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Comparative Assessment of Different Types of Live Food on Growth Performance and
Survival of Giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy) Fry

Research proposal presented by:

Andie John D. Tadeo

MS Aquaculture

College of Fisheries
Central Luzon State University
Science City of Munoz, Nueva Ecija
2014
Introduction
In aquaculture, production of fish to market size within a short period is of highest
importance. But, the success in the hatchery production of fish fingerlings for stocking in the
grow-out production system is largely dependent mainly on the availability of suitable live food
organisms for feeding fish larvae, fry and fingerlings to support good growth and health (Giri, et
al., 2002). Live feeds also help restore the water quality of the culture system and are more easily
accepted by cultured organisms. While live food is difficult to sustain and requires considerable
space and expense, micro diets are easier to maintain and usually have lower production costs
(Jones et al., 1993, Person-Le Ruyet et al., 1993). The development of formulated diets allows

for production of valuable fish larvae without using live prey. The possibility of replacing live
feed with manufactured diets from the onset of exogenous feeding has been investigated in
several studies (Jones et al., 1993, Person-Le Ruyet et al., 1993). Limited success has been
achieved in first-feeding larvae with the complete replacement of live feeds. In freshwater
zooplankton, cyclopoid copepods are important because many of them are voracious predators,
feeding on algae, ciliates, rotifers, larval insects, and small cladocerans (Monakov 2003), thereby
structuring plankton communities. Phytoplankton genera such as Pediastrum, Eudorina and
Ceratium are difficult for zooplankton to digest compared with Chlorella, Scenedesmus and
Chlamydomonas (Downing and Rigler 1984). Several copepods, particularly cyclopoids, are
facultative predators and grow better on animal diets (Williamson and Reid 2001).
Wang et al. 2005 found that the survival will be significantly higher in larvae fed with
live food than in larvae fed the three formulated diets. Introduction of live zooplankton is
therefore being investigated as an alternate to pond fertilization for increasing fish yields while
avoiding water quality deterioration, (Jha, et al., 2007). A variety of environmental factors are
known to affect zooplankton production. Recent research has focused on the relative importance
of food quantity and quality (Cole, et al., 2002). This study will be conducted to evaluate the
effects of live food and formulated diets on the growth and survival of giant gourami fry.

Objectives of the Study

This study generally intends to verify the appropriate live food for the early rearing of
giant gourami fry.
Specifically, the study aims to:
1. Compare the growth of O. goramy fry fed with two different types of live food (e.g.,
Moina spp., and Microworm);
2. Evaluate the survival of O. goramy fry fed with four different types of live food (e.g.,
Moina spp., and Microworm);
3. Determine if there are possible effects of these live foods on the water quality.

Methodology
1.0 Location of the study
The experiment will be conducted at the BFAR NFFTC, Science City of Muoz, Nueva
Ecija. The fish that will be used in the experiments will be stocked and challenged at the basins
with the volume of 2 liters.
2.0 Experimental Design
The experiment will be followed a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with three
treatments and three replicates each.
Treatments
Treatment
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5

Control (Commercial fry mash feed)

Microworm (Panagrelus redivivus)
Zooplankton (Moina spp.)
Tubifex
Artemia

3.0 Water Quality

The study will be conducted for 15 days. Water quality such as DO and temperature will
be monitored every day. Follow-through water system will be used to aerate and replenish the
water in the basin. Siphon method will be done every morning, before the initial feeding, for
each set-up to remove debris.
4.0 Stocking fish
Osphronemus goramy fry will be requested from the BFAR-NFFTC, Science City of
Muoz, Nueva Ecija and stocked in the basins following the treatments above in triplicates.

The stocking density is 12 pcs. of fry per basin with a volume of 2 liters. Follow-through
water system will be used to aerate and replenish the water in the basin.

5.0 Fish sampling

Initial and final sampling of fish will be done to monitor the increase in growth of Giant
gourami. The body weight and total length of fish will be recorded.
6.0 Feeding Procedure
Giant gourami fry will be fed three times daily at 9 a.m., 1 p.m., and 4 p.m. at 22% ABW
(Effiong et. al., 2009).
Mass production of live food organisms
Moina sp., zooplankton, will be cultured in a circular tank with a volume of 0.40 m 3.
Chicken manure in net bags served as fertilizer and source of food for the zooplankton.
Harvesting will be by means of plankton net (800-1000 m mesh). Collected Moina will be
again passed through a filter net (400-500 m mesh) to separate the large adults from the nauplii
and small adults. Moina will be thoroughly will behed with tap water prior to feeding to gourami
fry.
Microworm will be mass produced using starter culture microworm provided by
Freshwater Aquaculture Center (FAC). Oatmeal/bread (source of starch) and active dry yeast will
be used as the source of food of microworms. Microworms, oatmeal and yeast will be put
together in a plastic container with cover and leave for 1 week. Microworms will be harvested by
plastic spoon after 1 week.
7.0 Determination of Growth
Weights will be recorded and feed supplied will be used to compute the average body
weight (ABW), daily feed ration (DFR), total feed requirement (TFR) and Specific Growth Rate
(SGR). Daily monitoring of the mortalities of fry will be also recorded.

Calculations for:

a) ABW (g) = total wt. of fish randomly sampled / no. of fish sampled
b) DFR = ABW x stocking density x feeding rate
c) TFR = DFR x feeding duration
d) SGR = (ln final body weight ln initial body weight) x 100/ No. of days of experiment
e) Survival = 100 x (Final number of fingerlings / Initial number of fingerlings)
8.0 Statistical Analysis
The data will be first checked for assumptions for analysis of variance. The data will be
then subjected to analysis of variance (One-way ANOVA). If significant (P<0.05) differences
will be found in the ANOVA test, Duncans multiple range test (Duncan1955) will be used to
rank the groups. The data are presented as mean SE or otherwise stated, of three replicate
groups. All statistical analyses will be carried out using SPSS program, 10.0 (SPSS, 1999).

REFERENCES
El Sayed A.F.M. 2002. Effects of stocking density and feeding levels on growth and feed
efficiency of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, L.) fry. Aquaculture Research 33:621626.
Fox M.G. and D.D. Flowers. 1990. Effect of Fish Density on Growth, Survival, and Food
Consumption by Juvenile Walleyes in Rearing Ponds. Transactions of the American
Fisheries Society, 119: 112-121.
Huang W.B. and T.S. Chiu. 1997. Effects of stocking density on survival, growth, size variation,
and production of Tilapia fry. Aquaculture Research 28:165-173.

Mackintosh D.J. and S.S. de Silva. 1984. The influence of stocking density and food ration on
fry survival and growth in Oreochromis mossambicus and O. niloticus Female X O.
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