COMPUTER ORGANISATION AND ARCHITECTURE

MCA1
1) Write short notes on: a) Universal Gate b) Addressing Mode c) Cache Memory. d) Von Neuman
Architecture e) 2's complement subtraction f) Virtual Memory g) Booths Algorithm for
Multiplication h) Floating point representation i) Von Neumann vs Harvard architecture j)
Arithmetic Logic Unit ( ALU ). k) DMA controller l) Polling vs daisy changing bus arbitration m)
Floating point representation n) Cache memory o) Ripple counter.
2) Design a combinational circuit using different logic gates that can convert BCD code to its
corresponding excess-3 code. What is DMA ? With the help of a diagram discuss how DMA
transfer takes place.
3) What is Instruction Set ? Write down the program to compute x = b c + d/p using one address
instruction.
4) Why Grey code is called self-reflective code and Excess-3 code is called self-complementing code
? What are the problems with Grey code ?
5) What do you mean by instruction cycle, machine cycle and T states ?
6) Draw the block diagram, Boolean expression, logic symbol and truth table of X-OR gate.
7) 7. a) Using K-map method minimize the following expression : F ( w, x, y, z ) = m ( 1, 5, 6, 12,
13, 14 ) + d ( 2, 4 ).
8) Implement XOR gate using NAND gate and NAND gate using NOR gate. Explain the difference
between Ring and Johnson counter with proper state diagram and circuit diagram.
9) Draw the diagram of 3-bits Bi-directional shift register using mode control ( M ). When M is logic
0 then left shift and right shift for M is logic.
10) Design a 4 : 1 multiplexer using NAND gates.
11) Write down the advantage and disadvantage of Karnaugh map ? Why does 11 comes before 10 in
Karnaugh map ?
12) How many input line(s) must be present in a demultiplexer that has 32 possible output lines ? Why
is gated D latched called "transparent" latch ? Construct a one bit BCD adder using two 4 bit
Binary adder and an additional external circuit.
13) Verify the de Morgan' theorem by means of truth table.
14) Design a 8 : 1 MUX using two 4 : 1 MUX. b) Design a MOD 10 synchronous counter. Design the
circuit using Multiplexer.
15) Discuss the operation of 8085 microprocessor pins : ALE, IO/M, HOLD, TRAP, INTR.
16) Simplify using K-map : ABC+ ABC+ ABC+ ABC
17) Convert (B6C7)16 to decimal.
18) Prove that a full subtractor can be constructed using two half-adder and an additional external
circuit. Construct a one-bit BCD adder using two 4-bit binary adder and additional external circuit.
19) Explain the need of Cache Memory in computer. What do you understand by Cache Coherence ?
How is it overcome ? Explain the Associative Cache Mapping technique. What are the advantages
of Set Associative Cache mapping over the Direct Cache Mapping?
20) Write down the advantage and disadvantage of Karnaugh map ? Why does 11 comes before 10 in
Karnaugh map ?

ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR-I
MBA1
1) Compare and contrast Maslow's and Herzberg's theories of motivation with practical examples.
2) Define attitudes. What are the barriers to changes in attitude ? As an OB specialist suggest some
initiatives for overcoming the barriers and changing the attitudes of people used in the induction
program of an IT organisation.
3) Define Classical Conditioning Theory of Learning. Articulate the major differences between
Classical Conditioning and Operant Conditioning Theories of Learning.
4) How does Eton Mayo's theory differ with the Weber's Bureaucratic organisation ?
5) Enumerate different categories of personality types in organization.
6) Explain Halo Effect & Horns Effect.
7) Define organizational behaviour ? Discuss the contributing disciplines of OB in light of the
concepts they have given us. What is meant by saying that an organization is a "system" ?
8) Define learning. Discuss the significance of Association, Reinforcement and Observation in the
learning process.
9) State the factors that cause stress in organizations. Under what circumstances would stress be
conducive to organizational performance ? Discuss three measures of organizational stress
management.
10) Suppose that you are hiring someone to perform a job that requires very fast performance. Would
you prefer to hire a Type A or a Type B person ? Why?
11) Write notes on a) Eustress and Distress b) Perceptual errors c) Applications of OB in industry d)
Locus of control e) Cognitive dissonance.
12) What is Personality ? What are its major determinants ? How does personality relate to OB ?
13) What do you understand by the term Social Perception ? Discuss in detail, the factors taken into
consideration while forming impressions of other people ?
14) Write down Scientific Management Theory.
15) Maslow and Herzberg had approached the study of motivation somewhat differently but there are
also similarities in their ideas. Compare and contrast their views of motivation.
16) Define learning. Discuss the significance of Association, Reinforcement and Observation in the
learning process.
17) Discuss briefly Porter and Lawler Expectancy Model.
18) Briefly describe Hawthorne experiment and its conclusions in human relations.
19) Compare and contrast Maslow's Need Theory with Herzberg's two-factor theory of motivation.
20) . Define OB and elucidate the statement "OB is an Interdisciplinary Approach".

Q) What is sensitivity analysis?

Sensitivity analysis is a technique used to determine how different values of an independent variable will
impact a particular dependent variable under a given set of assumptions. This technique is used within
specific boundaries that will depend on one or more input variables, such as the effect that changes in
interest rates will have on a bond's price. Sensitivity analysis is a way to predict the outcome of a decision
if a situation turns out to be different compared to the key prediction(s).
Sensitivity analysis is very useful when attempting to determine the impact the actual outcome of a
particular variable will have if it differs from what was previously assumed. By creating a given set of
scenarios, the analyst can determine how changes in one variable(s) will impact the target variable.
For example, an analyst might create a financial model that will value a company's equity (the dependent
variable) given the amount of earnings per share (an independent variable) the company reports at the end
of the year and the company's price-to-earnings multiple (another independent variable) at that time. The
analyst can create a table of predicted price-to-earnings multiples and a corresponding value of the
company's equity based on different values for each of the independent variables.

There is a very wide range of uses to which sensitivity analysis is put. An incomplete list is given in Table
1. The uses are grouped into four main categories: decision making or development of recommendations
for decision makers, communication, increased understanding or quantification of the system, and model
development. While all these uses are potentially important, the primary focus of this paper is on making
decisions or recommendations.
Q) Explain Balance Sheet
A balance sheet lays out the ending balances in a company's asset, liability, and equity accounts as of the
date stated on the report. The most common use of the balance sheet is as the basis for ratio analysis, to
determine the liquidity of a business. Liquidity is essentially the ability to pay one's debts in a timely
manner. The information listed on the report must match the following formula:
Total assets = Total liabilities + Equity
The balance sheet is one of the key elements in the financial statements, of which the other documents are
the income statement and the statement of cash flows. A statement of retained earnings may sometimes be
attached.
The format of the balance sheet is not mandated by accounting standards, but rather by customary usage.
The two most common formats are the vertical balance sheet (where all line items are presented down the
left side of the page) and the horizontal balance sheet (where asset line items are listed down the first
column and liabilities and equity line items are listed in a later column). The vertical format is easier to
use when information is being presented for multiple periods.
The line items to be included in the balance sheet are up to the issuing entity, though common practice
typically includes some or all of the following items:
Current Assets:

Cash and cash equivalents

Trade and other receivables
Investments
Inventories

Assets held for sale

Non-Current Assets:

Property, plant, and equipment

Intangible assets
Goodwill

Current Liabilities:

Trade and other payables

Accrued expenses
Current tax liabilities
Current portion of loans payable
Other financial liabilities
Liabilities held for sale

Non-Current Liabilities:

Loans payable
Deferred tax liabilities
Other non-current liabilities

Equity:

Capital stock
Additional paid-in capital
Retained earnings

Here is an example of a balance sheet:

ABC Corporation
Balance Sheet
(000s)

as of 12/31/2011

as of 12/31/2012

Rs.135,000

Rs.110,000

Trade receivables

70,000

62,000

Inventories

65,000

58,000

8,000

31,000

278,000

261,000

275,000

260,000

Goodwill

40,000

40,000

Other intangible assets

72,000

70,000

387,000

370,000

Rs.665,000

Rs.631,000

Rs.105,000

Rs.100,000

50,000

90,000

7,000

6,000

21,000

14,000

5,000

3,000

ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents

Other current assets

Total current assets

Non-current assets
Property, plant, and equipment

Total non-current assets

Total assets

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY

Current liabilities
Trade and other payables
Short-term borrowings
Current portion of long-term borrowings
Current tax payable
Accrued expenses

Total current liabilities

188,000

213,000

Long-term debt

40,000

35,000

Deferred taxes

29,000

21,000

Total non-current liabilities

69,000

56,000

257,000

269,000

Rs.150,000

Rs.150,000

30,000

30,000

Retained earnings

228,000

182,000

Total equity

408,000

362,000

Rs.665,000

Rs.631,000

Non-current liabilities

Total liabilities

Shareholders Equity
Capital
Additional paid-in capital

Total liabilities and equity

Within the balance sheet, the following should be classified as current assets:

Cash. This includes all liquid, short-term investments that are easily convertible into cash. Do not
include in current assets cash that is restricted, or to be used to pay down a long-term liability.
Marketable securities. This includes all securities that are held for trading.
Accounts receivable. This includes all trade receivables, as well as all other types of receivables that
should be collected within one year.
Prepaid expenses. This includes any prepayment that is expected to be used within one year.
Inventory. This includes all raw materials, work in process, and finished goods items, less an
obsolescence reserve.

In general, any asset is classified as a current asset when there is a reasonable expectation that the asset
will be consumed within the next year, or within the operating cycle of the business. All other assets are to
be classified as non-current.
Within the balance sheet, the following should be classified as current liabilities:

Payables. This is all trade payables related to the purchase of goods or services from suppliers.

Accrued expenses. This is expenses incurred by the business, for which no supplier invoice has yet
been received.
Short-term debt. This is loans for which payment is due within the next year.
Unearned revenue. This is advance payments from customers that have not yet been earned by the
company.

In general, a liability is classified as current when there is a reasonable expectation that the liability will
come due within the next year, or within the operating cycle of the business. All other liabilities are to be
classified as non-current.