INTEGRATED PROJECT

In English, the topic was to write an article to appreciate locally available

food resource in Kerala.
Kerala is every food-lover's paradise. Kerala cuisine offers a multitude of
dishes, ranging from the traditional sadya to seafood delicacies. So while
travelling in Kerala, most people face the dilemma of deciding what dishes to try
out. Both vegetarians and non-vegetarians have a wide variety of dishes to
choose from. Moreover, every small town has multi-cuisine restaurants offering
continental and north Indian dishes. Since Kerala is a coastal state and has a
flourishing marine life, there is no dearth of seafood. Seafood is an integral part
of every Malayali meal.
Local food is better for you. The shorter the time between the farm and
your table, the less likely it is that nutrients will be lost from fresh food.
Food imported from far away is older and has traveled on trucks or planes, and
sat in warehouses before it gets to you.
Local food preserves genetic diversity.
Local food supports local families. The wholesale prices that farmers get for
their products are low, often near the cost of production..
Local food builds community. When you buy direct from a farmer, you're
engaging in a time-honored connection between eater and grower.
Local food preserves open space. When farmers get paid more for their
products by marketing locally, they're less likely to sell farmland for development.
Local food benefits the environment and wildlife. Well-managed farms provide
ecosystem services: they conserve fertile soil, protect water sources, and
sequester carbon from the atmosphere.
Local food is an investment in the future. By supporting local farmers today,
you are helping to ensure that there will be farms in your community tomorrow.
That is a matter of importance for food security, especially in light of an uncertain

energy future and our current reliance on fossil fuels to produce, package,
distribute and store food.
Money that stays in a local community, instead of supporting large-scale
industrial agribusinesses thousands of miles away, encourages growth in
that community, supports the local tax base, and helps local schools,
libraries and other public services.

Finally, local foods taste better because they are in-season, recently
harvested and didnt have to travel far to get to our plates.
Fortunately, the local foods movement has caught on worldwide, and
locally grown produce and meats are now available even in commercial
supermarkets.

Ab Hindi mai hum uttar bharat or dhakshin bharat ki dho-dho bhakshan ke bhare mein

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Now in Maths, we need to

States on top-5

2010-11

2011-12

West Bengal

12.33

11.65

Uttar Pradesh

12.01

12.89

Andhra Pradesh

14.38

9.02

Punjab

10.83

11.31

Tamil Nadu

6.13

6.32

Rice is an important crop and consumed widely across the globe as

a staple food. India is among the leading rice producers in the
world and stands at 2nd position in the world.
WEST BENGAL- Among the rice producing states West Bengal is
by far the most important producers and ranks the leading
position.146.05 lakh tones or 11.65%.
UTTAR PRADESH-It occupies the second position in the rice
production in India.140.22lakh tones or 12.89%.
ANDHRA PRADESH- A.P ranks the third in the production of Rice
in India. A.P contributes more than 12% in total production of the
country.128.95 lakh tones or 9.02.
PUNJAB- It ranks fourth position in rice production in India.
Punjab contributes more than 10% of the total rice production in
the country.105.42 lakh tones or 11.31%.
TAMIL NADU- It ranks the fifth position in rice production in
India. TN contributes about 7% of total production in the
country.74.58 lakh tones or 6.32%.

Now in Science,
There are several established approachable to eco-friendly farming
system. The most recognized farming system is ORGANIC FARMING.
The importance of organic farming techniques which help the
environment and our health is a method of cultivation which preserves
and respects the environments balance enchances natural resources
and guarantees healthier and tastier products.
10 important reasons to support organic farming
Reduces the toxic load: keeps chemicals out of the air, water, soil
and our bodies.
Reduce it not eliminate off farm pollution.
Protect future generations
Build healthy soil
Taste better and truer flavor and so on

In SOCiAL>>>> we need to compare two major cereal crops

in India.
Cultivation of Rice in India: Conditions, Methods and
Production!
Rice is the most important food crop of India covering
about one-fourth of the total cropped area and providing
food to about half of the Indian population.

This is the staple food of the people living in the eastern

and the southern parts of the country, particularly in the
areas having over 150 cm annual rainfall. There are about
10,000 varieties of rice in the world out of which about
4,000 are grown in India.
Conditions of Growth:
Rice is grown under varying conditions in India from 8 to
25 N latitude and from sea level to about 2,500 metre
altitude. It is a tropical plant and requires high heat and
high humidity for its successful growth. The temperature
should be fairly high at mean monthly of 24C. It should
be 20- 22C at the time of sowing, 23-25C during
growth and 25-30C at the harvesting time. The average
annual rainfall required by rice is 150 cm.
In areas receiving less than 100 cm annual rainfall, rice can
be grown with the help of irrigation, as is done in Punjab,
Haryana and western U.P. About 40 per cent of rice crop
in India is raised under irrigation.
Rice can be grown on a variety of soils including silts, loams
and gravels and can tolerate acidic as well as alkaline soils.
However, deep fertile clayey or loamy soils which can be
easily puddled into mud and develop cracks on drying are
considered ideal for raising this crop.
Such soil requirements make it dominantly a crop of river
valleys, flood plains, deltas and coastal plains and a

dominant crop there. High-level loams and lighter soils can

be used for quick maturing varieties of rice. Black lava soil
is also useful for rice cultivation.
Rice culture is not much suited to mechanisation and is
called hoe-culture. Most of the work in preparing the
seed-bed, in broadcasting seeds, or in transplantation of
plants from nurseries to the fields, in harvesting and in
winnowing operations is done by human hand. Thus it is a
labour intensive cultivation and requires large supply of
cheap labour for its successful cultivation.

To sum up it can be said that rice needs plenty of

heat, plenty of rain, plenty of alluvium and plenty of
labour to provide plenty of food for plenty of people.
There is no other food crop which is so plentiful as
rice in India.
There are various methods of Rice cultivation:
1. Broadcasting method
2. Drilling method
3. Transplantation method
4. Japanese method
PRODUCTION: India is the second largest producer and
consumer of rice in the world after China.

Wheat Cultivation in India: Conditions, and Distribution !

Next to rice, wheat is the most important food-grain of

India and is the staple food of millions of Indians,
particularly in the northern and north-western parts of
the country. It is rich in proteins, vitamins and
carbohydrates and provides balanced food.
Production: Wheat is grown on 13 per cent of the cropped
area of India. India is the fourth largest producer of
wheat in the world after Russia, the USA and China and
accounts for 8.7 per cent of the worlds total production
of wheat.
Conditions of Growth:
Conditions of growth for wheat are more flexible than
those of rice. In contrast to rice, wheat is a rabi crop
which is sown in the beginning of winter and is harvested
in the beginning of summer. The time of sowing and
harvesting differs in different regions due to climatic
variations.
The sowing of wheat crop normally begins in the
September-October in Karnataka, Maharashtra, Andhra
Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and West Bengal; OctoberNovember in Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana and
Rajasthan and Nov.-Dee. In Himachal Pradesh and Jammu
& Kashmir.

The harvesting is done in Jan.- Feb. in Karnataka, Andhra

Pradesh, M.P., and in West Bengal; March-April in Punjab,
Haryana, U.P. and Rajasthan and in April-May in Himachal
Pradesh and J&K. The growing period is variable from one
agro climatic zone to other that effects the vegetative
and reproductive period leading to differences in potential
yield. The important factors affecting the productivity
are seeding time and methodology, crop establishment and
climatic conditions during the growing season.
Wheat is primarily a crop of mid-latitude grasslands and
requires a cool climate with moderate rainfall. The ideal
wheat climate has winter temperature 10 to 15C and
summer temperature varying from 21C to 26C. The
temperature should be low at the time of sowing but as
the harvesting time approaches higher temperatures are
required for proper ripening of the crop. But sudden rise
in temperature at the time of maturity is harmful.
Wheat thrives well in areas receiving an annual rainfall of
about 75 cm. Annual rainfall of 100 cm is the highest limit
of wheat cultivation. The isohyet of 100 cm marks the
boundary between wheat growing areas on one hand and
rice growing areas on the other.
In areas of less than 50 cm annual rainfall, irrigation is
necessary for its successful growth. In fact, wheat can be

grown in areas with as little as 20-25 cm annual rainfall

provided proper irrigation faculties are available.
About 5 to 7 watering are required in irrigated areas
depending upon the amount of rainfall. While prolonged
drought, especially in rainfed areas, at the time of
maturity is harmful, light drizzles and cloudiness at the
time of ripening help in increasing the yield. Frost at
flowering time and hail storm at the time of ripening can
cause heavy damage to the wheat crop.
Although wheat can be grown in a variety of soils, well
drained fertile, friable loams and clay loams are the best
suited soils for wheat cultivation. It also grows well in the
black soil of the Deccan plateau.
Wheat cultivation is an extensive type of farming which is
highly mechanized and requires comparatively less labour.
It is mainly grown in the flat alluvial plains of north India.

To sum up wheat requires a combination of factors

including cool climate with moderate rainfall, flat and
well drained plain areas, fertile friable loam and heavy
inputs in the form of irrigation, HYV seeds, fertilizers
and mechanization.