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6. Environment
2. Gender
7. Nutrition
8. Socio-Economic Level
9. Parent-Child Relationship
5. Health
Infancy
Toddler
Pre-school
Solitary
Parallel
rocking horse,
swingfinger paints, puzzle
Associative
Schooler
Cooperative
Autonomy / Independence
> negativistic
> Difficult to manage
Socialization
- imitates what she/ he sees
- differentiate boy from girl
Toilet Training
- stays dry for 2 hours with regular bowel movt
- Can sit, walk and squat
- Can verbalize the desire to void or defecate
Negativism
Phallic Stage
- Aware of bodys anatomy and sexual identity (Male and Female)
- Sexual identity is important to preschool in play (Boys-toy guns / Girls-dolls)
- Penis envy or castration fear
- Deal with masturbation in non-judgmental manner
Oedipus and Electral Complexes
-
Phallic Stage
- Aware of bodys anatomy and sexual identity (Male and Female)
- Sexual identity is important to preschool in play (Boys-toy guns / Girls-dolls)
- Penis envy or castration fear
- Deal with masturbation in non-judgmental manner
School Age (6-12)
Strives for Achievements of:
1. Gross motor competency (Sports)
2. Fine motor dexterity (crafts/arts)
3. Cognitive proficiency (reading, math)
4. Social mastery (friends, peer groups)
Psychosocial Development
-
master skills that will help them fxn in the adult world
Teenagers need good adult role models so that they can see that adult roles
are not frightening but desirable.
Sex Education
Common Health Problems
- Obesity
- Acne
- Adolescent Pregnancy
- STD
- Drug / Alcoholism
- Suicide
- Motor Vehicular Accident
Physiologic Status of Newborn
CIRCULATORY STATUS
BP 73/55 mmHg
Renal System
Urine present in the bladder at birth, but NB may not void for 1st 12-24
hours.
- initial voidings may leave brick-red spots on diaperd/t passage of uric acid crystals
in urine
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Hard palate should be intact, small raised white areas on the palate are
normal. EPSTEINS PEARLS
Feeding patterns
FIRST STOOL is MECONIUM.
NBs body temp drops quickly after birth. cold stress occurs easily.
Body stabilizes temp in 8-10 hours if unstressed.
Cold stress increases O2 consumption. may lead to metabolic acidosis and
respi distress.
WEIGHT
CHEST CIRCUMFERENCE
HEAD
Palpable sutures
Fontanels
SKIN
ACROCYANOSIS
HARLEQUIN SIGN
abnormal
NURSING INTERVENTION
Ensure proper NB ID
Footprint NB & fingerprint mother on ID sheet/ agencys policies &
procedures
Place matching ID bracelets on mother & NB
perform
Chest physiotherapy
Bed rest
Isolation precaution
Thoracenthesis
ASTHMA
Wheezing
Dyspnea
Chest tightness
Exacerbations
- air is trapped behind occluded or narrow airways
and hypoxemia can occur
STATUS ASTHMATICUS
- child displays respiratory distress despite vigorous
treatment
- may result in respiratory failure & death if untreated
HOME CARE MEASURES
- Allergens control
- Avoid extremes of temperature
- Avoid exposure to viral respiratory infection
- Recognize early symptoms
- Instruct the child in the administration of medications as Rx
- Adequate rest, sleep, and a well-balanced diet
- Adequate fluid intake
- Exercise as tolerated
SUDDEN INFANT s DEATH SYNDROME
MATERNAL RISK FACTORS
Maternal smoking
Substance abuse
Younger mothers
APPEARANCE WHEN FOUND
Apneic & blue
Frothy blood-tinged fluid in the nose & mouth
Typically found in a disheveled bed, with blankets over the head,
Diaper is wet & full of stool
GUT
Cryptorchidism
- If the testes remains in the abdomen, damage to the testes (sterility) is possible
because of increased body temperature.
Orchipexy
- surgical procedure to retrieve and secure testes placement
- preformed between ages 1-3 years
NURSING CARE
Post-op
GIT DISORDERS
Celiacs dse aka Gluten Enteropathy
- Increase in amino acid glutamine
Monitor gluten free diet
Provide supplement fat-soluble vitamins
Provide client teaching and discharge planning concerning:
a. Gluten-free diet
b. avoidance of infection.
c. importance of adhering to diet
d. importance of long term ff-up management.
IMPERFORATED ANUS