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Lecture 1
(21 October 2014)
Contents
Part 1 Introduction to Surveying
Part 2 Syllabus Overview
Part 3 Learning Outcomes and Pass Criteria
Part 4 Assignment and Assessment Criteria
Part 5 Pre-requisites in Mathematics
Part 6 Reference and Further Readings
Part 1
Introduction to
Surveying
4
Definition of Surveying
Surveying or land surveying is the technique,
profession, and science of accurately determining
the terrestrial or three-dimensional position of
points and the distances and angles between them,
commonly practiced by surveyors, and members
of various engineering professions. These points
are usually on the surface of the Earth, and they
are often used to establish land maps and
boundaries for ownership, locations (building
corners, surface location of subsurface features)
or other governmentally required or civil law
purposes (property sales). (Source: wikipedia)
7
Definition of Surveying
Surveying is the the science and art of making
all essential measurements to determine the
relative position of points or physical and
cultural details above, on, or beneath the
surface of the Earth, and to depict them in a
usable form, or to establish the position of
points or details. (American Congress on
Surveying and Mapping)
8
X-Y-Z coordinates
Total Station
9
Professional Bodies
Royal Institution of Chartered
Surveyors (RICS)
10
Branches of Surveying
Building (809)
General Practice (725)
Land (114)
Planning and Development (14)
Property and Facilities Management (65)
Quantity (1,238)
Geodetic Surveying
Topographic Surveying
Hydrographic Surveying
Cadastral Surveying
Engineering Surveying
(Reference: http://theconstructor.org/surveying/branchesof-surveying/6351/)
13
What is Geodesy?
Geodesy is the science of accurately measuring and
understanding the Earth's geometric shape,
orientation in space, and gravity field. To measure
points on the Earths surface, geodesists assign
coordinates (similar to a unique address) to points
all over the Earth. In the past, geodesists determined
the coordinates of points by using Earth-based
surveying tools to measure the distances between
points. Today, geodesists use space-based tools like
the GPS to measure points on the Earths surface.
<http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/geodesy.html>
16
Part 2
Syllabus Overview
18
Linear measurement
Levelling
Angular measurement
Traverse
Setting-out
19
Levelling principle
20
Theodolite/Total Station on
observing station
22
A closed traverse
23
Level on tripod
Theodolite
25
Contour Map
27
Part 3
Unit 27
Part 4
Assignment and
Assessment Criteria
35
The Assignment
Make sure that you
Have a copy of the brief cum questions
Understand the questions
Know the submission due date
Know the penalty for late submission
Know the format of presentation
36
Assessment Criteria
Pass Grade: Completed [P1] [P14] (Total 14
questions) with satisfactory performance.
Merit Grade: In addition to Pass Grade
requirements, completed [M1] [M3] (3 questions)
with good performance, demonstrating application
of theories to practice.
Part 5
Pre-requisite Knowledge
in
Mathematics
40
Pythagoras theorem
In a right angle triangle, a2 + b2 = c2
41
Trigonometric Functions
Source: <http://www.mathsisfun.com/sine-cosine-tangent.html>
Sine Function:
Cosine Function:
Tangent Function:
42
Properties of a Circle
Part 6
References
and
Further Readings
44