Fundamentals of Physics: Chapter 21 Electric Charge

Fundamentals of Physics
Chapter 21 Electric Charge

1.
2.
Electromagnetism
Electric Charge
+
3.
4.
5.
Conductors & Insulators

Coulomb s Law
Charge is Quantized
e
6.
Charge is Conserved
Review & Summary

Questions
Exercises & Problems
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Physics 2112
Chapter 21
Atoms Have No Net Charge
electrons
protons
neutrons
2006
Physics 2112
Chapter 21
Electric Charge
Two types of charge:
Likes repel
Un-likes attract
2006
Physics 2112
Chapter 21
Electric Charge
A small fraction of the electrons in the fur stick to the rod.
2006
Physics 2112
Chapter 21
Electric Charge Experimentation
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Physics 2112
Chapter 21

Neutral Atoms
negative electrons
positive nucleus
protons
Neutrons
Conductor
Outermost electrons are free to
move
Conduction electrons
Insulator
All electrons stick with a nucleus
Semi-conductors
2006
Physics 2112
Chapter 21
Static Electricity
2006
Physics 2112
Chapter 21
Electroscope
2006
Physics 2112
Chapter 21
Checkpoint 1
2006
Physics 2112
Chapter 21
Coulomb s Law
2006
Physics 2112
q1 q2
r2
Chapter 21
10
Coulomb s Law
k
k
0
k
0
2006
q1 q2
q1 q2
r2
r2
Coulomb' s Constant
Permittivity of free space
8.99 109 N m 2 / C 2
8.85 10
12
Physics 2112
C 2 / N m2
Chapter 21
11
Electrostatic Force >> Gravitational Force
q1 q2
r2
m1 m2
r2
8.99 109 N m 2 / C 2
6.67
10
11
N m 2 / kg 2
Principle of superposition applies to both forces:
F1,net
2006
F1, 2
F1,3
Physics 2112
F1, 4
F1,n
Chapter 21
12
Definition of Electric Charge

The SI unit of charge is the Coulomb
One coulomb of charge is the current transferred through the cross
section of a wire in 1 second when there is a current of 1 ampere in the
wire
dq = i dt
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Physics 2112
Chapter 21
13
Checkpoint 2
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Physics 2112
Chapter 21
14
Sample Problem
q1 = 1.60 x 10-19 C
q2 = 3.20 x 10-19 C
R = 0.0200 m
What is magnitude and direction of F12
Add particle three to configuration 1

q3 = -3.20 x 10-19 C
distance R
What is F1, net
Add particle four to configuration 1

q4 = -3.20 x 10-19 C
distance R at 600
What is F1, net
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Physics 2112
Chapter 21
15
Checkpoint 3
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Physics 2112
Chapter 21
16
Sample Problem
q1 = +8q at origin
q2 = -2q at distance L
Where can a proton be placed such
that is in equilibrium (net force = 0)
Is the equilibrium stable or unstable?
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Physics 2112
Chapter 21
17
Sample Problem
Initially q = 0 on B
q = +Q on A
A and B are connected for a short

time by a wire.
Electrostatic force between
spheres?
A is now momentarily grounded.

Electrostatic force between spheres?
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Physics 2112
Chapter 21
18
22-4
Charge on a Conducting Sphere

Like charges will repel each other and spread uniformly over a metal sphere.
A shell of uniform charge attracts or repels a charged particle that is outside the shell as if
all of the shell s charge were concentrated at its center.
If a charged particle is located inside a shell of uniform charge, there is no net

electrostatic force on the particle from the shell.
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Physics 2112
Chapter 21
19
Checkpoint 4
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Physics 2112
Chapter 21
20
Charging by Induction
Touching metal spheres close to a

charged object
Separate the metal spheres while

close to the charged object
Remove the charged object
Oppositely charged spheres
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Physics 2112
Chapter 21
21
Charging by Induction
A negatively charged sphere
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Physics 2112
Chapter 21
22
Charge is Quantized
Electron charge
-1.60217733 x 10-19C
Proton charge
+1.60217733 x 10-19C
Neutron has no net charge.
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Physics 2112
Chapter 21
23
Charge is Conserved
electrons
e+ + epositrons
aka anti-electrons
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Physics 2112
Chapter 21
24
Charge Characteristics
Charge Quantization
The charge on the electron:
e- = - 1.60 x 10-19C
All observed charges are multiples of |e-|.
Charge Conservation
Charges are only created in equal positive and negative amounts.
Net charge is conserved in the universe.
Atomic Structure: nucleus + a cloud of electrons
Conductors - outermost electrons are free to move
Insulators - all electrons are bound to atoms
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Physics 2112
Chapter 21
25
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Fundamentals of Physics

Chapter 21 Electric Charge

Conductors & Insulators

Review & Summary

Atoms Have No Net Charge

A small fraction of the electrons in the fur stick to the rod.

Electric Charge Experimentation

Conductors & Insulators

Electrostatic Force >> Gravitational Force

Principle of superposition applies to both forces:

Definition of Electric Charge

Add particle three to configuration 1

Add particle four to configuration 1

A and B are connected for a short

A is now momentarily grounded.

Charge on a Conducting Sphere

If a charged particle is located inside a shell of uniform charge, there is no net

Touching metal spheres close to a

Separate the metal spheres while

Remove the charged object

Oppositely charged spheres

A negatively charged sphere

Neutron has no net charge.

This document was created with Win2PDF available at http://www.daneprairie.com.

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