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Standard Mobile Phone Charger with USB

Port
By allankliu
Created 14/04/2008 - 05:23

BLOG Usb

Background

The Ministry Information Industry (MII) of China enforced all

mobile phone manufacturers to comply with new issued
standard for phone charger interface, which is called YD/T
1591-2006 mobile phone charger and interface requirement
and testing method. Before launching this standard, every
mobile phone manufacturer has own power adapter interface
with different electrical and physical specifications. Due to
business and technical reasons, some vendors even offer
different power adapters for same brand! This standard unifies
the AC/DC power adapter interface with standard USB type A
output on 5V DC, therefore new mobile phones from different
vendors can share common adapters or be charged with standard PC USB port. The Mobile
users can just carry one USB cable and phones on the go, since the USB port is available
anywhere. It is anticipated that this approach can reduce power adapters in retail package,
and reduce overall BOM cost and the pollution with the abandoned mobile phones.

I do believe a fact that the new standard will influence other

portable device projects as well. Check out the photo taken
about my electronics devices. My Sony Ericsson K750 has
regular travel charger and USB kit. The USB kit can charge
mobile phone via both PC USB port and a small USB power
adapter. And my Shaver can use USB power adapter as well.
BTW, my shaver works on PC USB port as well, but overdraw
the current over 500mA. The PC pops up a warning when I
switch on the shaver.

The idea behind it is great. However it brings some technical issues for mobile phone
manufacturers. Based upon this standard, the AC/DC adapter is a power adapter offers 5V
with 5% tolerance. The wall mount adapter can offer current ranges from 300mA to 1800mA,
and the PC USB port can offer 500mA. The charger circuit is located inside the mobile
phone. The charger design should consider thermal management, over current, over voltage,
and PCB size and mounting location.

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Embedded Charger inside Mobile Phones

There are different solutions

for charger circuit, a) discrete
components, b) charger IC,
and c) a PMU with external
power component. The
discrete components based
solution is very flexible and
easy for thermal
management, while its
shortcoming is high BOM
cost and hard to reduce the
PCB size. The charger ICs
from different vendors are highly integrated, easy to fit PCB and housing, but it is usually
working on certain nominal current. The latest approach of PMU with external power
component now is dominating the internal charger application, which offers enough flexibility
and can meet PCB size requirement. The external power component working with PMU might
be a FET, dual FETs, a BJT or a FETKY.

If a FETKY is selected as the external component

with a PMU, it will introduce voltage drop as the
charging current get through. It can introduce
400mV drop on 500mA. More charging current,
more voltage drop is generated. It is not a good
solution to use FETKY in both work wall mount
and USB port power sources. Dual FETs are good
enough for this application, the benefits of these
components are: jam the reverse current, allow to
charge Bluetooth accessories with reverse current
and low Rds(on). Additionally, frequently switching
will generate heat on components and reduce the
life cycle of them. The dual FETs approach can
offer extra thermal sensor feature available for
thermal control to support high efficient charger
and thermal protection.

Effective OVP

According to MII's standard, mobile phone charger should embed OVP (Over Voltage
Protection) feature as well. It should activate the protection for inside electronics circuit in
case the power voltage is higher than 6V. The component selection criteria are switching
speed and extra ESD protection. NCP348/NCP360/NCP361 from Onsemi offer different
configurations for OVP feature. These ICs can isolate the internal circuit with external AC/DC
adapter, with smaller PCB area and high precision voltage measurement. They offer ENABLE
and STATUS/FLAG pins, plus extra over current protection and much more features.

More Issues

Since the new designed mobile phones should be charged via PC USB ports as well, we
have to consider USB current limitation for this embedded charger as well. It is not allowed to
deliver the maximum specified current (500mA) without software negotiation. Initially the
phone is only allowed to draw 100mA. It may request more current from host in units of 2mA
up to 500mA. But in practice the PC has no direct control over current drawn from the USB

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port. PCs often limit the USB current only through the use of passive automatically resettable
fuses.

In order to setup a connection for current negotiation, the designer can link D+/D-
connections between host controller and mobile phone controller according to regular USB
design. The PMU will not get involved in this communication design. It is just a power
management IC. The current negotiation is fully under control of software, especially the
mobile phone software. You might find a fact that Windows Mobile based smart phones can
not get charged via PC USB ports without installation ActiveSync or via a wall power adapter.
Because Windows mobile directly shuts off the charging circuit without negotiating about
current with host controller. But there are some hacks to enable USB charging without
ActiveSync or on the other way, disable USB charging with ActiveSync. All of these hacks are
software approaches. Those prove my point, that the USB charging is under control with
mobile phone software anyway.

Latest Updated

Recently MII announced another new standard for PIM information exchange of mobile
phones. This new standard is called UDX with two technical requirement specifications, YD/T
1760.1-2008 (Digital mobile terminal peripheral interface data exchange) and YD/T
1760.2-2008 (Technical requirement of data exchange format). All new models can talk with
each other via USB-OTG or with PC standard PIM software. Mobile phones are turning into
real plug and play devices, no driver installation is required any more.

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