TABLE OF CONTENT

No
.

ITEM

PAGE

INTRODUCTION

PROBLEM STATEMENT

3.

OBJECTIVES

4.

SCOPE OF STUDY

5.

CASE OF STUDY

6.

PROBLEM SOLVING SOLUTION

4-5

7.

RECOMMENDATIONS

6-8

8.

CONCLUSION

9.

REFERENCES

10

10.

APPENDIX

11

1.0 INTRODUCTION
Flood is a natural event or occurrence where a piece of land (or area) that is usually dry
land, suddenly get submerged under water. Some floods can occur suddenly and recede quickly.
Others take days or even months to build and discharge. Most common is when rivers or streams
overflow their banks. Excessive rain, a ruptured dam or levee, rapid ice melting in the mountains
or even an unfortunately placed beaver dam can overwhelm a river and send it spreading over the
adjacent land, called a floodplain. This flashflood can be extremely dangerous because it
sweeping everything in its path downstream.
Floods in Malaysia are regular natural disaster in Malaysia which happens nearly every
year during the monsoon season. As part of the northeast monsoon, heavy rain since 17
December 2014 forced 3,390 people in Kelantan and 4,209 people in Terengganu to flee their
homes. Several Keretapi Tanah Melayu (KTM) intercity train services along the East services
along the East Coast route were disrupted on 18 December 2014 following the floods. On 20
December 2014, the area of Kajang, Selangor, was also hit by serious floods. By 23 December
2014, most rivers Kelantan, Pahang, Perak and Terengganu had reached dangerous levels. Due to
rising water levels, most businesses were affected about 60,000 people were displaced in the next
day. The state of Kelantan had the most evacuees.
Given Malaysias geographical location, most floods that occur are a natural result of of
cylindrical monsoons during the local tropical wet season that are characterized by heavy and
regular rainfall from roughly October and March. Floods in Southern Johor was believes to be
caused by the Gore Effect. This is because Johor is not within the usual monsoon affected zone.

2.0 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Area of Parit Raja including campus of UTHM is facing flood and water shortage every
year due to topographically is flat and most of the top layer of soil is occupied by clay.
The flood (flash flood) occurred due to the drainage system is poor caused by the rate of
infiltration of clay soil is low that cannot contribute to the drainage system and back water from
the main-drain/river that flows back to the drainage area as the topography is flat (Fig.1.1).
Meanwhile water shortage occurred due to the main sources of water supply are not
sufficient to fulfill the water requirements as the available groundwater is limited which cannot
contribute to the water supply.

Figure 1.1 Flash Flood in UTHM

3.0 OBJECTIVES
From this study, there are two (2) objectives that we want to achieve.
i.
ii.

To identify factors that can lead to environmental problem around case study location.
To provide solution that can help solve the environmental problem.

4.0 SCOPE OF STUDY

The location that we chose for the case study is at the Lorong Ali which is near from
Warung Makan Azizah and also in front of the Taman Universiti area. It is still in area of Parit
Raja where we were supposed to identify the problem for the case study.
5.0 CASE OF STUDY
Investigations were done at Parit Raja Area located in the district of Batu Pahat situated near
Taman Universiti, it is in-front of Taman Universiti at Lorong Ali. Well known for its locals and
students community, this area is a mix up of industry building and local people food stall. Our
exact location is the drainage at the beside Warung Azizah. This area has a main drain that not
flows because of environmental problem and we decide to make a study case to know the cause
of the problem. The drainage has a bad smell in the afternoon and customer of the restaurant
become uncomfortable.

6.0 PROBLEM SOLVING SOLUTION

In order to overcome the problems, several solutions should be considered:
a

Role of public and private sector

Strengthen the role in environmental protection and management. Public and private sector must
exercise respect and care for the environment in accordance with the highest moral and ethical
standards.
Besides, public and private sector involve should integrate environmental dimensions in
formulating, planning and implement policies, and objective of all sectors to protect the
environment.
b

Awareness campaign

Public in general are mostly not aware of the importance of environment in our daily life. Thus,
public are unlikely to realize abandon the responsibilities and commitment toward environment
could prove be a fatal mistake.
Thus, awareness campaign about the conservation of nature vitality's and diversity should be
conducted frequently in every opportunity. Frequent exposure of such campaign can slowly
attract the public attention. Not only that, this can helps public to start participate actively and
effectively in any regional and global effort toward environmental conservations and
enhancement.
c

Enforce law

Any violated laws must be taken as a serious environmental affairs. This is to show all parties
that, no matter how small the environmental affair is, it must be taken care of in order to save and
conserve the environment.
Local and global authority must enforce law for the prevention, abatement, control of pollution
and enhancement of environment. Authority must conduct frequent check up in all developing
area should they violated the Environment Quality Act (EQA) 1974 and a severe punishment
must be presented.

Increase the effectiveness of management in all sector

When a decision is made to overcome a problem, we must need an effective management to

implement the objectives. Therefore, commitment and accountability among all parties involve
must be established in dealing with environmental affairs.
Involving parties must ensure the highest commitment to environmental protection and
accountability by all decision-makers in both public and private sectors, non-government
organizations and general public in formulating and planning to implement their activities.

7.0 RECOMMENDATIONS
Humans cannot stop the rains from falling or stop flowing surface water from bursting its
banks. These are natural events, but we can do something to prevent them from having great
impact. Here are a few:
Before the storm.
Prevent flooding problems
1.

Keep storm drains clear of leaves and debris by raking or sweeping materials away from
the drains. Drains near street corners and low areas of streets and parking lots are particularly
key.

2.

Dispose of fallen leaves and other yard debris properly - in compost areas, gardens, or
take to the landfill.

3.

Direct downspouts to at least 10 feet away from your home or business and clear gutters
of any debris.

4.

If you're in an area where flooding is known to occur, keep sandbags on hand and put
valuables in a safe place.

Prepare for flooding with family members or business associates.

1.

Figure out the safest route from your home or business to safe ground. You may have to
leave in a hurry so make sure everyone understands the plan and agree on a meeting point just
in case people get separated. Don't forget about your pets.

2.

List all valuables in your home or business, including all personal property. Keep the list
in a safe location.

3.

Put supplies of canned food and drinking water, medicine, and first aid supplies in a safe
and accessible place, away from flood waters. Include flashlights, radio, extra batteries and
cooking equipment.

4.

Fill up your gas tank. Keep food, water, flashlights and medications in your car.

5.

If you have lawn furniture or other items outside your home or business, put them inside.

When the water begins to rise

1.

Monitor radio and TV stations or the National Weather Service for updates, particularly
for your area.

2.

If local officials advise evacuation, then evacuate quickly and safely. You may be directed
to go to a specific location. Please follow instructions.

3.

If water begins to rise around your home, evacuate to higher ground or a shelter, even if
officials have not advised evacuation.

4.

As you travel, watch for washed-out roads, areas where streams or rivers may be flooding
the area, and for downed power lines. Also assess low areas, such as dips in the roadway, or
areas below water level. Do not attempt to drive over a flooded road. Turn around and drive
another way.

After the flood

1.

Drinking water can become contaminated by material carried by the flood to wells, and
cleanup is important to prevent illness from mold and mildew. Pierce County residents who
have been affected by flooding should take precautions to preserve their health.

2.

The Health Department recommends that anyone using water from a well in a flooded area
should disinfect the water by heating it to a rolling boil for three to five minutes, then let cool
before drinking. Water used for brushing teeth, washing dishes, or food requires the same
treatment as drinking water. An alternative method of disinfection is to place eight drops of
household liquid bleach into a gallon of water if the water is clear, or 16 drops of household
liquid bleach into a gallon of water if the water is cloudy. After adding the bleach to the water,
let the mixture stand for 30 minutes. Otherwise, bottled drinking water should be purchased
from a local market.

3.

Once the flooding has receded, chlorination and flushing of the well is recommended. If you
decide to test your water for the presence of bacteria, the testing should be done by a certified
laboratory to determine if bacteria levels are safe for human consumption.

4.

Also after the floods, check for moisture on walls, floors, carpets and furniture. The
dampness can support mold and mildew, which may cause asthma and other problems. To
prevent mold growth, remove as much moisture as possible immediately after a flood. Dry the
inside of your home by opening windows and doors and warming the house at least 15 degrees
higher than the outside temperature. Mop up any standing water from floors. If furniture,
clothing and other items have been dampened by floodwaters, remove them.

5.

Hand washing is important during clean up to prevent illness. Wash your hands frequently
even if you wear gloves. When the only water for available is contaminated, wash your hands
with soap and water and then use an antibacterial hand sanitizer.

6.

Protect yourself during clean up by wearing gloves and boots. Check with your medical
provider to be sure your tetanus vaccine is up-to-date. A booster is needed every 10 years.

8.0 CONCLUSION
Climate change is expected to affect flooding through changes in rainfall, temperature,
sea level and river processes. Climate change will exacerbate the existing effects of flooding on
infrastructure and community services, including roads, stormwater and wastewater systems and
drainage, river flood mitigation works, and private and public assets including houses, businesses
and schools.
Besides, climate change may change flood risk management priorities and may even
increase the risk from flooding to unacceptable levels in some places. It is therefore important
that your flood risk assessments incorporate an understanding of the impacts of climate change
on the flood hazard.
As for the conclusion, managing present-day and future risk from flooding involves a
combination of risk-avoidance and risk-reduction activities. The treatment options could be a
combination of avoiding risk where possible, controlling risk through structural or regulatory
measures, transferring risk through insurance, accepting risk, emergency management planning,
warning systems, and communicating risk (including residual risk) to affected parties. The best
combination will consider the needs of future generations and not lock communities into a future
of increasing risks from flooding.

9.0 REFERENCES
i.

Bronstert, A., Ghazi, A., Hljadny, J., Kundzevicz, Z.W., Menzel, L., 1999. Proceedings of
the European Expert Meeting on the Oder Flood, May 18, Potsdam, Germany, European

ii.

Commission
Grunewald, U., 1998. The Causes, Progression, and Consequences of the river Oder
Floods in Summer 1997, Including Remarks on the Existence of Risk Potential, German
IDNDR Committee for Natural Disaster Reduction, German IDNDR Series No. 10e,

iii.

Bonn.
Kowalczak, P., 1999. In: Bronstert, A., (Ed.), Flood 1997 Infrastructure and Urban
Context, Proceedings of the European Expert Meeting on the Oder Flood, May 18,
Potsdam, Germany, European Commission, pp. 99104.

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APPENDIX

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