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Introduction
The thermal conductivity of underground formations is particularly the measurement of their ability to heat transfer. Its determination is critical parameter in the design of several technical projects
where heat transfer in soil takes place such as shallow geothermal systems, construction of buried pipes and high voltage cables in the ground.
Several researchers (De Vries, 1963, Tarnawski, 2000) have shown that thermal conductivity of soil, k, (W/(m.K)) depends on numerous parameters such as mineralogical composition, grain size of soil and
physical properties as moisture content (w, %), dry density (pd, gr/cm3) and saturation (Sr, %). It is experimentally and theoretical shown that these parameters have an influence on the electrical resistivity
(, .m) (Archie, 1942). The fact that both thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity depend on the same parameters, indicates the possibility of their interrelation.
The objective of our research is the investigation (qualitatively and quantitatively) of the influence of the soil physical parameters on thermal conductivity (k) and electrical resistivity () and the
development of an expression that can be used to relate electrical resistivity tomography and geotechnical data to produce soil thermal conductivity profiles.
In order to achieve the abovementioned goal, a series of experiments have been performed during which k and values of nine different soil types (of known mineralogical composition and grain size
distribution) were measured while varying moisture and dry density. The experimental procedure and the results are presented in this study.
Main Concept: Simultaneous measurement of thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity of model soil samples of known mineralogical
composition and grain size for different values of moisture [w%], dry density [pd gr/cm3] and, consequently, different Sr [%].
Material
Four different grain size materialcoarse, medium, fine sands and silty
clays- either plain or in predetermined
proportions - where used to generate
the soil samples.
soil type /%
mineralogy composition
Ca (Calcite)
Dol (Dolomite)
Qz (Quartz)
Fd (Feldspar)
Mi- C (Ilites, Moscovian,
Clorite, Kaolinite in case of
Kaol)
Gs
Kaol
-
CSi
53
L
60
1
20
6
SL
62
2
18
6
LS
65
2
17
6
Sf
45
25
5
SiL
55
0
23
5
95
2.53
30
13
Sm
80
5
5
0
Sc
87
3
3
3
17
2.64
16
2.64
13
2.65
12
2.66
11
2.66
12
2.66
10
2.67
4
2.67
15
14
13
D=5cm
12
D=4cm
11
10
D=3cm
D=2cm
8
7
D=2cm-pipe
D=1cm-pipe
5
4
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
72nd EAGE Conference & Exhibition incorporating SPE EUROPEC 2010. Barcelona, Spain, 14 - 17 June 2010
Comparing changes for Kaolinite and CSi, though the samples that
have similar granular composition and maximum thermal
conductivity in the same saturation value, we observe different
values of k in the whole range of Sr, mainly because of the different
mineral composition. [Figure 1- diagram 1]
3)
2)
1)
Saturation [%]
Saturation [%]
Saturation [%]
2)
Saturation [%]
3)
Saturation [%]
Saturation [%]
Generally we can observe a similarity among thermal and electrical conductivity (inverse of resistivity, )
with increasing saturation which can be interpreted by the increasing presence of water over the air in the
pore space that facilitates thermal and current transportation.
Loamy Sand
100
Saturation [%]
80
70
60
kexp-vs-Sr
0.5
kexp-vs-
0.4
50
0.3
w/meas
0.6
90
Furthermore it was found that thermal conductivity of soil, has similar variation either versus saturation or
dimensionless values of w/meas [Figure 3]. Consequently, if the thermal conductivity can be expressed as
function of saturation, it can be expressed as function of w/meas as well.
40
0.2
30
20
0.1
10
0
According to the above observations a correlation between the variation of thermal conductivity and
electrical resistivity can be established.
0
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
correlation of k and
correlation of k and
1.9
1.7
1.5
1.3
1.1
Si-C
0.9
SiL
1.00
w/meas
1.5
1.3
Loam
1.1
Loamy Sand
1.7
1.5
1.3
1.1
SandF
SandC
SandM
0.9
Sandy Loam
0.7
0.7
0.50
1.7
0.9
Kaol
0.00
1.9
exp(kexp/ks . w /meas)
1.9
exp(kexp/ks . w /meas)
exp(kexp/ks . w /meas)
Correlation of k and
1.50
0.7
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
w/meas
[Figure 4. Correlation of thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity of soils]
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
w/meas
0.40
0.50
At the present time, it is a subject of further research exploring various models of k and , in order to refine the above relation for the
development of robust model for the prediction of thermal conductivity of soils from electrical resistivity values.
References
De-Vries. (1963). Thermal Properties of soil. In V. W. Wijk (Ed.), In Physics of Plant Enviroment. Amsterdam: North Holland Publishing Company, 210-235.
Tarnawski, V., Gori, F., Wagner, B., & Buchan, G. (2000). Modelling approaches to predicting thermal conductivtiy of soil at high temperature. International J Energy Res (24), 403-423.
Archie, G.E. (1942). The electrical resistivity log as an aid in determining some reservoir characteristics. Petroleum Transactions American Institute of Mining. Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers 146, 5462.
Cook H. et al. (1980). Deep Sea drilling project. Initial Reports. University of California.
Bristow, K. L., Kluitenberg, G. J., Goding, C. J, Fitzgerald, T. S. (2001). A small multi-needle probe for measuring soil thermal properties, water content and electrical conductivity. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 265-280.
72nd EAGE Conference & Exhibition incorporating SPE EUROPEC 2010. Barcelona, Spain, 14 - 17 June 2010