RESEARCH

2014

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H ARVA R D BU SI N ESS SCH OO L D O C T O R A L P R O G R A M S

The Doctoral Programs at Harvard Business School educate scholars

who make a difference in the world through rigorous research that
influences practice.
More than 140 strong, HBS doctoral students represent diverse backgrounds, degrees, undergraduate schools, and disciplinesincluding
economics, engineering, mathematics, physics, psychology and sociology. They examine the most critical issues in business management
through rigorous research, creating and disseminating new knowledge
as the next generation of thought leaders. By the time they graduate,
students will have co-authored publications with faculty members, who
often become important mentors, colleagues, and collaborators.

ACCOUNTING AND MANAGEMENT

School Publishing, 2012. (Revised 2013.)

Brochet, Francois, and Kyle Travis Welch. Top

Executive Background and Financial Reporting
Choice. HBS Working Paper 11-088, 2011.

Eccles, Robert G., Ioannis Ioannou, Shelley Xin Li,

and George Serafeim. Pay for Environmental Performance: The Effect of Incentive Provision on Carbon Emissions. HBS Working Paper 13-043, 2012.

Cheng, Beiting, Suraj Srinivasan and Gwen Yu.

Securities Litigation Risk for Foreign Companies Listed in the U.S. HBS Working Paper 13036, 2012.

Eyring, Henry C. Unexploited Efficiencies in Higher

Education. Contemporary Issues in Education Research 4, no. 7 (July 2011): 118.

Eccles, Robert G., Beiting Cheng, and Daniela Saltzman, eds. The Landscape of Integrated Reporting.
Boston: Harvard Business School, 2010.

Eyring, Henry C., and Renee Hopkins Callahan. Let

Disruption Fix Education. Strategy & Innovation 6,
no. 6 (September 2008): 16.

Eccles, Robert G., George Serafeim, Shelley Xin Li,

and Alan Knight. Allied Electronics Corporation
Ltd: Linking Compensation to Sustainability Metrics. HBS No. 412-075, Boston: Harvard Business
School Publishing, 2011. (Revised 2013.)

Gow, Ian D., Sa-Pyung Sean Shin, Suraj Srinivasan.

Consequences to Directors of Shareholder Activism. HBS Working Paper 14-071, 2014.

Eccles, Robert G., George Serafeim, and Shelley Xin

Li. Dow Chemical: Innovating for Sustainability.
HBS No. 112-064, Boston: Harvard Business

Welch, Kyle Travis. Private Equitys Diversification

Illusion: Economic Comovement and Fair Value Reporting. Working Paper, 2014.
ABSTRACT

R E S E A R C H , 2 014

BUSINESS ECONOMICS
Gow, Ian D., Sa-Pyung Sean Shin,
Suraj Srinivasan. Consequences to
Directors of Shareholder Activism.
HBS Working Paper 14-071, 2014.

Agarwal, Nikhil, Susan Athey, and David C. Yang.

Skewed Bidding in Pay-per-Action Auctions for Online
Advertising. American Economic Review: Papers and
Proceedings 99, no. 2 (May 2009): 441447.

We examine how shareholder activist campaigns affect the careers of directors of the
targeted firms. Using a comprehensive sample of
shareholder activism between 2004 and 2011, we
find that directors are almost twice as likely to leave
over a two-year period if the firm is the subject of a
shareholder activist campaign. While it has been argued that proxy contests are an ineffective mechanism for replacing directors, as they rarely succeed
in getting a majority of shareholder support, our results suggest that director turnover takes place following shareholder activism even without shareholder activists engaging in, let alone winning, proxy
contests. Performance-sensitivity of director turnover is also higher in the presence of shareholder
activism. We also find that director election results
matter for director retention: directors are more likely to leave in the year following activism when they
receive lower shareholder support. Contrary to consequences on the targeted firms board, we find no
evidence that directors lose seats on other boards, a
proxy for reputational consequences, as a result of
shareholder activism.

Allcott, Hunt, Sendhil Mullainathan, and Dmitry

Taubinsky. Energy Policy with Externalities and
Internalities. Journal of Public Economics 112
(2014): 72-88.

ABSTRACT

Welch, Kyle Travis. Private Equitys

Diversification Illusion: Economic
Comovement and Fair Value Reporting. Working Paper, 2014.
This study examines how financial reporting practices have shaped private equitys claims
to diversifIcation. Despite research showing that private equity lacks unique economic exposure, private equity firms and trade associations continue to
promote private equitys diversification as a key investment benefit. I show that returns based on prior methods of valuation understate the economic
comovement of private equity with the market, creating a diversification illusion. As private equity valuation methodologies have changed, I show increased
market beta and increased correlations. Private equity firms also encounter higher not lower costs
when accessing capital, a finding at odds with public market research.

Ashcraft, Adam, Paul Goldsmith-Pinkham, Peter

Hull, and James Vickery. Credit Ratings and Security Prices in the Subprime MBS Market. The American Economic Review 101, no. 3 (2011): 115-119.
Ashcraft, Adam, Paul Goldsmith-Pinkham, and
James Vickery. MBS Ratings and the Mortgage
Credit Boom Journal of Finance (Revise and Resubmit).
Ashlagi, Itai, Duncan S. Gilchrist, Alvin E. Roth, and
Michael A. Rees. NEAD Chains in Transplantation.
American Journal of Transplantation 11 (December
2011): 2780-2781.
Ashlagi, Itai, Duncan S. Gilchrist, Alvin E. Roth,
and Michael A. Rees. Nonsimultaneous Chains
and Dominos in Kidney Paired DonationRevisited. American Journal of Transplantation 11, no. 5
(May 2011): 984994.
Asquith, Paul, Andrea S. Au, Thomas R. Covert, and
Parag A. Pathak. The Market for Borrowing Corporate Bonds. Journal of Financial Economics [Internet]. 2013;107(1):155-182.
Benjamin, Daniel J. David Cesarini, Christopher F.
Chabris, Edward L. Glaeser, David I. Laibson, Vilmundur Gunason, Tamara B. Harris, Lenore J.
Launer, Shaun Purcell, Albert Vernon Smith, Magnus Johannesson, Patrik K.E. Magnusson, Jonathan
P. Beauchamp, Nicholas A. Christakis, Craig S. Atwood, Benjamin Hbert, Jeremy Freese, Robert
M. Hauser, Taissa S. Hauser, Alexander Grankvist,
Christina M. Hultman, and Paul Lichtenstein. The
Promise and Pitfalls of Genoeconomics. Annual Review of Economics 4 (July 2012): 627-662.
Chabris, Christopher F., Benjamin M. Hbert, Daniel J. Benjamin, Jonathan Beauchamp, David Cesarini, Matthijs van der Loos, Magnus Johannesson,
Patrik K. E. Magnusson, Paul Lichtenstein, Craig
S. Atwood, Jeremy Freese, Taissa S. Hauser, Robert
M. Hauser, Nicholas Christakis, and David Laibson.
Most Reported Genetic Associations with General
Intelligence Are Probably False Positives. Psychological Science (September 2012).
Chabris, Christopher F., Carrie L. Morris, Dmitry
Taubinsky, David Laibson, and Jonathon P. Schuldt.
The Allocation of Time in Decision-Making. Jour-

H ARVA R D BU SI N ESS SCH OO L D O C T O R A L P R O G R A M S

nal of the European Economic Association 7, no. 2

(April 2009): 628-637.

tations. International Journal of Central Banking,

(January 2012): 243-264.

Chabris, Christopher, David Laibson, Carrie Morris,

Jonathon Schuldt, and Dmitry Taubinsky. Individual Laboratory-Measured Discount Rates Predict Field
Behavior. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 37, no. 2
(December 2008): 237-269.

Garbarino, Ellen, Robert Slonim, and Carmen Wang.

The Multidimensional Effects of a Small Gift: Evidence from a Natural Field Experiment. Economic
Letters 120, no. 1 (July 2013): 8386.

Chernyakov, Alexander, and Samuel Kruger. Is

Real Interest Rate Risk Priced? Theory and Empirical Evidence. Working Paper, 2014.

Gilchrist, Duncan S., and Emily G. Sands. A Preference for Shared Experience: Network Externalities in Movie Consumption. Working paper, March
13, 2014.

Coles, Peter, and Ran Shorrer. Optimal Truncation

in Matching Markets. Games and Economics Behavior (forthcoming).

Gilchrist, Duncan S., Michael Luca, and Deepak Malhotra. When 3+1>4: Gift Structure and Reciprocity in the Field. HBS Working Paper 14-030, 2013.

Donaldson, Dave, Richard Hornbeck, and James

Lee. Railroads and Resources: the Development
of American Manufacturing in the Latter Half of the
19th Century. Working Paper, 2014.

Goldsmith-Pinkham, Paul, and Guido W. Imbens.

Social networks and the identification of peer effects. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics
31, no. 3 (2013): 253-264.

Dragusanu, Raluca. Firm-to-Firm Matching along

the Global Supply Chain. Working Paper, 2014.

Hassidim, Avinatan and Assaf Romm. An Approximate Law of One Price in Random Assignment
Games. February 2014. Mimeo.

Dragusanu, Raluca, and Nathan Nunn. The Impacts of Fair Trade Certification: Evidence from Coffee Producers in Costa Rica Working Paper, 2013.

Hbert, Benjamin M. Moral Hazard and the Optimality of Debt. Working Paper, 2014.

Dragusanu, Raluca, Daniele Giovannucci and Nathan Nunn. The Economics of Fair Trade Journal
of Economics Perspectives. (forthcoming.)

Kruger, Samuel. The Effect of Mortgage Securitization on Foreclosure and Modification. Working
Paper, 2014.

Edelman, Benjamin G. and Duncan S. Gilchrist.

Advertising Disclosures: Measuring Labeling Alternatives in Internet Search Engines. Information
Economics and Policy, 24, (January 2012): 75-89.

Kruger, Samuel. Disagreement and Liquidity.

Working Paper, 2013.

Foley, C. Fritz, Paul Goldsmith-Pinkham, Jonathan

Greenstein, and Eric Zwick. Opting Out of Good
Governance. NBER Working Paper Series, No.
19953, March 2014.
Ferraz, Claudio, Fred Finan, and Diana Moreira.
Corrupting Learning: Evidence from Missing Federal Education Funds in Brazil. Journal of Public Economics 96, nos. 910 (October 2012): 712726.

Frick, Mira, and Yuhta Ishii. Innovation Adoption

under Forward-Looking Social Learning. Working
Paper, 2013.
Frick, Mira. Monotone Threshold Representations.
Working Paper, 2013.
Frick, Mira, and Ryota Iijima. A Warring Selves Model
of Random Choice and Delay. Working Paper, 2014.

Kullgren, Jeffrey, Andrea Troxel, George Loewenstein, Laurie Norton, Dana Gatto, Yuanyuan Tao,
Jingsan Zhu, Heather Schofield, Judy Shea, David Asch, Thomas Pellathy, Jay Driggers, and Kevin
Volpp. A Randomized Controlled Trial of Employer Matching of Deposit Contracts to Promote Weight
Loss. Working Paper, 2013.

Lee, James. Changes in US Manufacturing Agglomeration, 1880-1980. Working Paper, 2014.

Lee, James, and Oren Ziv. The Denser the Better? Manufacturing Productivity and Urban Growth
during US Zoning Law Expansion, 1910-1940.
Working Paper, 2014.
Lee, James. Endowment Effects? Local Economic
Impacts from the Shale Gas and Oil Boom. Working Paper, 2014.
Lee, James. Human Capital for the Long Run: the

Frick, Mira, and Assaf Romm. Rational Behavior

under Correlated Uncertainty. Working Paper, 2014
(submitted).
Fuster, Andreas, Benjamin Hbert, and David I.
Laibson. Natural Expectations, Macroeconomic Dynamics, and Asset Pricing. NBER Macroeconomics
Annual 2011, 26 (2011): 1-48.
Fuster, Andreas, Benjamin Hbert, and David I.
Laibson. Investment Dynamics with Natural ExpecR E S E A R C H , 2 014

Working Paper 12-063, 2012. Journal of Public

Economics. (Revise and Resubmit).
Nathanson, Charles G., and Eric Zwick. Arrested
Development: Theory and Evidence of Supply-Side
Speculation in the Housing Market. Working Paper, 2014.
Oster, Emily, and M. Bryce Millett. Do Call Centers
Promote School Enrollment? Evidence from India.
NBER Working Paper Series No. 15922 (2010).

Powers, Thomas . Financial Constraints and

Risk-Taking: Evidence from the Film Industry.
Working Paper 2014.
Romm, Assaf. Implications of Capacity Reduction
and Entry in Many-to-One Stable Matching. Social
Choice and Welfare (forthcoming).
Romm, Assaf. Building Reputation at the Edge of
the Cliff. March 2014. Mimeo.
Shorrer, Ran I. Solution to Exchanges 10.2 Puzzle: Borrowing in the Limit as Our Nerdiness Goes
to Infinity. SIGecom Exchanges 11, no. 1 (June
2012): 3941.
Slonim, Robert, Carmen Wang, Ellen Garbarino, and
Danielle Merrett. Opting-in: Participation Biases in
Economic Experiments. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 90 (June 2013): 4370.
Sweeney, Richard, and Thomas Wollmann. Two-period Approximations for Estimating Dynamic
Games. Working Paper, 2014.

Tabakovic, Haris, and Thomas Wollmann. Rose

Bowl to Research Budget: Measuring Returns to
University R&D Using College Football. Working
Paper, 2014.
Taubinsky, Dmitry. Network Architecture and the
Left-Right Spectrum. B.E. Journals of Theoretical
Economics: Contributions to Theoretical Economics
11, no. 1 (2011): 1-23.
Wollmann, Thomas. Trucks Without Bailouts: Equilibrium Product Characteristics for Commercial Vehicles. Working Paper, 2014.
Yang, David C. Derivatives and Disagreement.
Working Paper, 2014.
Yang, David C. Firesales and Primary vs Secondary
Market Interventions. Working Paper, 2013.
Yang, David C., and Fan Zhang. Do Options Impact
the Stock Market?. Working Paper, 2013.
Yang, David C., and Fan Zhang. Can the Equity
Risk Premium be Negative? Working Paper, 2013.
Zwick, Eric, and James Mahon. Do Financial Frictions Amplify Fiscal Policy? Evidence from Business
Investment Stimulus. Working Paper, 2014.
Zwick, Eric. Regulators vs. Zombies: Loss Overhang and Lending in a Long Slump (forthcoming).
H ARVA R D BU SI N ESS SCH OO L D O C T O R A L P R O G R A M S

ABSTRACT
Coles, Peter, and Ran Shorrer. Optimal Truncation in Matching Markets. Games and Economics Behavior (forthcoming).
Since no stable matching mechanism can induce truth-telling as a dominant strategy for all participants, there is often room in matching markets for strategic misrepresentation (Roth).
In this paper we study a natural form of strategic
misrepresentation: reporting a truncation of ones
true preference list. Roth and Rothblum prove an
important but abstract result: in certain symmetric,
incomplete information settings, agents on one side
of the market (the women) optimally submit some
truncation of their true preference lists. In this paper we put structure on this truncation, both in symmetric and general settings, when agents must submit preference lists to the Men-Proposing Deferred
Acceptance Algorithm. We first characterize each
womans truncation payoffs in an incomplete information setting in terms of the distribution of her
achievable mates. The optimal degree of truncation
can be substantial: we prove that in a uniform setting, the optimal degree of truncation for an individual woman goes to 100% of her list as the market size grows large, when other women are truthful.
In this setting, we demonstrate the existence of an
equilibrium where all agents use truncation strategies. Compared to truthful reporting, in any equilibrium in truncation strategies, welfare diverges for men
and women: women prefer the truncation equilibrium, while men would prefer that participants truthfully report. In a general environment, we show that
the less risk averse a player, the greater the degree
of her optimal truncation. Finally, when correlation
in preferences increases, players should truncate
less. While several recent papers have focused on
the limits of strategic manipulation, our results serve
as a reminder that without the pre-conditions ensuring truthful reporting, even in settings where agents
have little information, the potential for manipulation can be significant.
ABSTRACT
Hassidim, Avinatan, and Assaf
Romm. An Approximate Law of
One Price in Random Assignment
Games. February 2014. Mimeo.
Assignment games represent a tractable yet versatile model of two-sided markets with
transfers. We study the likely properties of the core
of randomly generated assignment games. If the
joint productivities of every firm and worker are i.i.d
bounded random variables, then with high probability all workers are paid roughly equal wages, and all
firms make similar profits. This implies that core allocations vary significantly in balanced markets, but

that there is core convergence in even slightly unbalanced markets. We provide a tight bound for the
workers share of the surplus under the firm- optimal
core allocation. We present simulation results suggesting that the phenomena analyzed appear even
in medium-sized markets. Finally, we briefly discuss
the effects of unbounded distributions and the ways
in which they may affect wage dispersion.
ABSTRACT

Dragusanu, Raluca. Firm-to-Firm

Matching along the Global Supply
Chain. Working Paper, 2014.
Despite its importance for international trade, our understanding of
the matching process between importing and exporting firms remains limited. To shed light on this
question, I use confidential U.S. customs data to
match firm-level information of Indian manufacturing exporters from the CMIE-Prowess database with
firm-level information of their U.S. importers from
the Census Longitudinal Business Database. I develop a model of sequential production in which buyers
(importers) engage in costly search for suppliers (exporters) to control a production stage and optimally decide the amount of investment in search. The
model shows that the marginal benefit of assigning
a high-productivity supplier to a given stage increases with the downstreamness of the stage of production, and relatively more when the final product is
less differentiated. Focusing on firm size as a proxy
for firm performance, the matched data highlights
three key facts that are consistent with the model predictions and are robust to different empirical
strategies. First, there is positive assortative matching between U.S. buyers and their Indian suppliers.
The elasticity of average buyer size with respect to
Indian firm size is around 0.2. Second, the strength
of positive matching increases with the proximity to
final use of the product traded. The magnitude of the
buyer size elasticity is 0.5 when Indian firms supply
final products to U.S. firms, and close to zero when
they supply intermediate products. Finally, matching is strongerand more sensitive to downstreamnesswhen the demand elasticity faced by the U.S.
buyer is high.

HEALTH POLICY MANAGEMENT

David, G., Gunnarsson, C., Philip Saynisch, Chawla, R., & Nigam, S. Do Patient-Centered Medical
Homes Reduce Emergency Department Visits? December, 2013. (under review.)
Ellner, Andrew, Christine Pace, Scott S. Lee, Jonathan Weigel, and Paul Farmer. Embracing Complexity: Towards Integrated Biosocial Platforms for
Health Service Delivery, In Structural Approaches to Public Health, edited by Marni Sommer, and
Richard Parker. New York: Routledge Press, 2013.
Huckman, Robert S., Hummy Song, and Jason R.
Barro. Cohort Turnover and Productivity: The July
Phenomenon in Teaching Hospitals. Working Paper, 2014.

Jung, Olivia S., Julia Kite, Wei Jiang, Dante Conley,

Mathew V. Kiang, Lyen Huang, Ashley Kay Childers,
Lizabeth Edmondson, William R. Berry, and Sara J.
Singer. Factors Associated with Successful Implementation of Delivery System Innovations: Lessons
From Safe Surgery 2015. Working Paper, 2014.
Lee, Scott S. Awards Unbundled: Evidence from
a Natural Field Experiment, with Nava Ashraf and
Oriana Bandiera. Journal of Economic Behavior and
Organization (forthcoming).
Lee, Scott S, Nava Ashraf and Oriana Bandiera.
Do-gooders and Ladder-climbers: Career Incentives, Selection, and Performance in Public Service
Delivery. Working Paper, 2014.
Lee, Scott S. Intrinsic Incentives: A Field Experiment on Leveraging Intrinsic Motivation in Public
Service Delivery. Working Paper, 2014.
Porter, Michael E., Scott S. Lee, Joseph Rhatigan
and Jim Yong Kim. Partners in Health: HIV Care
in Rwanda. HBS No. 709-474, Boston: Harvard
Business School Publishing, 2009. (Revised 2010).

Song, Hummy, Alyna T. Chien, Josephine Fisher,

Julia Martin, Antoinette S. Peters, Karen Hacker,
Meredith B. Rosenthal, and Sara J. Singer. Team
Dynamics, Work Satisfaction, and Patient Care Coordination among Primary Care Providers. Working
Paper, 2014.
Song, Hummy, Anita L. Tucker, and Karen L. Murrell. The Diseconomies of Queue Pooling: An Empirical Investigation of Emergency Department
Length of Stay. Management Science (Revise and
Resubmit).
Song, Hummy, Alyna T. Chien, Josephine Fisher, Julia Martin, Antoinette S. Peters, Karen Hacker, Meredith B. Rosenthal, and Sara J. Singer. Development and Validation of the Primary Care Team
Dynamics Survey. Health Services Research (Revise and Resubmit).
R E S E A R C H , 2 014

MANAGEMENT

ABSTRACTS

Lee, Scott S. Intrinsic Incentives: A

Field Experiment on Leveraging Intrinsic Motivation in Public Service
Delivery. Working Paper, 2014.
Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation likely jointly explain the effort of many agents engaged
in public service delivery. In the context of a maternal health program in rural India, I develop a mobile phone-based intrinsic incentive technology
designed to increase agents intrinsic returns to effort. In a randomized experiment, I test one version
designed to have a larger effect on intrinsic utility
against another designed to be less powerful. After
one year, the experiment reveals that demand for both
technologies is high, but is higher for the high-powered incentive in a manner that interacts positively with health workers intrinsic motivation. Similarly
regarding performance, although average treatment
effects are muted, the high-powered intrinsic incentive is most effective when it leverages pre-existing
intrinsic motivation; it produces a 38.4% increase in
performance in the top tercile of intrinsically motivated workers. This effect appears to be mediated purely by making effort more intrinsically rewarding, and
not by other mechanisms such as providing implicit extrinsic incentives and facilitating social visibility.
ABSTRACT

Song, Hummy, Anita L. Tucker, and

Karen L. Murrell. The Diseconomies
of Queue Pooling: An Empirical Investigation of Emergency Department Length of Stay. Management
Science (revise and resubmit).
We conduct an empirical investigation of the impact of
two different queue management systems on throughput times. Using an Emergency Departments (ED) patient-level data (N = 231,081) from 2007 to 2010,
we find that patients lengths of stay (LOS) were longer when physicians were assigned patients under a
pooled queuing system, compared to when each physician operated under a dedicated queuing system. The
dedicated queuing system resulted in a 10 percent decrease in LOSa 32-minute reduction in LOS for an
average patient of medium severity in this ED. We propose that the dedicated queuing system yielded shorter
throughput times because it provided physicians with
greater ability and incentive to manage their patients
flow through the ED from arrival to discharge. Consistent with social loafing theory, our analysis shows that
patients were treated and discharged at a faster rate in
the dedicated queuing system than in the pooled queuing system. We conduct additional analyses to rule out
alternate explanations, such as stinting on care and
decreased quality of care. Our paper has implications
for health care organizations and others seeking to reduce throughput time, resource utilization, and costs.
H ARVA R D BU SI N ESS SCH OO L D O C T O R A L P R O G R A M S

Altman, Elizabeth J., Frank Nagle, and Michael

Tushman. Technology and Innovation Management. In Oxford Bibliographies: Management, edited by Ricky W. Griffin. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
Altman, Elizabeth J., and Mary Tripsas. Product to
Platform Transitions: Implications of Organizational
Identity. In Oxford Handbook of Creativity, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship: Multilevel Linkages, edited C. Shalley, M. Hitt & J. Zhou. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, forthcoming.
Altman, Elizabeth J., Frank Nagle, and Michael Tushman. Innovating without Information Constraints: Organization, Communities, and Innovation when Information Costs Approach Zero. In Oxford Handbook of
Creativity, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship: Multilevel Linkages, edited by C. Shalley, M. Hitt & J. Zhou.
Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, forthcoming.
Battilana, Julie, Matthew Lee, Cheryl Dorsey and John
Walker. In Search of the Hybrid Ideal. Stanford Social Innovation Review, Summer 2012: 51-55.
Hagiu, Andrei, and Elizabeth J. Altman. Intuit
QuickBooks: From Product to Platform. HBS Teaching Note 714-477, 2014.
Hagiu, Andrei, and Elizabeth J. Altman. Intuit
QuickBooks: From Product to Platform. HBS No.
714-433. Boston: Harvard Business School Publishing, 2013.
Lakhani, Karim R., Hila Lifshitz-Assaf, and Michael Tushman. Open Innovation and Organizational Boundaries: Task Decomposition, Knowledge
Distribution and the Locus of Innovation. In Handbook of Economic Organization: Integrating Economic and Organization Theory, edited by Anna Grandori,
355382. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2013.

Lee, Matthew. Mission and Markets? The Organizational Viability of Hybrid Social Ventures. (Job
market paper).
Lee, Matthew, and Christopher Marquis. Large Corporations, Social Capital and Community Social Welfare: Evidence from Organized Community Philanthropy, 1948-1997. Academy of Management
Journal (Revise and Resubmit).
Lee, Matthew, and Julie Battilana. How the Zebra
Got its Stripes: Imprinting of Individuals and Hybrid
Social Ventures. HBS Working Paper, No. 14-005,
2013. (under review, Organization Science.)
Lifshitz-Assaf, Hila, Michael Tushman, and Karim
R. Lakhani. Innovating How to Innovate: Evolutionary Model of Dynamic R&D Paths with Shifting Loci
of Innovation. Working Paper, 2013.
Lifshitz-Assaf, Hila. Found in Translation: Decoupling

Problem Formulation from Problem Solving and Opening the Solution Space. Working Paper, 2013.

Lifshitz-Assaf, Hila. From Problem Solvers to Solution Seekers: The Co-evolving Knowledge Boundary
and Professional Identity Work of R&D Organizational Members at NASA. Working Paper, 2013. (Job
market paper, in preparation for submission to Administrative Science Quarterly.)
Neeley, Tsedal, Patricia Satterstrom, and Michael
I. Norton. When (Talking) Less is More: Decreasing Communication in the Face of Language Barriers Improves Team Performance. Working Paper,
2014 (under review).

Satterstrom, Patricia, Jeffrey Polzer, and Robert

Wei. Reframing Hierarchical Interactions as Negotiations to Promote Change in Health Care Systems.
Handbook of Conflict Management (forthcoming).
Tadmor, Carmit, Patricia Satterstrom, Sujin Jang,
and Jeffrey Polzer. Beyond Individual Creativity:
The Superadditive Benefits of Multicultural Experience for Collective Creativity in Culturally Diverse
Teams. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 43,
no. 3 (April 2012): 384392.
ABSTRACT

Lee, Matthew. Mission and Markets? The Organizational Viability of

Hybrid Social Ventures. (Job market
paper).
This paper investigates the consequences of commercialization for early-stage social ventures. When such ventures solve social problems by incorporating aspects of the business form,
they introduce ambivalence of goals and depart from
well-accepted templates of organization. They consequently risk being undervalued by external resource
providers, while also creating conditions for the emergence of internal conflict. Using a novel, longitudinal
dataset of nascent social ventures, I examine the impact of commercialization on the achievement of important entrepreneurial milestones. I find that commercialization reduces the rate at which ventures
reach these milestones, including the acquisition of
external capital, hiring of the first employee, and attainment of legal status. However, results also suggest that these effects are mitigated for ventures in
which the social mission is achieved through integrated practices that simultaneously advance the goals of
both business and charitable forms.

NASA. Working Paper, 2013. (Job market paper, in

preparation for submission to Administrative Science Quarterly.)
Scholars have long examined the organizational
knowledge creation processes related to innovation.
Many of these studies have investigated the relationship between knowledge boundary crossing mechanisms and innovation outcomes. A separate group of
scholars have studied how innovation outcomes are
shaped by identity of organizational members. Based
on an in-depth longitudinal field study of NASAs
experimentation with opening knowledge boundaries through Web platforms and communities, I illustrate the co-evolving relationship between knowledge boundary work, identity work, and innovation.
The opening of knowledge boundaries produced important scientific breakthroughs rapidly and with
few resources. This opening of knowledge boundaries, however, challenged both the fundamental way
these engineers and scientists worked as well as
their professional identity. Prior literature on knowledge boundary work and professionalism predicts a
boundary protection reaction to such a challenge; I
observe this reaction but I also find a powerful contrasting reaction: boundary dismantling. Indeed
some organizational members did act to protect their
knowledge boundaries and professional identity as
problem solvers, but others deliberately dismantled their knowledge boundaries and reconstructed
their professional identity from problem solvers to
solutions seekers. This was a significant transformation both in the R&D knowledge creation process
and the members professional identity and capabilities. I discuss implications of these findings for theories on knowledge and innovation and suggest directions for future research.

ABSTRACT

Lifshitz-Assaf, Hila. From Problem

Solvers to Solution Seekers: The
Co-evolving Knowledge Boundary
and Professional Identity Work of
R&D Organizational Members at
R E S E A R C H , 2 014

MARKETING

closure. Working Paper, 2013.

Baucells, M., and Silvia Bellezza. Temporal Profiles of Instant Utility during Anticipation and Recall. In preparation for submission at Management
Science.

Mohan, Bhavya, Pierre Chandon, and Jason Riis.

Improving Consumer Evaluation of Marketing Offers Framed in Terms of Percentage Changes in Cost
vs. Benefit: The Role of the Availability and Type of
Rate Information. Working Paper, 2013.

Bellezza, Silvia, and Joshua M. Ackerman. Be

Careless with That! Availability of Product Upgrades
Increases Cavalier Behavior toward Possessions.
Journal of Consumer Research (revise and resubmit).
Bellezza, Silvia, Francesca Gino, and Anat Keinan.
The Red Sneakers Effect: Inferring Status and Competence from Signals of Non-conformity. Journal of
Consumer Research 41 (June 2014).
Bellezza, Silvia, Anat Keinan, and Neeru Paharia.
Conspicuous Consumption of Time: When Busyness Becomes a Status Symbol. In preparation for
submission at the Journal of Consumer Research.
Bellezza, Silvia, and Anat Keinan. Brand Tourists:
How Non-Core Users Enhance the Brand Image by
Eliciting Pride. Journal of Consumer Research 42
(August 2014).
Bellezza, Silvia, Francesca Gino, and Anat Keinan.
The Surprising Benefits of Nonconformity. MIT
Sloan Management Review (Spring 2014).
Buell, Ryan W., Tami Kim, and Chia-Jung Tsay.
Creating Value Through Reciprocal Transparency.
Working Paper, 2013.

Davin, Joseph P., Sunil Gupta, and Mikolaj Jan Piskorski. Separating Homophily and Peer Influence
with Latent Space. HBS Working Paper, No. 14053, 2014.
Elberse, Anita, Clarence Lee, and Lingling Zhang.
Viral Videos: The Dynamics of Online Video Advertising Campaigns. (Revise and Resubmit at Marketing Science.)

Kim, Tami, Leslie John, Todd Rogers, and Michael

Norton. What Voting Begets: Understanding and
Managing the Unintended Consequences of Empowerment. Working Paper, 2013.
Kireyev, Pavel, Koen Pauwels, and Sunil Gupta. Do
Display Ads Influence Search? Attribution and Dynamics in Online Advertising. HBS Working Paper
13070, 2013.
Lee, Clarence, Elie Ofek, and Thomas Steenburgh.
Where do the Most Active Customers Originate and
How Can Firms Keep Them Engaged? Working Paper, 2013. (Revise and Resubmit at Management
Science.)
Lee, Clarence, Vineet Kumar, and Sunil Gupta. Designing Freemium: a Model of Consumer Usage, Upgrade, and Referral Dynamics. (Job Market Paper.)
Mohan, Bhavya, Ryan Buell, and Leslie John. Lifting the Veil: Cost Transparency as Intimate Firm DisH ARVA R D BU SI N ESS SCH OO L D O C T O R A L P R O G R A M S

Zhang, Lingling, and Anita Elberse. Blurred Lines:

Do Live-Music Sales Drive Recorded-Music Sales?
Working Paper, 2014.
Zhang, Ting, Tami Kim, Alison Wood Brooks, Francesca Gino, and Michael Norton. A Present for the
Future: The Unexpected Value of Rediscovery. Psychological Science (Revise and Resubmit).
ABSTRACT

Bellezza, Silvia, Francesca Gino, and

Anat Keinan. The Red Sneakers Effect: Inferring Status and Competence
from Signals of Non-conformity. Journal of Consumer Research 41 (2014).
This research examines how people react to nonconforming behaviors, such as entering a luxury boutique wearing gym clothes rather than an elegant
outfit or wearing red sneakers in a professional setting. Nonconforming behaviors, as costly and visible
signals, can act as a particular form of conspicuous
consumption and lead to positive inferences of status and competence in the eyes of others. A series of
studies demonstrates that people confer higher status and competence to nonconforming rather than
conforming individuals. These positive inferences
derived from signals of nonconformity are mediated
by perceived autonomy and moderated by individual differences in need for uniqueness in the observers. An investigation of boundary conditions demonstrates that the positive inferences disappear when
the observer is unfamiliar with the environment,
when the nonconforming behavior is depicted as unintentional, and in the absence of expected norms
and shared standards of formal conduct.
ABSTRACT

Davin, Joseph P., Sunil Gupta, and Mikolaj Jan Piskorski. Separating Homophily and Peer Influence with Latent
Space. HBS Working Paper, No. 14053, 2014.
We study the impact of peer behavior on the adoption of mobile apps in a social network. To identify
social influence properly, we introduce latent space
as an approach to control for latent homophily, the
idea that birds of a feather flock together. In a series of simulations, we show that latent space coordinates significantly reduce bias in the estimate of
social influence. The intuition is that latent coordinates act as proxy variables for hidden traits that give

rise to latent homophily. The approach outperforms

existing methods such as including observed covariates, random effects, or fixed effects. We then apply
the latent space approach to identify social influence
on installation of mobile apps in a social network. We
find that peer influence accounts for 27% of mobile
app adoptions, and that latent homophily inflates
this estimate by 40% (to 38%). In some samples,
ignoring latent homophily can result in overestimation of social effects by over 100%.

ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
Anteby, Michel and Curtis K. Chan. Invisible
Work. In Sociology of Work: An Encyclopedia, edited by V. Smith. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2013.
Beljean, Stefan, and Curtis K. Chan. At the Cutting
Edge of Comparative Cultural Sociology: A Mini-Conference Report from the 2013 Eastern Sociological
Society Annual Meeting. Culture: American Sociological Association Section on the Sociology of Culture Newsletter 26, no. 1 (2013): 15.

Chan, Curtis K. Book Review: Money At Work: On

the Job with Priests, Poker Players, and Hedge Fund
Traders, by Kevin J. Delaney. Work & Occupations.
40, no. 2 (2013): 326-328.
Chua, Roy Y.J., Shaohui Chen, and Lisa Kwan.
CDG: Managing in Chinas Economic Transformation. HBS No. 411-067. Boston: Harvard Business
School Publishing, 2010.
Cuddy, Amy J.C., Caroline A. Wilmuth, J. Yap,
and Dana R. Carney. Preparatory Power Posing Affects Nonverbal Presence and Job Interview Performance. Journal of Applied Psychology (Revise and
resubmit).
Cuddy, Amy J.C., and Elizabeth Baily Wolf. Punishment and Prescribed Overcompensation for Deviant
Moms: How Race and Work Status Affect Judgments
of Moms. In Gender and Work: Challenging Conventional Wisdom, edited by Robin Ely, and Amy J.C. Cuddy. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2013.

Fernandes, Catarina R., and Jeffrey T. Polzer. Diversity in Groups. In Emerging Trends in the Social and Behavioral Sciences, edited by Robert A.
Scott, and Stephen M. Kosslyn. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley
& Sons, Inc (under review).
Gardner, Heidi K., and Lisa B. Kwan. Expertise Dissensus: A Multi-level Model of Teams Differing Perceptions about Member Expertise. HBS Working
Paper 12-070, 2012.
Gibson, Jane Whitney, Wei Chen, Erin L. Henry,
John Humphreys, and Yunshan Lian. Mary Parker Follett: Examining Her Work Through Critical Biography. Journal of Management History 19, no. 4
(2013): 441-458.
Gibson, Jane Whitney, Russell Clayton, Jack Deem,
Jacqueline Einstein, and Erin L. Henry. Viewing the
Work of Lillian M. Gilbreth Through the Lens of Critical Biography, Journal of Management History (revise and resubmit).
Gulati, Ranjay, Franz Wohlgezogen, and Pavel Zhelyazkov. The Two Facets of Collaboration: Cooperation and Coordination in Strategic Alliances. Academy of Management Annals 6 (2012): 531583.

Hansen, Elizabeth. Diving into the Garbage Can:

R E S E A R C H , 2 014

Organizational Identity and Social Defenses Against

Decision-Making in a High-Technology Firm. Working Paper, 2014.

es and the Recreation of Work in a Professional Service Firm. Working Paper, 2014.

Henderson, Rebecca, Erin L. Henry, and Ian McKown Cornell, EPB: Energizing Chattanooga, HBS
No. N9-313-097. Boston: Harvard Business School
Publishing, 2013.

Polzer, Jeffrey T., and Lisa Kwan. When Identities, Interests, and Information Collide: How Subgroups Create Hidden Profiles in Teams. In Looking
Back, Moving Forward: A Review of Group and TeamBased Research (Research on Managing Groups and
Teams, Volume 15), edited by Margaret A. Neale and
Elizabeth A. Mannix. Bingley, UK: Emerald Group
Publishing, 2012.

Henry, Erin L. Not Just Keeping the Lights On:

Stakeholder Engagement for Mutual Gain at a Utility. Working Paper, 2014.

Polzer, Jeffrey T., Patricia Satterstrom, Lisa Kwan,

and Fon Wiruchnipawan. Thin Slices of Teams.
Working Paper, 2013.

Jang, Sujin. Bringing Worlds Together: Cultural Brokerage in Multicultural Teams. Working Paper, 2013.

Rashid, Faaiza, Amy C. Edmondson, and Herman

B. Leonard. Leadership Lessons from the Chilean
Mine Rescue. Harvard Business Review 91, nos.
7/8 (JulyAugust 2013): 113119.

Hansen, Elizabeth, and Melissa Mazmanian. Work,

Technology and the Expressive Value of Temporal Resources. Working Paper, 2014.

Jang, Sujin, and Roy Chua. Building Intercultural

Trust at the Negotiating Table. In Negotiation Excellence: Successful Deal Making, edited by Michael
Benoliel. Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific Publishing Company, 2011.
Jang, Sujin, and George Alvarez. From Seeing Dots
to Perceiving Social Cues: Mapping the Relationship
between Visual Processing and Social Perceptiveness. Working Paper, 2012.
Jang, Sujin, Justin Monticello, Sam Ten Cate, and
J. Richard Hackman. Were Halfway There? The Effects of Time on Group Processes and Outcomes.
Working Paper, 2012.
Jang, Sujin, Lakshmi Ramarajan, and Jeffrey T. Polzer. You Are Who You Befriend: How Online Social
Networks Shape Perceptions. Working Paper, 2012.
Manning, Ryann. FollowMe.IntDev.Com: International Development in the Blogosphere. In Popular Representations of Development: Insights from
Novels, Films, Television, and Social Media, edited
by David Lewis, Dennis Rodgers, and Michael Woolcock. New York: Routledge. 2013.

Rashid, Faaiza, and Amy C. Edmondson. Risky

Trust: How Multi-entity Teams Develop Trust in a High
Risk Endeavor. HBS Working Paper 11-089, 2011.
Rashid, Faaiza, and Amy C. Edmondson. Risky
Trust: How Teams Develop Trust in High-Risk Endeavours, Rotman Magazine, (Spring 2012).
Rashid, Faaiza, and Amy C. Edmondson. Risky
Trust: How Multi-entity Teams Develop Trust in High
Risk Endeavors. In Restoring Trust: Challenges and
Prospects Restoring Trust in Organizations and Leaders: Enduring Challenges and Emerging Answers,
edited by Roderick Kramer and Todd Pittinsky, New
York: Oxford University Press, 2012.
Rashid, Faaiza. Self-Organizing Networks. In Encyclopedia of Social Networks, edited by George Barnett. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2011.
Rashid, Faaiza. Collective Action and Social Movements. In Encyclopedia of Social Networks, edited
by George Barnett. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2011.

Manning, Ryann, Julie Battilana, and Lakshmi Ramarajan. Communicating Change: When Identity
Becomes a Source of Vulnerability for Institutional Challengers. Academy of Management Review;
and Best Paper Proceedings of the 2014 Academy
of Management Meeting. (Revise and Resubmit).

Rashid, Faaiza. Developing a Case Study for Interactive Learning: Purpose, Form and Methodology.
In The Owners Dilemma: Driving Success and Innovation in the Design and Construction Industry, edited by Barbara Bryson and Canan Yetmen. Norcross,
GA: Greenway Communications, 2010.

Manning, Ryann. A Place for Emotion: How Space

Structures Nurse-Parent Interactions in West African
Pediatric Wards. American Sociological Review;
and Best Paper Proceedings of the 2014 Academy
of Management Meeting. (Revise and Resubmit).

Sezer, Ovul, Ting Zhang, and Max Bazerman.

Overcoming the Outcome Bias: Making Process
Matter. Academy of Management Proceedings
(January 2013).

Neeley, Tsedal, Fon Wiruchnipawan, and Jeffrey T.

Polzer. Global Language Mandates Create Status
Differences for Nonnative Speakers. Working Paper, 2013.
Perlow, Leslie, Melissa Mazmanian and Elizabeth
Hansen. Team Time: Collective Temporal ResourcH ARVA R D BU SI N ESS SCH OO L D O C T O R A L P R O G R A M S

Tadmor, Carmit, Patricia Satterstrom, Sujin Jang,

and Jeffrey T. Polzer. Beyond Individual Creativity:
The Superadditive Benefits of Multicultural Experience for Collective Creativity in Culturally Diverse
Teams. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 43,
no.3 (April 2012): 384-392.
Tadmor, Carmit T., Ying-yi Hong, Melody M. Chao,

Fon Wiruchnipawan, and Wei Wang. Multicultural

Experiences Reduce Intergroup Bias through Epistemic Unfreezing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 103(2012): 750772.
Wilmuth, Caroline A., and A.J. Yap. Variations in
the Memory Accuracy-confidence Relationship: The
Effects of Context, Quantity, Modality, and Complexity of Information. (forthcoming).
Wiruchnipawan, Fon, and Roy Y.J. Chua. Intercultural Relationships and Creativity: Existing Research
and Future Directions. In Handbook of Culture and
Creativity: Basic Processes and Applied Innovations,
edited by A. Leung, L. Y-Y. Kwan and S. Liou. Oxford: U.K.: Oxford University Press, (forthcoming).
Wiruchnipawan, Fon. Involuntary Distractions:
Cognitive Stimulation or Disruption for Creativity.
Working Paper, 2014.
Wiruchnipawan, Fon, and Roy Y.J. Chua. Unlocking the Power of Dialectical Thinking: Moderating Effects of Supervisor Leadership Styles on Creativity.
Working Paper, 2013.
Wiruchnipawan, Fon, Jeffrey T. Polzer. Does Help
Matter? When and How Receiving Help Affects Work
Performance. Working Paper, 2013.
Zhang, Ting, Francesca Gino, and Max H. Bazerman.
Morality Rebooted: Exploring Simple Fixes to Our
Moral Bugs. HBS Working Paper 14-105, 2014.
Zhang, Ting, and Max H. Bazerman. Managerial
Decision Biases. In Encyclopedia of Management
Theory, edited by E. H. Kessler. Thousand Oaks, CA:
Sage, 2013.
Zhelyazkov, Pavel. When Does the Glue of Social
Ties Dissolve? Syndication Ties and Performance
Cues in Withdrawals from Venture Capital Syndicates,
1985-2009. Best Paper Proceedings of the 2014
Academy of Management Meeting (forthcoming).

tient deaths with public displays of anger and frustration toward the parents of their patients than to
comfort or reassure them. Combining literatures on
emotion management and on the impact of place
and space on social life, I show that two features of
these hospital wards the absence of private, back
stage areas and the presence of visibility without
control shape nurse-parent interactions and influence how nurses express and manage emotions. My
findings address important gaps in our understanding of the spatiality of emotion and extend our knowledge of workplace emotion management to a new social, cultural, and organizational environment one
which provides little space for processing emotions
behind the scenes, but does provide a place for anger and frustration.
ABSTRACT

Zhelyazkov, Pavel. When Does the

Glue of Social Ties Dissolve? Syndication Ties and Performance Cues in
Withdrawals from Venture Capital Syndicates, 1985-2009. Academy of
Management Best Paper Proceedings (forthcoming).
The present study integrates the economic and social perspectives on the stability of collaboration by
exploring how performance cues interact with interorganizational embeddedness in affecting firms
withdrawals from venture capital coinvestment syndicates. It finds that higher embeddedness decreases the probability of withdrawal, especially in the
face of negative general performance cues; however, the effect disappears in cases of negative collaboration-specific cues. The findings demonstrate the
limits to the power of embeddedness to increase the
stability of interorganizational collaboration.

ABSTRACT

Manning, Ryann. A Place for Emotion: How Space Structures

Nurse-Parent Interactions in West African Pediatric Wards. American Sociological Review; and Best Paper
Proceedings of the 2014 Academy of Management
Meeting. (Revise and Resubmit).
Workers who regularly confront the realities of life
and death, including health workers in high mortality
settings, are often expected, by themselves and others, to be experts at emotion management to align
their own emotions with organizationally- or professionally-defined feeling rules while deftly managing
the emotions of patients or clients. Using observational and interview data from three pediatric hospital wards in West Africa, however, I find that nurses
are twice as likely to respond to emergencies and paR E S E A R C H , 2 014

STRATEGY
Alusi, Annissa, Robert G. Eccles, Amy C. Edmondson, and Tiona Zuzul. Sustainable Cities: Oxymoron or the Shape of the Future? Harvard Business
School Working Paper 11-062, 2010 (revised 2011).
Edmondson, Amy C., Tiona Zuzul, and Robert Eccles. Learning from Sustainable Community Experiments. Early Ecocities. Economist: The Ideas Economy (blog), January 10, 2011.
Edmondson, Amy C., and Tiona Zuzul. Blending
Quantitative and Qualitative Methods in Organizational Research. In Palgrave Encyclopedia of Strategic Management, edited by David J. Teece and Mie
Augier. Palgrave Macmillan (forthcoming).
Eccles, Robert G., Annissa Alusi, Amy C. Edmondson, and Tiona Zuzul. Sustainable Cities: Oxymoron or the Shape of the Future? In Infrastructure
Sustainability and Design, edited by Spiro Pollalis,
Andreas Georgoulias, Stephen Ramos, and Daniel
Schodek. New York: Routledge, 2012.

Hugill, Andrea, and Jordan Siegel. Which Does More

to Determine the Quality of Corporate Governance in
Emerging Economies, Firms or Countries? HBS Working Paper 13055.
Short, Jodi L., Michael W. Toffel, and Andrea Hugill.
What Shapes the Gatekeepers? Evidence from
Global Supply Chain Auditors. HBS Working Paper
14-032, 2013.

Zuzul, Tiona, and Amy C. Edmondson. The Downside of Legitimacy Building for a New Firm in a Nascent Industry. HBS Working Paper 11-099, 2011
(revised 2013).
ABSTRACT
Short, Jodi L., Michael W. Toffel, and
Andrea R. Hugill. Monitoring the
Monitors: How Social Factors Influence Supply Chain Auditors. HBS
Working Paper 14-032, 2013 (revised 2014. Previously titled What Shapes the
Gatekeepers? Evidence from Global Supply Chain
Auditors.)
Supply chain auditors provide companies with strategic information about the practices of suppliers,
yet little is known of what influences auditors ability to identify and report dangerous, illegal, and unethical behavior at factories. Drawing on insights
from the literatures on street-level bureaucracy and
on regulatory and audit design, we theorize and investigate the factors that shape the practices of private supply chain auditors. We find evidence that
their reporting practices are shaped by an array of social factors, including an auditors experience, gender, and professional training; ongoing relationships
between auditors and audited factories; and gender
H ARVA R D BU SI N ESS SCH OO L D O C T O R A L P R O G R A M S

diversity on audit teams. By providing the first comprehensive and systematic findings on supply chain
auditing practices, our study suggests strategies for
designing more credible monitoring regimes.

TECHNOLOGY & OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT

Altman, Elizabeth J., Frank Nagle, and Michael L.
Tushman. Innovating without Information Constraints:
Organization, Communities, and Innovation when Information Costs Approach Zero. In Oxford Handbook of
Creativity, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship: Multilevel Linkages, edited by C. Shalley, M. Hitt & J. Zhou. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, forthcoming.
Altman, Elizabeth J., Frank Nagle, and Michael
L. Tushman. Technology and Innovation Management. In Oxford Bibliographies in Management, edited by Ricky W. Griffin. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
Berry Jaeker, Jillian, Anita L. Tucker, and Michael H.
Lee. Increased Speed Equals Increased Wait: The
Impact of a Reduction in Emergency Department Ultrasound Order Processing Time. HBS Working Paper 14-033, 2013.
Berry Jaeker, Jillian, and Anita Tucker. An Empirical
Study of the Spillover Effects of Workload on Patient
Length of Stay. HBS Working Paper, No. 13-052,
2012 (revised 2013).
Craig, Nathan, and Ananth Raman. Improving Store
Liquidation. Working Paper, 2013 (under revision).
Craig, Nathan, Nicole DeHoratius, and Ananth Raman. The Impact of Supplier Reliability on Retailer Demand. Working Paper, 2013 (under revision).
Craig, Nathan, Nicole DeHoratius, Yan Jiang, and
Diego Klabjan. Inventory Management with Purchase Order Errors and Rework. Working Paper,
2013 (under review).
Doshi, Anil R., Glenn W. S. Dowell, and Michael W.
Toffel. How firms respond to mandatory information disclosure. Strategic Management Journal 34
no. 10 (2013): 1209-1231.
Doshi, Anil R. Superstar Effects on Platforms.
Working Paper, 2014.
Greenstein, Shane, and Frank Nagle. Digital Dark
Matter and the Economics of Apache. Research
Policy 43 (4) (May 2014): 623-631.

Ibanez, Maria, and Anthony Pennington-Cross. Commercial Property Rent Dynamics in U.S. Metropolitan
Areas: An Examination of Office, Industrial, Flex and
Retail Space. Journal of Real Estate Finance and
Economics 46, no. 2 (February 2013): 232259.
McElheran, Kristina, Frank Nagle, and Steven Kahl.
Supply- Chain Based Network Effects in Information Technology Adoption. Working Paper, 2013.

Nagle, Frank, and Christopher Riedl. Online Word

of Mouth and Product Quality Disagreement. HBS
Working Paper 13-091, May 2013 (revised January 2014) (re-submitted to Management Science).
Nagle, Frank, and Christopher Riedl. Online Word
of Mouth and Product Quality Disagreement. Best
Paper Proceedings of the 2014 Academy of Management Meeting, forthcoming.
Nagle, Frank. Public Digital Goods and Firm Productivity. Working Paper, 2014.
Nagle, Frank. Stock Market Prediction via Social
Media: The Importance of Competitors. Working
Paper, 2013.
ABSTRACT
Greenstein, Shane and Frank Nagle.
Digital Dark Matter and the Economics of Apache. Research Policy
43 (4) (May 2014): 623-631.

for space offered by commercial property and how

that rental rate evolves over time. Rental rates reflect the value of the services provided by the property and can have a significant impact on the ability of
its owners to make monthly debt obligations. We investigate commercial property rent dynamics for 34
large metropolitan areas in the U.S. The dynamics
are studied from the second quarter of 1990 through
the second quarter of 2009 and the results are compared across four property types or uses (office, industrial, flex, and retail). There is substantial heterogeneity in both the long and short run responses to
changing demand and supply conditions. In general, the office market is the slowest to adjust back towards equilibrium while industrial and flex markets
adjust back to the long run equilibrium very quickly.
For industrial and office types, the speed of adjustment is substantially faster within quality segments
and is strongest for grade A properties.

Researchers have long hypothesized

that research outputs from government, university, and private company R&D contribute to economic growth, but these contributions may be difficult
to measure when they take a non-pecuniary form.
The growth of networking devices and the Internet
in the 1990s and 2000s magnified these challenges, as illustrated by the deployment of the descendent of the NCSA HTTPd server, otherwise known
as Apache. This study asks whether this experience
could produce measurement issues in standard productivity analysis, specifically, omission and attribution issues, and, if so, whether the magnitude is
large enough to matter. The study develops and analyzes a novel data set consisting of a 1% sample
of all outward-facing web servers used in the United States. We find that use of Apache potentially accounts for a mismeasurement of somewhere between
$2 billion and $12 billion, which equates to between
1.3% and 8.7% of the stock of prepackaged software
in private fixed investment in the United States and a
very high rate of return to the original federal investment in the Internet. We argue that these findings
point to a large potential undercounting of the rate
of return from IT spillovers from the invention of the
Internet. The findings also suggest a large potential
undercounting of digital dark matter in general.
ABSTRACT

Ibanez, Maria, and Anthony Pennington-Cross. Commercial Property

Rent Dynamics in U.S. Metropolitan
Areas: An Examination of Office, Industrial, Flex and Retail Space.
Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics 46,
no. 2 (February 2013): 232259.
This paper is concerned with the market rental rate

R E S E A R C H , 2 014

HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL

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