TWO TYPES OF OILS/FATS FROM OIL PALM

FRUIT

Palm oil rich in C16

and C18

Palm Kernel Oil rich in C12

and C14
1

NONFOOD USES
Palm oil
Fractionated into
palm olein and
stearin
Palm olein food
Palm stearin
nonfood /
oleochemicals

Palm Kernel Oil

Fractionated into
palm kernel olein and
kernel stearin
Palm kernel stearin
food
Palm kernel olein
nonfood /
oleochemicals
2

COMPOSITION OF
PO = TALLOW & PKO = CNO
R, R, R

PO

Tallow

CNO

PKO

C6

0.2

0.3

C8

8.0

4.4

C10

7.0

3.7

48.2

48.3

C12

0.23

C14

1.09

2.5

18.0

15.6

C16

44.02

26.6

8.5

7.8

C18

4.54

21.8

2.3

2.0

C18:1

39.15

42.8

5.7

15.1

C18:2

10.12

2.3

2.1

2.7

C18:3

0.37
4

CHANGING THE SCENARIO

Availability of lauric
oils
Predictability in
supply
Good Government
incentives
Good infrastructure
Political stability
FAC Tallow = PO
FAC CNO = PKO

The development of
oleochemicals industry
in Malaysia (&
Indonesia)

16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005
5

Palm Oil

PK Oil

Percent Utilization of Palm Products in

Malaysian Oleochemical Industry
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

1990

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

3.1

3.4

4.5

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.7

4.9

PKO

13.3

51.7

47.6

59.3

50

59.2

58.5

63.6

60.7

Total P

3.4

8.5

10.5

10

10.6

10.5

10.9

11.3

PO

MALAYSIAN OLEOCHEMICALS: CAPACITY,

PRODUCTION AND EXPORTS (in000 tonnes).
2000
1500
1000
500
0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
#Co:

15

14

Capacity

16

Oil used

17

16

Export

17
7

TYPES OF BASIC OLEOCHEMICALS

EXPORTED FROM MALAYSIA (in tonnes)
800000
700000
600000
500000
400000
300000
200000
100000
0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Acids

Alcohol

Methyl Ester

Glycerol

METHYL ESTER FROM PKO

PKO
Crude Methyl
Ester

MES

Distilled Methyl
Ester
High temp. & High pressure
Hydrogenation

PKO rich in C12 & C14

- desired chain length for
surfactants

Fatty Alcohol
sulfation

Fatty Alcohol
Sulfates

ethoxylation

Fatty Alcohol
Ethoxylates
Fatty Alcohol
Ether Sulfates

10

LOTION WITH VITAMIN E

Isopropyl Myristate
Octyl Stearate
Stearic Acid
MCT
Water
Glycerin
Preservatives
Rheological additives
Vitamin E
Triethanol Amine
11

CREAM
Isopropyl palmitate
Octyl palmitate
Stearic acid
MCT
Cetyl alcohol
Glycerol
Preservative
Rheological additives
Neutraliser
12

COLLABORATION WITH HR
MARKETING SDN. BHD.

Skincare with goats milk

13

PRODUCTS WITH ROSELLE

14

PRODUCTS WITH PALM VITAMIN E

15

COLOR COSMETICS
LIPSTICKS

LIPGLOSS

DEODORANT STICK

MASCARA

COMPACT POWDER

LOOSE POWDER

LIQUID FOUNDATION

16

EFFICACY TESTING

Efficacy tests (invivo and in-vitro)

are carried out to
get data.
Data is used to
substantiate claims
made on a
particular product.
In developed
countries claim
substantiation is
necessary.
17

SAFETY AND EFFICACY

EVALUATION OF SOAPS
Figure 7. Results of Skin Hydration

3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
-0.5

Variation of Hydration

V a r ia tio n o f a *
v a lu e

Figure 4. Results of Chromamater Readings

Soap A

COM2

0.0
-2.0

-4.0
-6.0
-8.0
-10.0
-12.0
-14.0

Soap A

Product
Soap A

COM2

Irritation test

COM2

Product

Soap A

COM2

Skin Hydration test

18

ROSELLE MOISTURIZING CREAM

35-38% increase in skin moisture
after application (Rosnah, 2002)

% Increase

Figure 2 : Incre ase in moisture tre ate d with

cre am v s untre ate d
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
-5

Control
DC2
DC3

30

60

90

120

180

Time (minutes)
19

WHITENING EFFICACY
Study49/01 : Effect on skin melanin
between treated and untreated

V ar iatio n in m e lan in
in d e x

V ar iatio n in L
valu e

Study 49/01 : Effect on skin

lightness between treated and
untreated
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
-0.5

T0

T4

T6

Time (w eeks)
SLC

-2.0
-4.0
-6.0
T0

T4

T6

Time (w eeks)

Untreated

No. of Volunteers = 20

0.0

SLC

Untreated

Product type = cream

Skin types = Group 3 (14), 4 (6)

Result = significant (p<0.05)

20

Palm-based anti acne cream

In vitro tests of using the essential oil at 50mg/ml showed that the
compounds could significantly reduce Propionibacterium acnes and
Staphylococcus aureus, which are the main microflora of acne lesion.

%Bacterial Count

120
100
80

P. acne

60
40

S. aureus

20
10
0

50

25

12
.5

6.
25

C
on
tr
ol

Dose (mg/ml)

In vitro anti-microbial test of essential oil against

Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus

21

Palm-based anti acne cream

Sebum (mg.cm-2)

Direct sebum measurement indicated a 9% reduction after 6 weeks

application of the anti-acne cream.
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
-20

T0 (Control)
T1 (Week 1)
T4 (Week 4)
T6 (Week 6)

Sebum
(mg/cm2)

% Sebum
Reduction

In vivo study on the effect of anti-acne cream on sebum production

against time

22

23

PALM DIHYDROXYSTEARIC ACIDS

(PALM DHSA)

OH
CH3 -(CH2)7 -CH-CH-(CH2)7-COOH
OH
MW 316

24

PRODUCTION OF DHSA
COOH
HCO3H or

CH3CO3H)
O
COOH

H+

H2O

OH
COOH
OH

9,10-dihydroxystearic acid

25

NotNot
determine
determined

In Vitro test for Skin Corrosion

In Vitro test for Skin Irritation

Human irritancy Equivalent (HIE)

In Vitro Dermal irritection Assay

1.4
1.2

50uL

75uL

0.8

100uL

0.6

125uL

0.4

Non-Irritant

0.2

Moderate Irritant

0
R10

R11-A

R11-1

R13

DHSA Samples
26

27

28

3 PROCESSES TO PRODUCE
SOAP/SOAP NOODLES
RCH2COO-CH2
RCH2COO-CH
RCH2COO-CH2
NaOH

RCH2COOH

NaOH

RCH2COOCH3

NaOH

3 RCH2COO- Na+
+ CH2OHCHOHCH2OH

RCH2COO- Na+ RCH2COO- Na+

+ CH3OH

Soap noodles
USP glycerin

Soap noodles

Soap noodles
29

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE

VARIOUS SOAP NOODLES
Saponification of Neutralization of Saponification of
oils/fats
fatty acids
fatty methyl ester
FAC depend on the
types and ratio of
various oils/fats
used

FAC can be varied

by selecting the
fatty acids to
neutralize

FAC can be varied by

selecting the fatty
methyl ester to
saponify

Color darker

Color good

Color Very good

Elaborate process

Simplified process

Process is simple but

CH3OH can pose
problem to some.

30

PALM-BASED SOAP NOODLES

FROM MALAYSIA
PO
80, 75, 70, 60
PKO 20, 25, 30, 40
H2O 9-12.5%
TFM 79-83%
FFA 1.3 - 7.0%
GLY 0.4 - 0.6%
Sesq. Present
31

PALM-BASED TRANSPARENT SOAP FOR

SKIN CARE & DECORATIVE

Developed by
neutralization of fatty
acids and in
combination with
polyol (i.e. glycerine)
as an agent to impart
transparency to the
soap.

32

PALM-BASED TRANSPARENT SOAP VS

COMMERCIAL TRANSPARENT SOAPS
Sample

pH
(1% solution)

Penetration Transparenc
depth (mm)
y value

Palm-based
transparent soap
for skin care

9.84

1.09

0.90

Commercial 1

10.17

0.18

0.77

Commercial 2

10.46

1.09

0.88

Commercial 3

10.28

3.09

0.86
33

SUMMARY
o

Palm oil is an important oil in the

oils/fats market
Very versatile many potential
applications
Some applications compete with
petro-based products
Oleochemical products can
compete in terms of performance
and cost
34