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Bongaigaon Thermal Power Project (3x250 MW) Switchyard Package

DESIGN OF CABLE TRENCH SECTION 1-1


SOIL PARAMETERS:
Safe Bearing Capacity
( As per Soil Investigation Report )
Density of Soil

SBC

soil

70 KN/m2 AT 1.5 M AS PER SPEC.


(REFER CH. C1 pg.5)
18 KN/m3

Grade of Concrete

fck

=M

25 N/mm2 (REFER CH. C0 pg.24 )

Density of Concrete

conc

25 KN/m3

Reinforcement yield stress

fy

500 N/mm2

Density of water

water

9.81 KN/m3

Angle of repose

Cable trench width

Cw

1.9

Toe Projection

Ct

0.00

Cable trench depth from GL

1.125

Top cover slab thickness

TRthk

0.090

Pad thickness

Dpad

0.150

Wall thickness

W thk

0.150

Plinth level from GL

PL

0.3

Length of cable tray tier

0.75

Point load at end of cable tier

0.74

kN

UDL in the cable tray tier

1.52

kN/m

No of cable trays

Nos

Active earth pressure

Ka

Effective span

=
=

Cover to reinforcement

Effective depth of slab

=
=

GEOMETRY:

Deg

CABLE TRENCH DIMENSION:

(1- sin )

(1+ sin )

1.000

+
m

0.150

DESIGN OF TOP COVER SLAB

Page 1 of 23

1.9
2.05

15 mm
(CLEAR COVER CONSIDERED)
90
15
6
69 mm

Bongaigaon Thermal Power Project (3x250 MW) Switchyard Package

Self weight of slab for 90mm thk.

Page 2 of 23

0.09

25

Bongaigaon Thermal Power Project (3x250 MW) Switchyard Package

UDL OF 1500 Kg/m

Total UDL on slab for width mm

300

Maximum bending Moment

Mu/bd2

=
=

2.25 kN/m2
14.7 kN/m2

=(

2.25

16.9605

5.08815

kN/m

=
=

(wl2)/8

5.08815

x
8

2.673
300

x
x

10
69

x
2

1.5

2.807

69

300

Ascreq =

0.760
0.760
100
157.32

mm2

100

mm

mm2
x

113.097
113.097
100
339.292

0.12

Ascreq =

0.12
100
32.4
460
200

x
mm2
c/c
c/c

1.000

20.25 kN/m2

The above pressure acts at a distance of

=
=

1.125
0.38

/3
m

Moment at base of wall

20.25

7.594

kN m

=
Provide tor steel dia### mm @ c/c distance of
Provide tor steel dia### mm bar 3 no. bars

Provide
Provide

2.05

kN m

Area of steel required

Area of steel required

0.3

2.673

pt

=
=

Minimum distribution steel percent

0.3

Referring to Table 3 of Design Aids


Reinforcement Percentage

Area of steel for### mm bar


Area of steel provided

14.71 ) X

=
8 mm @ c/c distance of
8 mm @ c/c distance of

210

300

90

300

18

1.125

DESIGN OF SIDE WALLS


Pressure due to soil

P1

Page 3 of 23

0.375

Bongaigaon Thermal Power Project (3x250 MW) Switchyard Package

Calculation of moments in the cable tray


Moment due to cable tray tier

Moment due to cable tray tiers

1.52

0.75

0.9825

x
2
kN m

=
=

0.9825

2.9475

kN m

=
Considering a surcharge load of 20kN/sq m on wall face
Moment due to this pressure
(Design Load = 20 x 0.5)
(REFER CH C0 pg.5 OF SPECIFICATION)
=
Total moment

15.42

0.133 fck bd2

Effective depth of wall required

d2

dreq

=
=
=
=

Referring to Table 3 of Design Aids


Reinforcement Percentage

pt

Area of steel required

Ascreq =

=
Provide tor steel dia### mm @ c/c distance of

Area of steel provided/m

Minimum distribution steel percentage


Area of steel required

Provide
Provide

15.4163
0.133

x
x

0.975
2

2.948

4.875

10
25

x
1000

30

12

1.5

83.39 mm
150
108 mm

15.4163
x
10
1000
x
108
1.983 N/sq.mm

0.498
0.498
100
537.84
150

108

mm2

1000
150

mm

113.097

mm2

113.097
150
753.98

0.12

Ascreq =

0.12
100
180
270
200

Page 4 of 23

0.74

kN m

=
8 mm @ c/c distance of
8 mm @ c/c distance of

kN m

=
=

Area of steel for### mm bar

4.875

7.59375

BM

Mu/bd2

10

Since Moment is given by

Effective depth provided

+ Wl

(wl2)/2

1000

mm2

mm2
c/c
c/c

150

1000

1.5

0.75

Bongaigaon Thermal Power Project (3x250 MW) Switchyard Package

DESIGN OF BOTTOM SLAB:


Consider loads per meter length of cable trench
Weight of top roof cover slab

=
=

0.09
4.95

x
kN/m

2.200

25

Weight of side walls

=
=

0.15
8.4375

x
kN/m

1.125

25

Weight of Base Slab

=
=

2.20
8.25

x
kN/m

0.150

25

Total Weight

4.95
+
21.638 kN/m

8.438

8.25

Reaction at Wall Supports

=(
=

21.6375
8.944 kN/m

0.15

25

Pressure at bottom of base slab

=
2.2
=

9.835

)/ 2

21.6375
1.00
x
kN/m2

<

70.0

kN/m2

SAFE
Net Pressure

=
=

Design of bottom reinforcement:


Maximum bending Moment at centre

9.835
6.09 kN/m2

wl2
10
9.835

8.944

9.679

Effective depth provided

=
=

150
114

Mu/bd2

=
=

9.679

10
1000

x
114

114

1000

1.117 N/mm

Area of steel required

Ascreq =

0.267
100
304.38

mm2

150

mm

113.097

mm2

113.097
150

Page 5 of 23

30

0.267

Area of steel provided/m

25

mm

Area of steel for### mm bar

KN-m

pt

Provide tor steel dia### mm @ c/c distance of

Wl
4
2.20
10
2.2
4

Referring to Table 3 of Design Aids


Reinforcement Percentage

0.15

1000

1.5
2

Bongaigaon Thermal Power Project (3x250 MW) Switchyard Package

Page 6 of 23

753.98

mm2

Bongaigaon Thermal Power Project (3x250 MW) Switchyard Package

Moment due to cantilever projection of toe


Moment

Mu/bd2

9.84

0.00

Tm

0.00

0
2

10
1000

x
116

150

1000

150

1000

=
0
Negligable
Distribution reinforcement
Minimum distribution steel percent
Area of steel required

Provide
Provide

0.12

Ascreq =

0.12
100
180
270
200

=
8 mm @ c/c distance of
8 mm @ c/c distance of

mm2
c/c
c/c

Design of top reinforcement:


Bottom pad thickness is 150mm , hence provide min reinforcement at top of pad
Minimum steel percent
Area of steel required

Provide
Provide

0.12

Ascreq =

0.12
100
180
270
200

=
8 mm @ c/c distance of
8 mm @ c/c distance of

Page 7 of 23

mm2
c/c
c/c

bothways at top

1.5
2

Bongaigaon Thermal Power Project (3x250 MW) Switchyard Package

Page 8 of 23

Bongaigaon Thermal Power Project (3x250 MW) Switchyard Package

DESIGN OF CABLE TRENCH SECTION 2-2


SOIL PARAMETERS:
Safe Bearing Capacity

SBC

70 KN/m2

Density of Soil

soil

18.00 KN/m3

Grade of Concrete

fck

=M

25 N/mm2

Density of Concrete

conc

25 KN/m3

Reinforcement yield stress

fy

500 N/mm2

Density of water

water

9.81 KN/m3

Angle of repose

0 Deg

Cable trench width

Cw

1.05 m

Cable trench depth from GL

1.125 m

Top cover slab thickness

TRthk

0.070 m

Pad thickness

Dpad

0.150 m

Wall thickness

W thk

0.150 m

Plinth level from GL

PL

0.3 m

Length of cable tray tier

0.75 m

Point load at end of cable tier

0.74 kN

UDL in the cable tray tier

1.52 kN/m

No of cable trays

Active earth pressure

Ka

GEOMETRY:
(REFER CH. C0 pg.24 )

CABLE TRENCH DIMENSIONS:

3 Nos
(1- sin )

1.000

(1+ sin )

DESIGN OF TOP COVER SLAB


Effective span

=
=

Cover to reinforcement

Effective depth of slab

Page 9 of 23

1.05 +
1.35 m

0.30

15 mm
(CLEAR COVER CONSIDERED)
70
15
6

Bongaigaon Thermal Power Project (3x250 MW) Switchyard Package

Self weight of slab for 70mm thk.


UDL of 1500 kg/m2

=
=
=
=
=

49
0.07
1.75
14.715
1.75

16.465 x
4.940 kN/m

Total UDL on slab for 300mm width

=
=

Maximum bending Moment

=
=

Mu/bd2

1.125
300

2.343 N/mm2

Ascreq =

=
mm @ c/c distance of
mm @ c/c distance of
mm dia. 3 no. bars
mm bar
=
=
`
=
=

Area of steel required

Ascreq =

Provide
Provide

x
8

Area of steel required

Minimum distribution steel percent

4.940

1.125 kN m

pt

=
8 mm @ c/c distance of
8 mm @ c/c distance of

25

14.72 =

16.47 kN/m2

0.3

(wl2)/8

Referring to Table 2 of Design Aids


Reinforcement Percentage

Provide tor steel dia###


Provide tor steel dia###
Provide tor steel dia###
Area of steel for###
Area of steel provided

mm
x
kN/m2
kN/m2
+

x
x

1.35

10 6x
49 2

1.5

0.602
0.602
x
100
88.494 mm2
380 mm
300
mm
113.097 mm2
113.097 x
380
89.2874
0.12 %
0.12
100
17.64
850
200

49

x 300

300

49 x

300

mm2
c/c
c/c

DESIGN OF SIDE WALLS


Pressure due to soil

1.000

The above pressure acts at a distance of

=
=
=

20.25 kN/m2
1.125 /3
0.375 m

Moment at base of wall

20.25

7.594 kN m

Calculation of moments in the cable tray


Moment due to cable tray tier

P1

Page 10 of 23

(wl2)/2

+ Wl

18

0.375

1.125

Bongaigaon Thermal Power Project (3x250 MW) Switchyard Package

1.52 x

0.75 2+

0.74 x

Moment due to cable tray tiers

Moment due to 20kN/sq m surcharge load


(Design Load = 20 x 0.5)

0.983 kN m

0.983

2.948 kN m

Total moment

10

4.875 kN m

7.594

15.42 kN m

Factored Maxi.Bending Moment

M
M

=
=

15.42
x
23.12 kN m

Since Moment is given by

BM

0.133 fck bd2

Effective depth of wall required

d2

23.12
0.133

Effective depth provided

Mu/bd2

Referring to Table 3 of Design Aids


Reinforcement Percentage
Area of steel required

dreq

=
=

1.779 N/mm2

=
=

Minimum distribution steel percentage


Area of steel required

Provide
Provide

150
114 mm
23.12
1000

=
Provide tor steel dia### mm @ c/c distance of
Area of steel for### mm bar
=

=
Ascreq =

=
8 mm @ c/c distance of
8 mm @ c/c distance of

DESIGN OF BOTTOM SLAB


Consider loads per meter length of cable trench

Page 11 of 23

0.975 x
2

2.948 +

4.875

1.5

10 6
25
x

1000

83.395 mm

pt
=
Ascreq =

Area of steel provided/m

x
x

x
x

0.456
0.456
x
100
519.84 mm2
150 mm
113.097 mm2
113.097
x
150
753.98 mm2
0.12
0.12
100
180
270
200

%
x
mm2
c/c
c/c

30

10 6
114 2

114

x 1000

1000

150 x

1000

0.75

Bongaigaon Thermal Power Project (3x250 MW) Switchyard Package

Weight of top roof cover slab

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

Weight of side walls


Weight of Base Slab
Total Weight

Reaction at Wall Supports

=(
=

Pressure at bottom of base slab

=
=
=

Net Pressure

0.07
2.363
0.15
8.438
1.35
5.063
2.363
15.863

1.35

1.125 x

25

kN
25

0.150

25

8.438 +

5.063

15.863
6.056 kN

0.150 x

25

kN
x

kN
kN
)/ 2

15.863
1.35
1
x
2
11.75 kN/m
11.75
SAFE

<

kN/m2

70

=
=

11.75
kN/m2
8

0.15

wl2
10
11.75

6.056

Wl
4
1.35
10
1.35
4

4.185 KN-m

=
=
=

150
114 mm
4.185
x

x 25

Design of bottom reinforcement:


Maximum bending Moment at centre

Effective depth provided


Mu/bd2

=
Referring to Table 2 of Design Aids
Reinforcement Percentage

pt

Area of steel required

Ascreq =

=
Provide tor steel dia### mm @ c/c distance of
Provide tor steel dia### mm @ c/c distance of
Area of steel for### mm bar
Area of steel provided/m

Distribution reinforcement
Minimum distribution steel percent
Area of steel required

Provide

=
8 mm @ c/c distance of

Page 12 of 23

30 -

10 6
x
1000 x
114

0.483 N/mm2
0.106
0.106
x
100
120.84 mm2
930 mm
150
mm

=
113.097
=
113.097 x
=
0
Negligable

=
Ascreq =

0.12
0.12
100
180
270

%
x
mm2
c/c

114

1000

1000

150 x

1000

1.5
2

Bongaigaon Thermal Power Project (3x250 MW) Switchyard Package

Provide

8 mm @ c/c distance of

Page 13 of 23

200

c/c

Bongaigaon Thermal Power Project (3x250 MW) Switchyard Package

DESIGN OF CABLE TRENCH SECTION 3-3


SOIL PARAMETERS:
Safe Bearing Capacity

SBC

70 KN/m2

Density of Soil

soil

18 KN/m3

Grade of Concrete

fck

=M

25 N/mm2

Density of Concrete

conc

25 KN/m3

Reinforcement yield stress

fy

500 N/mm2

Density of water

water

9.81 KN/m3

Angle of repose

0 Deg

Cable trench width

Cw

0.6 m

Cable trench depth from GL

0.4 m

Top cover slab thickness

TRthk

0.060 m

Pad thickness

Dpad

0.100 m

Wall thickness

W thk

0.100 m

Plinth level from GL

PL

0.3 m

Length of cable tray tier

0.35 m

Point load at end of cable tier

0.74 kN

UDL in the cable tray tier

1.52 kN/m

No of cable trays

Active earth pressure

Ka

GEOMETRY:
(REFER CH. C0 pg.24 )

CABLE TRENCH WIDTH:

2
(1- sin )

Nos
=

1.000

(1+ sin )

DESIGN OF TOP COVER SLAB


Effective span

Cover to reinforcement
Effective depth of slab

c
d

Self weight of slab for 60mm thk.


UDL of 1500kg/m2

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

0.6
0.80
15
60
41

+
m
mm
mm

0.06
x
1.5 kN/m2
14.715 kN/m2
1.5
+

Page 14 of 23

0.20
(CLEAR COVER CONSIDERED)
15
4

25

14.72 =

16.215 kN/m2

Bongaigaon Thermal Power Project (3x250 MW) Switchyard Package

Self weight of slab for 500mm width

=
=

Maximum bending Moment

=
=

Mu/bd2

0.649
500

1.158 N/mm2

Area of steel required

Ascreq

=
Provide tor steel dia 8 mm @ c/c distance of
Provide tor steel dia 8 mm 5 no. bars
Area of steel for 8 mm bar
=
Area of steel provided
=

Area of steel required

Provide
Provide

x
8

Ascreq

8.108

0.649 kN m

pt

10 6x
41 2

1.5

0.280
0.280 x
100
57.4 mm2
430
mm

=
=

0.12 %

=
8 mm @ c/c distance of
8 mm @ c/c distance of

kN/m2

0.80

x
x

50.265 mm2
50.265 x
430
58.4482 mm2

0.5

(wl2)/8

Referring to Table 3 of Design Aids


Reinforcement Percentage

Minimum distribution steel percentage

16.215
x
8.108 kN/m

0.12
100
36
690
200

41 x

500

500

60 x

500

mm2
c/c
c/c

DESIGN OF SIDE WALLS


Pressure due to soil

P1

1.000

The above pressure acts at a distance of

=
=
=

7.2
kN/m2
0.4 /3
0.13 m

Moment at base of wall

=
=

Calculation of moments in the cable tray


Moment due to cable tray tier

=
=

7.2

18

0.4

0.133

0.96 kN m
+ Wl

(wl2)/2

1.52

0.35

0.74

0.300 x
2

1.0

Moment due to cable tray tiers

Moment due to 20kN/sq m surcharge pressure


(Design Load = 20 x 0.5)

0.3521 kN.m

0.3521

0.7042 kN m

=
=

10

1.500 kN m

Page 15 of 23

0.35

Bongaigaon Thermal Power Project (3x250 MW) Switchyard Package


Total moment

0.96

3.16 kN m

Since Moment is given by

BM

0.133 fck bd2

Effective depth of wall required

d2

3.16
0.133 x

dreq

=
=

Effective depth provided

Mu/bd2

100
60 mm
3.1642 x
1000 x

0.320

Area of steel required

Ascreq

0.320
100
192
150
78.540

Minimum distribution steel percentage


Ascreq

Area of steel required

Provide
Provide

30

10

10 6 x
60 2

1.5

60 x

1000

mm2
mm
mm2

78.540 x
150
523.60 mm2

0.12 %

0.12
x
100
120 mm2
410 c/c
200 c/c

=
8 mm @ c/c distance of
8 mm @ c/c distance of

x 1.5
1000

1.318 N/mm2

pt

Area of steel provided/m

10 6
25 x

1.500

37.782 mm

Referring to Table 3 of Design Aids


Reinforcement Percentage

=
Provide tor steel dia### mm @ c/c distance of
Area of steel for### mm bar
=

0.704 +

1000

100

1000

DESIGN OF BOTTOM SLAB


Consider loads per meter length of cable trench
Weight of top roof cover slab

=
=

0.06
x
1.2 kN

Weight of side walls

=
=

0.1
x
2.00 kN

0.4

Weight of Base Slab

=
=

0.80
x
2 kN

Total Weight

Reaction at Wall Supports

=(
=

0.100 x

25

1.2
+
5.2 kN
5.2
1.35
kN

Page 16 of 23

0.800 x

25

25

0.100 x

)/ 2

25

Bongaigaon Thermal Power Project (3x250 MW) Switchyard Package


Pressure at bottom of base slab

Net Pressure
Design of bottom reinforcement
Maximum bending Moment at centre

5.2
0.8
x
6.500 kN/m2

=
=

6.500
4.000 kN/m2

0.1

wl2
10
6.500

1.35

Wl
4
0.80
10
0.80
4

Effective depth provided

=
=
=

0.686 KN-m
100
65 mm

Mu/bd2

0.686

=
Referring to Table 3 of Design Aids
Reinforcement Percentage

pt

Area of steel required

Ascreq

=
Provide tor steel dia### mm @ c/c distance of
Provide tor steel dia### mm @ c/c distance of
Area of steel for### mm bar
Area of steel provided/m

Distribution reinforcement
Minimum distribution steel percent
Ascreq

Area of steel required

Provide
Provide

0.180
x
100
117
mm2
670 mm
150
mm
78.540

=
=

78.540 x
150
523.60 mm2

0.12 %

0.12
x
100
120 mm2
410 c/c
200 c/c

Page 17 of 23

25

10 6
1000 x

1.5
65

=
8 mm @ c/c distance of
8 mm @ c/c distance of

30

0.244 N/mm
0.180

65

1000

1000

100

1000

Fy =

500

Mu/bd2 =

0.5

% pt =

0.119

Fy =

500

Mu/bd2 =

0.2

% pt =

0.18

TABLE 3
FLEXURE - REINFORCEMENT PERCENTAGE,
pt FOR SINGLY REINFORCED SECTIONS
Mu/bd2
N/mm2
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.55
0.60
0.65
0.70
0.75
0.80
0.85
0.90
0.95
1.00
1.05
1.10
1.15
1.20
1.25
1.30
1.35
1.40
1.45
1.50
1.55
1.60
1.65
1.70
1.75
1.80
1.85
1.90
1.95
2.00
2.02
2.04

Fy N/mm2
240
0.146
0.171
0.196
0.222
0.247
0.272
0.298
0.324
0.350
0.376
0.403
0.430
0.456
0.483
0.511
0.538
0.566
0.594
0.622
0.650
0.678
0.707
0.736
0.765
0.795
0.825
0.855
0.885
0.916
0.947
0.978
1.009
1.041
1.073
1.106
1.119
1.132

250
0.140
0.164
0.188
0.213
0.237
0.262
0.286
0.311
0.336
0.361
0.387
0.412
0.438
0.464
0.490
0.517
0.543
0.570
0.597
0.624
0.651
0.679
0.707
0.735
0.763
0.792
0.821
0.850
0.879
0.909
0.939
0.969
1.000
1.030
1.062
1.074
1.087

415
0.085
0.099
0.114
0.128
0.143
0.158
0.172
0.187
0.203
0.218
0.233
0.248
0.264
0.280
0.295
0.311
0.327
0.343
0.359
0.376
0.392
0.409
0.426
0.443
0.460
0.477
0.494
0.512
0.530
0.547
0.565
0.584
0.602
0.621
0.640
0.647
0.655

480
0.073
0.086
0.098
0.111
0.123
0.136
0.149
0.162
0.175
0.188
0.201
0.215
0.228
0.242
0.255
0.269
0.283
0.297
0.311
0.325
0.339
0.354
0.368
0.383
0.397
0.412
0.427
0.443
0.458
0.473
0.489
0.505
0.521
0.537
0.553
0.559
0.566

500
0.070
0.082
0.094
0.106
0.119
0.131
0.143
0.156
0.168
0.181
0.193
0.206
0.219
0.232
0.245
0.258
0.272
0.285
0.298
0.312
0.326
0.339
0.353
0.367
0.382
0.396
0.410
0.425
0.440
0.454
0.469
0.484
0.500
0.515
0.531
0.537
0.543

2.06
2.08
2.10
2.12
2.14
2.16
2.18
2.20
2.22
2.24
2.26
2.28
2.30
2.32
2.34
2.36
2.38
2.40
2.42
2.44
2.46
2.48
2.50
2.52
2.54
2.56
2.58
2.60
2.62
2.64
2.66
2.68
2.70
2.72
2.74
2.76
2.78
2.80
2.82
2.84
2.86
2.88
2.90
2.92
2.94
2.96
2.98

1.145
1.159
1.172
1.185
1.199
1.212
1.226
1.239
1.253
1.267
1.281
1.295
1.309
1.323
1.337
1.351
1.365
1.380
1.394
1.408
1.423
1.438
1.452
1.467
1.482
1.497
1.512
1.527
1.542
1.558
1.573
1.588
1.604
1.620
1.636
1.651
1.667
1.683
1.700
1.716
1.732
1.749
1.766
1.782
1.799
1.816
1.833

1.099
1.112
1.125
1.138
1.151
1.164
1.177
1.190
1.203
1.216
1.230
1.243
1.256
1.270
1.283
1.297
1.311
1.324
1.338
1.352
1.366
1.380
1.394
1.408
1.423
1.437
1.451
1.466
1.481
1.495
1.510
1.525
1.540
1.555
1.570
1.585
1.601
1.616
1.632
1.647
1.663
1.679
1.695
1.711
1.727
1.743
1.760

0.662
0.670
0.678
0.685
0.693
0.701
0.709
0.717
0.725
0.733
0.741
0.749
0.757
0.765
0.773
0.781
0.790
0.798
0.806
0.814
0.823
0.831
0.840
0.848
0.857
0.866
0.874
0.883
0.892
0.901
0.910
0.919
0.928
0.937
0.946
0.955
-

0.573
0.579
0.586
0.593
0.599
0.606
0.613
0.620
0.627
0.633
0.640
0.647
0.654
0.661
0.668
0.675
0.683
0.690
0.697
0.704
0.711
0.719
0.726
0.734
0.741
0.748
0.756
0.764
0.771
0.779
0.786
0.794
-

0.550
0.556
0.562
0.569
0.575
0.582
0.588
0.595
0.602
0.608
0.615
0.621
0.628
0.635
0.642
0.648
0.655
0.662
0.669
0.676
0.683
0.690
0.697
0.704
0.711
0.719
0.726
0.733
0.740
0.748
0.755
-

Fy =

500

Mu/bd2 =

1.843

% pt =

0.456

Fy =

500

Mu/bd2 =

0.236

% pt =

0.18

TABLE 3
FLEXURE - REINFORCEMENT PERCENTAGE,
pt FOR SINGLY REINFORCED SECTIONS
Mu/bd2
N/mm2
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.55
0.60
0.65
0.70
0.75
0.80
0.85
0.90
0.95
1.00
1.05
1.10
1.15
1.20
1.25
1.30
1.35
1.40
1.45
1.50
1.55
1.60
1.65
1.70
1.75
1.80
1.85
1.90
1.95
2.00
2.05
2.10

Fy N/mm2
240
0.146
0.171
0.195
0.220
0.245
0.271
0.296
0.321
0.347
0.373
0.399
0.425
0.451
0.477
0.504
0.530
0.557
0.584
0.611
0.638
0.666
0.693
0.721
0.749
0.777
0.805
0.834
0.862
0.891
0.920
0.949
0.979
1.009
1.038
1.068
1.099
1.129

250
0.140
0.164
0.188
0.211
0.236
0.260
0.284
0.309
0.333
0.358
0.383
0.408
0.433
0.458
0.483
0.509
0.535
0.561
0.587
0.613
0.639
0.666
0.692
0.719
0.746
0.773
0.800
0.828
0.856
0.883
0.911
0.940
0.968
0.997
1.026
1.055
1.084

415
0.084
0.099
0.113
0.127
0.142
0.156
0.171
0.186
0.201
0.216
0.231
0.246
0.261
0.276
0.291
0.307
0.322
0.338
0.353
0.369
0.385
0.401
0.417
0.433
0.449
0.466
0.482
0.499
0.515
0.532
0.549
0.566
0.583
0.601
0.618
0.635
0.653

480
0.073
0.085
0.098
0.110
0.123
0.135
0.148
0.161
0.174
0.186
0.199
0.212
0.225
0.239
0.252
0.265
0.279
0.292
0.306
0.319
0.333
0.347
0.360
0.374
0.388
0.403
0.417
0.431
0.446
0.460
0.475
0.489
0.504
0.519
0.534
0.549
0.565

500
0.070
0.082
0.094
0.106
0.118
0.130
0.142
0.154
0.167
0.179
0.191
0.204
0.216
0.229
0.242
0.255
0.267
0.280
0.293
0.306
0.320
0.333
0.346
0.359
0.373
0.387
0.400
0.414
0.428
0.442
0.456
0.470
0.484
0.498
0.513
0.527
0.542

2.15
2.20
2.25
2.30
2.35
2.40
2.45
2.50
2.55
2.60
2.65
2.70
2.75
2.80
2.85
2.90
2.95
3.00
3.05
3.10
3.15
3.20
3.25
3.30
3.32
3.34
3.36
3.38
3.40
3.42
3.44
3.46
3.48
3.50
3.52
3.54
3.56
3.58
3.60
3.62
3.64
3.66
3.68
3.70
3.72
3.74

1.160
1.191
1.222
1.254
1.285
1.317
1.350
1.382
1.415
1.448
1.482
1.515
1.549
1.584
1.618
1.653
1.689
1.724
1.760
1.797
1.834
1.871
1.909
1.947
1.962
1.978
1.993
2.009
2.025
2.040
2.056
2.072
2.088
2.104
2.120
2.137
2.153
2.170
2.186
2.203
2.219
2.236
2.253
2.270
2.287
2.304

1.114
1.143
1.173
1.204
1.234
1.265
1.296
1.327
1.358
1.390
1.422
1.455
1.487
1.520
1.554
1.587
1.621
1.655
1.690
1.725
1.760
1.796
1.832
1.869
1.884
1.899
1.914
1.929
1.944
1.959
1.974
1.989
2.005
2.020
2.036
2.051
2.067
2.083
2.099
2.115
2.131
2.147
2.163
2.179
2.196
-

0.671
0.689
0.707
0.725
0.743
0.762
0.781
0.799
0.818
0.837
0.857
0.876
0.896
0.916
0.936
0.956
0.977
0.997
1.018
1.039
1.061
1.082
1.104
1.126
1.135
1.144
1.153
1.162
1.171
1.180
1.189
-

0.580
0.596
0.611
0.627
0.643
0.659
0.675
0.691
0.708
0.724
0.741
0.758
0.775
0.792
0.809
0.827
0.844
0.862
0.880
0.898
0.917
0.936
0.954
0.973
0.981
0.989
-

0.557
0.572
0.587
0.602
0.617
0.632
0.648
0.663
0.679
0.695
0.711
0.727
0.744
0.760
0.777
0.794
0.811
0.828
0.845
0.863
0.880
0.898
0.916
0.935
0.942
-

Fy =

500

Mu/bd2 =

2.9

% pt =

0.765

Fy =

500

Mu/bd2 =

0.991

% pt =

0.227

TABLE 3
FLEXURE - REINFORCEMENT PERCENTAGE,
pt FOR SINGLY REINFORCED SECTIONS
Mu/bd2
N/mm2
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.55
0.60
0.65
0.70
0.75
0.80
0.85
0.90
0.95
1.00
1.05
1.10
1.15
1.20
1.25
1.30
1.35
1.40
1.45
1.50
1.55
1.60
1.65
1.70
1.75
1.80
1.85
1.90
1.95
2.00
2.05
2.10

Fy N/mm2
240
0.145
0.170
0.195
0.219
0.244
0.269
0.294
0.320
0.345
0.370
0.396
0.422
0.447
0.473
0.499
0.525
0.552
0.578
0.608
0.631
0.658
0.685
0.712
0.739
0.766
0.793
0.821
0.849
0.876
0.904
0.932
0.961
0.989
1.018
1.046
1.075
1.104

250
0.140
0.163
0.187
0.211
0.235
0.259
0.283
0.307
0.331
0.356
0.380
0.405
0.429
0.454
0.479
0.504
0.529
0.555
0.580
0.606
0.631
0.657
0.683
0.709
0.735
0.762
0.788
0.815
0.841
0.868
0.895
0.922
0.950
0.977
1.005
1.032
1.060

415
0.084
0.098
0.113
0.127
0.141
0.156
0.170
0.185
0.200
0.214
0.229
0.244
0.259
0.274
0.289
0.304
0.319
0.334
0.350
0.365
0.380
0.396
0.411
0.427
0.443
0.459
0.475
0.491
0.507
0.523
0.539
0.556
0.572
0.589
0.605
0.622
0.639

480
0.073
0.085
0.097
0.110
0.122
0.135
0.147
0.160
0.172
0.185
0.198
0.211
0.224
0.237
0.250
0.263
0.276
0.289
0.302
0.315
0.329
0.342
0.356
0.369
0.383
0.397
0.410
0.424
0.438
0.452
0.466
0.480
0.495
0.509
0.523
0.538
0.552

500
0.070
0.082
0.093
0.105
0.117
0.129
0.141
0.153
0.166
0.178
0.190
0.202
0.215
0.227
0.240
0.252
0.265
0.277
0.290
0.303
0.316
0.329
0.342
0.355
0.368
0.381
0.394
0.407
0.421
0.434
0.448
0.461
0.475
0.488
0.502
0.516
0.530

2.15
2.20
2.25
2.30
2.35
2.40
2.45
2.50
2.55
2.60
2.65
2.70
2.75
2.80
2.85
2.90
2.95
3.00
3.05
3.10
3.15
3.20
3.25
3.30
3.35
3.40
3.45
3.50
3.55
3.60
3.65
3.70
3.75
3.80
3.85
3.90
3.95
4.00
4.05
4.10
4.15
4.20
4.25
4.30
4.35
4.40
4.45

1.134
1.163
1.192
1.222
1.252
1.282
1.312
1.343
1.374
1.404
1.435
1.467
1.498
1.530
1.562
1.594
1.626
1.659
1.691
1.725
1.758
1.791
1.825
1.859
1.893
1.928
1.963
1.998
2.034
2.069
2.105
2.142
2.178
2.215
2.253
2.291
2.329
2.367
2.406
2.445
2.485
2.525
2.566
2.607
2.648
2.690
2.733

1.088
1.116
1.145
1.173
1.202
1.231
1.260
1.289
1.319
1.348
1.378
1.408
1.438
1.469
1.499
1.530
1.561
1.592
1.624
1.656
1.687
1.720
1.752
1.785
1.818
1.851
1.884
1.918
1.952
1.986
2.021
2.056
2.091
2.127
2.163
2.199
2.236
2.273
2.310
2.348
2.386
2.424
2.463
2.502
2.542
2.583
2.623

0.656
0.630
0.690
0.707
0.724
0.742
0.759
0.777
0.794
0.812
0.830
0.848
0.866
0.885
0.903
0.922
0.940
0.959
0.978
0.997
1.017
1.036
1.055
1.075
1.095
1.115
1.135
1.156
1.176
1.197
1.218
1.239
1.260
1.281
1.303
1.325
1.347
1.369
1.391
1.414
-

0.567
0.581
0.596
0.611
0.626
0.641
0.656
0.671
0.687
0.702
0.718
0.733
0.749
0.765
0.781
0.797
0.813
0.829
0.846
0.862
0.879
0.896
0.913
0.930
0.947
0.964
0.981
0.999
1.017
1.035
1.053
1.071
1.089
1.108
1.126
1.145
1.164
1.184
-

0.544
0.558
0.572
0.587
0.601
0.615
0.630
0.645
0.659
0.674
0.689
0.707
0.719
0.734
0.750
0.765
0.781
0.796
0.812
0.828
0.844
0.860
0.876
0.892
0.909
0.925
0.942
0.959
0.976
0.993
1.011
1.028
1.046
1.063
1.081
1.099
1.118
-

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