MAGNETIC EFFECT ON FUEL CONSUMPTION AND

EMMISION
INRODUCTION
Over the last decades in India, there has been a
tremendous increase in number of automobiles industries.
Currently, the motor vehicle population in India is about 90
million. Even though the transport sector plays pivotal role in
the economic development of any country, it brings an
unavoidable spectre of environmental deterioration along with
transportation. This creates a huge problem for developing
country like India. Combustion of fossil fuel in mobile sources
for transportation has led to widespread release of pollutants
such as CO, HC, NOx, smoke and many other harmful
compounds in the environment, which results in air quality
deterioration and health effects especially in urbanized areas.
Hence, an integrated approach for reducing emissions from
mobile sources is the most desirable in urban transportations
and also availability of fuel will no longer meet the growing
demand.
There are different methods (MPFI, EGR, catalytic) used
which not only gives proper combustion of fuel in engine but
also minimize the rate of emission through I.C. engine.
The whole project is carried out to minimize the exhaust
emissions and to improve the combustion efficiency of the
compression ignition (Diesel) engine
CATALYTIC CONVERTOR:
The catalytic converter is a device placed in the exhaust
pipe, which converts hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and NOx
into less harmful gases by using a combination of platinum,
palladium and rhodium as catalysts...
MAGNETIC TREATMENT TO FUEL
The fuels for internal combustion engines are available in
liquid state, fuels do not combust until they are vaporized and

mixed with air. Most emission motor vehicle consists of

unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and oxides of
nitrogen. Unburned hydrocarbon and oxides of nitrogen react in
the atmosphere and create smog. Smog is prime cause of eye
and throat irritation, noxious smell, plat damage and decreased
visibility. Oxides of nitrogen are also toxic.
The principle of treating the fuel with enough magnetic
flux substantially changes the hydrocarbon molecule from its
Para state to the higher energized ortho state. It should be
noted that magnets are the prime source of control of the
position of electrons. For example, a magnetic coil controls the
sweep of our television's electron gun. One frequently use the
term electromagnetism because one can't separate the effects
one field has on the other. Therefore, it shouldn't be too
surprising that chemical reactions which are determined by an
element's valence (the surplus or deficiency in the outer orbital
shells of the electrons) are affected by a magnetic field. When
one attaches a Magnetizer unit to the fuel line of an
automobile, one sees an immediate drop in unburned
hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. This is due to the
magnetic conditioning of the fuel, which makes it more
reactive. Few people realize that carbon monoxide can be
subsequently burned - carbon monoxide (CO) can be viewed as
a fuel. The purpose of a catalytic converter on automobiles is to
oxidize (burn) carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide. As related
in stoichiometric charts representing ideal combustion
parameters, the highest burning efficiency will be achieved at
the highest carbon dioxide (CO2) level, since carbon dioxide
cannot be subsequently oxidized. The purpose of a catalytic
converter is to reduce all carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide.
The amazing part is that the Magnetizer reduces emissions on
IC engines with catalytic converters. The increased combustion
efficiency is occurring within the engine due to increased fuel
reactivity with oxygen (increased oxidation), the main factor
responsible for increased combustion efficiency. By establishing
proper fuel burning parameters by magnetic means, we can be

assured that an internal combustion engine is getting the

maximum energy per gallon of fuel as well as providing the
environment with the lowest level of toxic emissions. Overall
generation of carbon dioxide will drop due to better overall
engine efficiency.
FUEL IONIZATON
The molecules of any gas or liquid carry positive or
negative (+ ve / - ve) electric charges. These molecules get
attracted to each other and form clusters. In such condition,
when the fuel is mixed with air, all the molecules of the fuel
may not combine with the oxygen molecules in the air, in order
burn and give out heat energy. Some of the fuel molecules burn
and the rest escape in the atmosphere as un-burnt gases. This leads to poor
fuel efficiency and pollution of the atmosphere.

Fuel ionization process

In the presence of the magnetic field created by the permanent magnets,
the fuel molecules are oriented in a particular direction and the molecular
clusters are opened out (as shown in the diagram above). This is called
ionization. Ionized fuel molecules combine with oxygen molecules in the air
quickly and burn effectively. This more effective burning increases the flame

temperature and higher heat energy, leading to fuel saving and reduction of air
pollution.
Hydrocarbon molecules treated with a high magnetic field tend to decluster forming smaller associates with higher specific surface for the reaction
with oxygen leading to improved combustion. In accordance with Vander Waals
discovery of a weak clustering force, there is a strong binding of hydrocarbons
with oxygen in such magnetized fuel, which ensures optimal burning of the
mixture in the engine chamber. The consequence of treating fuel with a high
magnetic field is improved combustion of fuel and consequently increased
engine power as well as reduced fuel consumption. An additional consequence
of improved fuel combustion is reduced emissions of carbon particles, carbon
monoxide and hydrocarbons. In our study, focus has been laid on the
understanding of magnetic action modes which have led to the fuel economy
and reducing exhaust emissions in engine applications.
Hydrocarbons have basically a "cage like" structure. That is why during
the combustion process oxidizing of their inner carbon atoms is hindered.
Furthermore they bind into larger groups of pseudo compounds. Such groups
form clusters (associations). The access of oxygen in the right quantity to the
interior of the groups of molecules is hindered and it is this shortage of oxygen
to the cluster that hinders the full combustion. The exhaust should theoretically
contain carbon dioxide, water vapour and nitrogen from air, which does not
participate in the combustion. Practically the exhaust gases contain CO, H 2, HC,
NOx and O2. In reality, complete combustion of fuel is never achieved and the
incompletely oxidized carbon is evident in the form of HC, CO or is deposited
on the internal combustion chamber walls as black carbon residue. Hydrocarbon
fuel molecules treated with the magnetic energy tend to decluster, creating
smaller particles more readily penetrated by oxygen, thus leading to better
combustion. They become normalized & independent, distanced from each

other, having bigger surface available for binding (attraction) with more oxygen
(better oxidation). In accordance with van der Waals' discovery of a weakclustering force, there is a very strong binding of hydrocarbons with oxygen in
such magnetized fuel, which ensures optimal burning of the mixture in the
engine chamber.

SPECIFICATIONS OF MAGNET
Rare earth permanent magnet NdFeB is a new kind of magnetic material
developed in the 1980's with excellent magnetic characteristics (high energy
product and high coercive force etc.) and relatively low cost.
The permanent magnet has certain specifications like shape, size, gauss value,
Curie temperature.
Table 4.1 Specifications of Magnet
Shape
Gauss value (gauss)

Rectangular Block Type

9000

13000

Type

NbFeB

Curie temperature (0C)

310-370

Maximum Operating Temperature

80-240

Density (g/cc)

7.40

Vickers Hardness (HV)

560-580

Note: One tesla (T) is equal to the 10000 gauss. Gauss is the unit for magnetic
field.

Fig 4.2 NbFeB Rectangular type magnet

In this we used two magnets which are attracting each other, in between
the magnets the fuel pipe will be there. The magnetic lines will pass through the
fuel, which will ionize the fuel. The ionized fuels will combust in combustion
chamber, which results in fuel economy.
FABRICATION OF WOODEN HOLDER
1. Wood holder is a device which holds the magnet securely at the time of
experiment.
2. It is made with two similar wooden pieces of particular sizes. These two
pieces are shaped in to required shape for positioned the two high power
magnets 50*25*12mm size.
3. The wooden pieces are separately made by various carpentry tools like
chisels, saw and emery sheets etc.
After completion of these two pieces are joined with a bronze hinge for closing
the box type holder as shown in the below figures.

2 DIESEL ENGINES WITH MAGNETIZER SET UP

Magnetizer is installed to fuel injector pipe between fuel pump and fuel
injector. If nearer the position of magnetizer, better improve in performance. So
the position must be nearer to fuel injector.

Fig: 6.2Four Stroke Diesel Engine without

Engine with

Fig: 6.3Four Stroke Diesel

Magnetizer Setup

Magnetizer Setup

PROCEDURE
Performance (Load) Test on Four Stroke, Single Cylinder, and Water
Cooled Diesel Engine of the given specifications is carried out at constant
speed.
1. Using Engine specifications, calculate maximum load on the engine.
2. Connect water line of the engine jacket inlet and calorimeter inlet to water
source with a constant head of 5 m (0.5 Kg/ Cm2) through respective rotameters.
3. Open the respective gate valves (control valves) and set optimum flow rate on
the rotameters.
4. Connect the panel instrumentation input power line 230 V, 50HZ single phase
power source. Now the digital meters viz. RPM meter and temperature indicator
display the respective readings.
5. Fill the Fuel into fuel tank mounted on the panel frame.
6. Check the lubrication oil in the engine sump with the help of dip stick.
7. Open the fuel lock provided under the fuel tank and ensure no air trapped in
the fuel line connecting fuel tank and engine.
8. De compress the engine by de-compressing lever provided on the top of the
engine head to start the engine. (Lift the lever for decompression).
9. Crank the engine slowly with the help of a handle provided and allows
certain amount of fuel into the pump and in turn through the nozzle into the
engine cylinder. Increase cranking rate and pull the decompression lever down,
now the engine starts. Allow the engine to run and stabilize at approximately
1500 RPM.

10. Note down the following parameters at no load.

a) Speed of the engine from Digital RPM indicator.
b) Time for x CC fuel consumption in Sec
c) Net load on engine (W -S) in Kg from the amount of weight added on
the pan (W) in Kg minus spring balance reading (S ) in Kg

11. Now load the engine by placing dead weights on weight hanger to load the
engine in steps of , , , and full load. Allow the engine to stabilize on each
step of load and note down the above parameters.
12. With the above parameters recorded at each load, calculate the performance
parameters of the engine.
13. Magnetizer setup is to be installed to injector pipe between fuel pump and
fuel injector, and procedure is repeated to calculate the performance parameters.

Performance Parameters of Diesel Engine without Magnet

Trials on single Cylinder Diesel Engine are carried out without installing
the magnet and the results of test are tabulated below.
Table 7.1 Performance Parameters of Diesel Engine without Magnetizer Setup.
S.No
.

Loa
d

BP

FP

IP

Units

KW

KW

KW

BTE
%

BSFC
Kg/KW-

hr
1

1.8

1.7

25

0.9122

1.8

2.7122

33.63

12.70

0.6325

50

1.8244

1.8

3.6244

50.33

19.82

0.4052

75

2.7367

1.8

4.5367

60.32

24.17

0.3324

100

1.8

5.4489

66.96

26.14

0.3073

3.6489

Performance Parameters of Diesel Engine with Magnet

Trials on single Cylinder Diesel Engine are carried out by installing the
magnet and the results of test are tabulated below.
Table 7.2 Performance Parameters of Diesel Engine with Magnetizer Setup.
S.No
.

Loa
d

BP

FP

IP

BTE

BSFC

Units

KW

KW

KW

Kg/KWhr

1.6

1.7

1.6

2.5122

36.31

12.80

0.6277

25

50

1.8244

1.6

3.4244

53.27

20.32

0.3953

75

2.7367

1.6

4.3367

63.10

24.22

0.3317

100

1.6

5.2489

69.51

26.74

0.3004

0.9122

3.6489

Exhaust Emissions of Diesel Engine without Magnet

Trials on single Cylinder Diesel Engine are carried out without installing
the magnet and the obtained readings of test are tabulated below.
Table 7.3 Exhaust Emissions without Magnetizer Setup

S.No
.

Loa
d

Smoke

CO

HC

CO2

NOx

Units

HSU

Rpm

30.61

0.07

56

2.3

43

25

42.07

0.08

82

3.4

52

50

52.67

0.10

88

4.8

58

75

59.11

0.11

92

6.7

64

100

60.32

0.12

99

8.6

73

7.4 Exhaust Emissions of Diesel Engine with Magnet

Trials on single Cylinder Diesel Engine are carried out without installing the
magnet and the obtained readings of test are tabulated below.
Table 7.4 Exhaust Emissions with Magnetizer Setup
S.No
.

Loa
d

Smoke

CO

HC

CO2

Units

HSU

Rpm

NOx
%

27.87

0.07

54

2.5

44

25

41.32

0.07

65

3.5

58

50

49.95

0.08

78

5.4

62

75

54.47

0.08

86

7.1

68

100

58.22

0.10

91

9.7

79

Graphs are plotted between several parameters to compare the relative change
in the performance of the engine.