16

20
25

2.2
2.8
3.5

1.9
2.3
1.8

2.9

4.4

1.8
2.0
2.5
2.9
3.5
4.2
4.8

2.3
2.9
3.6
4.3
5.1
6.3
7.1

3.7
4.6
5.8
6.8
8.2
10.0
11.4

5.5
6.9
8.6
10.3
12.3
15.1
17.1

32

2
3

40
50
63
75
90
110
125

1.8
1.9
2.2
2.7
3.1

1.8
2.0
2.3
2.8
3.4
3.9

140

3.5

4.3

5.4

8.0

12.7

19.2

12

160
180
200
225
250
280
315
355
400

4.0
4.4
4.9
5.5
6.2
6.9
7.7
8.7
9.8

4.9
5.5
6.2
6.9
7.7
8.6
9.7
10.9
12.3

6.2
6.9
7.7
8.6
9.6
10.7
12.1
13.6
15.3

9.1
10.2
11.4
12.8
14.2
15.9
17.9
20.1
22.7

14.6
16.4
18.2
20.5
22.7
25.4
28.6
32.2
36.3

21.9
24.6
27.4
30.8
34.2
38.3
43.1
48.5
54.7

13

450

11.0

13.8

17.2

25.5

40.9

61.5

22

500
560
630
710
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1400
1600
Dn [mm]

12.3
13.7
15.4
17.4
19.6
22.0
24.5
26.9
29.4
34.4
39.2
2 1/2

15.3
19.1
28.4
45.4
17.2
21.4
31.7
50.8
19.3
24.1
35.7
57.2
21.8
27.2
40.2
64.5
24.5
30.6
45.3
27.6
34.4
51.0
30.6
38.2
56.7
33.7
42.0
62.4
36.7
45.9
68.0
42.9
53.5
49.0
61.2
3.2
4
6
10
Presiones nominales PN [bar]
HDPE PE80 DIN 8074 / ISO 4427
Espesor [mm]

68.3

23

6
7
8
9
10
11

14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21

24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33

16

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

120

140

160

STD

XS

XXS

2.77

3.73

7.47

2.87
3.38
3.56
3.68
3.91
5.16
5.49
5.74

3.91
4.55
4.85
5.08
5.54
7.01
7.62
8.08

7.82
9.09
9.7
10.15
11.07
14.02
15.24

2
3

Pipe Thickness [mm], according ASME B36.10M

ASME B36.10M SCHEDULE / IDENTIFICATION

5
6

Size

dext

10

20

30

40

60

80

2.11

2.77

100

1/ 2

21.3

1.65

2.41

3.73

4.78

3/ 4

1
1 1/ 4
1 1/ 2
2
2 1/ 2
3
3 1/ 2

26.7
33.4
42.2
48.3
60.3
73
88.9
101.6

1.65
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.65
2.11
2.11
2.11

2.11
2.77
2.77
2.77
2.77
3.05
3.05
3.05

2.41
2.9
2.97
3.18
3.18
4.78
4.78
4.78

2.87
3.38
3.56
3.68
3.91
5.16
5.49
5.74

3.91
4.55
4.85
5.08
5.54
7.01
7.62
8.08

0
0

0
0

5.56
6.35
6.35
7.14
8.74
9.53
11.13

13.49 6.02

10
11
12
13
14
15

16

114.3

2.11

3.05

4.78

6.02

8.56

11.13

17

5
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40

141.3
168.3
219.1
273
323.8
355.6
406.4
457
508
559
610
660
711
762
813
864
914
965
1016

2.77
2.77
2.77
3.4
3.96
3.96
4.19
4.19
4.78
4.78
5.54
6.35
-

3.4
3.4
3.76
4.19
4.57
6.35
6.35
6.35
6.35
6.35
6.35
7.92
7.92
7.92
7.92
7.92
7.92
-

6.35
6.35
6.35
7.92
7.92
7.92
9.53
9.53
9.53
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
-

7.04
7.8
8.38
9.53
9.53
11.13
12.7
12.7
14.27
15.88
15.88
15.88
15.88
15.88
-

6.55
7.11
8.18
9.27
10.31
11.13
12.7
14.27
15.09
17.48
17.48
17.48
19.05
-

10.31
12.7
14.27
15.09
16.66
19.05
20.62
22.23
24.61
-

9.53
10.97
12.7
15.09
17.48
19.05
21.44
23.83
26.19
28.58
30.96
-

15.09
18.26
21.44
23.83
26.19
29.36
32.54
34.93
38.89
-

12.7
14.27
18.26
21.44
25.4
27.79
30.96
34.93
38.1
41.28
46.02
-

20.62
25.4
28.58
31.75
36.53
39.67
44.45
47.63
52.37
-

18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35

15.88
18.26
23.01
28.58
33.32
35.71
40.49
45.24
50.01
53.98
59.54
-

8.56 17.12

6.55 9.53 19.05

7.11 10.97 21.95
8.18 12.7 22.23
9.27 12.7 25.4
9.53 12.7 25.4
9.53 12.7
9.53 12.7
9.53 12.7
9.53 12.7
9.53 12.7
9.53 12.7
9.53 12.7
9.53 12.7
9.53 12.7
9.53 12.7
9.53 12.7
9.53 12.7
9.53 12.7
9.53 12.7
-

36

39

42
44
46
48

1067
1118
1168
1219

9.53
9.53
9.53
9.53

12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7

Kv values as function of Cv values

Flow rate in m/h

Pressure in "Pascal"

Cv value are usually published in tables of this type

Relationship
Kvm3h,Pa =

Q( m / h ) Kv( m / h , Pa )
Example (SI, m3/h, Pa)
Valve:
dn =
P =
SG =
From the table
Cv =
Kvm3h,Pa =
Kvm3h,Pa =

The Cv value is the water flow rate Q [GPM] that will pass through a valve
when the pressure across it is P = 1 [psi].
The reference water specific gravity is defined as SG = 1, for a
temperature of 60 F.
For derivation, see sheet 1a.- Kv=f(Cv)

Q=
Kv =
P =
SG =
Q=

ow rate in m/h
ressure in "Pascal"

0.0027353 *Cv

P( Pa )
SG

Q( m / h ) Kv( m / h , Pa )

xample (SI, m3/h, Pa)

fully open
4
50,000
1

in
Pa

rom the table

1282
0.0027353 *Cv
3.51
Kv * (P/SG)^0.5
3.51
50,000
Pa
1
784.1
m/h

Flow rate in m/h

Pressure in "bar"

Flow rate in gpm

Pressure in "psi"

Relationship
Kvm3h,bar =

Relationship
0.864972

*Cv

Q( m / h ) Kv( m / h ,bar)
Example (SI, m3/h, bar)
Valve:
fully open
dn =
4
P =
0.50
SG =
1

Cv direct from table

P( bar)
SG

in
Pa

From the table

Cv =
1282
Kvm3h,bar =
0.864972 *Cv
Kvm3h,Pa =
1,109
Kv * (P/SG)^0.5
Q=
Kv =
1,109
P =
1
Pa
SG =
1
Q=
784.1
m/h

Q( GPM ) Cv

P( psi)
SG

Example (Imperial units

Data
Valve:
fully open
dn =
4
P =
50,000
P =
7.25
SG =
1
From the table
Cv =
Q=
Cv =
DP =
SG =
Q=
Q=

1282
Cv * (P/SG)^0.5
1,282
7.25
1
3,452
784.11

Rev. 01.02.2014

P( psi)
SG

in
Pa
psi

v * (P/SG)^0.5
psi
gpm
m/h

K values as function of Cv values

The singular pressure drop coefficient "K" is defined
in the Darcy-Weisbach equation as
P =
K * (f / L) * hv
where "hv" is the velocity pressure
hv =

( / 2) * v^2

[Pa]

"" is the liquid density [kg/m]

"v" is the liquid velocity [m/s]
Examples, for a Bray Series 20/21 Butterfly lined valve

Cv value are usually published in tables of this type

Example
Fluid:
Q =
dn =

water
784.1
3452
4

For a "sure" ball valve, Ref 1

Cv =
SG =
Q=
P =
Sg =
Q=
Cv =
P =
P =

1282
1
3452
SG * Q^2/Cv^2
1
3452
1282
7.25
50,000

Pressure drop in SI (m3/h,Pa)

m/h
gpm
in

P( Pa )
SG

Q( m / h ) Kv( m / h , Pa )
P( Pa )
SG

Q( m / h )

Kv( m / h , Pa )

l valve, Ref 1

gpm
G * Q^2/Cv^2
gpm

Q( m / h )

Kv( m / h , Pa )
P( Pa )

psi
Pa

Singular pressure drop coefficient "K"

Flow velocity
dn =
sch =

4
STD

di =

#VALUE!

di =

P( Pa )
SG

Q( m / h )
SG

Kv( m / h ,Pa )

A=
A=
Q=
Q=
v=
Q=
A=
v=

mm

#VALUE! m
(pi()/4)*d^2
#VALUE! m
784.1
0.218
Q/A
0.218
#VALUE!
#VALUE!

m/h
m/s
m/s
m
m/s

Kv-value

Kvm 3 h ,Pa 0.0027353 Cv

Kvm3h,Pa =
Cv =
Kvm3h,Pa =

P =
SG =
Q=
Kv =
P =

0.0027353 * Cv
1282
3.51
SG * ( Q / Kv )^2
1
784.1 m/h
3.51
50,000 Pa

Velocity pressure
/ 2 * v^2
hv =
SG * water
=
water =
1000
hv =
SG =
water =
v=
hv =

kg/m
SG * water / 2 * v^2
1
1000
#VALUE!
#VALUE!

kg/m
Pa

Singular pressure drop coefficient

P / hv
K=
P =
50000.0 Pa
hv =
#VALUE! Pa
K=
#VALUE!
-

Flow rate in m/h

Pressure in "Pascal"

Flow rate in m/h

Pressure in "bar"

Flow rate in gpm

Pressure in "psi"

Relationship

Relationship

Relationship

Kvm3h,Pa =

Kvm3h,bar =

*Cv

Q( m / h ) Kv( m / h , Pa )

P( Pa )
SG

0.86 *Cv

Q( m / h ) Kv( m / h ,bar)

Example (SI, m3/h, Pa)

Valve:
fully open
dn =
4 in
P =
### Pa
SG =
1

Example (SI, m3/h, bar)

Valve:
fully open
dn =
4 in
P =
0.50 Pa
SG =
1

From the table

Cv =
###
Kvm3h,Pa =
0 *Cv
Kvm3h,Pa = 3.51
Kv * (P/SG)^0.5
Q=
Kv =
3.51
P =
### Pa
SG =
1
Q=
### m/h

From the table

Cv =
###
Kvm3h,bar = 0.86 *Cv
Kvm3h,Pa = ###
Kv * (P/SG)^0.5
Q=
Kv =
###
P =
1 Pa
SG =
1
Q=
### m/h

Cv direct from table

P( bar)
SG

Q( GPM ) Cv

P( psi)
SG

Example (Imperial units

Data
Valve:
dn =
P =
P =
SG =
From the table
Cv =
Q=
Cv =
DP =
SG =
Q=
Q=

Rev. 01.02.2014

Singular pressure drop coefficient

calculated as a function of the pipe
diameter and Kv value.

K 2 1620

d4
K v2

(For derivation, see sheet "2a.- K=f(Kv,d)"

K coefficient
K=
d=
Kv =
K=

^2*1620*d^4/kv^2
#VALUE!
3.51
#VALUE!

Pressure drop
P =
K * hv
K=
#VALUE!
hv =
#VALUE!
P =
#VALUE!

m
-

Pa
Pa

ct from table

M)

Cv

P( psi)
SG

le (Imperial units
fully open
4
50,000
7.25
1

in
Pa
psi

1282
Cv * (P/SG)^0.5
1,282
7.25
psi
1
3,452
gpm
784.11
m/h

[2]

http://www.valvias.com/discharge-coefficient.php

Coeficiente de descarga "C" en funcin del coeficiente de flujo "Kv"

Discharge coefficient "C" as a function of flow coefficient "Kv"
(Valid for liquids)
Ecuacin de descarga de una vlvula
Equation of a discharge though a valve

Q C A 2 g h

The discharge coefficient is non dimen

valve model its value is practically con
Usually, the published values are for th

Fixed cone valves, are discharge valve

caracterized by means of the discharg
the flow coefficient Cv or Kv
For this type of valves, the dischaarge
of C = 0.75 to C = 0.85

arge coefficient is non dimensional and for a given

el its value is practically constant for any diameter.
e published values are for the totaly open valves.

valves, are discharge valves. For this reason they are

d by means of the discharge coefficient "C" instead of
efficient Cv or Kv
pe of valves, the dischaarge coefficient is of the order
5 to C = 0.85

Application of CV and Kv coeficients, for gases

[3]
Critical pressure ratio and choked flow

Q Kv 18.9

Pcrit 2

Pin k 1

k
k 1

If the downstream pressure falls below

the critical value, the flow become choked.
For air
k=
Pcrit/Pin =
Pcrit/Pin =
Pcrit =

1.4
(2 / (k+1) )^(k/(k-1) )
0.528
0.528 * Pin

The minimum ratio between the upstream

pressure to the downstream pressure
required for choked flow of air is
(Pup/Pdw)min
1.893

Q=
Kv =
DP =
Pin =
Sg =
tout =
Q=

P (2 Pin P ) 293.15

SG
273 tout

Kv * 18.9 * (DP * (2 * Pin - DP) / SG * (293/(

1.8
0.5
bar
4
bar
1
20
C
65.9
m/h

 P ) 293.15

273 t out

Joukomatic. [3]
Liquids and gases
[4]
Cv for gases
Sub-critical flow

* (2 * Pin - DP) / SG * (293/(273+tout)) )^0.5

Cv

Liquids

3
P ba
m

Kv

SG
h
SGwater 1

QG
SG T

962 P1 2 P22

QG 962 Cv

P1 2 P22
SG T

______________
Gases

QG: Gas flow rate

SCFH

P1: Inlet pressure

psia

P2: Oulet pressure

paia
R

T: absolute temperature
SG: Gas specific gravity
SG =G /Air

Where the reference density is air

at 70F and 14.7 psia

[4]
Cv for gases
Critical flow

Cv

QG
SG T
816 P1

QG Cv

816 P1
SG T

3
Nm
Q
Kv 18.9
h
and with temperature

Q Kv 18.9

P ( 2

SGair 1 (1 bar absol

Q=
Kv =
DP =
Pin =
Sg =
tout =
Q=
[3]

http://detector-gas-systems.web.cern.ch/detector-

Joucomatic
Engineering information
Flow data
Flow factor and orifice size

oukomatic. [3]
quids and gases

Liquids

3
P bar
m

Kv

SG
h
SGwater 1

______________

Gases

3
P (2 Pin P ) bar
Nm
Q
Kv 18.9

SG
h
and with temperature correction

Q Kv 18.9

P (2 Pin P) 293.15

SG
273 t out

SGair 1 (1 bar absolute and 15 C )

Kv * 18.9 * (DP * (2 * Pin - DP) / SG * (293/(273+tout)) )^0.5

1.8
0.5
4
1
20
65.9

bar
bar
C
m/h

p://detector-gas-systems.web.cern.ch/detector-gas-systems/downloads/kv_calc_doc.pdf

ngineering information

ow factor and orifice size

http://www.valvias.com/coeficiente-de-caudal-valvula-de-mariposa.php
Cv Coeficiente de caudal para vlvulas de mariposa
Tabla Cv Coeficiente de caudal para vlvulas de mariposa en funcin de la posicin de obertura
Tamao
Cv [gpm] [psi]
NPS
DN
Apertura - posicin del disco
(inches)
(mm)
90
80
70
60
50
Abierta
1
25
61
56
36
21
11
1 1/2
40
147
129
87
50
26
2
50
244
172
123
73
45
2 1/2
65
439
310
201
115
71
3
80
691
488
290
165
102
4
100
1282
906
515
294
182
5
125
2070
1416
805
459
284
6
150
2786
1873
1065
607
376
8
200
5191
3402
1935
1147
714
10
250
8238
5385
3062
1815
1130
12
300
12102
7820
4448
2636
1642
14
350
15210
9829
5590
3313
2064
16
400
19940
12885
7328
4343
2706
18
450
26150
16898
9610
5695
3549
20
500
32690
21124
12014
7120
4436
(*) Datos segn catlogo: Bray Series 20/21 Butterfly lined valve

de obertura

From table in sheet "Bray"

dn =
Cv =
40

30

20

10

5.6
12.8
27
43
62
110
172
227
427
675
981
1234
1617
2121
2651

2.7
5.9
16
25
35
63
98
130
244
387
562
706
925
1213
1517

0.97
1.7
7
11
16
28
44
59
106
168
245
307
403
528
660

0.07
0.25
0.89
1.4
2
3.6
6
7
13
21
31
40
52
68
85

rom table in sheet "Bray"

20
in
32690

Size

NPS
(Iinch)

Cv [gpm] [psi]

Opening - disc position

ND
(mm)
90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

Pressure loss coefficient "K" for gas flow

Gases
3
P (2 Pin P ) bar
Nm
Q

Kv

18
.
9

SG
h
and with temperature correction

P (2 Pin P ) 293.15

SG
273 t out

Q Kv 18.9

Pbar2 2 Pin _ bar Pbar c

a * P^2 + b *
a=
Pin =
b=
b=

c
Qm 3 h Kvm 3 h ,bar 18.9

Pbar (2 Pin _ bar Pbar ) 293.15

SG
273 t out

Pbar (2 Pin _ bar Pbar ) 293.15

Qm 3 h

Kvm 3 h ,bar 18.9

SG
273 tout
SG Qm 3 h
273 t out

Pbar (2 Pin _ bar Pbar )

2
2
Kvm 3 h ,bar 18.9 293.15
2

SG Qm 3 h
273 tout

Kvm2 3 h ,bar 18.9 2 293.15

2

Pbar ( 2 Pin _ bar Pbar ) c

2 Pin _ bar Pbar Pbar2 c 0
Pbar2 2 Pin _ bar Pbar c 0

SG Qm2 3 h
273 tout

2
2
Kvm 3 h ,bar 18.9 293.15

C = (SG*Qm3h^2) / (Kv

Fluid air
SG =
Qm3h =
tout =
Kvm3h,bar =
c=
P =
a=
b=
c=
P =
P =
From Sheet Air blown line
hv =
Pressure loss coefficient
P =
K=
P =
hv =
K=

Rev. 01.02.2014

Pbar2 2 Pin _ bar Pbar c 0

* P^2 + b * P + c = 0

K = K_Gas_PinBar_SG_QNm3h_HvPascal_Cv_toutCelcius

1
1.44
-2 * Pin
-2.88

bar

SG Qm2 3 h
273 tout

2
2
Kvm 3 h ,bar 18.9 293.15

= (SG*Qm3h^2) / (Kvm3h,bar^2*18.9^2) * (273+tout)/293.15

74,760

Nm/h

128.6

109,112
0.0018

(Annex A)

Pin =
SG =

1.44
1

Q=

74,760

Nm/h

Hv =
Cv =

170.1
126,000

Pa

tout =
K=

128.6
#VALUE!

C
-

Pressur loss
P =
K=
hv =

K * hv
#VALUE!
170.1

Pa

P =

#VALUE!

Pa

rom Sheet Air blown line

170.1
Pa

Pa
Pa

bar
-

Check of flow rate

Qm 3 h Kvm 3 h ,bar 18.9

(- b - (b^2 - 4 * a * c)^0.5 ) / (2 * a)
1
-2.88
0.00180
0.0006
bar
62.6
Pa

ressure loss coefficient

K * hv
P / hv
63
170.12
0.3677

Singular coefficient for a valve with gas

Solution using the VBA function

Q=
Kv =
DP =
Pin =
SG =
tout =
Q=

Pbar (2 Pin _ bar Pbar ) 293.15

SG
273 tout

Kv * 18.9 * (DP*(2*Pin-DP)/SG*293.15/(273 ))^0.5

109,112
0.000626
1.44
1
128.6
74,760

bar
bar
C
Nm/h

Rev. 01.02.2014

Annex A
Pipe nominal diameter (CS)
dn =
36
in
Valve:
Norris butterfly
From table, for 200 psi valves
Fully open valve value
(Shhet Norris. B.V.)
Cv =
Kv value
Kvm3h,bar =
Cv =
Kvm3h,bar =

126,000

0.865972 * Cv
126,000
109,112

[2a]

Norris butterfly valves

http://www.norriseal.com/files/comm_id_47/BV_HowTo_Brochure_120811.pdf

Valve diameter (Air blown line)

dn =
36
in
From table, for 200 psi valves
Fully open valve value
Cv =
126,000
Kv-value
Relation Kv - Cv

Kvm 3 h ,bar 0.864972 Cv

Kvm3h,bar =
Cv =
Kvm3h,bar =

0.865972 * Cv
126,000
109112.5

[1]

http://www.valvias.com/coeficiente-de-caudal-valvula-de-bola.php

[2]

Coeficiente de descarga
http://www.valvias.com/ecuaciones-de-fluidos-coeficiente-de-descarga-c.php#c-K

[3]

http://detector-gas-systems.web.cern.ch/detector-gas-systems/downloads/kv_calc_doc.pdf
Joucomatic
Engineering information
Flow data
Flow factor and orifice size

[4]

http://www.fnwvalve.com/FNWValve/assets/images/PDFs/FNW/tech_AboutCv.pdf
FNW
About CV.
(Flow coefficients)

[5]

Ideal valve
Flow calculation for gases
http://www.idealvalve.com/pdf/Flow-Calculation-for-Gases.pdf

[6]

Spiraxsarco
http://www.spiraxsarco.com/resources/steam-engineering-tutorials/control-hardware-el-pn-actuation/con

[7]

Intellsitesuite
http://help.intellisitesuite.com/Hydrocarbon/papers/6110.pdf

[8]

[9]

Joucomatic
http://detector-gas-systems.web.cern.ch/detector-gas-systems/downloads/kv_calc_doc.pdf

Engineering information
Flow data
Flow factor and orifice size

ware-el-pn-actuation/control-valve-sizing-for-steam-systems.asp