DAS Bootcamp

Distributed Antenna Systems 101

Bryce Bregen, VP of Sales and Marketing

Bryce Bregen has more than 20 years of sales management and channel development expertise in telecom and
wireless. He manages all direct and indirect sales channels including enterprise, carrier and
manufacturing/distribution partners
partners. Since joining Connectivity Wireless,
Wireless Bregen has aggressively expanded sales
channels to extend in-building wireless services to all major markets across the U.S.
Bregen is a BICSI Corporate member as well as presenter for the BICSI organization on DAS trends. He is also a
t
team
member
b ffor DAS standards
t d d committee,
itt a councilil member
b off Th
The DAS FForum, a presenter
t ffor th
the A
American
i
Architect Institute, an ACUTA corporate member and presenter, and Carolinas and Atlanta Wireless Association
member.
Prior to Connectivity Wireless, Bregen held sales executive positions with several in-building wireless companies
and was responsible for driving sales revenue growth and expansion into multiple distribution channels. He also
previously managed nationwide sales for wireless and telecom companies, delivering services to Fortune 1000
companies across a wide range of industries including government and education, hospitality, healthcare, telecom
and wireless and has overseen more than 2,500 DAS installations.

Tyler Boyd, Nationwide Performance Engineer

As a performance RF engineer for Connectivity, Tyler applies his concentrated in-building wireless (DAS)
knowledge to ensure best-in-class system performance and consistent RF engineering throughout the
U.S.
With project experience spanning several industriesincluding hospitality, higher education,
commercial,
i l and
d sporting
ti and
d entertainmentBoyd
t t i
t B dh
has d
designed,
i d engineered,
i
d commissioned
i i
d and
d
managed some the nations largest venues, while providing extensive customer support throughout the
duration of each project.
Boyd is certified in all major DAS technologies.

Learning Objectives

About the Presenting Company

What is a DAS?
Wireless Industry Trends
The Players in the DAS Ecosystem
Drivers of DAS (Vertical Markets)
DAS C
Case St
Study
d
DAS Engineering Basics
Best Practices
Q&A

About Connectivity Wireless

CONNECTING EVERYONE, EVERYWHERE

Headquartered in Georgia

Nationwide service

Services focus on Distributed Antenna Systems

Proven service delivery model

Founded in 2008 by wireless industry veterans

2,500+ DAS solutions deployed

2,500

More than 100+ talented team members

Technology neutral

Degreed engineers, certified project managers and

technicians

More than 100 million square feet of DAS coverage

installed since 2012

Single or multi-service systems

What is a DAS?
Distributed Antenna System

What is a DAS?

A distributed antenna system, or DAS, is a network

of spatially separated antenna nodes connected to
a common transport mediumtypically coax or
fiber-optic cablethat provides wireless service
within an area, building or structure.

The DAS can be driven by a direct connection to a

p
/ g
radio base station of an off-air repeater/signal
booster.

Why DAS? To extend cellular and public safety

coverage and capacity to the inside of buildings.

DAS: How it Works

Donor
Antenna
In-building
In
building
Antennas

C
Coax

Public Safety
Donor Site

Coax
Cabling
Fiber Distribution
Remote Unit

Fiber
Distribution
Head- End
Equipment

Bi-directional
A lifi or R
Amplifier
Repeater
t
Fiber
Cabling

Head-end
Equipment Room

Cellular
Signal
Source

Simple Comparison of Types of IBW Systems

Feature

Passive DAS

Active DAS

Pico/Femto

Coverage and capacity

Coverage and capacity

Coverage and capacity

1-3 weeks

1-3 weeks

Few days

Carrier

Multi

Multi

Single

Band

Multi

Multi

Single

Scalability

Limited due to absence of

active electronics

Fully scalable

Limited by handover

End Use

Med-large
Med
large buildings
buildings, 100K
-500K sq. ft.)

Very large buildings 100K-1

100K 1
million sq. ft.

Small/medium, residential
Small/medium
and SOHO

Coverage vs. Capacity

Installation

Wireless Industry Trends

In-building Wireless (IBW)

DAS Market Today

Wireless services driven by data, multimedia and voice
Businesses running operations on smartphones
smartphones, tablets and aircards
80% of voice calls and 90% of data usage is indoors
Commercial customers need coverage for multiple carriers and
neutral-host environments- BYOD IT Strategy being implemented
DAS a necessity for businesses and their customers
Carriers are more challenged selling single-carrier DAS
Businesses
B i
are b
budgeting
d i ffor DAS

Wireless by the Numbers 2013

*Strong, continued growth in wireless usage, particularly data and multimedia services

Mobile data traffic was 1.5 Exabytes per month in 2013, the equivalent of 372 million DVDs each
month or 4,100 million text messages each second

Global mobile data traffic grew 81 percent last year

321.7 million subscriber connections (17% increase)

101% of US population uses wireless; 34% are wireless-only households

2.27 trillion SMS sent/received (9% increase)

56.6 billion MMS sent/received (64% increase)

Data traffic on wireless networks exceeds 1.1 trillion megabytes 104% increase over previous 12 mo.)

78.2 million active smartphones (57% increase)

270 million data-capable devices (5.3% increase)

Wireless
l
enabled
bl d tablets,
bl
llaptops and
d modems:
d
13.6 million (14.2% increase)

$68.3 billion in wireless data revenue or (38% of total revenue)

*Sources: CTIA Semi-Annual Surveys and Cisco VNI

DAS Market Tomorrow This is Next

Globally, mobile data traffic will reach 15.9 Exabytes per month by 2018, the equivalent of 3,965 million DVDs each month
or 43,709 million text messages each second

By 2018, 57 percent of IP traffic and 52 percent of consumer Internet traffic will originate from non-PC devices, up from 33
percent IP traffic and 15 percent consumer internet traffic in 2013.

Mobile traffic per user will reach 3,049 megabytes per month by 2018, up from 356 megabytes per month in 2013, a CAGR
of 54%.
Global IP traffic by device

Considering this rapid growth, ABI Research

predicts that DAS will be the most prevalent
between 2014 and 2019, accounting for more
than 60% of the in
building wireless market
in-building

DAS for Public Safety

Mandates for radio service for public safety
ICC & NFPA codes mandate first
first-responder
responder coverage
150+ local municipalities now mandate
public safety coverage inside large buildings
Indoor cellular/PCS service required for
E911 location
700 & 800 MHz bands allocated for fire and police
p
400,000 E911 calls per day (CTIA Semi-Annual Survey, Jan-June 2012)

According the FCC, 70% of E911 calls are made from

wireless
i l phones
h

Players in the Value Chain

The DAS Ecosystem

The Players in the DAS Ecosystem

DAS
OEMs

Wireless
Carriers

Consultants
A&E Firms

DAS
Integrator

E d
End-user
Customer
Cable
Contractors

Distribution

Roles in the Ecosystem

Customer

Drives demand for DAS

DAS OEMs

Manufactures the DAS components. Supports the integrators with

product training.

Wireless Carriers

Set the design standards. Provides the RF source. Participates in funding.

Distributors

Supplies
pp
inventoryy locally.
y Facilitates local trainingg and education. Works
with partners to generate opportunities.

Cable Contractors

Installs DAS cable infrastructure. Leverages their GC/end-user

relationships.

Consultants and A&E Firms

Educates the end-user and GC. Develops and publishes the bid spec.
Evaluates bid responses.

DAS Integrators

Interfaces with all ecosystem players to ensure successful deployment of

g implements
p
and supports
pp
the DAS. Coordinates carrier
the DAS. Designs,
funding and integration.

Ownership Models
Carrier
100% funded and
operated by carrier

Neutral-Host

Typically
T i ll single
i l carrier
i

100% funded and

operated by
independent third party
(i e tower company)
(i.e.,

Carriers may form

consortium

Owner leases space

back to the carriers

Neutral-host approach
remains untested

Neutral-host

Landlord
Funded by building
owner
Deployed
D l d and
d operated
t d
by DAS integrator
Carriers/3rd
/
p
parties mayy
partially fund
Multi-carrier

Drivers of DAS
Vertical Markets

Candidates for DAS

Offices/Corporate Campus
Retail/Shopping Malls
Healthcare/Hospitals
Airports/Train Stations
Manufacturing/Industrial
Hotels/Casinos/Convention Centers
Sports Venues/Stadiums
University Campuses
Government/Municipalities

Low E Glass
Low E Glass reflects or absorbs IR light (heat energy) AND radio waves, causing major inbuilding wireless coverage problems.

Drivers in Healthcare

78% of Americans expressed interest in mobile health (Harris Interactive & CTIA)

In 2013, mobile health monitoring was one of the 10 most popular mobile
applications (Gartner Research)

Clinicians are early adopters of wireless devices like smartphones and tablets

Approximately 80% of physicians currently use smartphones, with that number

expected to grow in the coming years

Mobile access to patients electronic medical records (EMR)

Mobile monitoring of patient vitals, lab results,

imaging exams, etc.

Ubiquitous RF radio communications coverage for

first responders to ensure public safety
(police, fire and EMS)

Drivers in Hospitality

Unlike a university or hospital, hotel or casino customers can

stay/go elsewhere if they experience poor cellular coverage

Travelers reliant on smartphones and data cards

Customer satisfaction and retention is driving DAS in the

hospitality sector

A meeting planner that books a conference at a hotel with

poor cellular coverage will only make that mistake once

Resort properties
How many people
l turn-off
ff their
h Blackberry
l kb
or iPhones
h
when
h
theyre on a short vacation? What corner of the property gets
coverage?

Similar to higher-education, hotel Wi-Fi deployment is likely a

l di iindicator
leading
di t ffor ffuture
t
DAS deployments
d l
t

Drivers in Higher Education

First-responders need reliable 2-way radio coverage in

all buildings, tunnels, basements, etc.

Student and faculty multi-carrier cell phone coverage is

a matter of convenience and safety

Demand for coverage in stadiums

Parents want instant access to their kids

Students use wireless as primary mode of voice and

data communications

Colleges/universities are decommissioning land lines in

d
dorms
and
db
buildings
ildi

32% of wireless users are wireless-only (no landlines)

Drivers in Public Venues

Stadiums, conference centers, malls and public transportation

hubs have too many users trying to access the wireless
network
at the same time

Large concentrations of people cause poor service, dropped

calls

Density of users affects venue directly AND wireless coverage

and capacity in the surrounding areas

Wireless network must support public safety and

communications for security personnel

Carriers eager to fund DAS in these venues to offload traffic

from macro network

DAS in Action
Case Studies

Turner Field Atlanta, Ga.

Challenge:

Fans, drivers on adjacent freeways and subscribers in surrounding areas could

not make calls due to coverage and capacity issues
Solution:

DAS network covers 800,000 sq. ft. to serve stadium holding up to 50,096 fans

DAS extends coverage to entire facility: upper/lower deck seating, all back-ofhouse area, locker rooms, press areas, concession stands and parking

6 sectors, expandable to 14

Collaborated with Andrew/CommScope on design and installed the complete

system

Met aggressive three-month deployment timeline with two, twelve-man crews

working 24 hours for the last month before go-live on opening day in April 2010

Designed to -65 dBm to overcome the existing macro network and ensure
coverage throughout

Service Provider: AT&T 2G and 3G service

University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics

Challenge:

University of Iowas campus is the second largest city in Iowa and was challenged with
wireless coverage and capacity issues

Physicians clinical and administrative staff demanded wireless coverage throughout

Physicians,
facility for cellular voice, data and healthcare applications to support delivery of highquality patient care services
Solution:

DAS network provides 95% coverage for 13 buildings and approximately 3 million square
feet

SOLiD DAS equipment utilized

DAS supports 700/800/900/1900/2100 MHz spectrum

Service Providers Supported: AT&T, Verizon, US Cellular, Sprint

Over 90,000 feet of coaxial cable with more than 60,000 feet of 12/48 strand SM fiber

135 remote units with 870 in-building wireless antennas

I
Installation
ll i time
i
fframe 12 months
h

Administrators plan to expand the DAS to other areas of campus

Waldorf Astoria Orlando and

Hilton
o Orlando
O a do Bonnet
o e Creek
ee
Challenge:
Needed to ensure reliable coverage for cell phones,
smartphones/iPhones and aircards for guests and road warriors
at new premium Waldorf Astoria and adjacent Hilton brand
property
Solution:
DAS network covers two hotels with 1,000 rooms and suites on
482 acres of woodlands an waterways
Reliable broadband wireless coverage for common areas,
restaurants shops and meeting spaces
restaurants,
Met aggressive 3-month deployment timeline with two, 12man crews working 24 hours for the last month before go-live
on opening day in April 2010
Full-service,
Full service turnkey solution including planning
planning, design
design, carrier
coordination, and installation
Service Providers: AT&T, Sprint, T-Mobile and Verizon

Athens Regional Medical Center

Challenge:
Physicians, clinical and administrative staff demanded
wireless
i l
coverage th
throughout
h t ffacility
ilit ffor cellular
ll l voice,
i d
data
t
and healthcare applications to support delivery of highquality patient care services
Solution:
DAS network covers 500,000 sq. ft. to serve most of the
buildings on campus; additional buildings to follow
DAS extends coverage most of the buildings and work areas
including main hospital, emergency department and parking
structures
five
five-month
month deployment timeline
Service Providers: AT&T, Sprint and Verizon

Daytona International Speedway

DAS Application
Installed for leading neutral host provider to support full
MIMO - Verizon Wireless and AT&T
22 million+ square foot speedway
Covers all indoor suite and outdoor areas of the facility

SOLiD
65 low power Alliance ROUs & 14 high power Titan ROUs
Efficient technology for this particular application
More than 80,000 feet of coaxial cable and 40,000 feet of 12
strand fiber
76 Omni and 156 oDAS Panel Antennas

Daytona International Speedway

Installation Photos

DAS Case Study: Tampa Convention Center &

Raymond
y
James Stadium

DAS Engineering Basics

Distributed Antenna Systems

The DAS Life Cycle

Why is Indoor Coverage Poor?

The building is acting as an RF shield

Fortified construction: hospitals, government buildings, etc.

Highly
g y tinted windows: energy-efficient,
gy
, green
g
buildingg efforts
Lack of coverage in below grade floors
Elevators and center areas of the building

High
g rise buildings
g ((typically
yp
y more than 15 floors))

High levels of RF interference from cell towers degrade service

Lower level and below-grade floors are often shadowed from towers (roof tops)

The buildingg is blocked from the tower byy other buildings

g
The WSP/PS Network Cell Site Tower is too far away
Some WSP tower locations may be closer than others

New technologies are being broadcast on higher frequencies

Is a Coverage System Required?

Wireless Service Provider (WSP) Commercial Services

Is there often less than 3 BARS on a phone?

Do people complain about poor cellular coverage indoors?
Do people need to stand next to a window to make a call?
D
Does
th
the owner wantt tto guarantee
t ffullll coverage??

Public Safetyy Services (police,

(p
, fire,, rescue))

Does the city have a first-responder in-building coverage ordinance?

Do first responders complain about poor 2-way radio coverage?
Is there coverage in the stairwells and elevators?
Do you have liability concerns?

DAS System Configurations

Passive DAS - Coax used to distribute RF signals
Only active component BDA/Repeater/Small Cell
Ideal
Id l solution
l ti ffor smaller
ll venues <150K
150K sq. ft.
ft
Limited growth or expansion capability
Parallel systems required for carrier and public safety
Do
D nott ttypically
i ll offload
ffl d th
the carriers
i macro network
t
k
Active DAS - Adds RF FO conversion, fiber, and distributed amplifiers

Commonly driven by cell site base stations

Scalable Single to multi-band/operator installations

Cost-effective multi-carrier coverage over 150,000 sq. ft.

Flexible for growth and expansion

One system for cellular carriers and 700/800/900 public safety

Offloads the carriers macro network if driven by BTS sources

Public Safety
NFPA Guidelines
NFPA 72 2010
Issued
I
d iin A
Aprilil off 2009
Only applicable if the municipality adopts this portion of the code

Require Public Safety coverage inside facilities

Fire, Police, First Responders

No building size is identified defines coverage

If the municipality adopts the codes - it would be enforceable for new buildings and major
renovations

Includes discussion on retransmission agreements

Public Safety officials want permission before rebroadcasting

Poor designs can harm coverage

Public Safety
99% coverage in critical areas include command center, elevator
lobbies, and exit stairs
90% coverage for remaining areas
Component enclosures in NEMA 4/4X type enclosure
Repeater equipment shall be FCC approved and certification
UPS requirements
Primary is dedicated branch circuit
Secondary is 12-hour battery backup

Annual
A
l ttesting
ti required
i d ffor active
ti components
t and
d system
t

The Correct Tools are Critical for Success

Site Surveys and Needs Analysis

iBwave Mobile
Si l G
Signal
Generators
t
Spectrum Analyzers
ZK Cell Test, Agilent, and/or SeeGull Ambient Signal Testers

Design
iBwave (equipment layout and propagation analysis)
AutoCAD (for construction drawing sets)

Commissioning

iOLM or similar OTDR test equipment

Spectrum Analyzers
Signal Generators
JDSU and/or PCTEL software

Coverage Needs Analysis

Coverage Needs Analysis

Two main factors that demonstrate signal:
RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator

Measured in dBm
-85 dBm is the typical threshold
Lower dBm ( e.g.
e g -95
95 dBm) = lower signal
No longer is -85 dBm a standard in the carrier world Todays DAS built on
Dominance

Quality
Typically a Signal to Noise based ratio Ec/Io, SQE, C/I
Thresholds vary per service provider
Noisy
N i room example
l (hi
(high
h rise)
i )

Coverage Needs Analysis

Methodology
+

Measure multiple service providers and technologies

Test signals are used to determine internal wall losses and
propagation characteristics
Log data layer on top of floor plan layer
Analyze log data with indoor mapping analysis software
Data is collected and post-processed
RSSI , RSRP, SQE and Quality
Overlay of floor plans
DAS enhancement recommendations are provided based on data

Public Safety Spectrum Analyzer Methods

Coverage Needs Analysis

University of
Iowa
Benchmark
Campus
Drive
All Reports
PDFs
PDF
Raw Data

Site Survey

Construction Site Survey

Equipment Room (ER Identification)

RF Obstacles such as stairs and elevators
Interior wall materials
Concrete vs. drywall
Ceiling heights and type
Drop-tile or hard ceiling
Cable pathways
Vertical chases
Horizontal cabling supports
(conduit, cable trays, J-hooks, etc.)
Existing RF systems
Power and Wall Space
MDF and IDF locations

Site Survey

Site Survey
Spectrum Analyzer
A
Ref Level :
-30.0
30 0

-30

M1: -97.46 dBm @ 899.0 MHz

dB
dBm

dB / Div :

-40

10.0 dB

-50
-60
dBm

-70
-80
80
-90
-100
-110
-120
M1

-130
864.5

868.0

871.5

CF: 881.5 MHz

RBW: 30 kHz
Std:
Min Sweep Time: 1.00 Milli Sec
Date: 08/27/2009
Model: MS2711D

875.0

878.5 882.0 885.5 889.0 892.5 896.0

Frequency (864.0 - 899.0 MHz)
SPAN: 35.00 MHz
Attenuation: 1 dB
VBW: 10 kHz
Detection: Pos. Peak

Time: 07:33:24
Serial #: 00844195

Site Survey
RF Obstacles such as stairs and elevators
Interior wall materials
Concrete vs. drywall

Ceiling heights and type

Drop-tile
Drop tile or hard ceiling

Purpose of building
Dense or open environment

Vertical chases
Between floors

Site Survey: Additional Questions

Existing RF systems
Roof Mount Area
Headend Equipment Room
Power and Wall Space
MDF and IDF locations
Type of cable fire vs. plenum

Head End Room Planning (BTS)

Space for wireless carrier Base Transceiver Stations (BTS)
Minimum of 200 square feet per wireless carrier
800 to 1,000
1 000 square feet to accommodate all carriers
Typically utilize existing MDF, but rooms can be retrofit to
accommodate head end equipment

Power requirements for the head-end room

100 to 150 Amps 208 VAC three phase per carrier

Environmental requirements for the head-end

2 tons HVAC per wireless carrier

Floor
Fl
LLoading
di
125 PSF for BTS equipment

In-building Design

Design

iBwave (RF-Vu + RF-Propagation) Industry standard software that predicts wireless

coverage for all major wireless technologies (LTE, CDMA, GSM, WiMAX, 802.11b/g/a) for a
variety
i t off DAS ttechnologies
h l i used
d tto produce:
d
Design Drawings highly detailed & accurate depiction of equipment placement including riser
diagrams and floor by floor layouts
Heat
Heat Maps color coded representation of predicted received RF levels

Bill of Materials Development determining accurate material quantities and types based
upon technical requirements and cost
Design
g Package
g Scope
p of Work,, Bill of Materials,, Link Budgets
g & Design
g Drawings
g

Design: Typical Frequencies & Technologies

AT&T
700/850/1900/2100 MHz (LTE, GSM and UMTS)

Verizon
700/850/1900/2100 MHz (LTE, CDMA and EVDO)

Spectrum Analyzer
A
Ref Level :
-30.0

-30

M1: -97.46 dBm @ 899.0 MHz

dBm

dB / Div :

-40
40

10.0 dB

Sprint PCS
800/1900 MHz (CDMA, LTE)

-60
-70
dBm

-50

-80
-90
-100
-110
-120
M1

T-Mobile
1900/2100 (GSM and UMTS)
Public Safety
450/700/800 MHz

-130
864.5

868.0

871.5

CF: 881.5 MHz

RBW: 30 kHz
Std:
Min Sweep Time: 1.00 Milli Sec
Date: 08/27/2009
Model: MS2711D

875.0

878.5

882.0

885.5

889.0

Frequency (864.0 - 899.0 MHz)

SPAN: 35.00 MHz
VBW: 10 kHz

Time: 07:33:24
Serial #: 00844195

892.5

896.0

Attenuation: 1 dB
Detection: Pos. Peak

Carriers and Wireless Frequencies

System Type

AT&T

Verizon

Sprint
Nextel

T-Mobile

GSM (Voice)

850, 1900

1900

EDGE (2G data)

850, 1900

1900

UMTS (3G data)

850, 1900

2100

HSDPA (3G)

850, 1900

2100

HSUPA (3G+)

850, 1900

2100

Metro PCS

Cricket

2100

2100

Public
Safety

HSPA+ (3G++)
LTE (4G data)

700

700, 2100

Wi-Max (4G data)

1900 , 2600
2600

150, 450, 700,

800 900
800,

Public Safetyy
CDMA2000 (Voice)

850, 1900

800, 1900

1900

1900

EV-DO (3G data)

850, 1900

1900

1900

1900

700, 850,
1900, 2100

800, 900, 1900,

2100

2100, 1900

2100, 1900

Spectrum Owned

700, 800,
1900, 2100

2100, 1900

Design
We know the scope, carriers and donor signals
Now what?

Type of DAS
Coax vs. Fiber

Head End Location

Equipment manufacturers
CommScope, TE, Corning, JMA/Teko or SOLiD

What is PIM and Why is it Important?

PIM should be considered during the design phase
PIM = Passive Intermodulation
Spurious RF noise and 3rd order products that are difficult to detect

Exists when two or more signals are present in a passive device (coax
(coax,
connector) that exhibits a nonlinear response
Carriers are requiring PIM-rated
PIM rated components
Rigorous field test procedure to ensure DAS PIM levels meet carrier
p
specifications

Design: Link Budget

Design: Keys to Link Budget

Power output at repeater or fiber remote

# of channels per service provider
Splitter and cable loss
Free Space Path Loss
# of wall penetrations
Fade Margin
U link
Use
li k b
budget
d
as guide
id ffor RF d
design
i

Design: Link Budget

Design: Clutter Loss

3D Model

Prediction and Propagation

Floor Plan Layout

Logical Design

Design: Wireless Thresholds

Old World
-85
85 dBm mobile RSSI over 90-95%
90 95% of the area for voice
technologies
-70 dBm for data centric technologies (EVDO, LTE, etc.)

New World
6 8 dB stronger than the macro network
6-8
coverage bleeding into the building

Applies to 700/800/850/900/1900/2100 MHz

Typical
yp
radius can varyy from 50 ft. in dense environments to 100+ ft in open
p
areas
Limiting technology/frequency determines design
MIMO or SISO?

Leading DAS Equipment OEMs

Installation
Distributed Antenna Systems

Installation Photos United Center

United Center is a neutral host DAS recently installed by Connectivity Wireless

Installation Potential Assumptions

No core boring is required to properly install this distributed antenna
system.
End-user will allow use of existing 110 VAC for all DAS equipment. Any
b k
back-up
power (UPS or generators)) will
ill b
be provided
id d b
by the
h customer
or the end-user.
If Carrier
C i FFunded/Neutral
d d/N t l H
Hostt DC power plants
l t utilized
tili d and
d will
ill nott
use existing AC Power in the IDFs
EEnd-user
d
will
ill allow
ll use off allll existing
i ti cable
bl ttrays and
d other
th cabling
bli
support structures (J-Hooks, etc.)

Installation Potential Assumptions

Customer/end-user has secured landlord and all other
necessary approvals
l prior to installation.
ll
An existing roof penetration is available for donor antenna
cabling. In the event that rooftop cabling cannot utilize
existing penetrations, the owner of the roof system
warranty must create an additional penetration.

What Typically gets Installed with a DAS?

Base Stations Head-end radio equipment, provided by the wireless carriers, that provides the
RF signal source to drive the DAS
Fiber Head
Head-End
End Converts the RF signal to RF-over-fiber
RF over fiber (RFoF)
(RFoF), then transmits the signal via
single-mode fiber-optic cable to the fiber remote unit
Multi-band Remote Unit Converts the RFoF transmission back to an RF signal, which is then
transmitted down coax cable to the coverage antenna
Fiber Optic Cable Transports the converted RF signals from the head-end equipment to the
remote units
Plenum Cable Transports
p
the RF signals
g
from the fiber remote unitto the coverage
g antenna
Splitter Splits the RF signals, which is then delivered to multiple inputs/elements
Coverage
g Antennas emits multi-band RF signals
g
to the coverage
g area

Donor Antenna
General Specifications
yp
Antenna Type

Directional

Operating Frequency Band

1710 2700 MHz | 698 960 MHz

Brand

Cell-Max

Color

White

Interface

7-16 DIN Female

Package Quantity

Radome Color

White

Radome Material

PVC, UV resistant

Donor Antenna
General Specifications
Antenna Type
Includes

Yagi
V-bolts
806 869 MHz

Operating Frequency Band

Electrical Specifications
Frequency Band, MHz

806869

Beamwidth, Horizontal, degrees

60

Gain, dBd

10.0

Gain, dBi

12.1

Beamwidth, Vertical, degrees

30.0

Beam Tilt, degrees

Front-to-Back Ratio at 180, dB

15

VSWR | Return Loss, db

1.5:1 | 14.0

Input Power, maximum, watts

150

Polarization

Vertical

Impedance, ohms
Lightning Protection

50
dc Ground

Omni Coverage Antenna

General Specifications
Antenna Type

Omnidirectional

Operating Frequency Band

698 2700 MHz

Brand
Color
Interface

TRU-Omni R727
White
N Female

Mounting

Recess Mounting in Non-Metallic Ceiling Tile

Pigtaill Cable
bl

Included,
l d d Plenum
l
Rated
d

Radome Color

White

Radome Material

ABS

 Coax Plenum Distribution Cable

Construction Materials
Jacket Material

PVC

Dielectric Material

PE spline

Flexibility

Standard

Inner Conductor Material

Copper-clad aluminum wire

Jacket Color

Off white

Outer Conductor Material

Corrugated aluminum

Dimensions
Nominal Size

1/2 in

Cable Weight

0.21 kg/m | 0.14 lb/ft

Electrical Specifications
Cable Impedance

50 ohm 2 ohm

Capacitance

76.0 pF/m | 23.0 pF/ft

Operating Frequency Band

1 8800 MHz

Peak Power

40.0 kW

Power Attenuation

2.325

Splitter
General Specifications
Device Type
Interface
C l
Color

Splitter
N Female
Bl k
Black

Electrical Specifications
Operating Frequency
Band

698 2700 MHz

Average Power,
maximum

50 W

Dissipative Loss at
q
y Band
Frequency

0.3 dB @ 6982500 MHz | 0.4 dB @ 25002700 MHz

Impedance

50 ohm

Insertion Loss at
Frequency Band

0.3 dB @ 6982500 MHz | 0.4 dB @ 25002700 MHz

Return Loss
Split Loss
VSWR

20.8 dB
3.0 dB
1.2:1

Coupler
General Specifications
Device Type
Interface
C l
Color

Coupler
N Female
Bl k
Black

Electrical Specifications
Operating Frequency Band

698 2700 MHz

3rd Order IMD

-140 dBc (relative to carrier)

3rd Order IMD Test Method

Two +43 dBm carriers

Average Power, maximum

200 W

Coupling

10 0 dB
10.0

Coupling Tolerance

1.0 dB

Impedance

50 ohm

Peak Power, maximum

1 kW

Reflected Power, maximum

100 W

Return Loss
VSWR

20.8 dB
1.2:1

12-Fiber Plenum Single-Mode Distribution Cable

General Specifications
Cable Type

Distribution

Construction Type

Armored

Subunit Type

Gel-free

Construction Materials
Fiber Type Solution
Total Fiber Quantity

TeraSPEED, zero water peak single-mode fiber

12 General Specifications

Fiber Type

TeraSPEED, zero water peak single-mode fiber

Fiber Type, quantity

12

Jacket Color

Yellow

Dimensions
Cable Weight

101.0 lb/kft | 151.0 kg/km

Diameter Over Jacket

12.80 mm | 0.50 in

Repeater/BDA

Universal Multi-Operator/Multi-Band Class A Off-Air Boosters Platform

Supports up to 7 different frequency bands
Incrementally expandable through scalable architecture
Supports public safety and commercial technologies

Advance Digital Signal Processing

Supports mix band-segment & channel selective configurations
Filter characteristics set locally & remotely changeable on the fly

Fiber Head-End

Fiber optics enables:

Wide bandwidth to support multiple

wireless carriers
Long distance with minimal loss
Minimum design and installation costs
Uniform signal strength throughout the
building
Flexibility for future evolution

Modular architecture enables scalable investment and flexible

configuration

Fiber Optic Remote Unit-Andrew

Multi-Operator Solution: Public Safety, Verizon, Sprint,
AT&T, USCC, Alltel, T-Mobile, MetroPCS, Cricket, etc.
Multi-Band remote units supporting 700/800
MHz, 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1700 MHz, and 1900
MHz in a single cabinet
Only two optical fibers required to support all
frequency bands
All frequency bands combined to a single
antenna connector
External RF splitters
p
mayy be used to support
pp multiple
p
antennas for the greatest flexibility

AC or DC mains power

Fiber Optic Remote Unit-Corning

Multi-Operator Solution: Public Safety, Verizon, Sprint,
AT&T, USCC, Alltel, T-Mobile, MetroPCS, Cricket, etc.
Multi-Band remote units supporting 700/800
MHz, 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1700 MHz, and 1900
MHz in a single cabinet
Only two optical fibers required to support all
frequency bands
All frequency bands combined to a single
antenna connector
External RF splitters
p
mayy be used to support
pp multiple
p
antennas for the greatest flexibility

AC or DC mains power

Commissioning

Coaxial cable and fiber testing

Coaxial cable sweeps
Fiber iOLM/OTDR results

Active component commissioning

Baseline noise floor measurement

CW testing
Fiber DAS commissioning
Uplink / Downlink testing
Additive noise calculation and testing
Wireless service provider turn-up
turn up
RF validation testing

Wireless carrier specific checklists

Maintenance Services

Preventive Maintenance Routines

Quarterly, semi-Annual, or annual

Cable sweeps and OTDR testing
Comparison of baseline RF to current RF environment
Equipment inventorying and labeling
Update as-built documentation

Response & Repair

24x7x365
Customized SLAs and maintenance contracts
Regular Updates

System Monitoring

Ticket received, in-route, on-site, problem isolated, problem fixed

Monitor In
In-Building
Building DAS elements from all vendors
System impairment communication management
Personnel dispatch
24x7x365
Customized monitoring contracts

Demand Drivers

Mandated by public safety code

Often critical/required for carrier approval

Carrier Coordination

Repeater VS BTS
The Cellular Repeater Is it Dead?
As carriers require higher levels of dependability and
capacity
New technology can no longer be driven over the air

Carrier Coordination is a full time job

If you are part time in DAS you will be full time in coordination

Typical Carrier RF Sources

Bidirectional Amplifier (BDA)

Also called signal booster or repeater

Small footprint,
p , low power
p
usage
g
Repeats over the air donor signal from neighboring sites
Wireless carriers beginning to throttle back usage
Use Case: 1 to 50 wireless devices per carrier, depends on location

Enterprise Femtocell (E-Femto)

Small footprint, low power usage

Utilizes enterprise customer or other internet connection
Wireless carriers beginning to increase deployment
Use Case: 1 to 150 wireless devices per carrier

Base Transceiver Station (BTS)

A cell site built in a secure room such as an MDF
Typically installed in a rack configuration
Typically utilizes T-1 provided by carriers back to their switch

Carrier Coordination
Necessary to obtain permission from wireless service providers
Purchased frequencies from FCC/US Government
Re-transmission agreements
Repeaters
p
or microcell

Potential RF issues generated

Noise floor, oscillation, frequency-specific, etc

Carrier monitoring/database
Public Safety

Carrier Coordination
The Federal Communications Commission released a new order for use of Enterprise DAS amplifiers
(repeaters or signal boosters)
February 20th, 2013, FCC Report and Order 13-21
Maintains that signal boosters require an FCC license or express licensee consent to install in commercial
and industrial space
The authorization process ensures that devices are operated only by licensees or with licensee consent
and are adequately labeled to avoid misuse by consumers

Wireless Carrier Coordination

Wireless carrier coordination is critical to the success of the DAS project

Q&A
Thank you!

Contact
Bryce Bregen
VP off Sales
S l and
dM
Marketing
k ti
bbregen@connectivitywireless.com
Tyler Boyd
Nationwide Performance Engineer
tboyd@connectivitywireless.com

2707 Main Street, Suite 1

Duluth, GA 30096
678.584.5799