Introduction:

Indian Railways is having the worlds largest railway network. The

Indian Railways contribute largely in the public transport as it becomes a primary mode
of transport. The leading nations have that are not practiced in India.
There are large number of accidents that are happening in which
many lives are lost and also in these accidents there is a huge loss of the railway and the
national property. Most of the accidents occur due to negligence, technical faults nonreliable data and late understanding and slow or no response towards the danger signs
considered small. Thus there is need to develop the sensitive Guard Rooms, cabins,
Stations, Control Rooms and many other units. There is also need to develop the autoalert and auto-control systems.

Principle and Working:

As we know the most of the accidents occur due to the
collisions, negligence of the signals i.e. the human error, track related problems and some
as the technical errors. And yet signals i.e. human error, track related problems and some
as the technical errors and yet there is no measure as such taken for the cause. The main
principle that is used for the safety of Indian railways is that whenever a train will move
over the track there will be vibrations that will be created on the track. These vibrations
that are produced on the track are dependent on the speed of the train, load or the weight
of the train. These vibrations travel long distances because of one the metal tracks and the
other reason is the connection of these tracks by means of the fish plates.

Fig: Communication link architecture

There will be microphones on the tracks such that they will

constantly note the vibrations that are coming from the train. The vibrations that will be
coming from the train will depend on the above mentioned factors as well as the distance
of the sensors from the moving train. There will the database for the vibrations prepared
on the basis of the ideal conditioned noted by the case study of different trains and with
distance of train from the sensors. There will be software that will convert these
vibrations in such a form that they can be compared with the already existing data of the
database.
The GPS will be used to get the details of the train such as the
speed and exact position of the train. Thus the GPS will work as the anti-collision device
as well. The GPS will provide the means of the communication and input of the data from
the train to all the centers and the other trains. If there will be any problem on the track,
bridge etc. Such as the removal of the fish plates the vibrations produced from the train
will change (they will either get damped or will exit which is a noticeable change from
the ideal case) the same can be concluded or developed for the bridges also. This change
can be noted by the means of the comparison of the data obtained from the sensors so the
data can be transferred immediately. All these will work in tandem and if there will be
any error then the vibrations will differ thus through the satellite communication we can
tell the Engine Driver in advance and a preventive measure can be taken well ahead of
the time. The whole system depends on the proper functioning of the components and the
purposed method will even work if there will be failure of one or two components thus
the proposed method can contribute in large towards the railway safety by means of the
network of the following components.

G.P.S (GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM):

This is most important of the component for the safety of the system
which is mentioned.

Principal of working:
Definition: The GPS is a world wide network radio navigation system
formed from a constellation of minimum of 24 satellites and their ground stations.GPS
uses the artificial satellites to compute the position of the receiver in terms of the four
coordinates that is X,Y,Z and time. Now a day the accuracy of the GPS systems is
increased up to nearly the range of the 1cm to even 1mm for the high cost differential
carrier phase survey satellites. The GPS contains a combination of at least 24 satellites
That are moving in six of the orbital planes which are 60 degrees equally spaced. Apart
from each other and each having a 4 number of the satellite in them. These are inclined at
55 degrees to the equatorial plane. This arrangement makes it possible that the receiver is
always in range at least 5 satellites. There are many ground stations that the keeping a
close watch on these satellites. These ground stations also maintain the clock of the
satellite is in the orbit. Now a day the GPS is used to assist the sailors in open sea.

Functions:
Navigation in the 3-d is the primary objective of the GPS. The GPS
will have a very important role in the mission of the Railway safety. The main function of
the GPS is to get the interconnectivity of the various points that will be mentioned in the
later sections and to note the position and speed of the train and respond to the signals
that are picked up by the sensors and send the signals to the train drivers and the Guards
of the Train Ground stations containing the network of the cabins, station masters, control
rooms and all the related points on the ground. Thus giving all the details of the train in a
very much understandable and visual form. The signal that are picked up by the satellites
will be then processed and checked for any kind of the faulty situations by simply
comparing the signals using the software and the DBMS mentioned later in the paper.
This will help the Drivers, Station masters, cabin men and many other to operate the
traffic with ease and this will also help in the communication of all the units(stationary
and moving).

CURRENT USES OF THE GPS:

The GPS is currently used in various activities such as:

Rescue missions on the open sea.

Military operations.
In the forests and tourist places.
In the mobile phones.
Navigation in the open sea.
These are to name a few but there are many such
implementations of the GPS that are even more advanced and futuristic.

Microphone Sensors:
This will be the most critical selection of the unit of the network. When a train
moves there are huge amount of vibrations or the noises are created that are possible
to get recognized from a large distance (every one knows the childhood game to
know whether a train is coming the children place their ears on the tracks). This with
the advanced form of the microphones we can note down these vibrations on the
track.
Functions:
The micro phones will have the purposes to note down the vibrations
coming from the track by the motion of the train. These details will be then compared
with the vibrations from the database in accordance to the distance of the train from
the sensors. The proposed sensor is the carbon microphones that are generally used in
the telephones.

Fibre Optic Wires

These are the latest advances made for the transfer of the data and the
signals with the speed that is nearly equal to the speed of the light. These are required
to transfer the data that is collected from the sensors to safety of Indian Railways with
the Networking of GPS., Sensors and Software systems with the D.B.M.S. there
respective places in the network that is needed to be developed by the railways.
FUNCTIONS:
The main function of the fibre optic network is to transfer the data or
the signals that are collected from the sensors quickly to the software analysis at the
respective places in the network.

SOFTWARE AND DBMS:

Software is the programs that can perform some tasks that are
assigned to them. The DBMS is the Data Base Management System which can store a
huge amount of the data in them. Software and the DBMS will together work for the
safety of the railways.
FUNCTIONS:
The main purpose of the software is to convert the vibration noted by the
sensors and convert it into some graphical or some other form that can be used to
store the details of the train in the DBMS. The DBMS will contain many details of
the vibrations or the signals that are observed under good conditions from the various
analysis done on the trains according to the re weight and distance from the sensors.
The main function of the software is to compare the vibrations that are produced by
the train with the data that is stored in the DBMS.

FOR CABINS, STATIONS, GAURD ROOMS, CONTROL ROOMS &OTHER

IMPORTANT ESTABLISHMENTS:

ON-BOARD UNIT WITH GPS AND WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS:

The on-board unit consists of communication satellite antenna,
satellite positioning antenna, the on-board receiver system and communication
interface devices etc (shown in figure 3). The on-board unit can continuously measure
different parameters, tag the data with time and position information, reports irregular
conditions. These mentioned establishments need a tremendous development in the
there current status for the safety of the Railways. These requirements are as follows:
Need of the towers for the details and the communication between other
establishments, trains and the satellites.
A visual display system to show the actual position of the trains along with
together details like visual and audio warning systems.
Receivers and the transmitters tuned to proper frequencies and in accordance
to the network.
The train drivers cabin must be such that the driver will come
to know about the track, wheat her, bridges and constructional status in advance.
Thus there is need of a high tech visual display screen to tell the details required
by the driver for the smooth operation of the train, Good communication system.
This can be achieved by the use of the satellites of the GPS for the
communication.

TRANSMITTER & RECEIVER:

From the standard data available the frequency should be as

follows:
Main allocations 5.925 to 6.425 GHZ (for uplinks) & 3,700 to 4,200
GHZ (for downlinks) which may change as per the advancements that are made
and the system requirements. The Range of the Trains device will be 25-75 km
(as per the requirements and the system integration).

SYSTEM INTEGRATION:

After the components will be fabricated then these will be

integrated to perform the required and proposed functions. This will help the
Indian Railways for a very longtime. The integration of the project proposed will
such that each times the train, Guard room. Control room, Stations and the
satellites all will be simultaneously work for the safety of the railways. The figure
shows the integration of the system in diagram.

EXPECTED BENEFITS TO THE INDIAN RAILWAYS:

Railway safety
Automation in the work.
Reduction in the stress levels because of the good equipments and
machinery.
Time Delays: As every time the position of the train will be known thus
there will not any time delays.
Train Traffic Control: Due to the continuous monitoring of the trains
there will be a good train traffic control.
Futuristic method: With this method it is possible to make fully
automatic train network which may even not have the driver in it.

CONCLUSION:
The benefits and advantages of the proposed method outnumber the
problems and disadvantages. Also this method is having good expected results. Thus the
proposal should be considered for the most important transport system in INDIA and for
the safety the costliest human life and the national property. The project can work for a
very large time period. Thus the integration of GPS, sensors along with software systems
can be effectively used to provide safety as well as huge income to the INDIAN
RAILWAYS.

References:
satellite communication by Charles W.Bostian&Timothy patt
Electronic communication system by George Kennedy &
Bernard Davis
www.trimble.com
www.discoveryindia.com
www.irsuggestions.org