Cause of Depression - Dhamma Wheel

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befriend
Posts: 886
Joined: Thu Jun 09, 2011
11:39 am
62 posts
1
2
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cause of depression
by befriend Wed Nov 28, 2012 10:22 pm
P
o
what
are the factors that cause depression,
s
what
is depression made out of
t
is it inverted rage or amplified sadness. or hate.
metta, Befriend
to practice patience with others rough speech, perceive there words as only sound, patience is the
path to nibbana.
o
p
Re: cause of depression

by Ben Wed Nov 28, 2012 10:33 pm
P
It odepends whether you mean clinical depression or sadness/melancholy.
s
And
t if you are looking for a scientific/medical explanation, a Buddhist explanation,
combination or something else.

Ben
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e
There is a vast amount of literature on clinical depression in medicine. Its a very well
understood condition.
kind regards,
Ben
No lists of things to be done. The day providential to itself. The hour. There is no later. This is later.
All things of grace and beauty such that one holds them to one's heart have a common provenance
in pain. Their birth in grief and ashes.
- Cormac McCarthy, The Road
Learn this from the waters:
in mountain clefts and chasms,
http://dhammawheel.com/viewtopic.php?f=13&t=15137&p=218300[19/8/2558 16:32:35]

loud gush the streamlets,
but great rivers flow silently.
- Sutta Nipata 3.725
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o
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SarathW
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by SarathW Thu Nov 29, 2012 12:22 am
P
HioBefriend
s
With
my experience only thing I can tell
t
you is that if you understand and follow Buddhas path

that will be the cure for all ailment in life.
My experience include depression, high blood pressure, obesity related deceases and few more.
Having said that I still go to my doctor several times a year!

I listen to my doctor as much as I listen to Buddha.
In fact I listen to anyone who give me advise. But I am the one who take decisions.
o
p
hermitwin
Posts: 188
Joined: Fri Feb 25, 2011
11:35 pm

by hermitwin Thu Nov 29, 2012 2:54 am
P
o
depression
is a complex illness.
s
having
lived
with a sufferer, i know that
t
every case is different.
what is the cause?

there is no simple answer.
just like the question, why is someone happy?
from the scientific point of view, it is chemical imbalance in the brain.
this can be shown in MRI.
Some patients do not respond to drugs.
I guess my advice is see a doctor, take the meds.
get counselling/therapy.
if you know someone suffering from depression, just be patient
and support them in whatever way you can.
the sufferer doesnt want to be depressed, they cant help it.
it is an illness, not a choice.
o
p
ground
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by ground Thu Nov 29, 2012 4:19 am

P
o
s
befriend wrote:
t
what are the factors that cause depression, is it inverted rage or amplified sadness. or hate.
what is depression made out of
metta, Befriend
From ignorance as a requisite condition come fabrications. From fabrications as a requisite

condition comes consciousness. From consciousness as a requisite condition comes name-&form. From name-&-form as a requisite condition come the six sense media. From the six sense
media as a requisite condition comes contact. From contact as a requisite condition comes
feeling. From feeling as a requisite condition comes craving. From craving as a requisite
condition comes clinging/sustenance. From clinging/sustenance as a requisite condition comes
becoming. From becoming as a requisite condition comes birth. From birth as a requisite
condition, then aging & death, sorrow, lamentation, pain, distress, & despair come into play.
Such is the origination of this entire mass of stress & suffering.
http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka ... .than.html
o
p
danieLion
Posts: 1947
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2011 4:49 am

by danieLion Thu Nov 29, 2012 7:24 am
P
o depression is caused by distorted cognitions,
Most
s
Sutta
t
or as the Buddha put it in the Dvedhavitakka
Whatever a monk keeps pursuing with his thinking & pondering, that becomes the inclination of
his awareness (Majjhima Nikaya 19).
The most common cognitive disortions are:
1. All-or-nothing thinking: You see things in black and white categories. If your performance
falls short of perfect, you see yourself as a total failure.
2. Overgeneralization: You see a single negative event as a never-ending pattern of defeat.
3. Mental filter: You pick out a single negative detail and dwell on it exclusively so that your
vision of all reality becomes darkened, like the drop of ink that discolors the entire beaker of
water.
4. Disqualifying the positive: You reject positive experiences by insisting they "don't count" for
some reason or other. You maintain a negative belief that is contradicted by your everyday
experiences.
5. Jumping to conclusions: You make a negative interpretation even though there are no
definite facts that convincingly support your conclusion.
-Mind reading: You arbitrarily conclude that someone is reacting negatively to you and don't
bother to check it out.
-The Fortune Teller Error: You anticipate that things will turn out badly and feel convinced that
your prediction is an already-established fact.
6. Magnification (catastrophizing) or minimization: You exaggerate the importance of things
(such as your goof-up or someone else's achievement), or you inappropriately shrink things until
they appear tiny (your own desirable qualities or the other fellow's imperfections). This is also
called the "binocular trick."
7. Emotional reasoning: You assume that your negative emotions necessarily reflect the way

things really are: "I feel it, therefore it must be true."
8. Should statements (musterbating): You try to motivate yourself with shoulds and shouldn'ts,
as if you had to be whipped and punished before you could be expected to do anything. "Musts"
and "oughts" are also offenders. The emotional consequence is guilt. When you direct should
statements toward others, you feel anger, frustration, and resentment.
9. Labeling and mislabeling: This is an extreme form of overgeneralization. Instead of
describing your error, you attach a negative label to yourself: "I'm a loser." When someone else's
behavior rubs you the wrong way, you attach a negative label to him, "He's a damn louse."
Mislabeling involves describing an event with language that is highly colored and emotionally
loaded.
10. Personalization: You see yourself as the cause of some negative external event for which, in
fact, you were not primarily responsible.
From: Burns, David D., MD. 1989. The Feeling Good Handbook. New York: William Morrow and
Company, Inc.
From this you can see how effective Buddhist practice can be to help one overcome depression.
When we train the mind using "mindfulness practices" we have very powerful tools to help us
overcome our twisted (greedy, hateful, deluded) thinking.
o
p

by cooran Thu Nov 29, 2012 7:43 am
P
o
Hello
all,
s
t
cooran
Posts: 8174
Joined: Tue Jan 06, 2009
11:32 pm
Location: Queensland,
Australia
''CAUSES OF DEPRESSION
Introduction
Unlike other illnesses or disorders, there is no simple explanation as to what causes depression.
In general, depression can be due to a number of factors including stresses which can range
from mild to severe, combined with vulnerability or predisposition to depression that can
result from biological, genetic or psychological factors.
Each type of depression is associated with different mixtures of causes. For psychotic or
melancholic depression, physical and biological factors are relevant. In contrast, for nonmelancholic depression, the role of personality and stressful life events are important.
Genetic factors
There is strong evidence that genetic factors play a significant role in a persons predisposition
towards developing depression, especially melancholic depression, psychotic depression and
bipolar disorder. No single gene is likely to be responsible, but rather a combination of genes.
The predisposition to develop depression can be inherited. The genetic risk of developing
clinical depression is about 40% if a biological parent has been diagnosed with the illness, with
the remaining 60% being due to factors within the individuals own environment. Depression is
unlikely to occur without stressful life events, but the risk of developing depression as a result
of such an event is strongly genetically determined.
Biochemical factors
Our knowledge of the human brain is still fairly limited, therefore we do not really know what
actually happens in the brain to cause depression.
It is likely that with most instances of clinical depression, neurotransmitter function is
disrupted. Neurotransmitters are chemicals that carry signals from one part of the brain to the
next. There are many neurotransmitters serving different purposes. However, three important
ones that affect a persons mood are serotonin, noradrenaline and dopamine.
In normal brain function, neurotransmitters interact with a series of nerve cells, with the signal
being as strong in the second and subsequent cells as it was in the first. However, in people
who are depressed, mood regulating neurotransmitters fail to function normally, so that the
signal is either depleted or disrupted before passing to the next nerve cell.
CAUSES OF DEPRESSION
Physical illness
In a simple sense, physical illness can lead to depression through the lowered mood that we can
all experience when we are unwell, in pain or discomfort, confined and less able to do the
things we enjoy.
Illness can also change the bodys functioning in a way that leads to depression. Even if the
illness isnt making us feel down we can still suffer from depression. For example:
It is known that certain cancers can produce a depressive illness in these cases a person might
be quite unaware that they are suffering from depression
Compromised immune functioning might play a part in the emergence of depression, although
further research is needed to establish this link
The ageing brain
As we age, our brains general functioning can become compromised and this can affect the
neurotransmitter pathways which influence mood state. Three reasons for these changes are
worth mentioning in relation to depression:
Late onset depression: Elderly people who develop dementia may also develop a severe
depression for the first time; this type of depression is commonly of a psychotic or melancholic
type and reflects the disruption of circuits linking certain basal ganglia and frontal regions of
the brain
These brain changes can reflect an ageing process, particularly in people who are vulnerable to
this kind of wear and tear
In others however, high blood pressure or mini-strokes (often unnoticed by the individual and
their family) may contribute. Good blood pressure control can reduce the chance of depression
in some people with this problem
Gender
Gender is a partial but incomplete explanation of why people may develop depression. Equal
numbers of men and women develop melancholic depression. However, studies have shown
that there is a much greater likelihood of women developing non-melancholic depression than
men. Some of the explanations for this are:
Women are more likely than men to internalise stress, thereby putting them at greater risk of
developing depression
Women with unsatisfactory marriages or who are caring for a number of young children are also
highly over represented among samples of depressed people
Hormonal factors commencing in puberty may account for the increased chance in women of
developing anxiety (a precursor to depression) or depression
CAUSES OF DEPRESSION
Stress
It is important to recognise that nearly every individual can be stressed and depressed by
certain events. Most people get over the stress or depression within days or weeks while others
do not. Ways that stress can lead to depression include the following:
Past or long-standing stresses can increase the chances of an individual developing depression
in later years e.g. growing up in an abusive or uncaring family may increase the risk of
developing depression in adult life
Events that affect a persons self-esteem such as the break-up of a close relationship or
marriage
Feelings of shame for example, thinking they have not lived up to their own or others
expectations
Personality
Our research has shown that people with the following personality types are more at risk of
developing depression than others. Those who are high on the first four factors are at
distinctly greater risk to depression (especially non-melancholic depression):
1. High levels of anxiety, which can be experienced as an internalised anxious worrying style
or as a more externalised irritability
2. Shyness expressed as social avoidance and/or personal reserve
3. Self-criticism or low self-worth
4. High interpersonal sensitivity
5. Perfectionism is somewhat protective against the onset of depression but if depression
occurs, it can result in longer episodes
6. A self-focused style is likely to be at greater risk for brief depressive episodes only
Key points to remember
There is no single cause for depression; rather its a combination of stress and a persons
vulnerabilty to developing depression
The predisposition to developing depression can be inherited
Other biological causes for depression can include physical illness, the process of ageing and
gender
Stress can trigger depression but understanding its particular meaning to the person is
important
Certain temperament and personality styles pose risks for developing non-melancholic
depression
Where to get more information
Watch our Online Depression Education Program - a guide to understanding and managing
depression: http://www.blackdoginstitute.org.au (Depression)
with metta
Chris
---The trouble is that you think you have time-----Worry is the Interest, paid in advance, on a debt you may never owe-----It's not what happens to you in life that is important ~ it's what you do with it --o
p
danieLion
Posts: 1947

by danieLion Thu Nov 29, 2012 8:29 am

Joined: Wed May 25,
2011 4:49 am
HioChris,
s
While
I appreciate parts of your post, it not only offers very few solutions and therefore little
t
or no hope, but basically misses the point. Most depression is caused by cognitive distortions,
as research into cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) shows.
On this and how it relates to the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and the
superiority of CBT over other interventions see:
Is cognitive-behavioral therapy more effective than other therapies? A meta-analytic review.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Mood Disorders: Efficacy, Moderators and Mediators
The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy: Proven Effectiveness
An excerpt from this last one:
3. Yes, CBT examines the origins of problems

Dr. Allen apparently is unfamiliar with anything that has been written from the cognitive
therapy perspective over the last 35 years on case conceptualization, the origin of early
maladaptive schemas, socialization effects on attribution style, the effects of trauma, the
implementation of programs to reduce vulnerability to depression, or the use of induced
imagery to recall and re-construct early childhood experiences. It is remarkable to me that a
commentator on the leading approach in psychotherapy (CBT) could be so ill-informed. Yet, he
is. Indeed, in Beck's earlier books in the 1970sCognitive Therapy and the Emotional Disorders
and Cognitive Therapy of DepressionBeck describes the formation of early schemas (during
childhood) that then direct selective attention and maladaptive coping. Moreover, in both the
first edition and second edition of Cognitive Therapy of Personality Disorders Beck and
colleagues describe the formation, persistence, and maladaptive coping of early schemas. In
addition, other scholars-such as Guidano and Liotti (Cognitive Processes and Emotional
Disorders: A Structural Approach to Psychotherapy, 1983) integrate Piaget and Bowlby in their
model. Jeffrey Young's Schema Focused Therapy (a branch of CBT) places considerable emphasis
on early maladaptive schemas. Marsha Linehan's DBT model emphasizes the importance of early
invalidating environments. In addition, sophisticated cognitive therapists utilize case
conceptualization, developing a model of the origins of early schemas, linking them to
underlying core beliefs and maladaptive assumptions and developing strategies to modify the
patient's coping and belief system. Books by Judith Beck, Jackie Persons, Willem Kuyken,
Christine Padesky, Robert Dudley, and Larry Needleman all attest to the importance of more
complex case formulations, which draw on our understanding of the origins of schemas. Work by
Emily Holmes and her colleagues at Oxford on the use of imagery induction and restructuring
also draw on reworking early memories. In regard to resistance, which Allen mentions, I have
written an entire book on this topic, Overcoming Resistance in Cognitive Therapy, and my
colleagues, such as Dean McKay, Jon Abramowitz, and Steve Taylor have recently published a
book entitled, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Refractory Cases: Turning Failure Into Success. I
could go on, but I believe the objective reader understands that cognitive therapy is not a
simplistic approach.
o
p

by cooran Thu Nov 29, 2012 8:46 am

P
o
Hello
Daniel,
s
t
cooran
Posts: 8174
Joined: Tue Jan 06, 2009
11:32 pm
Location: Queensland,
Australia
We will have to agree to differ. The Black Dog Institute is an educational, research, clinical and
community-oriented facility offering specialist expertise in mood disorders - a range of
disorders that include depression and bipolar disorder. The Institute is attached to the Prince
of Wales Hospital and affiliated with the University of New South Wales.
These are the Researchers - many of them are highly esteemed academics and practitioners:
http://www.blackdoginstitute.org.au/pub ... /index.cfm
with metta
Chris
---The trouble is that you think you have time-----Worry is the Interest, paid in advance, on a debt you may never owe-----It's not what happens to you in life that is important ~ it's what you do with it --o
p

by Alobha Thu Nov 29, 2012 9:36 am
P
o
s
danieLion wrote:
t
Hi Chris,
While I appreciate parts of your post, it not only offers very few solutions and therefore little or
no hope, but basically misses the point. Most depression is caused by cognitive distortions, as
research into cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) shows.
Alobha
Posts: 557
Joined: Mon Dec 19,
2011 8:27 pm
Location: Germany
I think Coorans answer was very good (so was yours).

What one can understand very well from Coorans list is, that the question for "the one" causal
reason is hard to answer from an empirical point of view. It's common to not talk of causes,
but rather of Risk Factors; meaning factors that are associated with an increased risk of
developing a disorder. It's not really causal, but there are lots of factors associated with an
increased risk: Ranging from demographics like age and gender to environmental and genetic
factors, many factors have an impact on life - it's only logical that they can also affect the
chance to develop a disease because of a negative impact.
danieLion wrote:
The most common cognitive disortions are: [...]
As for the maintaining factors of depression, I'd say cognitive distortions is a big part. If kamma
in mind, speech or action wouldn't change depression at all, there would be no way to work
with this or other disorders. And that's where one can do a lot. Also, the mentioned risk factors
are not causal because you can be part of a risk group and not develop a disease or disorder.
From my perspective, this is very logical, too. Because you can be a part of those risk groups,
but it's a big difference what you actually do. Right conduct in mind, speech and action is a
great protector - to the extent that, like the Buddha Dhamma shows, it leads to freedom from
suffering. So the question for causes is a bit different from those of maintaining factors and of
what one can do about it. I think however, it's good to know that there are factors where one
can't blame oneself. It doesn't mean that one has to resignate but it's good if people deal with
self-blame or self-stigmatizing (which is not uncommon). Of course the other important part is
that instead of resignating, there are those sustaining factors one can definitly work on and if
one does, one can be free from suffering
Best wishes,
Alobha
o
p

by BubbaBuddhist Thu Nov 29, 2012 3:36 pm
P
Inoexamining my own particular condition, in terms of brain chemistry vs. thought processes,
s
I've
t wondered for decades which is the cart and which the horse. All I can say is perhaps its a
combination of both.
BubbaBuddhist
Posts: 640
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5:55 am
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Tennessee
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o
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BlueLotus B
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o
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by BlueLotus Thu Nov 29, 2012 5:01 pm
P
o
s
Ben wrote:
t
It depends whether you mean clinical depression or sadness/melancholy.

And if you are looking for a scientific/medical explanation, a Buddhist explanation, a
Can you give a Buddhist explanation to clinical depression please?

o
p

by Iddhimant Fri Nov 30, 2012 12:19 am
P
o
s
befriend wrote:
t
metta, Befriend
Iddhimant
Posts: 1
Joined: Thu Nov 29,
2012 9:50 pm
It is a combination of physchological and physiological factors.

Sadness, jealousy, angst, yearning, frustration, anger, guilt, confusion, all these kinds of
emotions contribute to depression.
Furthermore the brain of certain individuals may be predisposed towards depression, in that
serotonin and similar receptors release or do not release the appropriate amount of ions to
maintain a healthy brain happiness. That is why chemical agents can improve mood. For
example, antidepressents are typically serotonin-uptake inhibitors, and work in exactly the
same way as banned substances (such as ecstasy).
The best way to get over depression is relaxation and accomplishing your goals through
diligence.
Whatever is, is right.
o
p
danieLion
Posts: 1947
Joined: Wed May 25,
2011 4:49 am

by danieLion Fri Nov 30, 2012 11:47 am
P
o
s
Alobha wrote:
t
danieLion wrote:
Hi Chris,
While I appreciate parts of your post, it not only offers very few solutions and therefore
little or no hope, but basically misses the point. Most depression is caused by cognitive
distortions, as research into cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) shows.
I think Coorans answer was very good (so was yours).

What one can understand very well from Coorans list is, that the question for "the one" causal
reason is hard to answer from an empirical point of view. It's common to not talk of causes, but
rather of Risk Factors; meaning factors that are associated with an increased risk of developing
a disorder. It's not really causal, but there are lots of factors associated with an increased risk:
Ranging from demographics like age and gender to environmental and genetic factors, many
factors have an impact on life - it's only logical that they can also affect the chance to develop
a disease because of a negative impact.
danieLion wrote:
The most common cognitive disortions are: [...]
As for the maintaining factors of depression, I'd say cognitive distortions is a big part. If kamma
in mind, speech or action wouldn't change depression at all, there would be no way to work
with this or other disorders. And that's where one can do a lot. Also, the mentioned risk factors
are not causal because you can be part of a risk group and not develop a disease or disorder.
From my perspective, this is very logical, too. Because you can be a part of those risk groups,
but it's a big difference what you actually do. Right conduct in mind, speech and action is a
great protector - to the extent that, like the Buddha Dhamma shows, it leads to freedom from
suffering. So the question for causes is a bit different from those of maintaining factors and of
what one can do about it. I think however, it's good to know that there are factors where one
can't blame oneself. It doesn't mean that one has to resignate but it's good if people deal with
self-blame or self-stigmatizing (which is not uncommon). Of course the other important part is
that instead of resignating, there are those sustaining factors one can definitly work on and if
one does, one can be free from suffering
Best wishes,
Alobha
Thanks Alobha,
I'm quite aware of the distinctions you've delineated, but the Buddha's teachings seem to me to
come down more on the causal than the correlational side, with all his talk about karma,
dependent origination and mental proliferation.
So, what causes suffering?

"Maintaining factors" covers what skillful mental states to pursue and develop but not which
ones to abandon or prevent from arising in the future. Are not the causes of suffering (the kind
we can be free from) psychological, mental, and infused with discursive thought? This is fertile
ground for cognitive distortions, is it not?
The causes of suffering, like the causes of true happiness and freedom, come from within. If
the Buddha were alive today and I showed him a list of the cognitive distortions I listed above
and asked, "Do you think thinking like this will cause suffering (the kind you can be free from)?"
I bet he'd say, "Yes."
Last edited by danieLion on Fri Nov 30, 2012 11:57 am, edited 1 time in total.
o
p
danieLion
Posts: 1947
Joined: Wed May 25,
2011 4:49 am

P
o
s
BubbaBuddhist wrote:
t
...brain chemistry vs. thought processes...
Could be a false dichotomy.

o
p
danieLion
Posts: 1947
Joined: Wed May 25,
2011 4:49 am

P
o
s
BlueLotus wrote:
t
Ben wrote:

Yes, can you?

o
p

by cbonanno Mon Dec 03, 2012 9:19 pm
P
o
s
befriend wrote:
t
metta, Befriend
cbonanno
Posts: 39
Joined: Mon Dec 03,
2012 4:21 pm
Location: Carrboro, NC,
USA
Contact:
Depression can be caused by both psychology and physiology. Drink enough beer and most
people will show signs of depression, and the same will happen if one doed not get enough
sunlight to make Vitamin D, so we know depression can have a chemical origin. Have a son pass
away and it can spiral into clinical depression if one is not steeped in Right View, so we know

C
o
n
t
a
c
t
c
b
o
n
a
n
n
o
it can be situational as well.

Keep in mind that The Eight Fold Path does not cure depression, it cures suffering and the
depression cause by suffering. I still have depressions, I know it is biological because the
genetics is very obvious in my family. But I can tell you that I do not SUFFER from depression
anymore. The pain is still there but the suffering has been eased thanks to the Buddha's
teachings.
If you try to cure depression with meditation you will fail. The fact that meditation rids
depressive symptoms is just a side effect of practice.
o
p

by cbonanno Mon Dec 03, 2012 9:22 pm
P
o
s
danieLion wrote:
t
BubbaBuddhist wrote:
...brain chemistry vs. thought processes...

cbonanno
Posts: 39
Joined: Mon Dec 03,
2012 4:21 pm
Location: Carrboro, NC,
USA
Contact:
C
o
n
t
a
danieLion c
Posts: 1947 t
Joined: Wed May 25,
c
2011 4:49 am
b
o
n
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Could be a false dichotomy.
Could be...?
o
p

by danieLion Tue Dec 04, 2012 1:20 am
P
o
s
cbonanno wrote:
t
The fact that meditation rids depressive symptoms is just a side effect of practice.
So "side effects" and "cures" are mutually exclusive?

o
p

by retrofuturist Tue Dec 04, 2012 4:44 am
P
o
Greetings,
s
t
danieLion wrote:
BlueLotus wrote:
retrofuturist
Posts: 15729
Joined: Tue Dec 30, 2008
9:52 pm
Location: Melbourne,
Australia
Contact:
C
o
n
t
Ben wrote:


Yes, can you?
Just throwing this out there for your consideration (so please don't try to "debate" me on it - I'm
not here for that)...
Sloth (thna), Torpor (middha)
http://www.zolag.co.uk/Cetasikas/html_n ... Doubt.html
Metta,
Retro.
"When we transcend one level of truth, the new level becomes what is true for us. The previous one
is now false. What one experiences may not be what is experienced by the world in general, but
that may well be truer. (Ven. Nanananda)
I hope, Anuruddha, that you are all living in concord, with mutual appreciation, without disputing,
blending like milk and water, viewing each other with kindly eyes. (MN 31)
Never again...
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cause of depression - Dhamma Wheel

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is it inverted rage or amplified sadness. or hate.

Re: cause of depression

combination or something else.