TUTORIAL 1

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

1. Animals obtain food in four different mechanism of feeding. Name all of the four mechanism
and the example of animal that involved.
2. In the process of digestion, carbohydrates are converted to ___________, proteins to
__________, fats to________ and nucleic acids to___________.
3. A disadvantage of digestion within a gastrovascular cavity is that______ cannot be taken in at
the same time that _____, because a single opening serves as both _______ and __________.
4. In earthworm, food passes the esophagus and moistened in the
A) Gizzard
C) Intestine
B) Crop
D) Gastric pouches

5.
The figure above shows the diagram of the human digestive system
i)
Label a to m
ii)
Name the organs that is part of the alimentary canal and accessory gland

6. Name the three salivary glands that deliver saliva in the oral cavity.
7. The figure below shows the swallowing reflex and esophageal peristalsis

Briefly explain what happened in A, B and C.

8. Name the sphincter that can be found
i)
Between esophagus and stomach
ii)
Between stomach and duodenum
9. State the function of
i)
Parietal cells
ii)
Chief cells
10. Within the epithelial cells, glycerol and fatty acids will recombined into fats and bound to
phospholipids, cholesterol and proteins and transported as chylomicron to the
A) Lacteals
B) microvilli
C) lumen of the intestine
D) lumen of the large intestine
11. Intestinal gas is the product of
A) Irritated intestinal cells
B) Intestinal bacteria

C) undigested meat
D) vitamin fermentation

12. The biologic term for throat is _____, an area that leads to two channels- the _______ for
transport of food and the _______ for transport of air. A structure called the _______ closes the
air channel when food is being swallowed.

13. The stomach is located on the ________ side of the abdomen, just below (or posterior to) the
____________.

14. The lining of the small intestine is folded, ridged and covered with small fingerlike projections
called ________, which in turn are covered with a brush border composed of closely packed,
cylindrical ________.
15. Three hormones stimulate release of digestive materials: _____________ stimulates release of
gastric juices, ______________ stimulates release of bicarbonate ions: and __________
stimulates release of bile and pancreatic enzymes. Inhibition of peristalsis and acid secretion
from the stomach were done by __________________.
16. In the lumen of the small intestine, pancreatic amylase converts ___________ to ________,
lipase converts ________ to __________ and ________. Nuclease convert_________ to
___________, trypsin and chymotripsin convert _________ to __________, aminopeptidase and
carbopeptidase convert _______ to _________ and bile salts _________ fat.
17. Many humans develop intestinal gas and diarrhea from consuming milk and milk products,
because they lack the enzyme for digesting the __________ in the milk.
18. Complete the table below
Enzyme
A
Endopeptidase
E
G

Site of production
Salivary glands
Stomach
Pancreas
Ileum

Substrate
B
C
Lipid
H

Product
Maltose
D
F
Glucose

19. The breakdown of cellulose in tough plant materials in cow happens in the ______________ and
________________ .
20. The process of cow regurgitates and rechews the contents of the first sac (cud) before
swallowing again is called
A ) emulsification
C) rumination
B) cecotropes
D) elimination
21. State the general difference between the digestive system of carnivore and herbivore.