of plant cells, their characteristics and location within a plant. This
includes knowing the arrangement of tissues and cells in leaves, roots, and stems.
o Parenchyma, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma, Tracheids, Vessel Elements, Sieve Tube
Members, Companion Cells, Cork, Periderm, Guard Cells, Trichomes

Know the type of growth exhibited by plants and where it occurs.

o Meristems
o Cambium

Be familiar with the process of secondary growth that gives rise to growth rings in woody
plants.

Know how growth is partitioned along plant roots and shoots.

Other general vocabulary as it relates to plants

Monoecious
Heterosporous
Woody

Dioecious
Evergreen

Mycorrhizae fungi
Deciduous

Homosporous
Herbaceous