Chapter 1:

Chapter 1 Heat Transfer

1. Past ME board Problem Calculate the energy transfer rate across 6 in. Wall of firebrick with a temperature diffrence acros s the firewall of 50C. The
thermal conductivity of the firebrick is 0.65 Btu/hr -ftF at the temperature interest. :
1. Past ME board Problem Calculate the energy transfer rate across 6 in. Wall of firebrick with a temperature diffrence across the firewal l of 50C. The
thermal conductivity of the firebrick is 0.65 Btu/hr -ftF at the temperature interest. A. 285 W/m B. 369W/m C. 112W/m D. 429W/m
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2. Past ME board Problem At an average temperature of 100C, hot air flows through a 2.5 m long tube with an inside diameter of 50 mm. The
temperature of the tube is 20C along its entire length. Convective film coefficient is 2 0.1 W/m-K. Determine the convective heat transfer from air to the
tube. 900 W 909 W 624 W 632 W
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3. Past ME board Problem Stream, initially saturated at 2.05 Mpa, passes through a 10.10 cm standard steel pipe for a total d istance of 152 m. The
stream line is insulated with 5.08 cm thickness of 85% magnesia. For an ambient tempreature of 22C , what is the quality of t he stream which arises at
its destination if the mass flow rate is 0.125 kg stream per second ? Note : k for 85% magnesia is 0.069 W/m-K and h for still air is 9.36 W/m-K 93%
98% 84% 76%
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4. Past ME board Problem The sun generates 1 kW/m when used as a source for solar collectors. A collector with an area of 1 m heat water. The flow
rate is 3.0 liters per minute. What is the tempera- ture rise in the water ? The specific heat of water is 4,200 J/KgC. 4.8C 0.48C 0.50C 0.84C
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5. Past ME board Problem The hot combustion gases of a furnace are separated from the ambient air and its surrounding which a re at 25C, by a brick
wall 0.15 m thick. The brick has a thermal conductivity 0f 1.2 W/m -K and a surface emissivity of 0.80. Under steady state conditions and outer surface
temperature of 100C is measured. Free convection heat transfer to the air adjoining this su rface is characterized by a convection coefficient of 20
W/m-K. What is the inner temperature in C ? 623.7 352 461.4 265.3
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6. Past ME board Problem A 6 in. X 20 ft uninsulated B.I. pipe conveys steam at 385F with an average ambient temperatur e of 85F. If the cost of the
fuel is P 250.00 per 10 Btu with the net energy conversion efficiency of 75%, what is the annual cost of the heat lost ? P 60,482.00 P 65,482.00 P
70,482.00 P 75,482.00
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7. Past ME board Problem What is the external heating surface area in square feet of a tube with the following dimensions : tube inside diameter = 5 in.
Wall thickness = in. Length =18 ft. 26.5 24.25 19.25 28.26
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8. Past ME board Problem Determine the vacuum efficiency of a surface condenser which operates at a vacuum of 635 mm Hg and e xhaust steam
enters the condenser at 45.81C . The barometric pressure is 760 mmHg and the saturation pressure at 45.81C is 0.010 Mpa. 80.4% 85.2% 92.7%
98.3%
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9. Past ME board Problem A heat exchanger was installed purposely to cool 0.50 kg of gas per second. Molecular weigth is 28 a nd k- 1.32. The gas is
cooled from 150C to 80C . Water is available at the rate of 0.30 kg/s and at a temperature of 12C. Calculate the exit temperature of the water. 48 42
46 44
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10. Past ME board Problem An uninsulated steam pipe passes through a room in which the air and walls are at 25C. The outside diameter of the pipe
is 70 mm, and its surface temperature and emissivity are 200C and 0.80 repectively. If the coefficient associated with free convec tion heat transfer
from the surface to the air is 15 w/ m-K, what is the rate of heat koss from the surface per unit of length of pipe? 997.84 W/m 897.84 W/m 797.84 W/m
697.84 W/m
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11. Past ME board Problem A heat exchanger is used to be designed for the following specifications : Hot gas temperature 1145 C Cold gas
temperature 45C Unit surface conductance on the hot side 230W/m-K Unit surface conductance on the cold side 290W/m-K Thermal thickness of the
metal wall 115W/ m-K Find the maximum thickness of the metal wall between the hot gas and cold gas so that the maximum temperatureof the wall
does not exceed 545C. 10.115 mm 13.115 mm 17.115 mm 20.115 mm
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12. Past ME board Problem Calculate the heat transfer per hour through a solid brick wall 6 m long, 2.9 m high, and 225 mm th ick, when the outer
surface is at 5C and the inner surface 17C , the coefficie nt of the thremal conductivity of the brick being 0.6 W/m -K 2,004.48 Kj 3,004.48 kJ 2,400.48
kJ 3,400,48 kJ
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13. Past ME board Problem A vertical furnace wall is made up of an inner wall firebrick20 cm thick followed by insulating bri ck 15 cm thick and an outer
wall of steel 1 cm thick, The surface temperature of the wall adjacent to the combustion chamber is 1200 C while that of the outer surface of steel is
50C. The thermal conductivities of the wall material in W/m -K are : firebrick 10 ; ins ulating brick,0.26 ; and steel, 45. Neglecting the film resistance and
contact resistance of joints , determine the heat loss per sq.m. Of wall area. 1.93 W/m 2.93 W/m 1.55 W/m 2.55 W/m

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14. Past ME board Problem A composite wall is made up of an external thickness of brickwork 110 mm thick inside which is a layer of fiberglass is
faced internally by an insulating board 25 mm thick. The coefficient of thermal conductivity for the three as follows : Brick work 1.5 W/m-K Fiberglass
0.04 W/m-K Insulating board 0.06 w/m -K The surface transfer coefficient of the inside wall is 3.1 W/m-K while that of the outside wall is 2.5 W/m-K.
Take the internal ambient temperature as 10C and the external temperature is 27C. Determine the heat loss through su ch wall 6 m high and 10 m
long . 330.10 W 230.10 W 430.10 W 530. 10 W
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Supplementary Problem One insulated wall of a cold storage compartment is 8 m long 2.5 m high and con - sist of an outer steel plate 18 mm thick. An
inner wood wall 22.5 mm and thick, the steel and wood are 90 mm apart to form a cavity ahich filled with cork. If the tempearture drop across extreme
faces of the composite wall is 15C. Calculate the heat transfer per hour through the wall and the temperature drop across th e the thickness of the cork.
Take the coefficient of thermal conductivity for steel cork, and wood as 45, 0,045, and 0.18 W/m -K repectively. 408.24 kJ, 12,12C 708.24 kJ 11.12C
608.24 kJ 13. 12C 508.24 kJ 14. 12C
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16. Supplementary Problem A cubical tank of 2 sides is constructed of metal plate 12 mm and contains water at 75C. The surrounding air temperature
is 16C. Calculate the overall heat transfer from water to air. Take the coeefficient of thermal condcutivity of the metal as 48 W/m-K , the coefficient of
thermal conductivity of the metal as 48 W/m -K, the coefficient of thermal conductivity of metal as 48W/m -K, the coefficient of heat trasfer of water is 2.5
kW/m-K and the coefficient of heat transfer of the air is 16 W/m-K. 15. 84 W/mC 14.84 W/mC 16.84 W/mC 13.84 W/mC
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17. Supplementary Problem Calculate the quatity of heat conducted per minute through a duralumin circular disc 127 mm diamete r and 19 mm thick
when the temprature drop across the thickness of the plate is 5C. Take the coefficient of thermal conductivity o f duralumin as 150 W/m -K. 30 kJ 40 kJ
35 kJ 45kJ
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18. Supplementary Problem A cold storage compartment is 4.5 m long by 4 m wide by 2.5 m high. The four walls , ceiling and fl oor are covered to a
thickness of 150 mm with insulating material which has coefficient of thermal conductivity of 5.8 x 10W/m -K. Calculate the quantity of heating leaking
through the insulation per hour when the outside and inside face temperatures of the material is 15C and -5C respctively. 2185.44 kJ 118 5. 44 kJ
3185. 44 kJ 4185. 44 kJ
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19. Supplementary Problem A thin square steel plate , 10 cm on a side is heated in a blacksmiths forge to a temperature of 80 0C. If the emissivity is
0.60, what is the total rate of radiation energy ? 900 Watts 400 Watts 300 Watts 700 Watts
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20. Supplementary Problem A furnace wall consist of 35 cm firebrick ( k= 1.55 7 W/m -K ) , 12 cm insulating refractory ( k= 0.346 ) and 20 cm common
brick ( k= 0.692 ) covered with 7 cm steel plate ( k= 45 ) . The temperature at hte inner surface of the firebrick is 1,230C and at the outer face of the
steel plate is 60C. Atmosphere 27C. What is the value of the combined coefficient for convention and radiation from the out side wall ? 31. 13 W/m-K
30.13 W/m-K 41.3 W/m-K 40.13 W/m-K
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21. Supplementary Problem A dry ice storage chest is a wooden box lined with glass fiber insulation 5 cm thick. The wooden bo x ( k = 0.069 ) is 2 cm
thick and cubical 60 cm on an edge. The inside surface temperature is -76C and the outside temperature is 18C. Use l = 0.035 glass fiber insulation.
Determine the heat gain per day 10,211 kJ 11,195 kj 12,211 kJ 9,185 kJ
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22. Supplementary Problem One side of refrigerated cold chamber is 6 cm long by 3.7 m high and consists 0f 16 8 mm thickness of cork between outer
and inner walls of wood. The outer woll wall is 30 cm thick and its outside face temperature is 20C, the inner wood wall is 35 mm thick and its inside
face temperature is -3C. Taking the coefficient of thermal conductivity of cork and wood as 0.42 and 0.20 W/m -K respectively , calculate the heat
transfer per second per sq. M of surface area. 5.138 J 4.138 J 6.318 3.318 J
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23. Supplementary Problem Hot gases at 280C flow on one side of a metal plate of 10mm thickness and air at 35C flows on the other side. The heat
ransfer coefficient of the gases is 31.5 W/m-K and that of the air is 32 W/m-K. Calculate the over-all transfer coefficient A. 15.82 W/m-K B. 16.82
W/m-K C. 14.82 W/m-k D. 17.82 W/m-K
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24. Supplementary Problem The surface temperature of the hot side of the furnace wall is 1200C. It is desired to mainttain t he outside of the wall at
38C. A 152 mm of refractory silica is used adjacent to the combustion chamber and 10 mm of steel c overs the outside. What thickness of insulating
bricks is necessary between refractory and steel , if the heat loss should be kept at 788 W/m ? Use k = 13.84 W/m -K for refractory silica ; 0.15 for
insulating brick, and 45 for steel. 220 mm 240 mm 260 mm 2 80 mm
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25. Supplementary Problem How much heat will flow has an outside flow in 24 hours through a palster wall that is 0.51 in thic k 8 ft x 14 ft ina area if the
temperature is 80F on one side and 40F on the other. Use k = 3.25 Btu in/ hr - ft -F 5.99 x 10 Btu 6.99 x 10 Btu 7.99 x 10 Btu 4.99 x 10 Btu
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26. Supplementary Problem A hollow sphere has an outside radius of 1 m and is made of polystyrene foam with a thickness of 1 cm. A heat source
inside keeps the inner surface 5.20C hotter than the outside surface. How much power is produced by the heat source The thermal conductivity of
polytrene foam os 0.033 W/mC 200 W 216 W 300 W 316 W

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27. Supplementary Problem A glass window has an area of 1.60m and a thickness of 4 mm. If one side is at a temperature of 6.80C and the other is
at -5C, how much thermal energy flows through the window in a time of 24 hours ? The thermal conductivity of glass is 1.89 x 10 kCal/m-s-C. 26,200
kCal 58,000 kCal 40,700 kCal 77,100 kCal
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28. Supplementary Problem The wall of a cold room consist of a layer of cork sandwiched between outer and inner walls of wood , the wood walls being
each 30 mm thicj. The inside atmosphere of the room is maintained at -20C when the external atmospheric temperature is 25C, and the heat loss
through the wall is 42 W/m. Taking the thermal conductibity of wood and cork as 0.20 W.m -K and 0.05 W/m-K respectively , and the rate of heat
transfer between each exposed wood surface and their respective atmospheres as 15W/m-K , calculate the thickness of the cork. 31.90 mm 21.90 mm
41.90 mm 51.90 mm
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29. Supplementary Problem A slab of material has an area of 2m and is 1 mm thick. Ine side is maintained at a temperature of 0C while the other is at
12C. It is determined that 6820 J of heat flows through the material in a time of 10 minutes. What is the thermal conductivity of the material ? A. 4.74 x
10 W/mC B. 5.74 x 10 W/mC C. 2.66 x 10 W/mC D. 9.79 x 10 W/mC
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30. Supplementary Problem An insulated steam piece located where the ambient temperature is 32C, has an inside diameter of 5 0 mm with 10 mm
thick wall. The outside diameter of the corrugated asbestos insulation is 125 mm and the surface coeffiecient of st ill air, h = 12 W/m-K. Inside the pipe
is steam having a temperature of 150 C with film coefficient h = 6000 W/m-K. Thermal conductivity of pipe and asbestos insulation are 45 and 0.12
W/m-K respectively. Determine the heat loss per unit length of pip e. 110 W 120 W 130 W 140 W
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31. Supplementary Problem A pipe 200 mm outside diameter and 20 m length is covered with a later, 70 mm thick of insulation h aving a thermal
conductivity of 0.05 W/m -K and a thermal conductance of 10 W/m at the outer surface. If the temperature of the pipe is 350 C and the ambient
temperature 15 C, calculate the external surface temperature of the lagging. A. 32.6 C B. 22.6 C C. 42.6 C D. 53.5 C
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32. Supplementary Problem Dry and saturated steam at 6 Mpa abs. Enters a 40 m length of 11.5 cm O.D. Steel pipe at a flow rate of 0.12 kg/s. The
pipe is covered with a 5 cm thick asbestos imsulation ( k = 0.022 W/m -K ). The pipe is located in a tunnel with stagnant air temperature of 27 C. The
unit outside convective coefficient is 10 W/m-K. Neglecting steam film and pipe wall resistances, determine the mass of steam. 4.86 kg/hr 3.86 kg/hr
5.86 kg/hr 6.86 kg/hr
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33. Supplementary Problem Calculate the heat loss per linear ft. From 2 in. Nominal pipe ( 2.375 in. Outside diameter ) cover ed with 1 in. of an
insulating material having an average thermal conductivity of 0.0375 Btu/hr-ft F. Assume that the inner and outer surface temperatures of the insulation
are 380 F and 80 F respectively. 110 Btu/hr-ft 116 Btu/hr-ft 120 Btu/hr-ft 126 Btu/hr-ft
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34. Supplementary Problem Calculate the heat loss per linear foot from a 10 in. Nominal pipe ( outside diamete r = 10.75 in. ) covered with a composite
pipe insulation consisting of 1 in. Of insulation I placed next to the pipe and 2 in. Of insulation II placed upon insulatio n I. Assume that the inner and
outer surface temperatures of the composite insulation aree 700 F and 100 F respectively, and that the thermal conductivity of material I is 0.05
Btu/hr-ft- F and for material II is 0.039 Btu/hr-ft- F. 3 23.13 Btu/hr-ft 123.13 Btu/hr-ft 120 Btu/hr-ft 126 Btu/hr-ft
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35. Supplementary Problem A steam pipe carrying steam at 380 kPa pressure for a pressure for a distance of 120 m in a chemical plan is not insulated.
Estimate the saving in steam cost that would be made per year if this 8 cm steam line were covered with 85% magnesia pipe covering 5 cm thick. Take
room temperature to be 25 C, the cost of steam is 65 cents per 1000 kg. Thermal conductivity of magnesia k = 0.0745 W/m -k\K, unit convective
coefficient of room air, h = 12 W/m-K. $ 305 $ 405 $ 505 $ 605
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36. Supplementary Problem A liquid to liquid counterflow heat exchanger is used to heat a cold fluid from 120 F to 310 F. Assuming that the hot fluid
enters at 500 F and leaves at 400 F, calculate the log mean temperature difference fot the heat exchanger. 132 F 232 F 33 2 F 432 F
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37. Supplementary Problem A turbo-generator, 16 cylinder, Vee type diesel engine has an air consumption of 3000 kg/hr per cylinder at rated load and
speed. This air is drawn in thru a filter by a centrifugal compressor direct connected to the exhaust gas turbine. The temperature Of the aircon from the
compressor is 145C and a counterflow air cooler reduces the air temperature to 45C before it goes to the engine suction hea der. Cooling water aur
cooler at 30C and leaves at 38C. Calculates the arithmetic mean temprature difference. 41C 51C 61C 71C
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38. Supplementary Problem A pond is covered by a sheet of ice 2 cm thick ( thermal conductivity 1.68 W/mC ). The temperature of the lower surface of
the ice is 0C and that of the upper surface is -10C. At what rate is heat conducted through each square meter of the ice? 840 W 740 W 940 W 640 W
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39. Supplementary Problem How much heat is conducted through a sheet of plates glass , k = 0.0024 Cal/s -cm-C which is 2 m by 3 m and 5 mm thick
, when the temperatures of the surfaces are 20C and -10C. 318,400 Cal/min 418,400 Cal/min 518,400 Cal/min 618,400 Cal/min
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40. Supplementary Problem A copper rod whose diameter is 2 cm and length 50 cm has one end in boiling water , the other end in a jacket cooledd by
a flowing water which enters at 10C . The thermal conductivity of the copper is 0.102 kCal/m -sC. . If 0.20 kg of water flows through the jacket in 6 min
, by how much does the temperature of the water increas e ? A. 10.38C B . 9.38C C. 11.38C D . 12.38C
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41. Supplementary Problem The thermal insulation of a wollen glove may be regarded as being essentially a layer og quiescent air 3 cm thick , of
conductivity 5.7 x 10 kcal/m-s-C . How much heat does a person lose per minute from his hand of area 200 cm and skin temperature 35C on a
winter day at -5C ? A. 6.12C B. 7.12C C. 9.12C D. 8.12
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42. Supplementary Problem The temperature directly beneath a 3 in. Concrete road is 5F and the air temperature os 20F . Cal culate the steady flow
per square foot through the concrete . The thermal conductivity of the concrete is 0.50 Btu/ft-hr-F 30 Btu/ft-hr 40 Btu/ft-hr 50 Btu/ft-hr 60 Btu/ft-hr
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43. Supplementary Problem At what rate does to sun lose energy by radiation ? The temperature of the sun is about 6000 K and its radius is 6.95 x 10
km. 3.48 x 10 W 4.48 x 10 W 5.48 x 10 W 6.48 x 10 W
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44. Supplementary Problem How many watts will be radiated from a spherical black body 15 cm in diameter at a temperature of 8 00C ? 5.34 W 4.34 W
6.34 W 3.34 W
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45. Supplementary Problem Calculate the radiation in watts per square centimeter from a block of copper at 200C and at 1000C . The oxidized copper
surface radiates at 0.60 the rate of a black body. 0.17 0.27 0.37 0.07
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46. Supplementary Problem A surface condenser serving a 50,000 kW steam turbo -generator unit receives exhaust steam at the rate of 196,000 kg/hr .
Vacuum in condenser is 702 mm Hg. Sea water for cooling enters at 29.5C and leaves at 37.5C . For steam turbine condenser , manufacturers
consider 950 Btu/lb of steam turbine condensed as heat given up to cooling water . Calculate the logarithmic mean temperautre difference . A. 4.57C
B. 5.57C C. 6.57C D. 7.57C
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47. Supplementary Problem The stack gas from a chemical operation contains noxiuos vapors that must be condensed by lowering its temperautre
from 315C to 35C . The gas flow rate is 0.70 m/s . Water is available at 10C at 1.26 kg/s . A two shell and a 4 tube pass a , counterflow heat
exchanger will be used with a water flowing through the tubes . The gas has specific heat of 1.10 kJ/kg-K and a gaas constant of 0.26 kJ/kg-K .
Calculate the logarithmic mean temperature difference . A. 102.8C B. 110.9C C. 120.8C D. 118.9C
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48. Supplementary Problem Exhaust steam at 7 kPa at the rate of 75 kg/s enters a sin gle pass condenser containing 5,780 pcs copper tubes with a
total surface area of 2950 m . The steam has a moisture content of 10% and the condensate leaves saturated liquid at steam t emperature . The
cooling water flow rate is 4,413 liters per second entering at 20C . Size of tubes , 25 mm O.D. By 3 mm thick wall . Find the overall heat transfer
coefficient . 5275 W/m-K 2275 W/m-K 4274 W/m-K 3225 W/m-K
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49. Supplementary Problem What is the heat flow per hour through a brick and mortar wal l 9 in. Thick if the coefficient of thermal conductivity has been
determined as 0.40 Btu/fr-hr-F and the wall is 10 ft high by 6 ft wide , the temperature on one side of the surface being 330F and on the other 130F.
6400 Btu/hr 7400 Btu/hr 5400 Btu/hr 8400 Btu/hr
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50. Supplementary Problem Water is flowing in a pipe with radius of 25.4 cm at a velocity of 5 m/s at the temperature in the pipe . The density and
viscosity of the water are as follows : density = 997.9 kg/m and viscosity = 1.131 Pa -s . What is the Reynolds number for this situation ? 2241 96.2
3100 1140
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51. Supplementary Problem A heat exchanger has an over all coefficient of heat transfer of 900 W/m-K. The mean temperature diffrence is 20C and
heat loss is 15, 000 W. Calculate the heat transfer area. 0.833 m 0.733 m 0.933 m 0.633 m
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52. Supplementary Problem A composite furnace wall is made up of a 12 in. l ining of magnesite refractory brick, a 5 in. t hi ckness of 85% magnesia,
and a steel casing 0.10 in. thick. Flue gas temperature is 2200F and the boiler room is at 80F. Gas side film coefficient is 15 Btu/hr -ft-F and air side
is 4. Determine the thermal current Q/A. A .187.41 Btu/hr-ft B .197.41 Btu/hr-ft C. 200.62 Btu/hr-ft D. 250.46 Btu/hr-ft
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53. Supplementary Problem The wall of a furnace is made up of 9 in. Firebrick ( k= 0.72 Btu/hr -ft-F 5 in. Of insulating brick ( k= 0.08 ) and 7.5 in. Of red
brick ( k= 0.5 ). The inner and outer surface temperature t and t of the wall are 1500F and 150F respectively. Neglecting the resistance of the mortar
joints, compute the rate of heat flow through 1ft of the wall. 80 Btu/hr 180 Btu/hr 100 Btu/hr 200 Btu/hr
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54. . Past ME board Problem What is the heat transfer in the glass surface area of 0.7 0 m having an inside tem - perature of 25C and 13C outside
temperature. The thickness of the glass surface is 0.007 m. The thermal conductivity is 1.8 W/ m -K. 4.16 Kw 3.16 kW 2.16 kW 1.16 kW

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55. Suplemmentary Problem The interior of an oven is maintained at a temperature of 1500 F by means of suitable control apparatus. The walls of the
oven are 9 in. thick and constructed from a material having a thermal conductivity of 0.18 btu/hr -ft-F. Calculate the heat loss for each square foot of a
wall surface per hour. Assume that the inside and outside wall temperatures are 1500F and 400F respectively. 264 Btu/hr -ft 364 Btu/hr-ft 164 Btu/hrft 64 Btu/hr-ft
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56. Past ME board Problem Compute the amount condensate formed during 10 minu tes warm-up of 150 m pipe conveys saturated steam with enthalpy
of vaporation hfg = 1,947. 8 kJ/kg. The minimum external temperature of pipe is 2C and the final temperature is 195C. The s pecific heat of pipe
material is 0.6 kJ/kg-K and the specific weigth is 28 kg/m. 249.69 kg 499.38 kg 124.85 kg 62.42 kg
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57. Suplemmentary Problem A high pressure steam generator is to be fitted with convection type superheater having 72 elements in parallel. Steam at
rate og 70,000 kg/hr from the boiler drum enters the superheater inlet header at 8.3 Mpa absolute 98% quality, and leaves the the same at 8 Mpa and
485C. Combustion products at 980C enters the superheater proper at the rate of 160,000 kg/hr. Superheater elements are made of 60mm O.D. By 8
mm thick tubing of 30 m length. Assume that the flue gas has the same thermal properties pf air. Calcuilate the heat transferred to the superheated
tubes. 12,152 kW 11,512 kW 10,152 kW 13,152 kW
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58. Suplemmentary Problem In a hot water heating system, water heated to 95C and then is pumped at the rate of 4 L/min throu gh a radiator where it
is cooled to 35C . If the water arrives at the radiator at a temperature of 85C , how much heat does the r adiator release each hour ? 50,244 kJ/hr
45,422 kJ/hr 55,344 kJ/hr 65,244 kJ/hr
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59. Suplemmentary Problem Brine enters a cooler at the rate of 50 m/hr at 15C and leaves at 1C. Specific heat and specific gravity of brine are 1.07
kJ/kg-K and 1.1 repsectively. Calculate the heat transferred in kW. 158.21 kW 228.86 kW 258.21 kW 128.86 kW
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60. Suplemmentary Problem A metal rod is 10 cm long and has a diameter of 2 cm one end is in contact with steam at 100C whil e the other end
contacts a block of ice at 0C. The cylindrical surface of the rod is carefully insulated so heat flows only from end to end. In a time of 20 minutes, 320
grams of ice melts. What is the thermal conductivity of the metal ? A. 0.28266 kJ/kgC B. 0.18266 kJ/kgC C. 0.38366 kJ/kgC D. 0.48266 kJ/kgC
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61. Suplemmentary Problem A wall with an area of 10 m is made of a 2 cm thickness of white pine (k= 0.113 W/mC ) followed by 10 cm of brick (k=
0.649 W/mC). The pine is on the inside where the temperature is 30C while the outside temperature is 10C. Assuming equilib rium conditions exist,
what is the temperature at the interface between the two metals ? 15.65C 17.64 0C 18.21 0C 19.31 0C
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62. Suplemmentary Problem In a hot air heating system, the furnace heats air from 60F . If the air is then circulated at the rate of 330 ft/min by the
blower, how much thermal energy is tranffered per hour. Note : The specific heat of air at constant pressure is 0.250 Btu/lb F , the density of air is
0.0806 lb/ft at atmospheric pressure. 39,000 Btu/hr 46,800 Btu/hr 36, 805 Btu/hr 39,900 Btu/hr
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63. Suplemmentary Problem if 1000 liters of air at 27C and pressure of 1 atm has a mass of 1.115 kg and a specific heat at c onstant pressure of 1x10
J/kg-K, How much heat is required to raise the temperature of this gas from 27C to 177C at co nstant pressure? 176. 25 Kj 157 kJ 167.25 kJ 175 kJ
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64. Suplemmentary Problem Calculate the amount of energy required ti heat the air in a house 30 by 50 by 40 ft from 10 to 70 F. The density of air is
about 0.08 lb/ft, and its specific heat at constant pressure 0.24 Btu/lbF. 49,120 Btu 59,120 Btu 69,129 Btu 79,129 Btu
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65. Suplemmentary Problem Water enters the condenser at 20C and leaves at 35C. What is the log mean temperature difference if the condenser
temperature is 40C. 16.37C 13,37C 69.37C 17.37 C
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66. Suplemmentary Problem When 200 grams of aluminum at 100C is dropeed into an aluminum calorimeter (k= 0.909 x 10 J/kg -K) of mass 120
grams and contaning 150 grams of kerosene at 15C, what is the specific hea t of kerosene ? 1004 J/kg-K 1050 J/kg-K 1110 J/kg-K 1080 J/kg-K
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67. Suplemmentary Problem A calorimeter contains 66 kg of turpentine at 10.6C. Whean 0. 147 kg of alcohol at 75C is added, the temperature rises
to 25.2C. The specific heat of turpentine is 1.95 x 10 J/kg-C and the calorimeter is thermally equivalent to 30 grams of water. Find the specific heat of
alcohol. 2.81745 kJ/kgC 3.81745 kJ/kgC 0.81745 kJ/kgC 1.81745 kJ/kgC
S lide 69:
68. Suplemmentary Problem The temperature of a sample of molten lead near its temperature of solidification is falling at t he rate of 6 K/min. If the lead
continues to lose heat at this same rate and takes 35 min to solidify completely , what is the heat of fusion of the lead ? T he specific heat of molten lead
is 0.126 kJ/kg-K. 16.46 kJ/kg-K 26.46 kJ/kg-K 36.46 kJ/kg-K 46.46 kJ/kg-K
S lide 70:

69. Suplemmentary Problem A counterflow heat exchanger is designed to heat fuel oil from 45C to 100C while the heating flui d enters at 150C and
leaves at 115C. Calclulate the arith- metic mean temperature difference. 40C 50C 60C 70C
S lide 71:
70. Suplemmentary Problem A fule oil 20 API is to be heated in a heater which makes two passes thru a heater tubes and the h eating fluids makes
one passes but the flow is crossf flow through the heater due to baffles inside the shell. Quan tity of oil to be heated 3000L/hr Temperature of oil entering
heater tubes 21C Temperature of oil leaving heater tubes 95C Heating fluid, steam enter at 05C and leaves as condensate at 105C. Assume
specific heat of oil to be 2.093 kJ/kg-K. Find the heating surface area if the over- all coefficient of heat transfer is taken as 140 W/m C. 24.76 m 30.75
m 23.75 m 32.54 m
S lide 72:
71. Suplemmentary Problem A 30 cm thick wall has an inside and outside surface temperature of 300C and 50C respective ly. If the thermal
Conductivity of wall is 8 W/m -K. Calculate the heat transffered in kW/m. ? 6.67 5.67 7.67 8.87
S lide 73:
72. Suplemmentary Problem A 4-pass low pressure surface type feedwater heater is designed to heat 92,730 kg/hr of feedwater from 40C initial to
80C final temperature using steam bleed at 70 kPa abs. c ontaning 2,645 kJ/kg enthalpy. Assume no subcooling of cindensate, determine the effective
length of 19 mm O.D. x 2 mm thick Muntz meatl tubes to be installed, if the water velocity inside the tubes is 1.22 m/s and U= 3000 W/mK based on the
external surface of the tubes. 2 m 4 m 3 m 5 m
S lide 74:
73. Suplemmentary Problem Find the thermal conductivity of the 500 cm thick material with an area of 50,000 cm and a tempera ture difference of 10 K
if the heat transmitted during 2 hours test is 2000 kJ. 0.014 W/m -K 0.025 W/m-K 0.126 W/m-K 0.214 W/m-K
S lide 75:
74. Suplemmentary Problem A pipe with an outside diameter of 2.5 in. Insulated with a 2 in. layer of asbestos ( Ka = 0.396 Bt u-in/hr-ft-F ). If the
temperature of the outer surface of the cork is 90F, calculate the heat loss per 100 ft of insulated pipe. 847.64 Btu/hr 384 7.51 Btu/hr 2847.42 Btu/hr
1847.14 Btu/hr
S lide 76:
75. Suplemmentary Problem At $ 0.25 per kW-hr, How much will it cost to maintain a temperature of 96F for 24 hours in a box 2ft square on each side
if the outside temperature is 72F and the over-all heat transfer coefficient for the box is 0.10 Btu/hr-ft-F ? P 0.10 P 0.20 P 0.15 P 0.25
S lide 77:
76. Suplemmentary Problem A steam pipe having a surface temperature of 300C passes through a room where the temperature is 2 5C. The outside
diameter of pipe is 100 mm and emissivity is 0.60. Determine the ra diated heat loss for a 5 m pipe length 5.34 kW 4.34 kW 3.34 kW 6.34 kW
S lide 78:
77. Suplemmentary Problem An air-cooled condenser has an expected U value of 30 w/m-K based on the air side area. The condenser is to transfer
60 kW with an airflow rate of 15 kg/s entering at 35C. If the condensing temperature is to be 48C, what is the required air -side area ? 184 m 194 m
174 m 164 m
S lide 79:
78. Suplemmentary Problem An air-cooled condenser is to reject 70 kW of heat from condensing refrigerant to air. The condenser has an air-side area
of 210 m and a U value basewd on this area of 0.037 kW/m-K; it is supplied with 6.6 m/s of air which has a density of 1.15 kg/m. If the condensing
temperature is to be limited to 55C, what is the maximum allowa ble temperature of the unlet air ? 30.7C 40. 7C 50. 7C 20. 7C
S lide 80:
79. Suplemmentary Problem Two walls are composed of 150 mm thick insulating material at the outer layer ( k=0.139W/m -K ) and 300 mm thick
material at the inner layer ( k=1.111W/m -K). Calculate the heat transmitted per mif the surface temperatures of the cold side and the hot side are 25C
and 300C respectively. 203.79 W/m 303.79 W/m 254.65 W/m 354.65 W/m
S lide 81:
80. Suplemmentary Problem The temperature of the flame in a frunace is 1277C and the temperature of its surrounds is 277C. Calculate the
maximum theoretical quantity og the heat energy radiated per minute per square meter to the surrrounding surface area. 19,321 .65 kJ 18 ,321.65 kJ 17
,321.65 kJ 16 ,321.65 kJ
S lide 82:
81. Suplemmentary Problem A small sphere has a radius of 3.50 cm and is maintained at a temperature of 360C. Assuming it to be a black body
surrounded by empty space, how much energy does it radiate each second ? 240.7 J 140.2 J 320.5 J 134.5 J
S lide 83:
82. Suplemmentary Problem The inner wall of a thermos bottle is at 0C while the outer at 37C. The space between the walls i s evacuated and the
walls are silvered so the emissivity is reduced to 0.10. If each wall has an area of 700 cm, how m uch energy is transformed by radiation between the
walls each second ? 1.46 J 1.04 J 16.5 J 16.03 J
S lide 84:
83. Suplemmentary Problem The hot gas temperature ina a heat exchanger is 350C h= 220 W/m -K). What is the surface temperature on the wall if
the heat transferred is 1500 W/m? 350C 338C 343C 358C

S lide 85:
84. ME Board Problem An oil heater heats 100 kg per minute of oil from 35C to 100C in a counterflow heat exchanger. The average specific heat of
the oil is 2.5 kJ/kgC. Exhaust gases used for heating enter heater with an average specific heatof 1kJ /kgC, mass flow rate of 250 kg/min and an initial
temperature of 200C. The over-all heat transfer coefficient is 75 W/mC. Determine the heating surface in m. 36.11C 41. 72C 32.72C 25.34 C
S lide 86:
85. Suplemmentary Problem If the total resistance to heat flow of a composite wall is 3.0875 m-K/W. What is the over-all transfer coefficient of the wall
? 0.324 W/m-K 0.423 W/m-K 0.243 W/m-K 0.234 W/m-K
S lide 87:
86. Suplemmentary Problem In a composite vertical surface wall, the resistance due to insulating brick is 0.5769 C/W. What i s the total resistance to
heat flow if the percent of the total resistance due to insulating brick is 96.80%. A. 0.597 C/W B. 0.795 C/W C. 0.975 C /W D. 0.957 C/W
S lide 88:
87. Suplemmentary Problem A counterflow bank of boiler tubes has a total area o f 900 ft and its over-all efficiency of heat transfer is 13 Btu/hr-ft-F.
Calculate the heat transferred if the log mean temperature difference is 1380F 16,146,000 Btu/hr 17,147, 000 Btu/hr 18,148, 000 Btu/hr 15,145, 000
Btu/hr
S lide 89:
88. Suplemmentary Problem Calculate the quantity of heat to be transferred to 3.25 kg of brass to raise its temperature from 30C to 250C taking the
specific heat of the brass as 0.394 kJ/kg-K. 182 Kj 282 kJ 151 kJ 251 kJ
S lide 90:
89. Suplemmentary Problem The mass of copper calorimeter is 0.28 kg and it contains 0.4 kg of water at 15C. Taking the speci fic heat of copper as
0.39 kJ/kg-K , Calculatethe heat required to raise the temperature to 20C 6.92 kJ 7.92 kJ 8.92 kJ 9.92 kJ
S lide 91:
90. Suplemmentary Problem In an experiment to find the specific heat of lead, a 0.50 kg of lead shot at a temperature of 51C is poured into an
insulated calorimeter containing 0.25 kg of water at 13.5C and the resultant temperature of the mixtu re is 15.5C. If the water equivalent of the
calorimeter is 0.020 kg, find the specific heat of the lead. 0.1278 kJ/kg -K 0.0278 kJ/kg-k 0.01389 kJ/kg-K 0.0389 kJ/kg-K
S lide 92:
91. Suplemmentary Problem A casting of mass 5 kg is pulled a distance of 10 m along a horizontal floor, the coefficient of friction between the surfaces
of the casting and floor being 0.40. Calculate the heat generated at the surfaces. 196. 2 J 186. 2 J 176. 2 J 166. 2 J
S lide 93:
92. Suplemmentary Problem A water brake couped to an engine on test absorbs 70 kW of power. Find the heat generated at the br ake per minute and
mass of flow of fresh water through the brake in kg/min if the temperature increase of the water is 10C. Assume all the heat generated is carried away
by the cooling water. 4200 kJ, 100 kg/min 4100 kJ, 500 kg/min 4200 kJ, 500 kg/min 4100 kJ, 100 kg/min
S lide 94:
93. Suplemmentary Problem With three different quantities x,y, and z of the same kind of liquid of tem peratures 9,21 and 38C respectively, it is found
that when x and y are mixed together the resultant temperature is 17C and when y and z are mixed together the resultant temp erature is 28C. Find
the resultant temperature if x and z were mixed. 29.87C 25.92C 20.85C 24.86 C
S lide 95:
94. Suplemmentary Problem A 2.5 of brass of specific heat of 0.39 kJ/kg -K at a temperature of 176C is dropped into 1.2 liters of water at 14C. Find
the resultant temperature of the mixture 40.26C 35.25C 45. 25C 36. 2 6C
S lide 96:
95. Suplemmentary Problem The journals of a shaft are 380 mm diameter, it runs at 105 rpm and the coefficient of friction bet ween journals and
bearinfs is 0.02. If the average load on the bearing is 200 kN, find the heat generated per minute at the bearings. 501.375 kJ 505.575 kJ 401.375 kJ
501.575 kJ
S lide 97:
96. Suplemmentary Problem To ascertain the temperature of flue gases, 1.8 of copper of specific heat 0.395 kJ /kg -K was suspended on the flue gas
until it attained the temperature of the gases, and then dropped into 2.27 kg of water at 20C. If the resultant temperature of hte copper and water was
37.2C, find the temperature of the flue gases. A.165.6C B. 167.9C C. 267.9C D.265.6C
S lide 98:
97. Suplemmentary Problem In an experiment to find the specific heat of iron, 2.15 kg of iron cuttings at 100C are dropped into a vessel containing 2.3
liters of water at 17C and the resultant temperature of the mixture is 24.4C. If the water equivalent of the vessel os 0.18 kg determine the specific heat
of the iron. 0.47 kJ/kg 0.37 kJ/kg 0.27 kJ/kg 0.17 kJ/kg
S lide 99:
98. Suplemmentary Problem The effective radius of the pads in a single collar thrust block is 230 mm and the total load on th e thrust block is 240 kN,
when the shaft is running at 93rpm. Taking the coefficient of friction between thrust and collar pads as 0.025, find the heat generated per hou r. 48.40
MJ 45.40 MJ 50.50 MJ 55.50 MJ
S lide 100:

99. Suplemmentary Problem Calculate the Reynolds number for water at 80F flowi ng through a tube 2 in. i n diameter, if the average water velocity
and specific weight is 10ft/s and 62.4 lb/ft repsectively. Use a value of the viscosity as 0.0648 slug/ft-hr. 189,400 179,434 160,500 180,500
S lide 101:
100. Suplemmentary Problem If the mass velocity for water at 80F flowing through a 1 in. d iameter tube is 30,000 slug/hr -ft. What is the Reynolds
number. Take a viscosity value of 0.0648 slug.ft-hr. 35,100.42 35,560.34 38,500.64 38,580.25