Proposed Rule: Americans With Disabilities Act Implementation: Accessibility Guidelines&#8212 Outdoor Developed Areas

Wednesday,
June 20, 2007
Part II
Architectural and
Transportation
Barriers Compliance
Board
36 CFR Part 1195
Architectural Barriers Act (ABA)
Accessibility Guidelines for Outdoor
Developed Areas; Proposed Rule
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34074 Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 118 / Wednesday, June 20, 2007 / Proposed Rules
ARCHITECTURAL AND Information Services, Architectural and piers and platforms, golf facilities, play
TRANSPORTATION BARRIERS Transportation Barriers Compliance areas, and swimming pools. However,
COMPLIANCE BOARD Board, 1331 F Street, NW., suite 1000, the revised accessibility guidelines do
Washington, DC 20004–1111. not address access to such outdoor
36 CFR Part 1195 Telephone number (202) 272–0014 developed areas as trails, beaches, and
[Docket No. 2007–02] (Voice); (202) 272–0082 (TTY). These picnic and camping facilities.
are not toll-free numbers. E-mail The Access Board convened a
RIN 3014–AA22 address: botten@access-board.gov. Recreation Access Advisory Committee
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: in 1993 as the first step in developing
Architectural Barriers Act (ABA) accessibility guidelines for outdoor
Accessibility Guidelines for Outdoor Availability of Copies and Electronic developed areas and other recreation
Developed Areas Access facilities. The advisory committee
AGENCY: Architectural and Single copies of this publication may presented its report in 1994, and the
Transportation Barriers Compliance be obtained at no cost by calling the Access Board issued an Advance Notice
Board. Access Board’s automated publications of Proposed Rulemaking (ANPRM) the
order line (202) 272–0080, by pressing same year requesting public comment
ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking.
2 on the telephone keypad, then 1 and on the committee’s recommendations.
SUMMARY: The Architectural and requesting publication S–65 (Outdoor 59 FR 48542 (September 21, 1994). The
Transportation Barriers Compliance Developed Areas Notice of Proposed public comments revealed a lack of
Board (Access Board) is proposing to Rulemaking). Please record your name, consensus on some major issues
issue accessibility guidelines for address, city, State, zip code, telephone regarding outdoor developed areas.
outdoor developed areas designed, number and request publication code S– The Access Board subsequently
constructed, or altered by Federal 65. Persons using a TTY should call established a regulatory negotiation
agencies subject to the Architectural (202) 272–0082. This document is committee in 1997 to propose
Barriers Act of 1968. The guidelines available in alternate formats upon accessibility guidelines for outdoor
cover trails, outdoor recreation access request. Persons who want this developed areas.1 Regulatory
routes, beach access routes, and picnic publication in an alternate format negotiation is a supplement to the
and camping facilities. should specify the type of format traditional rulemaking process that
(cassette tape, Braille, large print, or allows for face to face negotiations
DATES: Comments should be received by
ASCII disk). This document is also among representatives of affected
October 18, 2007. The Access Board will
available on the Board’s Web site interests, including the agency, with a
hold hearings on July 24, 2007 from 2
(http://www.access-board.gov). goal of reaching consensus on a
p.m. until 5 p.m. and on September 6,
proposed rule. The proposed rule is
2007 from 2 p.m. until 5 p.m. Background then published in the Federal Register
ADDRESSES: You may submit comments, The Architectural and Transportation and the public has an opportunity to
identified by Docket No. 2007–02, by Barriers Compliance Board (Access comment. Based on public comments
any of the following methods: Board) is responsible for developing received, the final rule may differ from
• Federal eRulemaking Portal: http:// accessibility guidelines to ensure that the proposed rule. The regulatory
www.regulations.gov. Follow the new construction and alterations of negotiation committee reached
instructions for submitting comments. facilities subject to the Americans with consensus on proposed accessibility
• E-mail: outdoor@access-board.gov. Disabilities Act of 1990 and the guidelines for outdoor developed areas,
Include Docket No. 2007–02 in the Architectural Barriers Act of 1968 are and presented its report to the Access
subject line of the message. readily accessible to and usable by
• Fax: (202) 272–0081. Board in 1999. The regulatory
individuals with disabilities. The negotiation committee’s report is
• Mail or Hand Delivery: Office of Americans with Disabilities Act applies
Technical and Information Services, available at the Access Board’s Web site
to State and local government facilities, (http://www.access-board.gov/outdoor/
Architectural and Transportation places of public accommodation, and
Barriers Compliance Board, 1331 F outdoor-rec-rpt.htm).
commercial facilities. The Architectural Federal agencies are required to assess
Street, NW., suite 1000, Washington, DC Barriers Act applies to federally the impacts of proposed rules and final
20004–1111. financed facilities.
All submissions received must rules, and prepare detailed analyses of
The Access Board has developed
include the agency name and docket accessibility guidelines for buildings 1 The following organizations were represented
number for this rulemaking. All and various other facilities subject to the on the regulatory negotiation committee: American
comments received will be posted Americans with Disabilities Act and the Society of Landscape Architects; American
without change to http://www.access- Architectural Barriers Act. The Access Camping Association; American Trails;
board.gov, including any personal Appalachian Trail Conference; Association of Blind
Board recently revised the Americans Athletes; Hawaii Commission on Persons with
information provided. Comments will with Disabilities Act and the Disabilities; KOA, Inc.; National Association of
also be available for inspection at the Architectural Barriers Act Accessibility State Park Directors; National Association of State
above address from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. on Guidelines in 2004. 69 FR 44084 (July, Trail Administrators; National Center on
regular business days. The hearing on Accessibility; National Council on Independent
23, 2004). The revised accessibility Living; National Recreation and Park Association;
July 24, 2007 will be held at the Westin guidelines are codified at 36 CFR Part National Spinal Cord Injury Association; New York
Westminster, 10600 Westminster 1191, Appendices A through E, and are State Department of Environmental Conservation;
Boulevard, Westminster, CO 80020; the available at the Access Board’s Web site Paralyzed Veterans of America; Partners for Access
hearing on September 6, 2007 will be to the Woods; Rails to Trails Conservancy; State of
(http://www.access-board.gov/ada-aba/ Washington, Interagency Committee for Outdoor
held at the Madison Hotel, 1177 final.htm). The revised accessibility Recreation; TASH; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers;
Fifteenth Street, NW., Washington, DC guidelines include scoping and U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service; U.S.
20005. technical provisions for several types of Department of Interior, National Park Service; U.S.
Department of Transportation, Federal Highway
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Bill recreation facilities, including Administration; U.S. Access Board; and Whole
Botten, Office of Technical and recreational boating facilities, fishing Access.
Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 118 / Wednesday, June 20, 2007 / Proposed Rules 34075
the costs and benefits of the rules if the and numbering system of the revised accessible. A summary of the
impacts are economically significant.2 accessibility guidelines. The proposed committee’s deliberations on these
Sufficient data is not presently available rule has also been edited to conform to approaches is included in the preamble
for the Access Board to assess the the style of the revised accessibility under the section on trails (T203). The
impacts of the proposed accessibility guidelines. The substance of the committee reached consensus on the
guidelines for outdoor developed areas proposed rule is the same as in the approach presented in this proposed
on State and local governments and regulatory negotiation committee’s rule. Should the approaches that were
private entities. Consequently, the report. rejected be reconsidered? Are there
Access Board has decided to limit this The proposed rule is presented as a other approaches the Board should
proposed rule to outdoor developed ‘‘stand alone’’ document. The proposed consider? If so, please provide
areas designed, constructed, or altered rule consists of four chapters. Chapter information on how the alternative
by Federal agencies subject to the T1 contains general provisions. Chapter approaches would be applied and their
Architectural Barriers Act. At a future T2 contains scoping provisions for rationale.
date, when an assessment of the impacts trails, outdoor recreation access routes, Question 2: The proposed guidelines
on State and local governments and beach access routes, picnic and camping include conditions for exceptions from
private entities can be prepared, the facilities, and elements associated with the technical provisions (T302).
Access Board will conduct a separate those facilities. Chapter T3 contains Condition 4 permits specific exceptions
rulemaking for outdoor developed areas technical provisions that are unique to to the technical provisions for trails
subject to the Americans with the items scoped in Chapter T2. Chapter where compliance would not be feasible
Disabilities Act. T4 contains supplementary technical due to terrain or prevailing construction
The proposed rule will primarily provisions that are common to all practices. The term ‘‘not feasible’’ is
affect the following Federal land facilities such as turning space, reach used in Condition 4 to specify what is
management agencies and their ranges, operable parts, and doors, and ‘‘reasonably do-able.’’ It does not refer to
components: Department of Agriculture are also applicable to the items scoped the technical infeasibility or possibility
(Forest Service); Department of Interior in Chapter T2. Chapter T4 also adapts of full compliance with the technical
(National Park Service, Fish and the technical provisions for toilet provisions. Should the word
Wildlife Service, Bureau of Land facilities to apply to pit toilets. Facilities ‘‘practicable’’ also be used in this
Management, and Bureau of and elements such as visitor centers, condition? That is, are there situations
Reclamation), and Department of parking lots, plumbed toilets and where it would be ‘‘reasonably do-able’’
Defense (Army Corps of Engineers). In bathing facilities, drinking fountains, to comply with the guidelines, but it is
May 2006, the Forest Service published recreational boating facilities, and not ‘‘practicable’’ to do so? Should there
a notice of a final directive that requires fishing piers and platforms that are be more guidance for determining what
compliance with the Forest Service covered by the Architectural Barriers is or is not feasible or practicable in
Outdoor Recreation Accessibility Act Accessibility Guidelines issued in applying Condition 4? If so, what type
Guidelines (FSORAG), 71 FR 29288 2004 are not included in this proposed of guidance should be provided? Should
(May 22, 2006), and the Forest Service rule. A provision has been added to the guidance give specific examples of
Trail Accessibility Guidelines (FSTAG) Chapter T2 (T201.4) requiring facilities situations where certain provisions such
71 FR 29294 (May 22, 2006). The and elements covered by the as maximum running slope may not be
FSORAG and FSTAG provide Architectural Barriers Act Accessibility feasible or practicable for a portion of a
accessibility direction for outdoor Guidelines to comply with those trail?
developed recreation areas in the guidelines. Question 3: A newly constructed trail
National Forest System. When the Board The Board invites comment on the that complies with the technical
finalizes its accessibility guidelines for format of the proposed rule and other provisions for trails would be
outdoor developed areas, the Forest format recommendations for the final considered an accessible trail and is
Service will revise the FSORAG and rule. required to display a symbol designating
FSTAG as needed to incorporate the the trail as accessible. The committee
Access Board Questions did not reach consensus on what
Board’s guidelines.
The proposed accessibility guidelines The Board requests comments on the symbol should be displayed on the sign.
in the regulatory negotiation following questions related to the Some suggested that the International
committee’s report followed the format accessibility guidelines proposed by the Symbol of Accessibility that is used to
and numbering system of the Americans Regulatory Negotiation Committee. designate accessible features in
Question 1: The Board acknowledges buildings was not appropriate to
with Disabilities Act Accessibility
the difficulty in reaching consensus on designate accessible trails because the
Guidelines that was initially issued by
proposed accessibility guidelines for technical provisions for trails differ
the Access Board in 1991. As indicated
newly constructed and altered trails and from the technical provisions for
earlier, the Access Board revised the
appreciates the hard work of the accessible routes in buildings, and using
Americans with Disabilities Act and the
regulatory negotiation committee. the International Symbol of
Architectural Barriers Act Accessibility
Throughout the committee’s Accessibility for accessible trails may
Guidelines in 2004. The revised
deliberations, several alternative convey the message that accessible trails
accessibility guidelines use a new
approaches to addressing trail meet the same technical provisions as
format and numbering system. The
accessibility were considered. Some of accessible routes in buildings. Others
proposed rule follows the new format
the approaches considered and rejected suggested that the International Symbol
included applying different provisions of Accessibility be paired with the
2 A rule is considered economically significant if
it may have ‘‘an annual effect on the economy of to ‘‘front’’ country and ‘‘back’’ country International Hiker Symbol. Comments
$100 million or more, or adversely affect in a trails; general exemptions from on this suggestion or other suggested
material way the economy, a sector of the economy, accessibility in some areas; different symbols are welcome.
productivity, competition, jobs, the environment,
public health or safety, or State, local, or tribal
provisions based on levels of The committee also recommended
governments or communities.’’ Executive Order development; and requiring only a that trail signs provide detailed
12866, section (f)(1). certain percentage of new trails to be information about the trails’ running
slope, width, cross slope, and other Question 8: The number of picnic changed from 54 inches to 48 inches
characteristics. This would enable tables, grills, benches, and other maximum. Additionally, the low reach
people to make informed decisions elements required to be accessible in was changed from 9 inches to 15 inches
about using trails based on the this proposed rule is based on what is minimum. These revised reach range
characteristics of the trails. On the other provided in an area. While no definition provisions are included in Chapter T4.
hand, it was noted that this approach of area is provided, several examples are However, the proposed low reach for
might result in signs that would be too included in the advisory note to the fire building surface on fire rings
elaborate and complicated, and some T206.2.2 to give guidance on what is was unchanged. The Board did not
hikers might not be able to distinguish intended. Areas may be ‘‘designated modify this provision since the
between the various characteristics to locations’’, separated and identified by regulatory negotiation committee
make appropriate choices. The Board a name or connected to a separate specifically addressed the 9 inch
requests comment on this issue. entrance road. Areas may also be minimum for this element. The Board is
Information is provided in the advisory separated and include different settings interested in comment on the
note to T321.2 showing examples of on the same site. For example, a picnic application of the revised reach ranges
signs and other details. Question 25 also area located next to a lake in a park is to the various controls and operating
requests further comment on trail considered a separate picnic area from mechanisms addressed in this proposed
signage. a pavilion with numerous picnic tables rule.
Question 4: The committee proposed within the same park. Does the term
that a beach access route be required ‘‘area’’ need to be defined? If so, please General Issues
where pedestrian routes are provided to provide a recommended definition. The remainder of the preamble is
or along the edge of a beach. Several Question 9: Extensive information is from the report of the Regulatory
exceptions to this general requirement included in the advisory note to T303.3 Negotiation Committee.
are included in the proposed rule. (Table A) on the degree of firmness and
Alterations and Maintenance
Section T205.2.3 Exception 6 provides stability of a trail surface. The Board is
an exception for pedestrian routes that seeking comment on whether the Alterations and maintenance of trails
are developed along the edge of an recommendations for the degree of were discussed extensively by the
existing beach, such as a boardwalk. surface firmness and stability should be committee. As a result of these
Under this exception, beach access based on the length of travel, the discussions, guidance in determining
routes would not be required if the intended use, or the direction of traffic. when actions would be considered
pedestrian route or boardwalk is For example, surfaces that are ‘‘maintenance’’ or an ‘‘alteration’’ was
elevated 6 inches or higher above the moderately firm or stable may be needed. Where actions are considered
beach surface. The Board is concerned appropriate in areas where a cushioned an alteration, certain technical
that this exception will not provide surface is preferred (e.g., for a multi-use provisions will apply. There are no
sufficient access for persons with trail that includes equestrians). obligations to follow any technical
disabilities, especially where lengthy The Board requests comment on the provisions where the actions are
elevated boardwalk systems are concept of having a range of considered maintenance or repair.
provided. In view of this, the Board requirements for what will qualify as Routine or periodic maintenance or
requests comments on whether a higher firm and stable. For example, is it repair of existing trails or trail segments
threshold than 6 inches should be used. acceptable for a trail under .5 miles in is exempt from scoping and technical
Question 5: The proposed rule length to be only ‘‘moderately’’ firm? Is provisions for accessible trails.
requires beach access routes to be a it acceptable for a trail less than .1 miles Maintenance and repair is performed to
minimum of 36 inches in width. Should in length to be only ‘‘moderately’’ firm return a trail or trail segment back to the
this width be increased? When beach and ‘‘moderately’’ stable? Further, is it standards or conditions to which it was
access routes are less than 60 inches in appropriate to consider a surface firm if originally designed and built. In outdoor
width, a passing space of 60 inches by the wheel of a wheelchair sinks into it environments, the ability to maintain a
60 inches would be required every 200 by .5 inch? And, is it appropriate to facility is generally more limited,
feet. Should the passing space be larger? measure both firmness and stability by occurring relatively infrequently, except
Should passing spaces be provided the same wheelchair penetration test? in highly developed areas. This type of
more frequently than every 200 feet? While this information is only advisory, work is not an alteration; it does not
The Board is interested in information the Board requests comments on change the original purpose, intent, or
from designers or operators who have whether it should be included in the design of the trail. The act of
provided beach access routes. advisory at all. maintenance and repair includes, but is
Question 6: The proposed rule Question 10: Should the number of not limited to:
requires beach access routes to extend to required accessible outdoor elements • Removal of debris and vegetation
the water. The Board requests comments such as picnic tables, fire rings, and such as downed trees or broken
on whether beach access routes should benches be increased from the scoping branches in the trailway, clearing a trail
connect managed elements and spaces provisions in Chapter T2? In most cases, of encroaching brush or grasses, and
often located on a beach such as beach 50% of the elements provided are removing rock slides;
volleyball courts, first aid stations, required to be accessible. Of those • Maintenance of the trail tread such
beach rental equipment facilities, and elements required to be accessible, 40% as filling ruts and entrenchments,
concession stands. are also required to be connected by an reshaping trail beds, repairing trail
Question 7: The proposed rule outdoor recreation access route. The surfaces and washouts; installing rip rap
(T308.3) requires the height of the Board is interested in comments and (rock placed to retain cut and fill
cooking surface of a grill to be 15 inches alternatives to the scoping provisions slopes), and constructing retaining walls
minimum to 34 inches maximum above for these elements. or cribbing to support the trail tread;
the floor or ground surface. Is the 15 Question 11: The guidelines issued by • Erosion control and drainage,
inch minimum height too low? If so, the Board in 2004 include changes to replacing or installing necessary
what dimension should be used and the technical provisions for reach drainage structures such as drainage
why? ranges. The high side reach was dips, water bars, or culverts, and
realigning sections of trail to deter that applying the proposed accessibility minimum guidelines for trails. A trail
erosion or avoid boggy or marshy areas; guidelines to trails in the ‘‘back designed only to meet the proposed
and country’’ or lesser developed portions of accessibility guidelines for trails may
• Repair of trail or trailhead outdoor recreation areas would make it not be adequate, and possibly hazardous
structures, including replacing more difficult for public land managing for bicyclists or skaters.
deteriorated, damaged, or vandalized agencies to appropriately manage the The primary design guide for bicycle
parts of structures such as sections of use of all terrain vehicles (ATVs) and off
bridges, boardwalks, information kiosks, and shared use facilities is the ‘‘Guide
highway vehicles (OHVs) in these areas. for the Development of Bicycle
fencing, railings, and painting or One concern was that requiring land
removing graffiti. Facilities’’ from the American
managing agencies to consider making
Where practicable and feasible, Association of State Highway and
trails in lesser developed areas
resource managers are encouraged to Transportation Officials (AASHTO),
accessible according to the proposed
maximize the opportunity to improve 1999. The AASHTO Guide defines a
guidelines would make it more difficult
accessibility on trails through trail ‘‘shared use path’’ as a facility on
to control and restrict where these types
maintenance and repair activities. Every exclusive right-of-way and minimal
of devices may be used.
time a trail is maintained, the cross flow by motor vehicles. Users
The proposed guidelines for trails generally include bicyclists, skaters, and
opportunity to improve access is address their design, construction, and
present. pedestrians. (In areas with heavy snow,
alteration in the same manner that other
Question 12: The committee shared use paths may be used by cross-
accessibility provisions address fixed
recognized that the distinction between country skiers or snowmobilers.) A
facilities. They are similarly based on
alterations and maintenance activities is summary of how the AASHTO Guide
the dimensions and use patterns of
as critical to picnic areas, campgrounds, relates to the proposed accessibility
and beaches as it is to trails. Although those assistive devices commonly
guidelines for trails is provided. In most
the previous discussion specifically referenced throughout the Board’s
cases, the AASHTO Guide requires a
refers to trails, the examples could be guidelines. While in the outdoor
greater level of accessibility when
extrapolated to include other outdoor environment it may be possible to
designing trails for pedestrians,
elements. How should alteration and encompass a wider variety of mobility
including bicyclists and skaters.
maintenance activities be defined for enhancing equipment, the necessity of
protecting the environment and Shared use paths provide non-
picnic areas, campgrounds, and
maintaining the appropriateness of the motorized transportation connections
beaches, including outdoor recreation
setting might exclude certain devices, between neighborhoods and
access and beach access routes?
Question 13: Should there be different particularly ATVs or OHVs. That communities. They may be along old
construction tolerances for the outdoor decision is reserved for the railroad corridors or rivers, or pass
environment? For example, should the administrative agency or owner of the through parks. Shared use paths are
construction tolerances be greater with affected property and is beyond the usually separated from adjoining
respect to trails, picnic areas, camping scope of these guidelines. roadways or streets either by distance or
facilities, and beach access routes than a barrier, and are usually distinct from
Trails Used as Transportation Facilities sidewalks. They generally have
interior accessible routes? If so, how (Shared Use Paths)
should those tolerances be defined? relatively few driveways or street
Many trails are used as non-motorized crossings. A summary of how the
Relationship Between Use of All transportation facilities. Users may AASHTO Guide relates to the proposed
Terrain Vehicles (ATVs) and the include bicyclists and skaters as well as accessibility guidelines for trails is
Proposed Accessibility Guidelines for pedestrians. These accessibility included below. Trails designed for
Trails guidelines apply to these trails. recreational use by mountain bicyclists
During the committee deliberations, However, bicyclists and skaters have are not expected to meet AASHTO
some individuals expressed concern design needs which exceed the Guidelines.
COMPARISON OF AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY AND TRANSPORTATION OFFICIALS (AASHTO) GUIDELINES
FOR BICYCLE FACILITIES AND THE PROPOSED GUIDELINES FOR TRAILS
Outdoor developed areas accessibility guidelines AASHTO guide for the development of bicycle facilities
T303.3 Surface: Firm and stable ........................................................... Bicycles need the same firmness and stability as wheelchairs; skaters
usually require a smooth, paved surface. Most shared use paths are
paved, although crushed aggregate surfaces are used on some
paths.
T303.4 Clear Tread Width: 36 inches (3 feet; 915 mm); exception for Shared use paths usually require a minimum 3 meter (10 foot) width,
32 inches (815 mm). plus a 0.6 meter (2 foot) safety buffer on both sides. A 2.4 m (8 foot)
width may be allowed in low use facilities. Posts or bollards installed
to restrict motor vehicle traffic should be spaced 1.5 m (5 feet) apart.
Posts or bollards should be brightly painted and reflectorized for visi-
bility. When more than one post is used, use an odd number, with
one on the centerline to help direct opposing traffic.
T303.5 Openings (Gaps): To prevent wheelchair wheels and cane The AASHTO Guide does not specify a maximum dimension for a sur-
tips from being caught in surface openings or gaps, openings in trail face opening, but openings should be minimized. Openings should
surfaces shall be of a size which does not permit passage of a 1⁄2 not permit a bicycle wheel to enter. Grates should be flush with the
inch (13 mm) diameter sphere; elongated openings must be perpen- surface, and elongated openings should be perpendicular to the di-
dicular or diagonal to the direction of travel; exception to permit par- rection of travel (diagonal openings are more difficult for bicyclists to
allel direction elongated openings if openings do not permit passage negotiate). Where openings are unavoidable, they should be clearly
of a 1⁄4 inch (6 mm) sphere; second exception to permit openings marked.
which do not permit passage of a 3⁄4 inch (19 mm) sphere.
COMPARISON OF AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY AND TRANSPORTATION OFFICIALS (AASHTO) GUIDELINES
FOR BICYCLE FACILITIES AND THE PROPOSED GUIDELINES FOR TRAILS—Continued
Outdoor developed areas accessibility guidelines AASHTO guide for the development of bicycle facilities
T322.1 Protruding Objects:T405 provide a warning if vertical clear- Protruding objects should not exist within the clear tread width of a
ance is less than 80 inches (2030 mm). shared use path. Vertical clearance on shared use paths should be a
minimum of 3 m (10 feet) or the full clear width including safety buff-
ers. Where vertical barriers and obstructions, such as abutments,
piers, and other features are unavoidable, they should be clearly
marked.
T303.6 Tread Obstacles (Changes in level, roots, rocks, ruts): Up to 2 Tread obstacles are hazardous to bicyclists and skaters. The surface
inches (50 mm); exception up to 3 inches (75 mm). of a shared use path should be smooth and should not have tread
obstacles.
T303.7 Passing Space: At least 60 inches (1525 mm) width within Shared use paths should have a minimum clear width of 3 m (10 feet);
1,000 foot (300 m) intervals. Advisory recommends more frequent in- exception for 2.4 m (8 feet).
tervals for some trail segments.
T303.8.1 Cross Slope: 1:20 (5%) maximum; exceptions for open For drainage, shared use paths should have a minimum 2 percent
drains up to 1:10 (10%). (1:50) cross slope on a paved surface. On unpaved shared use
paths, particular attention should be paid to drainage to avoid ero-
sion. Curves on shared use paths may require super elevation be-
yond 2% (1:50) for safety reasons. The Guide suggests limited cross
slope for accessibility reasons.
T303.8.2 Running Slope: 1:20 (5%), any length; 1:12 (8.33%), for up Running slopes on shared use paths should be kept to a minimum;
to 200 feet; 1:10 (10%), for up to 30 feet; 1:8 (12.5%), for up to 10 grades greater than 5 percent are undesirable. Grades steeper than
feet. No more than 30% of the total trail length shall exceed 1:12. 3 percent may not be practical for shared use paths with crushed
stone or other unpaved surfaces. Where terrain dictates, grade
lengths are recommended as follows: <5% (<1:20), any length; 5–
6% (1:20–16.7), for up to 240 m (800 feet); 7% (1:14.3), for up to
120 m (400 feet); 8% (1:12.5), for up to 90 m (300 feet); 9%
(1:11.1), for up to 60 m (200 feet); 10% (1:10), for up to 30 m (100
feet); 11+% (1:9.1), for up to 15 m (50 feet).
T303.9 Resting Intervals: Size: 60 inch (1525 mm) length, at least as The Guide does not address resting intervals.
wide as the widest trail segment adjacent to the rest area. Less than
1:20 (5%) slope in all directions. Resting areas are required where
trail running slopes exceed 1:20 (5%), at intervals no greater than
the lengths permitted under running slope (see T302.6.2 above).
T303.10 Edge Protection: Where provided, 3 inch (75 mm) minimum The Guide does not address edge protection. Some kinds of edge pro-
height. Handrails are not required. tection may be hazardous to bicyclists and skaters. The Guide has
minimum railing height recommendations when needed for safety
reasons.
T222 Trail Signs: Accessible trails require designation with a symbol Guidance on signing and marking is provided in the Manual on Uniform
of accessibility, and information on total length of the accessible seg- Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD), incorporated by reference as a
ment. No traffic control sign information. Federal regulation (23 CFR 655.601). A proposed amendment for
Part 9 (Traffic Controls for Bicycle Facilities) was published in the
Federal Register on June 24, 1999 (64 FR 33802).
The ‘‘Guide for the Development of Bicycle Facilities’’ is available through the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Offi-
cials (AASHTO), 444 North Capitol Street, NW., Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001, (202) 624–5800, fax (202) 624–5806, https://book-
store.transportation.org/
Section-by-Section Analysis and technical provisions upon a case- recreation access route’’, and ‘‘tread
by-case determination. width’’ are included as a part of the
This section of the preamble contains
a summary of the proposed accessibility T103 Conventions final report.
guidelines for trails, outdoor recreation All dimensions not stated as a The term ‘‘beach access route’’ is
access routes, beach access routes, and ‘‘maximum’’ or ‘‘minimum’’ are defined as a continuous unobstructed
picnic and camping facilities. The text absolute and are subject to conventional path designated for pedestrian use that
of the proposed rule follows this industry tolerances except where a crosses the surface of the beach. Beaches
section. range is provided. Rules are provided can be found in three general aquatic
Chapter T1: Application and for calculations of percentages. environments: coastal areas, along
Administration rivers, and along lakes and ponds.
T104 Definitions Although the term ‘‘beach’’ is not
This chapter states general principles Definitions for ‘‘alterations’’ and defined, the committee broadly
that recognize the purpose of the ‘‘facility’’ have been added by the Board considered this to include designated
guidelines (T101), modification and to this proposed rule and are based on areas along a shore of a body of water
waivers (T102), conventions (T103), and definitions in the Architectural Barriers providing pedestrian entry for the
definitions (T104). Act Accessibility Guidelines issued in purposes of water play, swimming, or
T102 Modifications and Waivers 2004. The other definitions are from the other water shoreline activities. A beach
regulatory negotiation committee’s access route is a designated path and
The Architectural Barriers Act (ABA) report. different from an area where entry into
authorizes certain agencies to grant a The definition of ‘‘beach access route’’
the water is possible, but not provided.
modification or waiver from the scoping and ‘‘designated trailhead’’, ‘‘outdoor
A beach access route is a pathway the Architectural Barriers Act T201 Application
over the surface of the beach itself, not Accessibility Guidelines issued in 2004. This section provides that these
the route leading to the edge of the The accessibility guidelines for trails guidelines apply to all newly designed
beach surface. When a beach is fronted apply to those which are designed and and constructed trails, outdoor
by a park or other outdoor developed constructed for pedestrian use. These recreation access routes, beach access
area, the route over the surface to the guidelines are not applicable to trails routes, and picnic and camping
edge and beginning of the beach surface primarily designed and constructed for facilities and altered portions of existing
may be considered an outdoor recreational use by equestrians, trails that connect to an accessible trail
recreation access route addressed by mountain bicyclists, snowmobile users, or designated trailhead. The
section T204. or off-road vehicle (ORV) users, even if requirements apply to both permanent
A ‘‘designated trailhead’’ is defined as pedestrians may occasionally use the and temporary facilities. It is recognized
a designated point of access that may same trails. People use these categories that compliance with this section will
contain parking areas, information of trails by means of transportation not always result in facilities that will
kiosks, restrooms, water hydrants, and other than foot travel or personal be accessible to all persons with
may be reached by vehicular or mobility device. Design and disabilities. These guidelines recognize
pedestrian access. A designated construction requirements for that often the natural environment will
trailhead is a ‘‘point of access’’ to a trail equestrians, mountain bikes, ORVs, and prevent full compliance with certain
intended for public use where snowmobiles are based on the specific technical provisions.
information may be provided. The requirements for the intended mode of
designated trailhead may include a transportation. For the safety of trail T202 Additions and Alterations to
vehicle parking area for the public to Existing Facilities
users, pedestrian use may not always be
access the trail or may connect from a permitted on these trails in order to This section requires that each
sidewalk or from a street or road in an minimize conflicts between motorized addition to an existing facility comply
area where pedestrian access from a and non-motorized recreation. These with the requirements for new
nearby neighborhood may be expected. trails do not preclude use by a person construction.
It does not include a junction between with a disability since it is planned that T202.3 Alterations
trails where there is no other access or all trail users would be using the one or
a location where a trail crosses a road more alternative means of transportation This section requires that where
and public access from the road is not for which the trail is designed and existing trails connecting to designated
expected or is discouraged. It also does constructed. The design and trailheads or accessible trails are altered,
not include an access point not open to construction of pedestrian trails without they shall comply with the requirements
the public. consideration of these proposed of Chapters T2 and T3. Committee
An ‘‘outdoor recreation access route’’ guidelines, by contrast, could present members sought to limit the application
is a continuous unobstructed path barriers to some trail users because the of these guidelines where existing trails
intended use is by foot or personal are not connected to a designated
designated for pedestrian use that
mobility device. For these reasons, the trailhead or an accessible trail. Further
connects accessible elements within a
discussion is included under T203
picnic area, camping area, or designated committee intentionally limited the
Trails. The section also provides that
trailhead. application of the proposed guidelines
where existing outdoor recreation access
The term ‘‘trail’’ is defined as a route to pedestrian use trails.
routes, beach access routes, and picnic
that is designed, constructed, or The definition used in these proposed and camping facilities are altered, each
designated for recreational pedestrian guidelines is not the only definition altered element or space must comply
use or provided as a pedestrian used by trail designers and managers. with the applicable requirements of
alternative to vehicular routes within a Rather, it was developed to specifically Chapter T2. Additionally, an alteration
transportation system. define the scope of these guidelines. is prohibited from decreasing or having
A trail designed, constructed, or Additionally, it is intended that trails the effect of decreasing the level of
designated for pedestrian use may also and side trails leading to elements accessibility below the requirements for
have other uses, such as bicycling or in- related to the trail, such as campsites new construction or imposing a
line skating. It is recognized that and restrooms, should meet the requirement for accessibility greater
pedestrians use all trails. However, accessibility guidelines for trails, not than that required for new construction.
these guidelines apply only to trails outdoor recreation access routes. Exception 1 addresses the circulation
where travel on foot is one of the The term ‘‘tread width’’ is defined as path to an altered element or space.
designated uses for which the trail was the width of the usable trail tread Where the circulation path to the altered
created. For example, a trail designated measured perpendicular to the direction element or space is not altered, an
for mountain biking will not be of travel and on or parallel to the surface outdoor recreation access route is not
considered a ‘‘pedestrian trail’’ whether of the usable trail tread. The minimum required.
or not pedestrians actually use the trail. clear tread width is the narrowest Exception 2 addresses altered picnic
However, a multi-use trail specifically measurement on the usable trail tread and camping elements. Where picnic or
designed and designated for hiking and with respect to a specific trail segment. camping elements are altered and the
bicycling would be considered a Clear tread width differs from clear ground surface is not, the ground
pedestrian trail. Trails include, but are width in that the latter is the amount of surface is not required to comply with
not limited to, a trail through a forested land potentially available for the trail. provisions for clear space, surface slope,
park, a shared-use path, or a back and accessible surfaces.
Chapter T2: Scoping Requirements

country trail. Trails do not include
pathways such as sidewalks, pathways Chapter T2 contains scoping T203 Trails
in amusement parks, commercial theme provisions that specify which elements This section requires that where trails
parks, carnivals, or between buildings and spaces are required to comply with connect to designated trailheads or
on college campuses. These exterior the technical requirements in Chapters accessible trails, they shall comply with
accessible routes are already covered by T3 and T4. T303. Where elements or spaces are
provided on trails complying with T303, trails, such as paved urban and defines four conditions where trail
they shall comply with the applicable suburban transportation routes, should construction projects can depart from
requirements of Chapter T2. usually be accessible. But the committee the technical provisions. This departure
Committee members were concerned could not agree on the types of trails, is allowed for the duration of the
about the application of these proposed other than the type mentioned above, existence of the condition, or unless the
accessibility guidelines to new and that should be accessible and to what condition is such that it makes it
altered trails connecting to portions of percent. The committee determined that impractical to make the remainder of
existing trails. They were concerned this approach would be too arbitrary the trail accessible.
about the development of newly and too difficult to follow. When designed and constructed, an
constructed trails connecting to an • Requiring a percentage of the total accessible trail is a trail that meets the
existing trail, where it was highly number of trails to be accessible. The technical provisions included within
unlikely that the existing portion could committee could not agree on a these proposed guidelines. It is also
ever be made accessible. They were percentage. A significant issue was the considered accessible where one of the
specifically concerned about newly difficulty in separating existing trails exceptions within the technical
constructed and altered trails in the and new trails when determining the provisions is used to address a specific
‘‘middle of nowhere’’. To address this total number of trails. condition. This is limited to certain
concern, section T203 clarifies that the • Dividing trails into different exceptions, and does not include those
technical provisions apply only to categories (i.e., front country and back that allow for departure from the entire
newly designed and constructed trails, country) and requiring certain provision based on the conditions in
and altered portions of an existing trail accessibility guidelines to be followed. T302.
that connects to an accessible trail or a The committee could not agree on the
categories, nor could it agree that a trail T204 Outdoor Recreation Access
designated trailhead. Where new trails
in one category would always be Route
connect to an existing trail that is not
accessible, the technical provisions do different than a trail in another category. An outdoor recreation access route is
not apply. Additionally, the technical A concern was that only ‘‘easy’’ trails a continuous unobstructed path
provisions do not apply where the new would be made accessible, thereby designated for pedestrian use that
or altered portion is not connected to a eliminating the ability for people with connects accessible elements within a
designated trailhead. disabilities to use more difficult trails. picnic area, camping area, or designated
Section T203 also requires elements • Requiring a certain level of access trailhead. Outdoor recreation access
provided on trails to comply with the dependent on the location of the trail in routes do not include pathways such as
applicable requirements of Chapters T2 terms of the type of setting (i.e., highly sidewalks, pathways in amusement
and T3. For example, if a bench is developed, moderately developed, or parks, visitor centers, commercial theme
provided along a trail complying with minimally developed). Definitions must parks, or carnivals and between
T303, the bench must meet the be agreed to and understood by the buildings on college campuses already
applicable provisions of T313. Where trails community, people with addressed by the Architectural Barriers
elements are provided along trails, they disabilities, and land management Act Accessibility Guidelines issued in
are not required to be connected by an agencies that are a part of the Federal 2004.
outdoor recreation access route. government. The committee could not Outdoor recreation access routes are
Question 14: Where trails are not find acceptable definitions for a required to connect elements required to
accessible, the committee could not ‘‘settings’’ approach. be accessible. For example, where a
agree on whether elements such as Committee members evaluated each cooking grill and a picnic table are
benches, picnic tables, or toilet rooms approach through extensive discussion provided in an accessible camp site, the
located on a trail should be required to and analysis. Within each proposal, the outdoor recreation access route is
be accessible. For example, an element committee weighed the balance between required to connect these elements.
such as a picnic table may be located on accessibility and the uniqueness of the Elements such as benches or picnic
a trail too steep to be accessible. The outdoor environment. Trails are often tables located along a trail, however, are
committee considered how future and designed for a certain experience, or for not required to be connected by an
existing technology will allow assistive the user or types of use within the outdoor recreation access route.
devices to get over more difficult setting. Primitive or back country trails At least one outdoor recreation access
terrain. The committee discussed for example, are usually found in route must connect accessible elements
options to minimize scoping (e.g., one of remote locations or in a natural state and spaces within the area. Five
each element) requirements or limit the with limited development. Throughout exceptions are added to this provision.
requirement to certain elements such as the discussions, committee members Elements located on trails are not
sanitary facilities. Should elements were concerned that providing access required to be connected by an outdoor
located on inaccessible trails be would change the experience or result recreation access route. Where multiple
required to be accessible? in a significant environmental impact. picnic tables, fire rings, cooking surfaces
The committee considered many Even providing accessible trails in a or benches are provided, at least 40
different approaches to developing highly developed setting raised percent (of the accessible elements), but
accessibility guidelines for newly concerns that all trails would begin to not less than two, must be located along
constructed and altered trails. Each look alike. Committee members did not an outdoor recreation access route. For
approach balanced accessibility with want the proposed guidelines to impede example, if ten picnic tables are
the uniqueness of the outdoor the creativity of planners or designers. provided in a picnic area, T206.2.2
environment. The following are As this discussion evolved, some requires five tables to be accessible. Of
examples of the approaches considered concerns common to each approach the five tables required to be accessible,
for trails throughout the committee’s arose regarding the potential impact on 40 percent, or two, would need to be
deliberations. the natural environment. The committee located along an outdoor recreation
• Requiring a percentage of the miles attempted to clarify and define these access route.
of trails provided to be accessible. Using concerns so that all involved could In the outdoor recreation
this approach, it was agreed that some agree. The result is that section T302 environment, the natural terrain often
presents a real obstacle. Although this access routes in T305. Comment is committee believed that requiring a
would not affect the accessibility of sought about whether there are any permanent structure was far too
elements such as picnic tables and fire other situations for which site restrictive from a design or
rings, it could impact getting to them. infeasibility would preclude compliance environmental perspective. In
The committee realized that in many with the technical provisions for a particular, constraints of the
areas, it might not be possible to locate beach access route. If so, are there environment may limit or preclude the
all accessible elements along an outdoor specific technical provisions (T305) construction of permanent structures.
recreation access route. Rather than where departures may be necessary due Permanent structures may also require
decreasing the number of accessible to site constraints? additional permits in coastal and
elements, the decision was made to Section T205.3 addresses beach shoreline areas. Wave action can also
reduce the scoping for outdoor access routes for an existing beach. cause significant erosion which can
recreation access route connections. Where a pedestrian route is provided shortly turn a permanent structure into
While some committee members wanted from a developed site to the edge of an a hazard. Therefore, entities can choose
all accessible elements to be located existing beach surface, a beach access to use a temporary structure for
along an outdoor recreation access route must be provided. This provision administrative and operational reasons.
route, other committee members felt addresses a situation when an entity Vehicular access or access provided by
that would be unrealistic in the outdoor decides to construct a pedestrian route an assistive device would not meet the
environment given constraints of the which is used by everyone to access a technical provisions of a beach access
natural terrain. The committee finally beach. In that situation, the action will route. While these options may enhance
reached consensus on requiring 40 trigger an obligation to address access access to the beach for persons with
percent of the accessible elements to be for persons with disabilities. The disabilities, they are not considered
located along the outdoor recreation committee did not limit the obligation alternatives to providing a beach access
access route. to only when an entity constructs a path route. The committee intended that
perpendicular to a beach edge because temporary beach access routes be in
T205 Beach Access Routes few such paths are developed. The place during all hours where the public
Section T205.2 addresses the location committee also intended to include has access to the beach.
of beach access routes. Beach access pedestrian sidewalks or boardwalks Exception 2 exempts routes created
routes shall coincide with or be located along the beach as ‘‘pedestrian routes’’ solely for shoreline maintenance from
in the same area as general circulation to the edge of an ‘‘existing beach.’’ complying with T205. The committee
paths. Question 17: The committee recommended exempting those routes
The proposed accessibility guidelines considered beach sites where which are strictly established for
for beaches include two scoping constructed parking spaces or a parking shoreline maintenance personnel,
provisions. Section T205.2 addresses lot is provided adjoining the beach. particularly if accessed by a vehicle.
new beaches and section T205.3 Should the provision of constructed Exception 3 exempts routes created
addresses existing beaches. A ‘‘new parking spaces adjoining the beach, solely as undeveloped public easements
beach’’ refers to sites where a beach is trigger a beach access route? If so, from complying with section T205. The
created through the importation of sand should the trigger be based on the committee recommended an exemption
or other beach surface to create a new number of parking spaces or some other if a ‘‘route’’ is merely an open public
beach where none previously existed. measure? easement and right of way, an
The proposed guidelines treat ‘‘new The committee discussed several undeveloped space or opening created
beaches’’ differently from ‘‘existing options and decided that the obligation between developments where a
beaches’’. A beach access route is to provide a beach access route over the developer leaves space open under the
required in new construction. The surface of the beach would be triggered requirements of State or local laws for
committee agreed that the opportunity when a pedestrian access route to the shoreline access.
to provide access is greater with a newly edge of the beach surface is provided. Exception 4 exempts a beach access
constructed beach. The committee also The committee recognized that this route from being required where another
considered the option of a scoping would obligate an entity to extend a beach access route exists within one-
requirement based upon the volume of path further than they might have half mile and is within the beach of the
new beach created, but due to the originally intended. However, the same jurisdiction. The committee
difficulty in measuring a changing committee felt strongly that a developed recommended that if a beach access
volume of sand, did not include that path which ends at the edge of the route already exists to the beach in close
option. beach surface would be of little use to proximity, there should be no
Section T205.2 requires that where a a person with a disability who wishes requirement to create another beach
new beach is constructed, a minimum of to traverse the beach itself. They also access route. The committee considered
one beach access route must be believed that this requirement was one-half mile to be a reasonable distance
provided for every one half mile of reasonable since the provision allows so long as the existing beach route is
linear feet of new beach. The committee the beach access route to be either served by the same beach. This is
considered that one half mile was a temporary or permanent. Designers and similar to the philosophy that all
reasonable distance between beach operators can decide the type of route entrances into the same building do not
access routes on a new beach. appropriate given the different have to be accessible. The one-half mile
Question 15: Comment is sought on environments. The committee is also consistent with the requirement
the impact of constructing a beach determined that the beach route would for scoping for a second route with
access route every 1⁄2 mile along a new be required to the same point construction of a new beach.
beach. If this distance is not appropriate for an ocean, river, lake, or Exception 5 distinguishes beach
appropriate, other specific distances are reservoir. replenishment from alterations.
requested. Several exceptions are permitted for Nourishment is the process of
Question 16: The committee outlined routes on existing beaches. Exception 1 replenishing a beach. While it can occur
several exceptions to the application of permits the use of a ‘‘temporary’’ beach naturally with the depositing of sand
the technical provisions for beach access route where one is required. The from wave action, it is more commonly
accomplished artificially by accommodate the demand for accessible linear feet would require four
mechanically depositing sand on the tables. Committee members considered wheelchair spaces, and so on.
beach. A beach may completely erode this to be realistic and feasible for most
T207 Fire Rings
before it is artificially nourished, or it outdoor recreation providers, and would
may be nourished on a periodic result in a higher number of accessible Section T207.2.1 requires that where
schedule to maintain the desired tables in smaller picnic areas. only one fire ring is provided in an area,
amount of beach for use or to act as a The proposed scoping provision it must be accessible.
barrier for adjoining buildings and addresses picnic tables located in an Section T207.2.2 requires that where
facilities. Exception 5 permits the ‘‘area.’’ An ‘‘area’’ refers to a designated two or more fire rings are provided in
process of beach nourishment without location where picnic related elements an area, at least 50 percent, but not less
triggering the alteration provision. The are located. For instance, a picnic than 2, must be accessible.
committee did not believe that such ‘‘area’’ is a designated location where Section T207.3 requires that the
activities should trigger any obligations picnic related elements are located. accessible fire rings be located
for a beach access route over the surface Areas may be separated and include throughout an area and be dispersed
of the beach. different settings on the same site. For among the types of fire rings, if different
Question 18: Comment is sought on example, a picnic area located next to a styles or designs are provided. For
whether there is a need to distinguish lake in a park is considered a separate example, a picnic area may provide fire
between certain beach nourishment picnic area from a pavilion with rings without cooking surfaces (i.e., for
projects. Should certain beach numerous picnic tables within the same camp fires only) and some with cooking
nourishment activities or projects trigger park. Picnic ‘‘areas’’ may also be surfaces. In addition, the area may offer
the requirements of a beach access separated and designated by a name or sites nestled in the trees, some near the
route? If so, how should these projects connected to a separate entrance road. water, and others in open meadows.
be identified or defined? This section would require that
Section T206.3 requires accessible
Exception 6 provides an exception accessible fire rings be available in both
tables to be dispersed among the various
where the pedestrian route which is types and distributed among the
types of picnic settings or opportunities
developed along the edge of an existing different sites, affording people with
provided. For example, a particular
beach is elevated higher than 6 inches disabilities the similar choice of fire ring
picnic area may offer picnic sites near
above the beach surface. This exception location that is available to other
the lake, in the woods, or in the open
is intended to address those situations visitors. This provision does not require
sunny portion of the area. This
where a lengthy pedestrian route such an increase in the total number of
provision requires that the number of
as a sidewalk fronts the length of a accessible fire rings.
accessible tables be distributed
beach and the route is elevated higher
throughout the area, so that people with T208 Cooking Surfaces, Grills, and
than 6 inches. The committee
disabilities would have a choice of Pedestal Grills
recognized that those areas would be
picnic locations similar to what other Section T208.2.1 requires that where
drop-offs where the creation of a beach
visitors to the area have. This section only one cooking surface, grill, or
access route would require 6 feet of
would not increase the total number of pedestal grill is provided in an area, it
ramp to be constructed to meet the
accessible tables required in T206.2. shall comply with section T308. Section
beach surface.
Section T206.4 addresses wheelchair T208.2.2 requires that where multiple
T206 Picnic Tables spaces and requires at least one cooking surfaces, grills, or pedestal
Section T206.2.1 requires that where wheelchair space at an accessible picnic grills are provided in an area, 50
one fixed picnic table is provided in a table. Where the table top perimeter percent, but not less than two, shall
picnic area, it must be accessible. The exceeds 24 linear feet, the number of comply with T308. The rationale for this
table must also be located along an wheelchair spaces must comply with provision is consistent with picnic
outdoor recreation access route. This Table T206.4. More wheelchair spaces tables (T206), fire rings (T207) and other
provision is included in order to ensure would be required where the perimeter outdoor elements.
that a picnic area with only one table is of the table top (not including the Section T208.3 requires accessible
accessible to and usable by people with bench) exceeded 24 linear feet. The cooking surfaces, grills, and pedestal
disabilities. If only one table is location of the wheelchair space(s) grills to be dispersed throughout the
provided, and it is not accessible, would be left to the discretion of the area and among the types provided. For
people with disabilities would not have designer, although an advisory note example, if a picnic area offers different
the option of choosing another table. (T306.2) recommends that the types of cooking surfaces, the total
This provision applies only to picnic wheelchair spaces be dispersed rather number of accessible cooking surfaces is
tables that are ‘‘fixed’’ to the ground, than clustered in one location. to be distributed among the different
(i.e., permanently attached such as by a Committee members discussed the types provided. This provision would
chain from the table to a concrete issue of wheelchair spaces at length, not increase the number of cooking
footing below ground). finally basing the number of spaces on surfaces, grills, or pedestal grills
Section T206.2.2 requires that where an average table dimensioned at ten-feet required to be accessible.
two or more picnic tables are provided long by 2 and one half feet wide. Such
in a picnic area, at least 50 percent, but a table has a perimeter of 25 linear feet T209 Trash and Recycling Containers
no less than two, must be accessible. and is designed to accommodate up to Section 209.1 requires each trash or
Some committee members initially ten people. The committee decided recycling container to be accessible. The
proposed 100 percent scoping, requiring tables of that size should provide two committee considered this to be a health
all tables to be accessible. Other wheelchair spaces, while smaller tables issue making it imperative that each
members considered 100 percent too should only require one space. Tables container meet the provisions for
high and more than what is required for with a perimeter of 45 to 64 linear feet accessibility. This requirement is
the built environment. After much (i.e., two ten-foot long tables joined compatible with those for other singly
debate, committee members agreed that together) would require three occurring elements in an outdoor
50 percent scoping would adequately wheelchair spaces. Tables with 65 to 84 setting, as well as providing consistency
with the Architectural Barriers Act consistent with the Architectural committee believed that where storage
Accessibility Guidelines. An exemption Barriers Act Accessibility Guidelines facilities are provided to protect from
is provided where the container has one and with the other elements of this environmental effects or theft or
or more compartments. In this case, 50 section. The single bench must have at vandalism, at least one storage facility
percent of the compartments must be least one armrest to facilitate its use. must comply with T315.
accessible. The committee determined The committee recognized that
benches, when provided, are key T216 Pit Toilets
that this requirement would assure the
user of finding at least one accessible elements in many outdoor settings, such Pit toilets are very primitive
compartment in a multi-bin container. as picnic areas or day use areas. They outhouses, and may consist simply of
are used for a variety of purposes, holes dug in the ground covered by a
T210 Wood Stoves and Fireplaces including places of rest or relaxation, toilet riser. The riser may or may not be
Section T210.1 requires each wood meeting spots, and places from which to surrounded by walls and a roof. Pit
stove and fireplace to be accessible. view events such as sporting activities. toilets are generally located in remote,
Whatever the use, the committee undeveloped areas, and are provided
T211 Overlooks and Viewing Areas
determined that the bench or benches, primarily for resource protection rather
Section T211.1 requires each viewing where provided, should be accessible. than visitor convenience and comfort.
area, where provided, on designated However, benches that are part of an Pit toilets may be permanent
overlooks to be accessible. assembly area are not addressed and are installations, or may be moved from one
Overlooks and viewing areas are not required to meet these provisions. location to another as the hole is filled.
specifically designed and constructed to Section T213.2.2 requires that where These provisions apply to fixed pit
provide an unobstructed observation of multiple fixed benches are placed in an toilets.
a vista or to a specific point of interest, area, at least 50 percent must be Section T216.1 requires each fixed pit
such as the view to a mountain range or accessible. This assures the visitor that toilet to be accessible, since usually
down into a valley or to a waterfall or there will be at least one bench available only one pit toilet is provided in an
geologic formation. As such, they are a which is accessible. Further, of the area. This scoping is consistent with
destination for the user and should be benches that are required to be what would be required for other
accessible. An exception permits a accessible, 50 percent must provide an individually occurring elements.
minimum of one of each viewing armrest. The committee felt that visitors
opportunity for distinct points of T217 Utilities
should be provided with a choice of
interest where multiple viewing areas bench configurations that will Section T217.1 requires utilities such
are provided. accommodate different needs. An as electric, water, sewage, and other
armrest provides support when similar types of utilities serving
T212 Telescopes and Periscopes accessible elements or spaces to also be
occupying the bench and assists in
Section T212.1 requires that when transfer to or from the bench. accessible.
telescopes or periscopes are provided, Section T213.3 requires dispersal of
20 percent, but never less than one, T218 Camping
accessible benches. This provision does
telescope or periscope must be not require an increase in the total Section T218.2 requires camping
accessible. Where only one telescope or number of accessible benches. The spaces (e.g., recreational camping
periscope is provided, it must be usable dispersion of accessible benches vehicle or trailer spaces, tent camping
from the seated position and also be throughout an area provides for a spaces, camping shelters, or tent pads
usable from the standing position. This variety of settings and is consistent with and tent platforms), where provided, to
configuration will provide accessibility other provisions in the Architectural be accessible in accordance with Table
and usability. Barriers Act Accessibility Guidelines. T218.2. Table T218.2 provides the
Viewing areas or overlooks are number of accessible camping spaces
sometimes equipped with mounted T214 Utility Sinks and is based on the total number of
telescopes and less often with A utility sink is a sink that has a spaces provided.
periscopes. The purpose of these vertical dimension deeper within the Modifications were made to the
elements is to provide the visitor with confines of the sink than a standard existing transient lodging scoping in the
an even closer view of a distinct point lavatory basin, and allows the user of a Architectural Barriers Act Accessibility
of interest (rather than a vista). picnic area or campground setting to Guidelines to create higher numbers of
Many existing sites only provide clean large pots or equipment. accessible camping spaces in the low
scopes usable from a standing position. Section T214.1 requires that where range and more accessible campsites in
This does not accommodate the needs of utility sinks are provided, at least 5 each of the three basic camping styles.
people using wheelchairs, children, or percent, but not less than one, must be Each camping style category must
people of shorter stature. The committee accessible. achieve the proper scoping
made specific mention of children when independently of the others.
T215 Mobility Device Storage The proposed scoping provisions
discussing scopes, based on experiences
Facilities require higher accessibility where lower
of having to lift children to use scopes.
Lifting may not be possible for people The committee addressed the need for numbers of features are provided. This
with back difficulty or insufficient storage space for mobility devices was extensively debated among
strength. primarily where an individual using a committee members and is intended to
wheelchair or other mobility device address the higher probability of
T213 Benches must transfer to another device or utilization where low numbers of
Section T213.2.1 requires that where vehicle in order to take advantage of the elements are provided. As an example,
only one bench is provided, the bench services or programs offered at the the chance of two picnic tables being
must be accessible. The committee felt outdoor facility. A ski facility where occupied at the same time and place is
that it was important that where only a individuals may use an adaptive ski to much higher than five picnic tables
single bench is provided, it must be participate, is an example where this being occupied at the same time, even
usable by all visitors. This is generally type of element may be provided. The though the demand may increase
proportionately to the number of tables bars and a seat) may not be applicable T302 Conditions for Exceptions
offered. for an outdoor shower stall or rinsing
This section divides campsites into shower typically found at a beach or at Section T302 sets out four conditions
three categories: Recreational Camping camping facilities. Outdoor rinsing under which exceptions from certain
Vehicle or Trailer Spaces, Tent Spaces, showers are not typically designed with technical provisions are permitted. Each
and Camping Shelters and Additional walls like other showers in the built technical provision must be examined
Campground Spaces. Campsite use environment. Therefore, the committee individually to determine whether an
requires specific equipment and a recommended that specifications for an exception from that provision is
specially designed area may not be permitted. This section does not provide
outdoor shower be developed. In order
suitable for every use. For example, if an overall exemption of the entire trail
to distinguish this type of shower from
someone comes prepared to use a tent, or outdoor element. When an exception
those already addressed, the committee
they may not be able to use a paved is permitted, the proposed guidelines
used the term ‘‘outdoor rinsing shower’’.
recreational camping vehicle site. specifically provide an exception to the
An advisory note has been added to
Section T218.2 also addresses other respective technical provision. This is
further identify what is considered a essential as the outdoor environment is
camping elements provided in rinsing shower.
accessible camping spaces. To ensure very different than a constructed indoor
usability, all elements that are provided Section T220.2 addresses the environment. Factors which influence
as a part of an accessible campsite must minimum number of accessible outdoor the ability to provide fully accessible
meet the applicable provisions of rinsing showers. The committee facilities such as soil, surrounding
Chapters T2 and T3. All elements examined several ways to scope vegetation, hydrology, terrain, and
provided in accessible campsites must showers, considering a percentage surface characteristics, are fundamental
be accessible. formula, a chart similar to parking or to the outdoor area. Where trails are
Section T218.2.1 requires recreational telephones, and a minimum number. concerned, the committee recognized
vehicle spaces or trailer spaces to Because the committee ultimately that without the opportunity to permit
comply with Table T218.2. An recommended two types of outdoor exceptions from the technical
exception is included where camping rinsing showers, a low and high version, provisions, compliance may
spaces are designed for both tent the committee recommended that a significantly alter the nature of the
camping and recreational camping minimum number, one of each type, be outdoor experience.
vehicle or camping trailer use. In this accessible where rinsing showers are The conditions in T302 do not obviate
case, at least 50 percent of the accessible provided. If only one is provided, it or limit in any way the obligation to
multi-use spaces must be 20 feet wide must be a dual shower. comply with the technical provisions in
minimum and the remainder are Chapter T3 at any point where the
T221 Signs
permitted to be reduced to 16 feet wide conditions do not apply. When the
minimum. Section T221.1 requires signs on condition for an exception no longer
Section T218.2.2 requires that where accessible trails and trail segments to be exists, the technical provisions apply.
camping spaces are designed for use for designated with a symbol at the trail For example, the clear width of a trail
tent camping and camping shelters, head or designated access points. tread may be reduced because of a
accessible tent and camping shelter significant natural feature. Once the trail
spaces shall comply with T318.2.2, Section T221.2 requires signs on
accessible campsites by using the passes this feature, the technical
T318.2.4, and T318.3. provisions for width shall apply. This
Section T218.3 addresses general use International Symbol of Accessibility
(ISA). Identification of accessible approach also applies when designing
parking areas. Where recreational certain outdoor elements also included
camping vehicle spaces or trailer spaces campsites by the ISA was determined to
be necessary where campsite occupancy in this section. The conditions that
are provided, at least one must comply permit exception from specific technical
with T318.2.3 and T318.2.4. Accessible and site selection is made by users and
is based on a first come, first served provisions are described below.
recreational camping vehicle spaces or
trailer spaces in general parking areas basis. To accommodate campground Condition 1. Compliance Would Cause
are necessary to accommodate short- operations that assign sites either Substantial Harm to Cultural, Historic,
term parking needs. The exception through a reservation service or upon Religious, or Significant Natural
separates campsite parking from general arrival, the ISA is not required and an Features or Characteristics
parking. This requirement provides a exception is provided to accommodate
special recreational camping vehicle this distinction. It was determined that A significant natural feature may
parking space in addition to the current site assignment would create better include a large rock, outcrop, tree, or a
Architectural Barriers Act Accessibility utilization of accessible sites than the water feature which would block or
Guideline scoping for parking areas. use of ISA signage. Signage is also not interfere with trail construction or
required where all sites are accessible. would be directly or indirectly altered
T219 Warming Huts or destroyed by construction of the trail
Section T219.1 requires each warming T222 Protruding Objects to the extent that the trail could not, at
hut to have a turning space that that point, be made accessible. This
Section T222.1 requires protruding includes areas protected under Federal
complies with T402. Where doors are objects on trails, outdoor recreation
provided, they must comply with T408. or State laws, such as areas with
access routes, and beach access routes to threatened or endangered species or
T220 Outdoor Rinsing Showers comply with T405 and to have 80 designated wetlands that could be
Section T220 addresses outdoor inches minimum clear head room. threatened or destroyed by full
rinsing showers. The committee Chapter T3 Technical Provisions compliance with the technical
recognized that provisions for shower provisions. It also includes areas where
stalls already existed. However, the Chapter T3 contains technical compliance would directly or indirectly
provisions are clearly intended for provisions for features required to be substantially harm natural habitat or
indoor facilities. Some provisions (grab accessible in Chapter T2. vegetation.
Significant cultural features include surface and obstacles, could destroy the along with water content. If compliance
areas such as archaeological sites, ‘‘natural’’ or ‘‘undeveloped’’ nature of requires techniques that conflict with
sacred lands, burial grounds and the setting. This condition addresses the natural drainage or existing soil, the
cemeteries, and Indian tribal protected these concerns. trail would be difficult, if not
sites. Significant historical features impossible to maintain. This condition
Condition 3. Compliance Would
include properties on or eligible for the may also apply where construction
Require Construction Methods or
National Register of Historic Places or methods for particularly difficult terrain
Materials That Are Prohibited by
other places of recognized historic or the presence of an obstacle would
Federal, State, or Local Regulations or
value. Significant religious features require the use of equipment other than
Statutes
include Indian sacred sites and other that typically used throughout the
properties designated or held sacred by Federally designated and some State length of the trail. One example is
an organized religious belief or church. designated Wilderness Areas prohibit requiring the use of a bulldozer to
use of mechanized equipment, limiting remove a rock outcropping when hand
Condition 2. Compliance Would construction methods to hand tools. tools are commonly used.
Substantially Alter the Nature of the Imported materials may be prohibited in Several of these conditions for
Setting or the Purpose of the Facility, or order to maintain the integrity of the departures are consistent with other
Portion of the Facility natural ecosystem. Construction exceptions for trails. For example, it
This condition includes trails methods and materials employed in may be impracticable in new
intended to provide a rugged experience designated wetlands or coastal areas are construction to follow these provisions
such as a cross country training trail also strictly limited. For traditional, where soil and terrain pose obstacles
with a steep grade or a challenge course historic, or other reasons, many trails which cannot be remedied. Compliance
with abrupt and severe changes in level. are built using only the native soil for with the provision for a firm and stable
If these types of trails were flattened out surfacing, which may not be firm and surface might conflict with the
or otherwise constructed to comply with stable. Federal statutes such as the prevailing construction practices by
the technical provisions for accessible Wilderness Act and the Endangered requiring the importation of a new
trails, they would not provide the Species Act, and State and local statutes surfacing material that would otherwise
intended and desired level of challenge often impose restrictions to protect or not have been used. For example, if the
and difficulty to users. Trails that address environmental concerns. Many prevailing construction practices would
traverse over boulders and rocky aquatic features are protected under not include the importation of a new
outcrops, are another example. The Federal or State laws. Some constructed surface material and the natural surface
purpose of such trails is to provide water crossings, which would be material could not be made firm and
people with the opportunity to climb required to provide accessibility, may stable, the trail may not be able to
the rocks. To remove the obstacles along not be permitted under certain laws or comply with that specific provision.
the way or reroute the trail around the regulations. The term ‘‘not feasible’’ is used in this
rocks would destroy the purpose of the ‘‘Local regulations and statutes’’ have situation to specify what is ‘‘reasonably
trail. The nature of the setting may also been included to address conditions doable’’. It does not refer to the
be compromised by actions such as where ‘‘conservation easements’’ or technical feasibility or possibility of full
widening a trail through the use of ‘‘development rights’’ programs have compliance with the technical
imported surfaces in a remote location prohibited or restricted construction provisions. For example, it may be
or removing ground vegetation in methods and practices. For example, feasible to provide a trail with a 1:20
meadows or alpine areas. where land is purchased from farms, slope or less up a 1,500 foot tall
Trails and other outdoor elements certain use restrictions may prohibit the mountain using heavy construction
such as picnic and camping areas are importation of surfacing. On the other equipment, but the trail would be at
designed to provide a particular hand, local regulations or statutes may least 5.8 miles long (rather than 2 miles
opportunity for the user. Throughout not be developed or initiated with the long under a traditional back-country
the discussions regarding these outdoor sole purpose of prohibiting use by layout), and may cause inappropriate
elements, many committee members people with disabilities. For example, environmental and visual impacts. The
were concerned that complying with the initiating a new local regulation that intent of this conditional departure is to
technical provisions could change the arbitrarily restricts trail width to a recognize that the effort and resources
nature of some recreation opportunities. dimension that would not allow passage required to comply would not be
Further, compliance could negatively of wheelchairs or other mobility devices disproportionately high relative to the
impact the unique characteristics of the from accessing a trail, is not permitted level of access created. Although
natural setting, the reasons why people under this condition. technically feasible, the effort and
choose to recreate in the outdoors rather resources required are not ‘‘reasonable.’’
than an indoor environment. People Condition 4. Compliance Would Not Be Trail construction practices vary
using primitive trails or camping areas, Feasible Due to Terrain or the Prevailing greatly, from the use of volunteer labor
for example, often experience the Construction Practices and hand tools, to professional
outdoor environment in a more natural Complying with the technical construction with heavy, mechanized
state with limited or no development. provisions, particularly running slope, equipment. For alterations to an existing
Evidence of manufactured building in areas of steep terrain may require trail, the ‘‘prevailing construction
materials or engineered construction extensive cuts or fills that would be practices’’ are defined as the methods
techniques in such a setting can change difficult to construct and maintain, or typically used for construction or
its primitive character, and therefore, cause drainage and erosion problems. maintenance of the trail. For new trails,
the user’s experience. In these settings, Also, in order to construct a trail on it is recognized that the land manager
people are generally looking for a higher some steep slopes, a trail may become determines the construction practices to
degree of challenge and risk where they significantly longer causing a much be used on each trail. However, the
can use their outdoors and survival greater impact on the environment. choice of construction practices is
skills. Compliance with the technical Certain soils are highly susceptible to primarily determined by the available
provisions, particularly those related to erosion. Other soils expand and contract resources (e.g., machinery, skilled
operators, finances) and the The general exceptions are based on sphere. Elongated openings must be
environmental conditions (e.g., soil type these conditions: placed so that the long dimension is
and depth, vegetation, natural slope). • The combination of running slope perpendicular or diagonal to the
The intent of this condition is to ensure and cross slope exceeds 40 percent for dominant direction of travel. Exception
that compliance with the technical over 20 feet; or, 1 permits elongated openings to be
provisions does not require the use of • A trail obstacle 30 inches or more parallel to the dominant direction of
construction practices which are above in height is across the full tread width travel where the opening does not
and beyond the skills and resources of of the trail; or, permit passage of a 1⁄4 inch diameter
the trail building organization. It is not • The surface is neither firm nor sphere. This is necessary to allow trail
intended to automatically exempt a trail stable for a distance of 45 feet or more; managers to place boards lengthwise
from the technical provisions simply or, along a boardwalk trail to reduce the
because of a particular construction • A clear trail width is less than 12 environmental impact such as on a
practice, (e.g., the use of hand tools or inches for a distance of 20 feet or more; wetland area. Exception 2 permits
to suggest that hand tools should be or openings that do not permit passage of
used to avoid compliance) when more • The trail is not required to comply a 3⁄4 inch diameter sphere where at least
expedient methods and resources are with any of the technical provisions in one of the conditions in T302 applies.
available. T303 for more than 15 percent of the Exception 3 exempts trails from the
length of the trail. provisions of T303.5 where openings
Where specified, the presence of the The 15 percent threshold in the last that do not permit passage of a 3⁄4 inch
conditions in T302 may also prevent condition is a compromise, negotiated diameter sphere are not feasible because
full compliance with some of the to balance the resources and at least one of the four conditions in
technical provisions for elements in environmental impact with the T302 apply.
picnic, camping, and beach facilities. practicality of providing meaningful A 3⁄4 inch spacing is permitted
While the conditions for departures may access on trails. The committee through an exception since many trails
be more limited with these outdoor recommends that trail designers and use wood plank decking or boardwalks
elements, the committee included the managers attempt compliance with all to cross wet, sandy, rocky, or
option for exceptions based on the technical provisions throughout the full environmentally sensitive areas. The
conditions in several provisions. In length of the trail. planks expand and contract because of
most cases, these are limited to Section T303.3 requires the surface of weather conditions. The boardwalks
technical provisions for clear floor or accessible trails to be firm and stable. may need more than 1⁄2 inch spacing
ground space, surface slope, and The ‘‘slip resistance’’ requirement between the planks to permit expansion
accessible surfacing. typically required for accessible surfaces and to allow water to drain.
Where designers or operators apply an was not included because slip resistance Section T303.6 requires that any tread
exception from a specific technical cannot be guaranteed in an outdoor obstacles shall not exceed 2 inches
provision because of one or more of the environment. Weather conditions (rain, maximum in height. Exception 1
conditions, the other technical snow, or ice) will affect slip resistance. permits a 3 inch obstacle where the
provisions should be applied. For For example, natural or non-hardened running and cross slopes are 1:20 or
example, a significant cultural feature surfaces may not be slip resistant. Slip less. Exception 2 permits obstacles
may prohibit a 36 inch trail tread width. resistance may also be difficult to greater than 3 inches where at least one
However, all other provisions could be control when leaves and other surface of the conditions in T302 applies. The
met because they would not be affected debris caused by natural erosion committee recognized that natural
by the condition. accumulate on the surface. features such as rocks, roots, and ruts
The means and materials used to may require a greater obstacle height
T303 Trails establish accessible exterior surfaces are than what is permitted in the indoor
T303.2 General Exceptions plentiful. Crushed stone, fine, packed environment. Some wheelchairs used in
soil, and other natural materials can an outdoor environment are designed to
The committee realized that there provide a firm and stable surface. handle obstacles of these heights.
may be situations where the Natural materials bonded with synthetic However, trails used by bicyclists or in-
combination of factors and conditions materials can provide the required line skaters or which serve as alternate
may make it impractical to make the degree of stability and firmness. An transportation routes for sidewalks
entire portion of the trail accessible advisory has been added to provide should be smooth with no abrupt
according to the technical provisions. additional information concerning changes in level.
Two general exceptions in section accessible exterior surfaces. An Section T303.7 requires passing space
T303.2 were developed to address these exception is permitted from this where the clear tread width of the trail
situations. First, where one or more of provision where one or more of the is less than 60 inches. Passing space is
the conditions in T302 applies and conditions in T302 exist. required at intervals of 1,000 feet
where one or more of the conditions in Section T303.4 requires the clear trail maximum. Either a T-shape or a turning
this general exception applies, the trail tread width to be 36 inches minimum. circle is permitted. An advisory states
is not required to be accessible after the Exception 1 permits the clear trail tread that the passing space may be located to
first point of departure. The segment of width to be reduced to 32 inches one side of the trail. An exception is
the trail between the designated minimum where one of the conditions permitted from this provision where
trailhead and the first point of departure in T302 applies. Exception 2 permits passing space cannot be provided
is required to be accessible unless the departures from T303.4 where a 32 inch because at least one of the four
trail segment is 500 feet or less in minimum width cannot be provided conditions in T302 exists.
length. If the trail segment connects to because one of the four conditions in The committee negotiated various
a prominent feature less than 500 feet T302 exists. intervals for passing space, ranging from
from the designated trailhead, it is Section T303.5 requires openings in 200 feet to no requirement. Those
required to be accessible between the trail surfaces to be of a size that does not favoring longer intervals or no
trailhead and the prominent feature. permit the passage of a 1⁄2 inch diameter requirement explained that the outdoor
environment often allows users to move 200 feet apart. Section T303.8.2.3 T304 Outdoor Recreation Access
off the trail tread without involving trail permits the running slope to be 1:10 Routes
construction (as opposed to being maximum for 30 feet maximum. Resting Section T304.2 requires the surface of
restricted by walls within a building). intervals must be provided at distances an outdoor recreation access route to be
There was concern about having an no greater than 30 feet apart. Section firm and stable. This is consistent with
unrealistic construction requirement in T303.8.2.4 permits the running slope to the surface provision proposed for trails
a natural setting, and concern that be 1:8 maximum for 10 feet maximum. and other outdoor elements.
requiring a constructed passing space at Resting intervals must be provided at Section T304.3 requires the clear
more frequent intervals may be distances no greater than 10 feet apart. tread width of the outdoor recreation
unnecessary where few users are on a access route to be 36 inches minimum.
Because the terrain in outdoor
trail at the same time. An advisory is An exception permits the width to be
environments is often steep, the
added recommending that trails the minimum necessary or 32 inches for
committee realized that applying slope
expected to have high use and trails a distance of 24 inches where one or
with long sections where it is not and ramp requirements was not feasible.
The proposed running slopes and more of the conditions in T302 exist.
possible to move off the trailhead (e.g., Section T304.4 addresses openings
boardwalks in a wetland) should maximum distances represent a
compromise and balances accessibility and does not permit passage of a 1⁄2 inch
consider more frequent passing spaces, diameter sphere. Elongated openings
especially close to the trailhead. with the constraints imposed by natural
topography. must be placed so that the long
Section T303.8 addresses both the
dimension is perpendicular or diagonal
cross slope and the running slope of a Question 19: Section T303.8 permits
trail. This provision was the result of to the dominant direction of travel. An
departure from the technical provisions
significant compromise among exception permits the openings to run
for cross slope with open drainage
committee members. Exception 1 parallel so long as the opening does not
structures. A cross slope up to 10
addresses open drainage structures. For permit passage of 1⁄4 inch diameter
percent is permitted at the bottom of the
open drainage structures, a running sphere.
open drain where the clear tread width Section T304.5 requires that tread
slope of 14 percent is permitted for 5 is 42 inches minimum. Are open
feet maximum with a cross slope of 1:20 obstacles not exceed 1 inch high
drainage structures the only drainage maximum. An exception permits a 2
maximum. Cross slope is permitted to structures where cross slopes up to 10
be 1:10 at the bottom of the open drain, inch high obstacle where it is beveled
percent should be permitted? If not, and where at least one of the conditions
where the clear tread width is 42 inches what other areas should be identified?
minimum. Exception 2 exempts trails in T302 applies. Tread obstacles may
from T303.8 where one or more of the The committee believed that occur where surface materials changes
conditions of T302 exist. handrails should not be required on such as asphalt surfaces leading up to a
Section T303.8.1 requires that the trails, since handrails are impractical in concrete slab.
maximum cross slope of trail segments this environment. In addition, steeper Section T304.6 requires passing space
not exceed 1:20. Committee members grades on trails are usually contiguous where the clear width of the outdoor
recognized that cross slopes, or the side- with the surrounding terrain rather than recreation access route is less than 60
to-side slope of a trail, can be difficult elevated above it as with a ramp to a inches. Passing space is required at
to traverse. At the same time, trails need building. Instead, the committee limited intervals of 200 feet maximum.
to be designed to provide sufficient the length of steep portions of trail Committee members determined that
drainage to prevent ponding and water segments and required resting intervals. outdoor recreation access routes were
damage to the trail. Non-paved surfaces Section T303.9 requires resting more like an indoor accessible route
generally require more than a minimum intervals to be 60 inches in length to than a trail. The passing space must be
of 1:50 cross slope. accommodate wheelchair users and at either a 60 inch by 60 inch space or an
Section T303.8.2 addresses the least as wide as the widest portion of intersection of two walking surfaces
maximum running slope of trail the trail segment leading to the resting which provide a T-shaped space
segments. Section T303.8.2 permits no interval. The slope of the resting complying with T402.1.2, provided that
more than 30 percent of the total trail the arms and stem of the T-shaped space
interval must not exceed 1:20 in any
length to exceed a 1:12 slope. The extend at least 48 inches beyond the
direction. An advisory recommends that
committee debated various slope ratios intersection. An exception permits the
the resting interval may be located to
for this provision. Committee members passing spaces to be at intervals not to
one side of the trail to allow other users
advocating steeper slopes were exceed 300 feet. This was added to
to pass. An exception exempts trails
concerned that requiring unrealistic address settings where it may not be
from this technical provision where one
slopes in natural areas could possible to provide passing space within
of the conditions in T302 exists.
significantly alter the natural terrain. a 200 foot minimum interval, such as
Members advocating less slopes were Section T303.10 does not require edge environmentally sensitive areas.
concerned that steeper slopes would not protection on accessible trails. However, Section T304.7.1 addresses the cross
be accessible, and could be a potential where edge protection is provided, the slope of an outdoor recreation access
safety hazard. height must be a minimum of 3 inches. route and permits a 1:33 maximum
This section requires that trails Natural trail surfaces are likely to have cross slope. An exception permits a 1:20
comply with one or more of four variations in the trail surface, and a 2 cross slope where necessary to ensure
separate provisions. Designers may inch edge protection may not be obvious proper drainage. Natural or naturally
choose which provision to apply. or detectable in the outdoor appearing surfaces often require greater
Section T303.8.2.1 permits a running environment. In the outdoor than 1:50 cross slopes to ensure proper
slope at 1:20 or less for any distance. environment, many people with limited drainage. Committee members agreed
Section T303.8.2.2 permits a running vision who use canes will search higher that water ponding on an outdoor
slope of 1:12 maximum for 200 feet than in an indoor environment to recreation access route may make the
maximum. Resting intervals must be distinguish between the edge and route inaccessible; therefore, a greater
provided at distances no greater than variations within the trail. cross slope is proposed.
Section T304.7.2 addresses running slip resistance is not an appropriate openings must be placed so that the
slope. Designers have a choice of requirement for a beach access route. long dimension is perpendicular or
applying one or more of the technical This is consistent with the provisions diagonal to the dominant direction of
provisions in this section. Section for other outdoor routes. Where a travel. This is consistent with the
T304.7.2.1 permits the running slope to temporary route is provided, it must Architectural Barriers Act Accessibility
be 1:20 or less for any distance. Section also be firm and stable. Guidelines and the proposed technical
T304.7.2.2 permits the running slope to Section T305.3 requires that a beach provisions for outdoor recreation access
be 1:12 maximum for 50 feet maximum. access route extend to the high tide routes. An exception permits the
Resting intervals must be provided at level, mean river bed level, or the elongated openings to run parallel to the
distances no greater than 50 feet apart. normal recreation water level. The dominant direction of travel where the
Section T304.7.2.3 permits the running committee believed that different lines opening does not permit passage of a 1⁄4
slope to be 1:10 maximum for 30 feet of demarcation would vary depending inch sphere.
maximum. Resting intervals must be upon the location of the beach. The Section T305.6 limits the obstacles in
provided at distances no greater than 30 committee selected the high tide level the beach access route to be 1 inch high
feet apart. for coastal beach, the mean river bed maximum. This departs from the
Question 20: The committee was level for river beaches, and the normal Architectural Barriers Act Accessibility
unable to decide whether there should recreation water level for lakes and Guidelines but is consistent with the
be exceptions from the technical reservoirs. Beach access to the water proposed technical requirements for
provisions for outdoor recreation access will vary considerably between tread obstacles for an outdoor recreation
routes based on the conditions in T302. geographic locations because the tidal access route and is necessary due to the
Currently, departures from the technical difference between high and low tides uniqueness of the outdoor environment.
provisions are permitted for specific varies from place to place. For example, Section T305.7 requires passing
elements, (e.g., picnic tables, camp sites) a beach in Alaska may experience tidal space. Where the clear width of the
but not for the outdoor recreation access differences of tens or even hundreds of beach access route is less than 60
routes that connect those elements. feet; beaches in Florida will have much inches, passing space must be provided
Should exceptions be permitted for smaller differences between low and at intervals of 200 feet. Passing space
specific elements on the outdoor high tides. The high tide mark is a shall be either a 60 inch by 60 inch
recreation access routes leading to those reasonable location to terminate minimum space or an intersection of
elements? permanent structures as built facilities; two walking surfaces which provides a
Question 21: The committee also below this point it is much more likely T-shaped space complying with
discussed potential exceptions from the to wash out. The mean river bed level T402.1.2, provided that the arms and
provisions for slope on an outdoor and the normal recreation water level stem of the T-shaped space extend at
recreation access route, unrelated to are comparable for rivers and lakes, least 48 inches beyond the intersection.
whether the elements themselves respectively. This is consistent with the technical
complied with the technical provisions. Question 22: Comment is sought on provisions for passing spaces on an
The committee considered two options. the appropriateness of these markers outdoor recreation access route.
One option provided a maximum for the and the ability to determine those levels Section T305.8 requires a turning
total length of the outdoor recreation at most beaches. space or resting space at the end of the
access route that could exceed a 1:12 Question 23: The committee did not beach access route or at the high tide
slope. The committee considered that require a beach access route to extend level, mean river bed level, or normal
either 10 percent or 15 percent of the beyond the high tide level, mean river recreation water level. Turning space
total length of the outdoor recreation bed level, or normal recreation water must not overlap the beach access route
access route could exceed a 1:12 slope. level. Comment is sought on what and must be either a 60 inch minimum
The second option was to apply the technical specifications should be by 60 inch minimum space, or an
conditions in T302 to the technical required, if any, if an entity decides to intersection of two walking surfaces
provisions for the slope of an outdoor provide the route into the water? Should which provide a T-shaped space
recreation access route. Comment is the technical provisions for sloped entry complying with T402.1.2 provided that
requested on this issue. into pools be applied in these cases? the arms and stem of the T-shaped space
Section T304.8 requires resting Section T305.4 requires the clear extend at least 48 inches beyond the
intervals to be 60 inches minimum in tread width of the beach access route to intersection.
length and have a width at least as wide be 36 inches minimum. This A resting or turning space allows a
as the route connecting it. The slope requirement is consistent with the person with a disability to be out of the
must not exceed 1:33 in any direction. proposed technical requirement for the route of travel, to leave their wheelchair
Where the surface conditions require clear tread width of trails and outdoor while transferring into a beach terrain
slopes greater than 1:33 for proper recreation access routes. Unlike other vehicle, or simply to wait in a place
drainage, a 1:20 slope is permitted. requirements for the clear width of trails outside the flow of traffic. The location
Section T304.9 requires edge and outdoor recreation access routes, no of this resting or turning space should
protection, where provided, to be 3 reduction in width is permitted. Since be in an area which is dry. If the route
inches minimum in height. This is the beach access route will most likely extends further than the minimum
consistent with the proposed provision be adjacent to sand, maintaining the 36 distance required, the resting or turning
for trails. inch width is critical to avoid being space may be placed at the end of the
caught off the path on a nontraversable beach access route, although the
T305 Beach Access Routes sandy surface. The need for additional location may not always remain dry.
Section T305.2 requires the surface of space for passing and resting has been Section T305.9 addresses the cross
the required beach access route to be included in other provisions. slope and running slope of beach access
firm and stable. Given the existence of Section T305.5 requires openings in routes. Section T305.9.1 requires the
loose material natural to a beach the surfaces of the beach access route to maximum cross slope of a beach access
environment such as sand, algae, and be of a size that does not permit passage route to not exceed 1:33. An exception
barnacles, the committee decided that of a 1⁄2 inch diameter sphere. Elongated permits cross slopes of 1:20 maximum
for drainage. This is consistent with the T306 Picnic Tables one of the conditions in section T302
proposed technical requirements for applies.
Section T306.2 addresses the
cross slope of an outdoor recreation T307 Fire Rings
technical provisions for wheelchair
access route and is necessary for
spaces. Each wheelchair space must
drainage in the outdoor environment. Section T307.2 requires that a clear
provide knee space of at least 30 inches
Section T305.9.2 addresses running floor or ground space extending a
wide, 19 inches deep, and 27 inches
slope. Designers have a choice of minimum of 48 inches deep by 48
from the ground or floor to the bottom
applying one or more of the technical inches wide be provided at all usable
of the table top. This provision is
provisions in this section. Section portions of a fire ring. This clear floor
different from the Architectural Barriers
or ground space exceeds what is
T305.9.2.1 permits running slope to be Act Accessibility Guidelines in that it
generally required in the Architectural
1:20 or less for any distance. Section also requires a toe clearance of 9 inches
Barriers Act Accessibility Guidelines to
T305.9.2.2 permits the running slope to above the ground or floor extending for
allow both a forward and parallel
be 1:12 maximum for 50 feet maximum. a total depth of 24 inches. This is an
approach and to provide more space to
Resting intervals must be provided at additional 5 inches minimum beyond
move away from the heat. Exception 1
distances no greater than 50 feet apart. the 19-inch knee space depth. This
permits the clear floor or ground space
Section T305.9.2.3 permits the running ensures that adequate toe clearance is
to be reduced to no less than 36 inches
slope to be 1:10 maximum for 30 feet provided at tables that have a solid leg
deep by 36 inches wide when one of the
maximum. Resting intervals must be at each end (rather than an A-shape
conditions in T302 exists. A clear floor
provided at distances no greater than 30 frame or individual legs). A 19-inch
or ground space of less than 36 inches
feet apart. The rationale for requiring a deep space at the end of a solid leg table
by 36 inches at accessible fire rings
resting interval is the same as for trails would not allow a person using a
could pose a safety hazard to users. As
or outdoor recreation access routes. The wheelchair to be sufficiently close to the
a result, no exception is provided to
running slope provisions are the same table.
further reduce the clear floor or ground
as those for an outdoor recreation access Section T306.3 addresses table space to less than 36 inches by 36
route. clearance. This provision requires a 36- inches.
inch wide minimum clear floor or
Section T305.10 requires edge ground space surrounding the usable The surface and slope requirements of
protection where drop-offs from the portions of a table, measured from the the clear spaces required by T307.2
beach access route to the beach are 6 back edge of the seat, or the back edge must comply with T306.4. Many of the
inches or higher. The edge protection of the table if no seat is provided. elements included in this rule share the
includes curbs, walls, or projecting same requirements for the surface and
Tables placed in buildings are slope of clear spaces. A discussion
surfaces that prevent people from falling generally expected to have ample space
off the route. Edge protection must be a regarding this requirement is included
for moving around. This is not always in the preamble discussion for T306.4.
minimum of 2 inches high. If the drop- the case where picnic tables are located
off is greater than 1 inch, but less than in an outdoor environment. For that Section T307.3 requires the fire
6 inches, then the edge must be beveled. reason, the committee recommended a surface height to be 9 inches minimum
While a raised edge may be considered minimum clear floor or ground space above the ground or floor and is
a tripping hazard in some instances, the that would provide maneuvering room inconsistent with the Architectural
committee recognized that in some beyond the accessible seating space to Barriers Act Accessibility Guidelines
locations, an elevated route such as that all usable portions of a table to allow for specifications for a low side reach
created by a boardwalk might movement around the table. which is 15 inches.
necessitate a raised edge for safety. Section T306.4 addresses clear spaces. Section T307.4 addresses raised edges
Where these locations occur, the Section T306.4.1 requires the surface of around fire rings. Where a raised edge
elevation of the route is already an the clear floor or ground space and the or curb is provided around a fire ring,
impediment to the perpendicular traffic wheelchair space to be firm and stable. this provision would require that the
and the addition of edge protection Slip resistance is not required because combined reach over the edge or curb
would not create any more of a tripping of the tree leaves and needles, duff and down to the fire building surface
hazard than that already created by the (partly decayed organic material on the must be 24 inches maximum.
elevated route itself. Therefore, the forest floor), mud, snow, and ice that T308 Cooking Surfaces, Grills, and
committee recommended that those often cover outdoor areas. Exception 1 Pedestal Grills
elevated routes, defined as 6 inches or permits an exception from this
more above the beach surface, have a requirement where at least one of the The surface and slope requirements of
requirement for edge protection conditions of T302 applies. the clear spaces required by T308.2
equivalent to the edge protection Section T306.4.2 requires slopes of must comply with T306.4. Many of the
requirement in the Architectural the required clear floor or ground spaces elements included in this rule share the
Barriers Act Accessibility Guidelines for not to exceed 1:50 in any direction. same requirements for the surface and
ramps. If the height of the route is Exceptions are provided to address the slope of clear spaces. A discussion
greater than 1 inch but less than 6 unique aspects of the outdoor regarding this requirement is included
inches, the committee felt that edge environment. Natural and natural- in the preamble discussion for T306.4.
protection was not required, although appearing surfaces are often used in Section T308.3 requires accessible
the edge should be beveled. If the height picnic areas. A 1:50 slope on these cooking surfaces to be installed between
of the route is 1 inch or less, then there surfaces may not be adequate to ensure 15 inches and 34 inches above the
is no requirement for beveling, as an proper drainage. In these cases, ground or floor. This provides a
inch or less elevation is virtually a flat exception 1 allows the slope in any comfortable reach range for cooking.
route and is reasonable to expect in a direction to be 1:33 maximum. Section T308.4 requires operating
beach environment given the shifting of Exception 2 states that this provision controls and mechanisms to comply
sand. does not have to be met where at least with T407.
T309 Fixed Trash and Recycling comply with T306.4. Many of the Section T312.4 requires the eye piece
Containers elements included in this rule share the to be usable from a seated position so
The surface and slope requirements of same requirements for the surface and that each distinct point of interest is
the clear spaces required by T309.2 slope of clear spaces. A discussion viewable. This will provide the widest
must comply with T306.4. Many of the regarding this requirement is included range of viewing opportunities, not only
in the preamble discussion for T306.4. for seated individuals but also for
elements included in this rule share the
Section T311.3 requires that each children. An advisory provides
same requirements for the surface and
location providing a viewing suggestions on how to accomplish this.
slope of clear spaces. A discussion opportunity to one or more distinct
regarding this requirement is included Options include an adjustable scope
points of interest must have at least one mount, a swivel seat or installing an
in the preamble discussion for T306.4. unrestricted viewing area for each
Section T309.3 requires operating element that would allow for a high/low
viewing opportunity. The committee felt option similar to what is offered for
controls for the containers to comply that the attraction of a viewing area is
with T407.2 and T407.3. However, an water fountains. The requirement for
to bring persons to a place where they use from the seated position is
exemption from this requirement is can enjoy all the aspects of the site and
provided where the container has a necessary for people using wheelchairs
persons with disabilities should have and other mobility devices. The
hinged, sliding, or other cover and is the opportunity to experience the
situated where it is subject to large committee recognized that this may also
attraction. The committee determined benefit children or individuals of short
animal intrusion, thus dictating animal- that an arc extending from 32 inches
resistant controls. Current designs for stature.
minimum above the level surface of the
controls and operating mechanisms viewing area to 51 inches maximum T313 Fixed Benches
preclude providing secure storage of above the surface would be sufficient to
trash or recycled material from large Section T313.2 requires the surface
allow an unobstructed view. Often the and slope requirements of the clear
animals, and still meet the reach and overlook or the viewing area has an
operating force requirements of T407.3. spaces to comply with T306.4. Many of
adjacent drop-off that would present a the elements included in this rule share
T310 Wood Stoves and Fireplaces hazard to the user of the area. Safety the same requirements for the surface
barriers are often installed (such as a and slope of clear spaces. A discussion
The surface and slope requirements of guardrail, railing, or wall) to protect the
the clear spaces required by T310.2 regarding this requirement is included
visitor from the edge and may block the in the preamble discussion for T306.4.
must comply with T306.4. Many of the view. This provision requires an
elements included in this rule share the Section T313.2 also requires that clear
unobstructed view to the distinct point spaces be located at one end of the
same requirements for the surface and of interest. There must be a means by
slope of clear spaces. A discussion accessible bench, and not overlap other
which a field of view in the described clear floor or ground space
regarding this requirement is included arc is obtained. Various designs or
in the preamble discussion for T306.4. requirements. The committee debated
recommendations to manage this are the location of the clear floor or ground
Section T310.2 requires that a clear provided in the advisory, and include
floor or ground space 48 inches deep space, recognizing that many different
see-through panels in walls or elevated configurations could exist. The
minimum and 48 inches wide minimum platforms away from the guarded edge.
be provided from all usable portions of requirement of a clear floor or ground
A periscope complying with T212.1 is
the wood stove or fireplace. This is space at one end without intruding into
also an option for a view over a barrier.
consistent with space requirements for other clear floor or ground spaces
This provision does not apply where
other elements in outdoor developed provides users with the same
one of the conditions in T302 exists.
facilities, such as fire rings and grills. perspective as the occupant of the
The 48 inch requirement allows for a T312 Telescopes and Periscopes bench, no matter which direction the
front and side approach. The committee Section T312.2 requires the surface bench is facing and avoids obstructing
agreed that the extra space required conditions of the clear floor or ground the outdoor recreation access route.
beyond 30 inches by 48 inches is space adjacent to the telescope or Shoulder-to-shoulder alignment of the
warranted in this case where safety is periscope to be firm and stable, and clear floor or ground space enhances the
paramount. An exception is provided to comply with the clear space opportunity for and ease of interaction
reduce this requirement to 36 inches requirement of T403. In the interest of or conversation with someone seated on
minimum depth where one or more of safety and the ability to use the the bench.
the conditions in section T302 exist. elements in an unchanging and Section T313.3 requires that the top of
Section T310.3 requires the controls balanced condition, a dependable the seat surface be between 17 inches
for operation of wood stoves and surface condition is a necessity. and 19 inches above the ground or floor
fireplaces to comply with T407. Section T312.2 also requires the slope space to facilitate transfer. This
Question 24: Are there controls and of the required clear floor or ground provision is consistent with the
operating mechanisms available for space to not exceed 1:50 in any Architectural Barriers Act Accessibility
fireplaces that will meet the direction, unless the surface condition Guidelines.
requirements of T407? If not, what is such that drainage is a problem. Section T313.4 addresses back
modifications will allow for most Where drainage is of concern, a 1:33 support. Back support is required on
operating mechanisms of woodstoves maximum slope is permitted. Drainage accessible benches and must extend the
and fireplaces to meet this provision? from the area adjacent to the elements full length of the bench.
is essential to preserve the integrity of Section T313.5 addresses armrests.
T311 Overlooks and Viewing Areas Where required by T213.2, at least one
the surface condition and to provide a
Section T311.2 requires at least one comfortable location to use the armrest is required on a single bench.
turning space with a circular or T- elements. Section T213.2.2 requires armrests
shaped space complying T402. The Section T312.3 requires the controls where multiple benches are provided.
surface and slope requirements of the and operating mechanisms of telescopes All armrests must comply with T411.8.
turning spaces required by T311.2 must and periscopes to comply with T407. This will facilitate transfer to the bench
and provide support to maneuver to or Section T316.2 also requires necessary to provide 3 feet of space on
from the bench seat. compliance T409. Where one of the the driver’s side for access to utilities.
conditions in T302 applies, exception 1 The parking space is 9 feet to allow for
T314 Utility Sinks
permits the size of the clear floor or vehicle width and an 8 foot space on the
Section T314.2 requires a clear floor ground space to be reduced to 48 inches passenger side for deployment of a lift
or ground space complying with T403.1 by 48 inches. Where a 48 inch by 48 with room to exit conveniently. An
to be provided at the sink for adequate inch clear floor or ground space cannot exception permits one space to be 16
reach and turning space. Section T314.2 be provided because at least one of the feet minimum in width, where only two
requires that the clear floor or ground conditions of T302 applies, exception 2 accessible parking spaces are required.
space not have a slope greater than 1:50. does not require compliance with The exception allows a smaller parking
An exception permits the slope of the T316.2. pad (van size) for the second accessible
clear floor or ground space to be 1:33 Section T316.3 requires the height of campsite. This deviation will limit the
maximum to provide proper drainage. the pit toilet seat to comply with impact on the environment and the
Section T314.2 also requires that the T409.4. No exceptions for the outdoor user’s experience.
surface of the clear floor space be firm environment were necessary. Section T318.2.2 addresses tent
and stable. Section T316.4 requires grab bars camping spaces and camp shelter
Section T314.3 requires the height of complying with T411 only where the pit spaces. Where parking is provided, a
the counter or rim to be 34 inches toilets are provided with walls. Since tent camping and camp shelter parking
maximum above the floor or ground many pit toilets consist of a riser placed space 16 feet wide is required and
surface. on the ground, the committee agreed follows the Architectural Barriers Act
Section T314.4 requires the depth of that the requirement for grab bars Accessibility Guidelines for van
the bowl to be 15 inches minimum should only be triggered if a structure accessible parking spaces which would
above the floor or ground surface. The surrounds the riser. accommodate the maximum size vehicle
committee recognized that there may be used for this type of campsite. A ‘‘camp
T317 Utilities shelter’’ also includes cabin
some difficulty in providing a deep
enough sink to accomplish the purposes Section T317.2 requires the slopes of accommodations.
of cleaning larger pots or pans given clear floor or ground spaces at utilities Section T318.2.3 requires recreation
current reach range requirements. to have a 1:50 maximum slope in any camping vehicle and trailer parking
However, the committee believed that direction. Where surface conditions spaces located in general use parking
adhering to the established reach ranges require a slope greater than 1:50 for areas to be 12 feet minimum wide and
was important. proper drainage, an exception permits a to have an adjacent access aisle of 8 feet
Section T314.5 requires operable parts 1:33 maximum slope. Section T317.2 extending the full length of the parking
of the sink to comply with T407. also requires the surface of the clear space. The surface of the parking space
floor or ground space to be firm and and access aisle must be firm and stable.
T315 Mobility Device Storage stable. Section T318.2.4 requires that the
Facilities Section T317.3 requires fixed water slope of an accessible parking space not
Section T315.2 requires the surface spouts to be located 28 inches minimum exceed 1:50 in any direction. Where
and slope requirements of the clear to 36 inches maximum above the surface conditions require a greater
spaces to comply with T306.4. Many of ground or floor surface and to be slope for proper drainage, an exception
the elements included in this rule share centered at the edge of a 60 inch permits a 1:33 maximum slope.
the same requirements for the surface minimum by 60 inch minimum clear Section T318.3 addresses tent pads
and slope of clear spaces. A discussion floor or ground space. and tent platforms. Section T318.3.1
regarding this requirement is included Section 317.4 requires controls and addresses clear space. A 48 inch clear
in the preamble discussion for T306.4. operating mechanisms associated with space around the tent pad is required to
Section T315.3 requires that the size utilities to comply with T407. Exception allow both side and front approach
of the storage space be 38 inches 1 does not apply T407 to sewage access to assembling equipment. An
minimum in height, 28 inches hookups. Exception 2 exempts hand exception allows the clear space to be
minimum in width and 40 inches pumps from T407.3. The rationale for reduced to 36 inches where at least one
minimum in length. These dimensions not requiring sewer hookups to meet of the conditions in T302 applies.
are based on the space needed for a height and reach range provisions is Section T318.3.2 requires the tent pad
collapsed standard adult wheelchair. based on their ground level location surface to be firm and stable, consistent
The committee agreed that a wheelchair necessary for gravity drainage. Most are with other provisions in Chapters T2
would be the most commonly occurring foot drains or have a small handle at the and T3. An exception is permitted
device which would require storage and ground level to open the connection to where at least one of the four conditions
based the requirements accordingly. the system. specified in T302 exist.
Section T315.4 requires controls and Section T318.3.3 requires that the
T318 Camping Facilities slope of the tent pad or platform not
operating mechanisms for accessible
mobility storage facilities to comply Section T318.2 addresses accessible exceed 1:50 in any direction. An
with T407. camping space parking. Section exception permits a 1:33 maximum
T318.2.1 requires accessible recreational slope where necessary for proper
T316 Pit Toilets camping vehicle or trailer camping drainage.
Section T316.2 requires the surface spaces to be 20 feet minimum in width. Section T318.3.4 requires edge
and slope requirements of the clear This was determined to be necessary to protection to be 3 inches minimum
spaces to comply with T306.4. Many of accommodate existing equipment where a raised tent platform is
the elements included in this rule share manufactured by the recreational provided. The 3 inch minimum is
the same requirements for the surface camping vehicle industry and lifts necessary to ensure visibility and to
and slope of clear spaces. A discussion required to gain access out of and into prevent wheelchairs and other mobility
regarding this requirement is included this equipment. The extra width devices from rolling off the raised
in the preamble discussion for T306.4. associated with this parking space is platform.
Section T318.3.5 addresses the currently for a grab bar, and extend the would likely be vandalized. Therefore,
connection where a tent platform is length of the pole within 3 inches below the committee recommended that there
raised above grade to provide a level the shower head. If a circular grab bar be no requirement for a shower seat in
surface to pitch a tent. Access is is chosen it would also be permitted an outdoor rinsing shower.
provided in a similar fashion to only on a post. This type of grab bar
T321 Signs
playground equipment by a transfer would resemble a spoked wheel
system including a platform and transfer mounted perpendicular to the post. The Section T321.2 requires trails or trail
steps. The need for mobility equipment committee recommended that the grab segments that comply with T303 to
on the platform surface was not deemed bar be provided 33 to 36 inches above provide a sign at the trail head and all
to be necessary for use, as the surface the floor, consistent with a horizontal designated access points. The sign must
area is the same size as the tent. grab bar in an indoor shower. If a display a symbol designating that the
horizontal grab bar is chosen, the trail or trail segment is accessible and
T319 Warming Huts
committee recommended a 33 to 36 shall include the total distance of the
Section T319.1 requires warming huts inch mounting height, consistent with accessible trail or segment and the
to provide a turning space that complies the mounting height for horizontal grab location of the first point where
with T402 and if a door is provided that bars in indoor showers. exceptions from the technical provision
it comply with T408. Section T320.4 addresses the in T303 apply.
T320 Outdoor Rinsing Showers requirements for controls. In order for An example of a sign to be used at
controls to be usable, they must be accessible trails is included in an
Section T320.2 addresses the within reach ranges and be operable. advisory note. Signs identifying
requirement for clear space. A clear The committee recommended that accessible trail segments must include
space which would permit a front or controls comply with T407. Many
parallel approach is necessary in order the total distance of the accessible
outdoor showers have a twist-type knob segment and the location of the first
to make the shower usable. For most because those controls are less subject to
elements, such as a telephone or point of departure from the technical
vandalism. Although vandalism is a provisions.
drinking fountain, a 30 inch by 48 inch legitimate concern in outdoor settings,
clear floor space would suffice. Signs for trails were extensively
the committee agreed that accessible debated by the committee. While certain
Committee members agreed that only controls could be vandal-proofed,
providing a front approach without a 5 trail information is critical for users,
particularly if push controls are used. there was concern about requiring too
foot turnaround space would not allow Therefore, the committee recommended
someone in a wheelchair to turn 360 many signs with too much information.
that controls and operating mechanism There were also concerns that the
degrees to rinse off under all angles of comply with T407. If self-closing
the water. For ease and convenience of requirement may be too onerous in
controls are used, the controls shall terms of providing detailed information
use for people using wheelchairs, the remain open for at least 10 seconds, the
full turnaround space must be provided. about trail characteristics. As a
minimum time needed for rinsing.
Section T320.2 also addresses the compromise, the committee agreed to
Section T320.5 addresses the
requirement for slope. The committee include a requirement for a symbol to
requirements for a low outdoor rinsing
recommended that the slope of the clear shower spray head. The appropriate identify those trails that are accessible.
space not exceed 1:33 in all directions. height for a low rinsing shower is taken Additionally, where the symbol is used
This is consistent with from the current requirements for to identify accessible trail segments, the
recommendations by the committee for indoor showers. In order to provide total distance of the accessible trail
other outdoor elements where drainage flexibility, rather than an absolute segment to the location of the first point
is a concern. Many park maintenance mounting height, the committee of departure from the technical
managers indicated that a 1:20 slope is recommended a range of 48 to 54 provision must be provided.
required for the floors of outdoor inches. A hand-held shower spray unit An extensive advisory note has been
showers to ensure proper drainage. The is permitted, although the committee provided on the issue of trail
committee believed that the increase to realized that this would be an information. The advisory note includes
1:33 would suffice and allow for a infrequent choice in an outdoor recommendations for the types of
reasonable tolerance. environment due to vandalism information which should be provided
Section T320.3 addresses the concerns. and examples of different formats for
requirements for grab bars. Grab bars are Section T320.6 addresses the providing the information. Where trails
typically not found in outdoor showers, requirement for the height of a high are provided and conditions have
primarily because the majority of the outdoor rinsing shower spray head. The required departure from some of the
showers are free-standing poles and height of the shower head must be a technical provisions, it is recommended
there is no place to mount a grab bar minimum of 72 inches above the floor that more detailed signs be provided to
which conforms to the Architectural or ground. A hand-held shower spray is help users make informed decisions
Barriers Act Accessibility Guidelines. permitted. about trail use.
Nonetheless, the committee believed The committee also discussed shower Question 25: Some examples of
that a grab bar was essential for stability seats. Indoor showers which are proposed signs designating accessible
in a wet environment, but not for designated as accessible require a seat. trails are included in an advisory note.
transfer. The committee also This requirement may not be reasonable The committee did not reach a
recommended providing three options for all outdoor showers. An adjacent consensus on a particular sign.
for the grab bar: vertical, circular (if the bench might be conveniently located for Comment is sought on these signs and
shower is on a pole), and horizontal (if the placement of items, but not in other options. The proposed guidelines
the shower is on a wall). If a vertical conjunction with showering itself. With for trails require a sign on trails that
grab bar is chosen it would be permitted an outdoor pole shower, there is no meet the provisions and exceptions of
only on a post. The committee adjacent wall on which to mount a fold- T303.
recommended that it be provided 33 down seat. In an outdoor shower Section T321.3 requires camping
inches above the floor, the lowest height mounted to a wall, a fold-down bench spaces that comply with T318 to be
identified by the International Symbol warning along a trail in the outdoor land management agencies in the
of Accessibility complying with T412.2. environment may have the effect of Department of Agriculture: Forest
creating a barrier for all trail users. What Service; in the Department of the
T322 Protruding Objects
other options are available on trails, Interior: National Park Service, Fish and
Section T322.1 requires protruding specifically where there is a lack of Wildlife Service, Bureau of Land
objects on trails, outdoor recreation sufficient space to move around an Management, and Bureau of
access routes, and beach access routes to obstruction without significantly Reclamation; and in the Department of
comply with T405. Protruding objects impacting the natural environment or Defense: Army Corps of Engineers.
on trails must have 80 inches of vertical setting?
clearance. An exception permits a Establishing the Federal land
reduction in the 80 inch vertical Chapter T4 management agencies annual
clearance provided that a barrier is Chapter T4 provides supplementary expenditures on the construction and
provided to warn persons with visual technical provisions that apply where alterations of the elements and spaces
impairments. This allows a trail to pass required by Chapter T3 or where covered by the proposed guidelines
through narrow, winding corridors, referenced by a requirement in this required a project-by-project review.
under ledges or through caves. This document. The Access Board requested data from
provision represents a compromise the Federal land management agencies
reached by committee members. Some Regulatory Process Matters on camping and picnic projects and
committee members saw the need for a These guidelines have been reviewed trails projects funded in FY 2004 that
departure from the minimum 80 inches by the Office of Management and included elements and spaces covered
overhead clearance, while others felt Budget pursuant to Executive Order by the proposed guidelines. The data is
that permitting this could present 12866. The Access Board prepared a summarized in Table 1. Some of the
barriers to people with visual regulatory assessment for the guidelines. projects included the construction and
impairments. The regulatory assessment is available alterations of general parking areas,
Question 26: The committee could not on the Access Board’s Web site at restrooms, and other facilities covered
reach consensus on allowing a complete http://www.access-board.gov/outdoor/ by existing accessibility standards, or
departure from this provision if the assessment.htm. The guidelines apply the construction and alterations of roads
minimum overhead clearance could not to the new construction and alteration and other infrastructure that are not
be provided along a trail. After some of outdoor developed areas by Federal subject to accessibility standards. Thus,
debate, the committee agreed to propose agencies subject to the Architectural the total project costs overstate the
the technical requirements for Barriers Act. The guidelines will expenditures on elements and spaces
headroom clearance. Providing such a primarily affect the following Federal covered by the proposed guidelines.
TABLE 1.—FY 2004 PROJECTS THAT INCLUDED CONSTRUCTION AND ALTERATIONS OF ELEMENTS AND SPACES COVERED
BY PROPOSED GUIDELINES
Camping & picnic areas Trails

Agency Number of Number of
Total project costs Total project costs
projects projects
Department of Agriculture
Forest Service ......................................................... Not available ...... $6.9 million (FY 2003) Not available. ..... Not available.
Department of the Interior:
National Park Service ............................................. 46 ....................... $14.0 million .............. 33 ....................... $2.7 million.
Fish and Wildlife Service ........................................ 2 ......................... $0.2 million ................ 3 ......................... $0.3 million.
Bureau of Land Management ................................. 6 ......................... $1.8 million ................ 1 ......................... $25,000.
Bureau of Reclamation ........................................... 8 ......................... $1.1 million ................ 3 ......................... $1.2 million.
Department of Defense:
Army Corps of Engineers ........................................ 25 ....................... Not available ............. 4 ......................... $1 million.
Total ................................................................. 87 ....................... $24.0 million .............. 44 ....................... $5.2 million.
The Access Board reviewed 43 TABLE 2.—PROJECTS REVIEWED FOR TABLE 2.—PROJECTS REVIEWED FOR
camping and picnic area projects and 26 REGULATORY ASSESSMENT REGULATORY ASSESSMENT—Con-
trail projects that included the tinued
construction or alteration of elements Camping & Trail
and spaces covered by the accessibility Agency picnic area Camping &
projects Trail
projects Agency picnic area
guidelines for outdoor developed areas projects
for this regulatory assessment, as shown projects
Department of
in Table 2. The purpose of the review Agriculture: Bureau of
was to assess the level of accessibility of Forest Service 12 4 Land Man-
the elements and spaces, and the Department of agement ..... 6 1
additional costs associated with the Interior: Bureau of

accessibility. National Park Reclamation 8 3
Service ....... 9 11 Department of
Fish and Wild- Defense:
life Service 2 3
TABLE 2.—PROJECTS REVIEWED FOR alteration projects to use its Recreation individuals resulting from accessible
REGULATORY ASSESSMENT—Con- Facility and Customer Service facilities in outdoor developed areas are
tinued Standards, and also currently currently being realized under the
recommends that the projects use best Federal land management agencies’
Camping & practices for accessible design. The current accessibility policies and
Trail
Agency picnic area projects Army Corps of Engineers’ Recreation practices. The proposed guidelines will
projects Facility and Customer Service contribute to the benefits, and the
Standards generally meet or exceed the benefits justify the regulatory action.
Army Corps of
Engineers .. 6 4 level of accessibility in the proposed The proposed guidelines will not
guidelines, except for recreational have a significant economic impact on
Total ........... 43 26 vehicle parking areas and trails. The a substantial number of small entities
baseline assumes 50 percent to 75 for purposes of the Regulatory
The Access Board used two baselines percent of the Army Corps of Engineers’ Flexibility Act because the guidelines
for this regulatory assessment. The first projects use best practices for designing apply only to Federal agencies. The
baseline assesses the costs associated accessible recreational vehicle parking proposed guidelines do not have any
with the proposed guidelines compared areas and trails that meet the level of Federalism implications because they
to the Federal land management accessibility in the proposed guidelines. do not apply to State, local, and tribal
agencies current accessibility policies Thus, the percentage of the Army Corps governments. The proposed guidelines
and practices as described below: of Engineers’ projects that will incur do not establish any requirements
• Forest Service—FSORAG and additional costs for recreational vehicle subject to the Paperwork Reduction Act.
FSTAG. The Forest Service currently parking areas and trails associated with
the proposed guidelines range from a List of Subjects in 36 CFR Part 1195
requires all its construction and
alteration projects to use Forest Service lower bound of 25 percent to an upper
Buildings and facilities, Individuals
Outdoor Recreation Accessibility bound of 50 percent.
with disabilities.
Guidelines (FSORAG) and Forest The additional annual costs
associated with the proposed guidelines Tricia Mason,
Service Trail Accessibility Guidelines
compared to the Federal land Chair, Architectural and Transportation
(FSTAG). FSORAG and FSTAG
management agencies current Barriers Compliance Board.
generally meet or exceed the level of
accessibility policies and practices For the reasons set forth in the
accessibility in the proposed guidelines.
range from $0.5 million to $1.1 million. preamble, the Access Board proposes to
Thus, the Forest Service’s projects will
The second baseline assesses the costs add part 1195 to Chapter XI of title 36
not incur any additional costs
associated with the proposed guidelines
associated with the proposed guidelines of the Code of Federal Regulations to
if accessibility were not required by the
compared to FSORAG and FSTAG. read as follows:
Access Board or otherwise. That is, the
• Department of the Interior—Best second baseline attempts to evaluate
Practices Bulletins. The Federal land PART 1195—ARCHITECTURAL
how the Federal land management’s BARRIERS ACT ACCESSIBILITY
management agencies in the Department agencies would construct the elements
of the Interior currently use the National and spaces covered by the proposed GUIDELINES FOR OUTDOOR
Center on Accessibility’s best practices DEVELOPED AREAS
guidelines in the absence of any
bulletins. However, the agencies have accessibility requirement. The Sec.
not formally required all their additional annual costs associated with 1195.1 Accessibility guidelines.
construction and alteration projects to the proposed guidelines using the Appendix A to Part 1195—Architectural
use the technical bulletins. Therefore, second baseline range from $2.0 million Barriers Act Accessibility Guidelines for
the baseline assumes 50 percent to 75 to $2.6 million. Outdoor Developed Areas
percent of the agencies’ projects use the Individuals with disabilities, and Authority: 29 U.S.C. 792(b)(3).
best practices bulletins. The best their families and friends, will benefit
practices bulletins generally meet the from visiting and using accessible § 1195.1 Accessibility guidelines.
level of accessibility in the proposed facilities in outdoor developed areas. The accessibility guidelines for
guidelines. Thus, the percentage of the The U.S. Census Bureau reports that outdoor developed areas designed,
agencies’ projects that will incur there are 51.2 million Americans with constructed, or altered by or on behalf
additional costs associated with the disabilities in the civilian non- of Federal agencies subject to the
proposed guidelines range from a lower institutionalized population in 2002. Architectural Barriers Act are set forth
bound of 25 percent to an upper bound Among the population age 15 and older, in Appendix A to this part.
of 50 percent. 2.7 million individuals use a
• Army Corps of Engineers— wheelchair, and another 9.1 million use Appendix A to Part 1195—
Recreation Facility and Customer a mobility aid such as a cane, crutches, Architectural Barriers Act Accessibility
Service Standards and Best Practices. or walker. The benefits to individuals Guidelines for Outdoor Developed
The Army Corps of Engineers currently with disabilities are not quantifiable. Areas
require all its construction and Many of the benefits to these BILLING CODE 8190–01–P
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[FR Doc. 07–2979 Filed 6–19–07; 8:45 am]

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Proposed Rule: Americans With Disabilities Act Implementation: Accessibility Guidelines&#8212 Outdoor Developed Areas

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Proposed Rule: Americans With Disabilities Act Implementation: Accessibility Guidelines&#8212 Outdoor Developed Areas

Enviado por

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Wednesday,

June 20, 2007

2 A rule is considered economically significant if

Chapter T2: Scoping Requirements

Camping & picnic areas Trails

Total ................................................................. 87 ....................... $24.0 million .............. 44 ....................... $5.2 million.

additional costs associated with the Interior: Bureau of

[FR Doc. 07–2979 Filed 6–19–07; 8:45 am]

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