Study Guide Biology I Honors

1. List the scientists important in discovering cells.

2. Explain the three components of the cell theory and how it came to be.
3. Differentiate between the following microscopes: dissecting, compound light, scanning electron, and transmission
electron. (You should be able to tell how they magnify and by how much.)
4. What is the function of each of the following organelles: cell wall, cell membrane, vacuole, nucleus, nucleolus,
contractile vacuole, mitochondrion, ribosome, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi body, lysosome, microfilaments,
microtubules, cytoskeleton, chloroplast, cytoplasm, centrioles, chromosomes.
5. What is the difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote.
6. What is the difference between a plant cell and an animal cell.
7. Draw a portion of the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane. Show the polar and nonpolar regions. Why cant
ions (charged atoms) go directly through the membrane?
8. Explain why the lipid bilayer is considered to be selectively permeable.
9. What is diffusion? Osmosis? Facilitated Diffusion?
10. What is the difference between passive and active transport?
11. Explain the difference between isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions. What happens to the cell in each of
those cases?
12. Differentiate between turgor pressure and plasmolysis.
13. Explain the difference between exocytosis and endocytosis.
14. What are the two types of endocytosis? Explain the difference.
15. What is the sodium-potassium pump? Explain its significance.
16. Explain the three components of the cell cycle.
17. Explain the 4 steps of mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
18. Explain the difference between cytokinesis in plant and animal cells.
19. What are spindles made of? What is their function?
20. Differentiate between a centromere, centriole, chromatid, and chromosome.
21. What does it mean to be a haploid or diploid cell? Which cells in the human body are haploid and which are diploid?

Study Guide Biology I Honors

1. List the scientists important in discovering cells.
2. Explain the three components of the cell theory and how it came to be.
3. Differentiate between the following microscopes: dissecting, compound light, scanning electron, and transmission
electron. (You should be able to tell how they magnify and by how much.)
4. What is the function of each of the following organelles: cell wall, cell membrane, vacuole, nucleus, nucleolus,
contractile vacuole, mitochondrion, ribosome, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi body, lysosome, microfilaments,
microtubules, cytoskeleton, chloroplast, cytoplasm, centrioles, chromosomes.
5. What is the difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote.
6. What is the difference between a plant cell and an animal cell.
7. Draw a portion of the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane. Show the polar and nonpolar regions. Why cant
ions (charged atoms) go directly through the membrane?
8. Explain why the lipid bilayer is considered to be selectively permeable.
9. What is diffusion? Osmosis? Facilitated Diffusion?
10. What is the difference between passive and active transport?
11. Explain the difference between isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions. What happens to the cell in each of
those cases?
12. Differentiate between turgor pressure and plasmolysis.
13. Explain the difference between exocytosis and endocytosis.
14. What are the two types of endocytosis? Explain the difference.
15. What is the sodium-potassium pump? Explain its significance.
16. Explain the three components of the cell cycle.
17. Explain the 4 steps of mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
18. Explain the difference between cytokinesis in plant and animal cells.
19. What are spindles made of? What is their function?
20. Differentiate between a centromere, centriole, chromatid, and chromosome.
21. What does it mean to be a haploid or diploid cell? Which cells in the human body are haploid and which are diploid?