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The 30th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Soclety, November 2 6,2004, Busan, Korea
I. INTRODUCTION
The dc-to-ac power conversion at variable frequency is
the basis of the modern variable speed ac motor drive
applications. In these applications, the pulse-widthmodulated (PWM) voltage-fed inverter P I ) is almost
universally used. The foed switching frequency and the
correspondingly well-defmed harmonic content make the
carrier-based P W M algorithms very popular. Among the
carrier-based PWM algorithms, space vector P W M
(SWWM) is well-accepted because of its superior
harmonic quality and extended linear range of operation
11,2]. Different from other carrier-based PWM algorithms
which modulate each of the three phase voltages
individually, S V P W M modulates the command voltage
vector as a whole. Basically, this algorithm aims to have the
average of the output voltage vector equal to the command
reference vector. Because of the nature of its sbategy,
SVPWM requires very complex on-line computation,
which usually limits its operation up to several lcHz of
switching ffequency. The difficulty increases when
operation in undermodulation and overmodulation regions
is required. In this case, different algorithms are required
for each region. An operation strategy for each region was
proposed in [3], where the overmodulation region was
1224
(a)
(b)
Fig. 1 (a) 2-level voltage-fed inverter, (b) Switching states of the inverter
trajectory limits for this region. Fig. 2(c) shows operation
in overmodulation mode 2 and the corresponding trajectory
limits.
f*
=!L-
(fa
+4 )
where
t, th to = effective time for the lagging, leading and
zero switching vectors, respectively
T,= lif, = sampling time ( f, s w i t c h g frequency)
V+ = DC l i voltage
a = angle of v' in a 60' sector.
va
v, (1 0 0 )
(a )
"a
(b)
V,(1 0 0 )
v,
V,(1 0 0 )
(c)
[0.952<m<l .O]
1225
Vd ,Vq
Sector identification
on six sectors
Calculate, ,T
TBON,
,T
,
1226
S=1,4
The
S = 2,s
S = 3,6
S=1,4
of
the
strategy
for
sector
S = 2,5
simplification
>
A = Sign(%)
= Sign(&&
(2b)
- V,)
c=
(4)
- V,
N = A + 2.3 4.C
(5)
The simplification uses the similarities between the
sectors 1 and 4,2 and 5, and 3 and 6. This reduces the total
S=2,5 > ( 2 ~ ) number of sectors from 6 to 3, and therefore, only 2
conditional expressions (ifl are required for calculation of
g(Vd VJ, instead of 6, as proposed in [7]. Fig. 5 shows the
S = 3,6
idea behind the sector identification. On the other hand, the
sector identification using the proposed approach is given
by the equation
Tom = T, -TON because of symmetry.
S = 1,4
and
T"-m= ~ ( l + L . m & ) )
(3)
(6)
B. Saturation Function
091
0.82
093
0.04 0 9 5 o.gs
M d u Y w n hdrr m
087
0.98
om
1227
A. Simulation Results
Sector identification
on three sectors
0
Switch gates
300 V
50 pS
1 Hp, 230 V, 4-pole
frequency range:0 - 60 Hz
Power factor (full load): 85%
Eficiency: (full load): 85%
Stator resistance (Rs): 4.850 C l
Rotor resistance (Rr): 5.386 L
2
Stator leak. inductance (LIS): 18.48 mH
Rotor leak. inductance (Llr): 20.53 mH
Magnetizing inductance (Lm):225 mH
Rotor Inertia (0:0.01155 Kg.m2
Fan Load ITL= d]k
:1.65~"
Time I
(c)
1228
B. Experimental Results
41
vc)
Trig -4mV
lOmV
CH2
I I
5ms
SAVE
(a)
Trig -4mV
CH2
v. CONCLUSIONS
This paper proposes a new simple and ultra-fast space
vector PWM algorithm. The simplication of the SVPWM
algorithm is achieved by (1) coupling between the angle
and amplitude of the command voltage vector in the fmal
result of the algorithm, (2) the extrapolation of the
undermodulation strategy into the overmodulation region,
(3) the reduction of the number of equations to calculate the
switching times, and (4) the simplification of the sector
identification strategy. As a result, it is now possible to
implement SVPWM algorithm at a higher switching
frequency. The simulation and experimental results show
that the simplified algorithm works very well in under and
overmodulation regions at a much less computation cost
compared to that of the conventional algorithm. The
execution time of the SVM algorithm takes only 110
machine cycles (5.5 ps when using TMS320F240).
Although the results were given only for open-loop
Volts/Hz control, the same algorithm is also suitable for
vector-controlled induction motor drive.
W.REFERENCES
[I] I. Holtz, Pulse width modulation for electric power conversion,
BOC.
OflEEE,v. 8 2 , 1 9 9 4 , ~1194-1214.
[2] H.W. Van Der Broeck, H.C. Skudelny and G. Stanke, Analysis md
realization of a pulse widib modulator based on voltage space
vectors, IEEE Trans. on Ind. Appb, vol. 24, Jan./Feb. 1988, pp. 142150.
1229
F-l I
lOmV
I Il-l
5ms
SAVE
5ms
SAVE
(b)
1 flmV
(4
Fig. 8 Experimental results:
(a) phase current - 50 Hz,m = 0.833
(b) phase current - 56 Hz,m = 0.933
(c) phase current - 59 Hz,m = 0.983
Scales: Sms/div, 1Mdiv