Slums WATSAN Waste

CONDITION OF BASIC SERVICES-WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND WASTE
MANAGEMENT IN SLUMS OF DHAKA CITY: AN ASSESSMENT
SABRINA HOQUE
TASMIAH SARKER
TARNA FERDOUS KARIM UDOY
FATEMA JAHAN KHAN
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

AHSANULLAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
MAY 2013
CONDITION OF BASIC SERVICES-WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND WASTE

MANAGEMENT IN SLUMS OF DHAKA CITY: AN ASSESSMENT
A Thesis/Project
Submitted by
SABRINA HOQUE
Student No. 09.01.03.032
TASMIAH SARKER
Student No. 09.01.03.029
TARNA FERDOUS KARIM UDOY Student No. 09.01.03.018

FATEMA JAHAN KHAN
Student No. 09.01.03.003
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering
Under the supervision of

Dr. Abdullah Al-Muyeed
Associate Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

AHSANULLAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
MAY 2013
CONDITION OF BASIC SERVICES-WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND

WASTE MANAGEMENT IN SLUMS OF DHAKA CITY: AN ASSESSMENT
DECLARATION
It is declared that except where specified by reference to other works, the studies
personified in this thesis are the result of assessment carried out by the authors.
Neither the thesis nor any part has been submitted to or is being submitted elsewhere
for any other purposes.
Signature of the students
1.
--------------------------------------------(Sabrina Hoque)
2.
--------------------------------------------(Tasmiah Sarker)
3.
--------------------------------------------(Tarana Ferdous Karim Udoy)
4.
--------------------------------------------(Fatema Jahan Khan)
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors would like to express their wholehearted gratitude to the Almighty firstly
for each and every achievement of their life.
The authors wish to express their deepest gratefulness to their honored supervisor Dr.
Abdullah Al-Muyeed, Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering,
Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology (AUST), Dhaka. His vital
guidance, untiring efforts and thoughtful suggestions helped the authors at all stages
of this thesis work.
The authors would like to immensely thank their parents, their underlying love,
encouragement and support throughout their life and education. Without their
blessing, achieving this goal would have been impossible.
Authors would also like to thank all of their friends for their assistance, motivation
and judgment throughout the completion of this study.
iii
ABSTRACT
A slum is an adjoining settlement which grows haphazardly in an unwholesome
condition and where the residents are characterized as having inadequate housing and
basic services. The majority of urban residents of Dhaka city living in overcrowded
slums are often characterized by poor health conditions and livelihood opportunities.
To address the problems associated with the basic services, an informative study on
the number, structure and housing condition of slum, nature of slum people, income
patterns, and water supply at community or household level, thorough behavioral
practices in sanitary and waste disposal systems in the slums is recommended. A brief
summary about the findings of an external evaluation of the effectiveness of the basic
services-water supply, sanitation practice and waste management system of 26 slums
of Dhaka city has been represented in this paper by analyzing the census and survey
report. A scoring system ranging 0-5 was also introduced for easy understanding of
the overall scenario of the studied slums where 0 stands for most vulnerable and 5
specifies the best condition. The assessed data are interpreted in different maps
showing the state of the provided services.
Among the studied slums, Abdullahpur, Arambagh, Diabari, Bhasantek, Agargaon,
Bosila, and Bashbari slums are in the most vulnerable condition as no services are
adequately provided according to the number of living people. On the other hand,
Paris Road, Baonia Badh, Muktijoddha Abason and Rasel Square slums are in better
form with a score 4. Not a single slum is scored with 5 which signify that
improvement is needed in all the slums.
The conditions of the slums are analyzed using T-test, F-test and Z-test and non linear
regression analysis. T-test between existing population with available water source,
iv
sanitation facility and waste management facility shows that these facilities are
insufficient as the value of t was found to be 0.59, 0.84 and 1.37 consecutively. But
according to analysis they should be at least 2.064. Therefore, if the number of these
service facilities increases or the number of population using those facilities
decreases, the services will become satisfactory.
According to F-table F must be 3.128123 for this analysis. But calculated F was only
2.3 which mean the services are not equally provided in all the slums.
For 5% confidence level Z cant be more than 1.96; according to this principal
provided services for dwellers of one slum were compared with other slums and
slums with z lower than 1.96 were considered similar and higher than that were
identified as different. Analysis in the paper shows that 25% of water supply scenario
of the studied slum, sanitation practice scenario of Bhoran slum and waste
management scenario of Arambagh slum has resemblance with 40% and 24% of the
studied slums respectively. So development plans to improve these slums can be used
for other similar ones too.
The study ends up with the decision that the conditions of the service facilities are not
adequate in the slums of Dhaka city and a lot of works need to be done to improve the
facilities for making the slums in shape for the dwellers habitation.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Declaration
ii
Acknowledgement
iii
Abstract
iv
Table of Contents
vi
List of Figures
xi
List of Tables
xiv
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 General
1.2 Objective of the Study
1.3 Scope of the Thesis
1.4 Organization of the Thesis
CHAPTER 2 BACKGROUND STUDIES

2.1 Urbanization
2.2 Urbanization Trend in Bangladesh
2.3 Reasons of Urbanization in Bangladesh
2.4 Distribution of Urban Population in Bangladesh
2.5 Effects of Urbanization in Bangladesh
2.6 Scenario of Slums in Dhaka City
10
2.6.1 Housing Condition of Slum Dwellers
12
2.6.2 Employment Status of Slum Dwellers
13
2.6.3 Unsatisfactory Working Environment
14
2.6.4 Income and Expenditure
14
2.6.5 Assets of Slum Dwellers
16
vi
2.6.6 Food Consumption Rate
16
2.6.7 Literacy Scenario
18
2.6.8 Health Condition in Slum
18
CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY
3.1 Site Selection and Characteristics
21
3.2 Data Collection System
24
3.3 Obligations in Data Collection
25
3.4 Description of Studied Slums
26
3.4.1 Bhoran Slum
26
3.4.2 Abdullahpur Slum
28
3.4.3 Sluice Gate Slum
30
3.4.4 Paris Road Slum
32
3.4.5 Baonia Badh Slum
34
3.4.6 Duaripara Slum
36
3.4.7 Arambagh Slum
38
3.4.8 Shialbari Slum
40
3.4.9 Muktijoddha Abason Slum
42
3.4.10 Godara Ghat Slum
44
3.4.11 Diabari Slum
46
3.4.12 Pora Slum
48
3.4.13 Kallyanpur Slum
50
3.4.14 Bhasantek Slum
52
3.4.15 Karail Slum
54
3.4.16 Karail Bangla Wall Slum
56
3.4.17 Begunbari Slum
58
vii
3.4.18 Malibagh Slum
60
3.4.19 Karwan Bazar Slum
62
3.4.20 Agargaon Slum
64
3.4.21 Agargaon Slum
66
3.4.22 Dhaka Udyan Slum
68
3.4.23 Bashbari Slum
70
3.4.24 Bosila Slum
72
3.4.25 Kaderiabad Slum
74
3.4.26 Rasel Square Slum
76
CHAPTER 4 STUDIED CONDITION IN THE SURVEYED SLUMS

4.1 Condition of Water supply Facility
78
4.1.1 An Overview of the Problems Associated with the Water Supply Facility91
4.2 Condition of Sanitation Practice
92
4.2.1 An Overview of the Problems Regarding the Sanitation Practice
97
4.3 Condition of Waste Management System
98
4.3.1 An Overview of the Problems Coupled with Waste Management

4.4 Picture of Studied Slums at a Glance
103
104
4.4.1 Scoring for General Condition (0-5)
104
4.4.2 Scoring for Water Supply (0-5)
104
4.4.3 Scoring for Sanitation Practice (0-5)
105
4.4.4 Scoring for Waste Management System (0-5)
106
viii
CHAPTER 5 STATISTAICAL ANALYSIS

5.1 T-Test (Interpretation of Correlation Coefficients)
113
5.1.1 Comparing Population with Available Water Source
114
5.1.2 Comparing Population with Available Sanitation Facility
115
5.1.3 Comparing Population with Available Waste Management Facility 117

5.2 Z-Test (Test Significance of Difference between Two Sample Proportions)
118
5.2.1 Water Supply Scenario of Studied Slums wrt Agargaon Slum
118
5.2.2 Sanitation Practice Scenario of Studied Slums wrt Agargaon Slum
122
5.2.3 Waste Management Scenario of Studied Slums wrt Agargaon Slum 122
5.3 F-Test (One Way Analysis of Variance)
123
5.3.1 F-test to understand the Relationship among the Studied Services

Provided in the Slums
124
5.4 Multiple Non-Linear Regression Analysis

5.4.1 Regression Analysis by Collected Data
126
126
CHAPTER 6 TECHNOLOGICAL IDEAS IMPROVING BASIC SERVICES

6.1 Rainwater Harvesting
135
6.2 Sanitation Blocks
137
6.3 VIP Latrines
138
6.4 Integrated Solid Waste Management
139
CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

7.1 General
141
7.2 Findings
141
7.3 Recommendations
144
ix
REFERENCES
145
APENDIX
146
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1: Considered parameters of the scenario of the slums in Dhaka city
11
Figure 2.2: Slums of Dhaka metropolitan area, 2005
20
Figure3.1: Stages followed in research methodology
25
Figure 3.2: Different scenarios of Bhoran Slum
27
Figure 3.3: Different scenarios of Abdullahpur Slum
29
Figure 3.4: Different scenarios of Sluice Gate Slum
31
Figure 3.5: Different scenarios of Paris Road Slum
33
Figure 3.6: Different scenarios of Baonia Badh Slum
35
Figure 3.7: Different scenarios of Duaripara Slum
37
Figure 3.8: Different scenarios of Arambagh Slum
39
Figure 3.9: Different scenarios of Shialbari Slum
41
Figure 3.10: Different scenarios of Muktijoddha Abason Slum
43
Figure 3.11: Different scenarios of Godara Ghat Slum
45
Figure 3.12: Different scenarios of Diabari Slum
47
Figure 3.13: Different scenarios of Pora Slum
49
Figure 3.14: Different scenarios of Kallyanpur Slum
51
Figure 3.15: Different scenarios of Bhasantek Slum
53
Figure 3.16: Different scenarios of Karail Slum
55
Figure 3.17: Different scenarios of Karail Bangla Wall Slum
57
Figure 3.18: Different scenarios of Begunbari Slum
59
Figure 3.19: Different scenarios of Malibagh Slum
61
Figure 3.20: Different scenarios of Karwan Bazar Slum
63
Figure 3.21: Different scenarios of Agargaon Slum
65
67
xi
Figure 3.23: Different scenarios of Dhaka Udyan Slum
69
Figure 3.24: Different scenarios of Bashbari Slum
71
Figure 3.25: Different scenarios of Bosila Slum
73
Figure 3.26: Different scenarios of Kaderiabad Slum
75
Figure 3.27: Different scenarios of Rasel Square Slum
77
Figure 4.1: Classification of water source
79
Figure 4.2: Tube well used as main water source
87
Figure 4.3: Tubewell used for bathing and washing
87
Figure 4.4: Illegal and unhygienic pipe connection
87
Figure 4.5: Shallow wells used for household chores only
87
Figure 4.6: River used for bathing and washing
87
Figure 4.7: Water usage in unhealthy condition
87
Figure 4.8: Queue to collect water
87
Figure 4.9: Collection of water
87
Figure 4.10: Pattern of sanitation latrine
93
Figure 4.11: Commonly used pit lartine
95
Figure 4.12: Coexistence of pit latrine and tube well
95
Figure 4.13: Communal toilets
95
Figure 4.14: Hanging latrine
95
Figure 4.15: Children excretion on open space
95
Figure 4.16: Water pollution due to improper sanitation
95
Figure 4.17: Solid waste disposal site type
99
Figure 4.18: Community waste collecting van
102
Figure 4.19: Scattering of waste near dustbin
102
Figure 4.20: Open space used for damping waste
102
xii
Figure 4.21: Collecting household wastes
102
Figure 4.22: Blockage of drain due to wastage throw
102
Figure 4.23: Scavenger at dustbin
102
Figure 4.24: Population scenario of slums of Dhaka city
109
Figure 4.25: Water supply scenario of slums of Dhaka city
110
Figure 4.26: Sanitation practice scenario of slums of Dhaka city
111
Figure 4.27: Waste management system scenario of slums of Dhaka city
112
Figure 5.1: Water source scenario with respect to Agargaon slum
121
Figure 5.2: Sanitation availability with respect to Agargaon slum
122
Figure 5.3: Waste management system with respect to Agargaon slum
122
Figure 5.4: Experimental Vs Predicted Population; y = f (WS, SF, WM)
128
Figure 5.5: Experimental Vs Predicted Population; y = f (WS, SF)
129
Figure 5.6: Experimental Vs Predicted Population; y = f (SF, WM)
130
Figure 5.7: Experimental Vs Predicted Population; y = f (WS, WM)
131
Figure 5.8: Experimental Vs Predicted Population; y = f (WS)
132
Figure 5.9: Experimental Vs Predicted Population; y = f (SF)
133
Figure 5.10: Experimental Vs Predicted Population; y = f (WM)
134
Figure 6.1: Concept of rainwater harvesting
135
Figure 6.2: Rainwater collection process
136
Figure 6.3: Design of a sanitation block
137
Figure 6.4: Working process of a VIP latrine
139
Figure 6.5: Flowchart of an integrated solid waste management
140
xiii
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1: Growth of national and urban population in Bangladesh
Table 2.2: Reasons of Migration (as % of Total households)
Table 2.3: Number of slum and cluster between 1997 and 2005 census
Table 2.4: Housing structure (Percentage of households)
15
Table 2.5: Household monthly income pattern of Dhaka (percentage of households)15

Table 3.1: List of the slums
21
Table 3.2: About Bhoran Slum
26
Table 3.3: About Abdullahpur Slum
28
Table 3.4: About Sluice Gate Slum
30
Table 3.5: About Paris Road Slum
32
Table 3.6: About Baonia Badh Slum
34
Table 3.7: About Duaripara Slum
36
Table 3.8: About Arambagh Slum
38
Table 3.9: About Shialbari Slum
40
Table 3.10: About Muktijoddha Abason Slum
42
Table 3.11: About Godara Ghat Slum
44
Table 3.12: About Diabari Slum
46
Table 3.13: About Pora Slum
48
Table 3.14: About Kallyanpur Slum
50
Table 3.15: About Bhasantek Slum
52
Table 3.16: About Karail Slum
54
Table 3.17: About Karail Bangla Wall Slum
56
Table 3.18: About Begunbari Slum
58
Table 3.19: About Malibagh Slum
60
xiv
Table 3.20: About Karwan Bazar Slum
62
Table 3.21: About Agargaon Slum
64
66
Table 3.23: About Dhaka Udyan Slum
68
Table 3.24: About Bashbari Slum
70
Table 3.25: About Bosila Slum
72
Table 3.26: About Kaderiabad Slum
74
Table 3.27: About Rasel Square Slum
76
Table 4.1: Response from questioner survey for available water sources and its use 80
Table 4.2: Water Requirement for Different Domestic Purposes in the Slum
88
Table 4.3: Available sanitation facilities in slums of Dhaka
93
Table 4.4: Availability of sanitation facilities in the slums
96
Table 4.5: Solid waste disposal practice in Slum
99
Table 4.6: Details of numbering from 0 to 5
106
Table 4.7: Summary of numbering from 0 to 5
107
Table 5.1: Values of constants and significance among variables
127
Table 6.1: Rainwater treatments according to purpose of use
136
xv
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL
In the consequences of economic development, urbanization is rapidly growing and as
Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh that is the centre of economic, political,
technological systems is becoming more and more populated day-by-day. The Centre
for Urban Studies (CUS) 2005 slum survey found that, unlike other divisional capitals
in the country, whose slum dwellers were primarily from districts adjoining them,
Dhaka attracted significant migration from nearby 28 districts out of 64 in total. As a
result Dhaka has become the most populated city in Bangladesh.
Previous studies have shown that at least 60% population in Dhaka city lives under
poverty level and 37.5% of total population (JICA2005). Therefore, poverty has
become a critical urban problem in Dhaka city leading to mushrooming of unlawful
tenant settlements defined as slums. Urban poor people choose slums to live as a
cheap and affordable accommodation system. Because of their illegal status, slum
dwellers in Dhaka do not receive government services such as water supply, drainage,
sewerage and waste collection. The environmental conditions, especially water
pollution problems in slums arising from inadequate treatment of sewage, poor
drainage and inappropriate disposal of solid waste, are often terrible and worse than in
rural areas (Islam, N. et al., 1997). Consequently, informal settlements are
characterized by poor environmental conditions that influence their residents to poor
health outcomes.
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1
The situation of these slums is not satisfactory to anyone. According to the previous
thesis report, most respondents (89%) did not feel that they lived in a hygienic
environment, and (93%) felt that the slum had lead to disease or ill health in their
families. The most desirable place to live was felt to be in their village of origin
(57%), while others dreamed of living in higher-class places in the city (14%), a place
more quiet (14%) or free of mosquitoes (5%). Only (6%) a few were happy in their
current location. They described their major problems as- unclean latrine facilities
(30%), harassment by slum owners and need to pay bribes (10%), lack of employment
(32%), mosquitoes (86%), extreme heat (5%), lacking roof (11%), harassment of
women (7%), lack of available fuel or gas (17%) and lack of food(3%). Barriers
preventing to move to a more desirable location were stated as a lack of funds (91%),
inability to find work (10%), lack of government assistance (14%) and large family
size (1%).
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The overall objective is to assess the condition of 26 slums of Dhaka city. The
specific objectives are
To assess the selected slums for basic services- water supply, sanitation
practice and waste disposal system.
To compare the assessed condition with the same from literature data.
To analyze the conditions of the slums statistically using T-test, F-test, Ztest and non-linear regression analysis.
To interpret the data and findings using GIS tool.
`
2
1.3 SCOPE OF THE THESIS

This study is an effort to understand the condition of basic service facilities-water
supply, sanitation supply and waste management system in different slums of Dhaka
city in these days; as well as to find out the overall environmental condition of the
slums. The information found in the thesis work helps to understand the condition of
the slums of Dhaka city. The findings can also play a vital role in the design and
implementation of development program activities of the assessed basic services and
will help directly in the further studies.
1.4 ORGANISATION OF THE THESIS

The report is organized to best represent and discuss the condition of basic service
facilities-water supply, sanitation supply and waste management system in different
slums of Dhaka city in these days, chapter 1 introduces a statement of the purpose and
scope of this thesis before entering the main studies and discussion. Chapter 2 is the
literature review which represents the historical background of developing slums in
Dhaka city as well as in Bangladesh due to urbanization, the problems to the
environment associated with the overgrowing slums. Chapter 3 is all about the
methodologies of the thesis work. Chapter 4 is the chapter discussing the problems
associated with the assessed basic service facilities in the studied slums. Chapter 5
describes the statistical analysis and regression analysis to express the condition of the
slums statistically. There are some GIS works to understand the conditions and the
findings at a glance for the convenience of the reader. Chapter 6 points out some
developing measures. Chapter 7 is the last chapter dealing with the conclusion which
includes all the findings from the investigation and some recommendations. At the
end, references are provided for the present study is also included.
`
3
CHAPTER 2
BACKGROUND STUDIES
2.1 URBANIZATION
Todays world is recognized as urbanized world with more than half of the planets
population living in officially defined urban areas. Urbanization is the demonstration
of augmentation of urban areas demographically and physically as a result of
migration, natural raise in population and reclassification of rapidly developing rural
areas to cities. The process of urbanization creates opportunities for prosperity of a
country as well as facilitates concentrate poverty and environmental degradation.
2.2 URBANIZATION TREND IN BANGLADESH

The urban pattern in Bangladesh is assumed as an intense character. The Asian
Development Bank has recently labeled it as Cluster-based urban development around
one or more megacity or cities, as demonstrated by Dhaka, a mega-urban
agglomeration (Choe and Roberts, 2011). According to Table 2.1, at the beginning of
the last century; in 1901, only 2.43% of the total population of the present Bangladesh
areas of British India lived in urban areas. Urbanization received motion in terms of
the growth of urban population as well as urban centers after the Indian subcontinent
became independent of the British rule on 1947. There was a rapid rise in population
during the period 1951-1961 from 1.83 million to 2.64 million due to the large scale
migration of Muslims from India. A remarkable growth took place during the period
1961-1974, the increase being as high as 137.6%.
`
4
The rural push factors toward the urban, caused by economic break down after the
liberation war and environmental disasters contributed significantly. Rate of natural
growth of population was also quite high. In 1974, the first census carried out by
Independent Bangladesh Government revealed that the urban population in the
country had increased to 8.9% from 5.2% in 1961. This rose to 15.5% in 1981. The
most important reason for a high inter-census change 110.7% during the period 19741981 was the political administrative decision in shaping the quantitative
demographic status of urbanization rather than quality of urbanization. During the
period 1981-1991, a slower growth rate 5.4% has been observed compared to the
previous time interval. The total urban population increased to 28.6 million in 2001.
Table 2.1: Growth of national and urban population in Bangladesh
Censu
Total
Annual
Total
Urban
Decadal
Annual
National
Growth
Urban
Population
Increase
(Exponenti
Year
Populatio
Rate of
Populatio
as
National
Total
Populatio
Growth
(million)
Populatio
(million)
Population
Rate
(Level of
(%)
Urban
(%)
Urbanization
Population
%)
of of Urban
al
1901
28.2
0.70
2.43
1911
31.65
0.94
0.80
2.54
14.96
1.39
1921
33.25
0.60
0.87
2.61
8.85
0.84
1931
35.60
0.74
1.07
3.01
22.20
2.00
1941
41.99
1.70
1.54
3.66
43.20
3.59
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5
of
1951
44.17
0.50
1.83
4.34
18.38
1.58
1961
55.22
2.26
2.64
5.19
45.11
3.72
1974
76.37
2.48
6.00
8.87
137.57
6.62
1981
89.91
2.32
13.56
15.54
110.68
10.03
1991
111.45
2.17
22.45
20.15
69.75
5.43
2001
123.1
1.47
28.61
23.10
37.05
3.25
Source: Government of Bangladesh: Bangladesh Population Census. Census 1991BBS, 2003 1981; Report on Urban Areas, 1997 and Preliminary Report Population.
Only the total population figure is available so far for the 2011 census (the revised
count) which has been stated to be 150.4 million.
2.3 REASONS OF URBANIZATION IN BANGLADESH

A great number of poor people migrate from village to the divisional cities of the
country in expectation of better income facilities, livelihood and other purposes. In the
slum census of 1997 it was attempted for the first time to find out the key reasons of
migration which is shown in the Table 2.2. From the found result it can be seen that
among the eight reasons found for migration, 39.53% of slum households came to the
urban area for seeking job followed by unsatisfactory income. Both PUSH and PULL
factors have contributed to migration in Bangladesh, but it is widely acknowledged
that PUSH factors especially lack of job opportunities or land erosion have been
the main contributing factors to migration (Opel 2000; Siddiqui, Ahmed et al 2000;
Islam 2005).
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6
Table 2.2: Reasons of migration (as % of Total households)

Reason
% of Total households
River erosion
17.2
Uprooted
12.53
Driven out
Abandoned
1.22
Insufficient income
19.97
Insecurity
2.43
For job
39.53
Others
5.12
Total
100
Total slum households
334431
Source: Census of Slum Areas and Floating Population 1997, BBS 1999
2.4
DISTRIBUTION
OF
URBAN
POPULATION
IN
BANGLADESH
More than half of the urban population lives in the four largest cities of BangladeshDhaka, Chittagong, Rajshahi and Khulna. However, Dhaka alone attracts 300,000 to
400,000 new migrants each year as it is the capital city and considered as economic,
political and administrative heart of the country (World Bank 2007). Its population is
predictable to arrive at an outrageous number 22 million by the year 2015 according
to UN (1984). This would make Dhaka, the 6th largest megacity in Asia by 2015.
According to the report of the Census of Slum Areas and Floating Population 1997,
the largest number of slums was situated in Dhaka city followed by 100-Paurashavas
`
7
and 14 cities respectively. While in 2005, Dhaka remained the first followed by
Chittagong, Rajshahi SMA and Sylhet accordingly. Additionally, the report confirmed
that, 1579 slums and clusters were situated in Dhaka SMA whereas this figure
reached at 4966 in 2005 with an extensive increase of slums. The percentages of these
numbers recorded as 52.9 and 54.9 respectively.
Between 1997 and 2005, the percentages of slum in Chittagong SMA, Khulna SMA
and Sylhet fluctuated in the range of 5 to 11. In 2005 census, 641 slums found in
Rajshahi SMA while it was only 84 in 1997. This information is given in the Table
2.3.
Table 2.3: Number of slum and cluster between 1997 and 2005 census
City
1997
% of
2005
Total
% of
Total
Dhaka Mega City
1579
52.79
4966
54.9
Chittagong SMA
186
6.22
1814
20
Khulna SMA
202
6.75
520
5.7
Rajshahi SMA
84
2.81
641
7.1
Barisal
351
3.9
Sylhet
**
756
8.3
14 Cities
293
9.8
***
***
100 Paurashavas
647
21.63
***
***
Total
2991
100
9048
100
Source: Census of Slum Areas and Floating Population 1997, BBS 1999; Slum of
Urban-Bangladesh, Mapping and Census 2005 by CUS
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8
*Included with Khulna** Included with Chittagong*** Not coverage
The data from the above table assure that, the expansion of slums is not confined only
to divisional cities but also in the urbanized areas and Paurashavas.
The 2001 Population Census revealed rural-urban population distribution was 77:23.
In recent years, rural-urban migration has increased steadily. Expert opinion is that
current rural-urban population distribution is 73:27. In spite of this, almost 85% of the
rural migrants absorbed in the four main cities are continuously overcrowding these
cities, threatening the ecology and complicating the task of managing the urban life.
2.5 EFFECTS OF URBANIZATION IN BANGLADESH

Urbanization is assumed to be advantageous for the development of todays world. A
2005 study on migration and poverty in Asia by the International Organization for
Migration notes that even if migrant jobs are in the risky informal sector, the gains to
be made can be several times higher than wages in rain-fed agriculture. Many slum
dwellers are in fact entrepreneurs, they try to change the condition of their own as
well as others by undertaking various commercial projects. Individually, the women
get benefits in terms of skill, self confidence, increasing interests, access to financial
activities for the family, fitness in public affairs, set up own status in the family
matters
and
in the
community.
Overall
urbanization enhances
womens
empowerment.
Although there are some positive aspects, the negative aspects of urbanization
overshadow those positive factors. The major reason behind it is the concentration of
economic, social, political and administrative forces of a country in the cities
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9
magnetizes both rich and poor people. This situation contributes to certain adverse
effects of urbanization particularly mass poverty. Urban poverty is the typical feature
of cities in Bangladesh. The World Bank (2007) reports the human development
situations in urban areas are either stagnating or actively deteriorating. In 2005, nearly
35% of Bangladeshs urban population lived in low-income settlements or slums,
across its six city corporations (CUS et al 2006).
The awful situation is more so for the capital city Dhaka where 70% people live
below the poverty line. They are the most deprived sector with respect to obtaining
basic urban facilities and lacking access to clean drinking water and working toilets,
surrounded by desperations and crimes. According to a census in late 1990s, only
26% of the urban population was served by piped water and only 11% had access to
adequate excreta disposal facilities. The environmental conditions, especially water
pollution problems arising from inadequate treatment of sewage, poor drainage and
inappropriate disposal of solid waste, are often horrifying and worse than in rural
areas (Islam, N. et al., 1997).
However there is a need for proper management systems of urbanization for
sustainable development of the most important cities of the country in the long run.
2.6 SCENERIO OF SLUMS IN DHAKA CITY

The entry of people in Dhaka city has forced low-income clusters to live in slums.
About 60% of the total populations in Dhaka city are considered as rolling stone
where more than 65% of the migrant people live in slum areas. The physical condition
of slums is characterized by high density living, continuous threat of eviction,
inappropriate consumption of public resources, lack of basic services, unhygienic and
polluted environment, great illiteracy rate, unemployment, under-employment, crime,
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10
drug addiction, social, moral and psychological degradation and poor health. Severe
outbreak of fire caused by carelessness and lack of awareness turning slums to ashes
and killing people has become a common feature in the newspapers on recent days.
The detailed scenario of the slums of Dhaka city parameters can be considered as
shown in Figure 2.1.
1. Housing
condition of
slum
dwellers
8. Health
condition in
Slum
7. LIiteracy
Scenario
Scenario
of Dhaka
city Slum
2.
Unsatisfacto
ry working
environment
3.
Employment
status of
slum
dwellers
4. Income
and
expenditure
6. Food
consumption
rate
5. Assets of
slum
dwellers
Figure 2.1: Considered parameters of the scenario of the slums in Dhaka city
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11
2.6.1 HOUSING CONDITION OF SLUM DWELLERS

As the people of slum live under the poverty line, their housing structure is very poor.
The walls and roofs of such houses are generally made of straw leaves, Gunny bag,
polythene paper, bamboo. A tin shed house or even a decrepit old building may be
added where ventilation, drinking water, electricity and sewerage facilities are absent.
Though from the outside, such housing structures may look primarily like residential
areas, row upon row of linked tin sheds squeezed tightly together on top of poorlyserviced land is hardly suitable for a healthy life standard. Some of the houses are
placed below the general ground level of Dhaka city and these places and houses get
flooded badly during rainy season. The average population in each house or room of
almost every slum is 4-7 which makes their life congested and miserable.
According to the Report of the Slum Census 1997, as shown in Table 2.4, Jhupri
dominate housing structured by capturing the highest portion 41.41%. In 2005, 44.8%
households lived in Kutcha housing followed by Semi pucca 42.4% and Old buildings
1.1% respectively.
Table 2.4: Housing structure (Percentage of households)
Housing structure
1997
2005
Jhupri/Shacks/Mud
41.41
11.3
Bamboo structures/Tong
Tin shed
28.33
Tong
8.57
Chhai
17.69
Pucca
0.91
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12
Semi pucca
3.09
42.4
Kutcha flimsy structure
44.8
Dilapidated old buildings
1.1
Others/Better quality
0.5
Total
100
100
Source: Census of Slum Areas and Floating Population 1997, BBS 1999; Slum of
Urban-Bangladesh, Mapping and Census 2005 by CUS
2.6.2 EMPLOYMENT STATUS OF SLUM DWELLERS
The urban poor have no permanent employment in the city to manage their lives.
Almost all the newcomers to the city join the informal sectors. Most of the males are
involved in various informal jobs as rickshaw-puller, day laborer, street vendor,
construction worker and small businessman. And the female works as made-servant in
domestic works and garments worker in production works. Many women also work as
day laborer at half of the wages of male laborers. Wages are generally low, though
domestic work appears to be the lowest pay. Child laborers are often found living in
either street sides or slum. These children are generally found to work as scavengers,
brick breaker laborers, vehicle conductors etc. In the poorest households with child
workers, earnings from the children are significant, representing about one third of
total household income.
The Slum Census Report 1986 figured out that, 40.98% of the slum population was
employed where 65.53% was male and 11.91% was female while 59.02% people
including children and student was unemployed due to no specific job. The reported
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13
data claimed that unemployment rate is very high among the slum population and the
unemployed people usually engaged in begging.
2.6.3 UNSATISFACTORY WORKING ENVIRONMENT

The working environment of slum people is not satisfactory from the view of finance
and security. These people work in very unsafe environment where they are at risk of
injury or death. A significant portion of the slum residents specially the women and
girl children are subjected to harassment and gender discrimination. The maidservants, garments workers face verbal, physical and sexual harassment. But they
generally do not protest or complain against such harassments because of their
vulnerability and fear of losing their jobs.
2.6.4 INCOME AND EXPENDITURE

Generally the expense is always greater than the earning of insolvent people. The
rates of income, wage and productivity are very low among the urban poor. As they
are involved in low paid jobs in informal sectors of work they are unable to earn more
despite their efforts. Their income range starts from 1500-5000 per month. The
household monthly income of Tk. 5,000 was estimated as the urban poverty line for
May 2005 by the CUS study team on the basis of urban poverty line per capita income
of TK.906 (or tk. 4344 for an average urban household) for May 2004 determined by
the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) and presented in its Preliminary Report of
the Poverty Monitoring Survey, 2004. According to Table 2.5, 85.5% slum people
lived below poverty line with 19.6% people incoming 2001-3000tk, 34.5% people
incoming 3001-4000tk,
27.6% people incoming 4001-5000tk and 3.8% people
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14
incoming less than 2000 tk. On the other hand, only 14.6% of households had the
income greater than tk.5000.
Table 2.5: Household monthly income pattern of Dhaka (percentage of

households)
Income range
<2000 2001-
(tk.)
3000
3001-
4001-
4000
5000
>5000
Total
Househo
ld
% of household
3.8
19.6
34.5
27.6
14.6
637883
Source: Slum of Urban-Bangladesh, Mapping and Census 2005 by CUS
The rate of expenditure in poor households is low because they earn little. Study
shows a 10*10 room costs about tk.1000 or more. They also need to pay bills for
electricity, water and gas. Electricity cost is considered as 150-200 taka per point.
Water cost is about 5-10 taka for every 10 liter water pitcher and if it is water tap, the
cost is fixed as 150-200 taka per tap for a month. So, it can be said that, a greater
proportion of their earning goes in rent and paying bills and the rest they spend for
food. They never have extra money to buy anything apart from their absolute needs.
Still sometimes halfway through month they face shortage of money and are forced to
borrow money from others or foods from shops, which just adds to their burden.
`
15
2.6.5 ASSETS OF SLUM DWELLERS

The people of urban slum have low cost household assets. Due to their low level of
income they cannot afford better things or assets for their living conditions. The
average market value of the assets of poor households is 7254.24Tk (Previous thesis
report). But there is a wide difference among poor households in terms of the market
value of household assets. In most of the households there are a few low cost goods
which are essential for urban living such as- low quality beds in their houses (while in
some households the poor sleep on the ground). The value of these beds is generally
low. In most of the households, there are low cost cooking utensils with an average
value is 1034.8Tk. Only a very few have some low cost furniture in their households.
The rate of people who can afford their own television and radio/tape recorder in their
households is very low. The slum residents do not owe any means of entertainment or
better life standard. Studies show that the slum people usually buy second hand things
at low cost and organize those things by themselves. Many of slum houses have
sewing machines which also help them to save and earn some extra money.
2.6.6 FOOD CONSUMPTION RATE:

The food system in Bangladesh is rapidly changing. Changes are taking place in the
patterns of consumption and expenditure in urban and rural areas in terms of:
Market purchases versus own production;
The commodity base of diets;
A long term tendency towards a growing role of international trade in food

commodities, and hence greater influence of trade policies and international
prices on domestic prices;
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16
More processing of food commodities outside the immediate producing or

consuming households
The expansion of the retail sector. These latter developments may be

providing substantial growth in income opportunities for poorer households as
processors and traders. Also changes in the food system are expected to have
important nutritional implications for the general population, particularly for
the poor.
Given their reliance on food purchases as well as facing higher costs urban
households are more vulnerable to food price increases. In light of the recent food
price crisis, policy makers need to take a stronger urban focus. Poverty is often deeper
or more widespread in rural areas, disproportionate attention to rural dwellers is
probably misplaced: while rural dwellers are net food producers (and where they sell
additional crops or livestock, may actually benefit from price increases), the urban
poor are net purchasers of food, and food purchases account for the majority of their
expenditures.
The urban poor are far away from having a proper meal a day let alone healthy one.
They buy food items like rice, cereals, lentils, potatoes and vegetables at a low cost
from retail shops located in their neighborhoods. They mostly consume rice with
lentils, potatoes or vegetables, as these are relatively cheap. The vegetables they eat
are mostly leftovers in the markets or stale ones and lentils might have some insects in
them. They just wash them before cooking and dont bother about the food value in
them. The average intake of expensive items like meat or fish, milk and fruit are very
rare. In short, the urban poor mainly avoid expensive goods. These higher cost of
living means that national poverty lines underestimate the extent of urban poverty.
`
17
2.6.7 LITERACY SCENARIO

Literacy refers to the ability to write a letter. The highest literacy level of the slum
people is generally secondary school certified. According to the Slum Census Report
1997 the literacy rate of slum population was 14.35%. Usually the garments workers
and mechanics are a little bit educated. For others being able to signature own name is
quite enough. But during the recent years a rapid development of educational system
throughout the whole country has carried some significant changes toward the slum
areas also. Many of the illiterate parents have started sending their children to primary
schools near the slum area. But some people do not recognize the necessity to send
their children to school because of being poor, illiterate and need of more earning by
way of child employment. And that is why it is seen that when children of the city are
found going to the schools, slum children are found collecting waste papers, dry
leaves and wood pieces from the road side. So there is a very few possibilities of
education access to slum areas till now and this no access to education means, the
poor will in turn become poorer and thus poverty of one generation will be transferred
to the next generation.
2.6.8 HEALTH CONDITION IN SLUMS
The slum dwellers are bound to live in a place which is environmentally not good.
The poor environmental conditions are mainly responsible for various diseases in the
urban slums. Children and women in slums frequently suffer some form of
malnutrition, such as- low birth weight, wasting, underweight, iodine deficiency and
anemia. Levels of malnutrition among infants living in the slums are much higher
than those in the rural areas. In urban slums, most of the parents receive either
`
18
incorrect or no information about proper feeding practices to their children. This lack
of information contributes to high infant and child mortality rates. Studies have shown
that while mothers living in slums often have a poor absorption of nutrition.
According to a study by the International Centre for Diarrhea Disease Research,
Bangladesh (ICDDR, B) 90% of respondents sometimes experience hunger and
only 10% said never. When slum dwellers were asked whether their family ate a
balanced, nutritious diet, 94% responded in the negative. In Bangladesh, 41% of
children fewer than five years are moderately or severely suffer underweight and
43.2% suffer from moderate or severe stunting, which is an indicator of chronic
malnutrition, as per the recent Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey (BDHS).
So it can be said that the overall scenario of urban slum is not healthy and not in a
standard condition compared to general urban society and even rural area. Huge
number of major problems and strong disabilities are associated with the slum
conditions and environment both socially and economically. However, the slum
people cope with these adverse situations having adopted different strategies in their
households. They adopt different strategies through their household to survive in the
city as they have limited access to the existing economic and social systems.
Moreover, some government organizations and NGOs have been working together for
decades to achieve a standard of living condition of the slum dwellers, but as a whole
the result is not still satisfactory.
`
19
Figure 2.2 shows the slums of Dhaka metropolitan area in the year 2005.
SLUMS OF DHAKA METROPOLITAN AREA,2005
UTT ARA
KH ILKH ET
M IR P U R
BAN ANI
KAR AIL
BAD DA
GU L SH A N
MOHAMM ADPUR
RAMPUR A
D H AN M O N D I
H AZ AR IB AG
AR
an
ga
AB
ig
iv
TR
ur
JA
KAM LAP U R
er
Union Boundary
Water Body
DCC Boundary
Water Body
DMP Boundary
Slum area.shp
E
S
Source: Slum of urban Bangladesh, Mapping and Census 2005 by CUS

Figure 2.2: Slums of Dhaka metropolitan area, 2005
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20
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
3.1 SITE SELECTION AND CHARACTERISTICS

A case study methodology is conducted to examine the general environmental
scenario of 26 slums of Dhaka, megacity of Bangladesh between 2011 and 2012.
Though slums under the study were chosen randomly from different study reports,
most of the selected slums are located in Mirpur because Mirpur is the most populous
area of Dhaka city. Some of these slums are very old but most of them are relatively
new or temporary settlement. These slums grow with the availability of work in
nearby areas i.e. places near bus stand or garments factory. This research design was
used in order to shed light on the unique characteristics of different slum locations,
their population, environmental condition, water supply condition, sanitation system,
waste disposal side and moreover their total living condition. A field survey
conducted on the slums of Dhaka city revealed that lack of municipal services like
water, sanitation and waste disposal facilities make these areas almost unfit for human
settlement. The names and area of the slums are given in Table 3.1.
Table 3.1: List of the slums
No.
DCC
Name of
Name of area
Remarks
of
ward
Slum
slum
no.
Bhoran Bostee
Uttara
Previous report
Abdullahpur
Uttara
Previous report
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21
Bostee
3
Sluice Gate
Uttara, Sector-9
Field Survey
Pallabi, Mirpur-10
Field survey
Pallabi, Mirpur
Field survey
Pallabi, Mirpur
Previous report
Rupnagor, Pallabi
Field survey
Mirpur
Previous report
Mirpur
Previous report
Mirpur-1
Field survey
Bostee
4
Paris Road
Bostee
Baonia Badh
Bostee
Duaripara
Bostee
Arambagh
Bostee
Shialbari
Bostee
Muktijoddha
Abason Bostee
10
Godara Ghat
Bostee
11
Diabari Bostee
Diabari
Previous report
12
10
Pora Bostee
Kallyanpur, Mirpur
Field survey
13
12
Kallyanpur
Kallyanpur, Mirpur
Previous report
Mirpur
Previous report
Karail, Gulshan
Previous report
Bostee
14
15
Bhasantek
Bostee
15
19
Karail Bostee
`
22
16
20
Karail Bangla
Gulshan
Field survey
Begunbari, Tejgaon
Previous report
Malibagh
Previous report
Karwan Bazar
Previous report
Agargaon
Previous report
Agargaon
Field survey
Adabor, Mohammadpur
Field survey
Mohammadpur
Field survey
Wall Bostee
17
22
Begunbari
Bostee
18
35
Malibagh
Bostee
19
39
Karwan Bazar
Bostee
20
41
Agargaon
Bostee
21
41
Agargaon
Bostee
22
43
Dhaka Udyan
Bostee
23
46
Bashbari
Bostee
24
46
Bosila Bostee
Mohammadpur
Previous report
25
46
Kaderiabad
Mohammadpur
Previous report
Rasel Square
Previous report
Bostee
26
51
Rasel Square
Bostee
`
23
3.2 DATA COLLECTION SYSTEM

A cross-sectional study design was used and 10 samples of around 7000 households
(confidence level 5%) were selected for collecting information. From the household, a
liable respondent was interviewed who was a resident of the selected household aged
18 years or above. Questionnaires were administered to the selected households to
obtain information on the available water sources, major source of drinking and
domestic water, whether drinking water was boiled, and the perceptions of possible
sources of water contamination in the area, method of human waste and solid waste
disposal, type of toilet and waste disposal or collection facility. Data of rest of the 16
slums has been taken from a thesis report previously done by another group of
department of Civil Engineering, AUST. A similar type of survey was conducted and
data were collected in the very same procedure. Questionnaires were processed
carefully in order to take notes on comments or suggestions made by respondents and
interviewees. Then these collected data, including the data provided were
accumulated and tests were conducted to statistically analyze the situation from
different perspectives. Results of the statistical analysis conclude the needs to improve
the
facilities
and
to
improve
inter-connection
between
non-governmental
organizations (NGO) and Dhaka City Corporation (DCC) in improving the overall
condition of the existing water, drainage, sewerage, and waste collection facilities.
A scaling system was developed for easy understanding of the scenario of these
slums. The scale ranges from 0 to 5; where zero stands for most vulnerable and 5
dictates better service facilities. An extensive preliminary investigation of 26 slums
was carried out. The research shows that approximately one-third of the city
population currently live in slums, developable land in the selected areas of the city
`
24
have undergone significant development and urbanization and rest of them is being
rapidly filled by slums.
Therefore the whole data processing consisted of sorting, editing and tabulation of
quantitative data.
The following flow-chart summarizes the research methodology that was followed for
this thesis:
Data/information
Collection and
Processing
Primary and
Secondary
Sources
Data
Tabulation and
Analysis
Data
Interpretation
Summarizing
Research
Findings
Figure3.1: Stages followed in research methodology
3.3 OBLIGATIONS IN DATA COLLECTION

The main problem faced while collecting data were that the dwellers answers were
unclear. They were not very sure of the amount of service they are getting or existing
facilities. The obtained answers varied from one person to another. Another problem
was about the total population living in respective slums. The primary information
was collected from different study reports but the dwellers living there were not able
to confirm that. Satellite images were very helpful in identifying slums and producing
maps but as those are very small areas and are visually obscured, so it was rather
difficult to determine the exact location of these slums.
`
25
3.4 DESCRIPTION OF STUDIED SLUMS

3.4.1 BHORAN SLUM
Bhoran slum is located near Hazir Mazar in Tongi, Uttara. People here are involved in
occupations like rickshaw pulling, worker in garments or industries and a very few
street hawkers. Their monthly income is between 4000tk 5000tk. The average
family member here is about 6-8 in each household.
Water borne diseases are acute among the dwellers here. People here mainly use
water from tube wells and a very few from DCC water tap which is far away from
most of the tenants home. Though they use tube well water but unhealthy
environment is the main reason behind their illness. Table 3.2 summarizes the
information and Figure 3.2 shows different scenarios about Bhoran Slum.
Table 3.2: About Bhoran Slum
Slum Name
Bhoran Slum
DCC ward No.
01
Number of Households
1300
Population
12000
Available Water Source
11
Sanitation Facility
30
Waste Disposal Site
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26
POPULATION SCENARIO
WATER SCENARIO
8
"
"
8
BHORAN
BOSTEE
BHORAN
BOSTEE
W ARD-1
WARD-1
1
1
6
2
15
17
15
5
3
7
10
16
11
20
41
21
17
3
7
18
14
8
"
255 01-1 300 00
W ard A rea
8
"
152 01-2 550 0
W ard B oun dary
12
13
38
42
40
37
45
22
39
44
16
11
20
24
49
25
35
50
53
34
27
48
52
57
69 70 74
67
65
68
66
71
"
8
250 1-55 00
Roa d
"
8
500 -250 0
25
35
52
53
34
33
36
57
87
>1 02
W ard A rea
8
"
63-1 02
W ard B oun dary
27
8
"
33-6 2
W at er B od y
"
8
13-3 2
Roa d
"
8
3-12
28
56
29
32
62
31
30
69
70 74
61 64
60
67
68
65 66
77
76
72 78
80
73
79 81
85
75
71
88
83
8
"
24
49
58
63
86
81
82
23
59
84
80
79
26
55
85
75
77 76
72 78
73
22
54
51
47
50
31
30
63
61 64
W at er B od y
37
39
44
48
29
32
62
59
60
550 1-15 200
40
45
46
28
33
36
56
58
8
"
21
38
42
23
54
51
47
43
26
55
19
10
41
43
46
LEGEND
13
19
18
14
12
LEGEND
84
86
87
82
90
88
89
83
90
89
SANITATION SCENARIO
WASTE MANAGEMENT SCENARIO
"
8
"
8
BHORAN
BOSTEE
BHORAN
BOSTEE
WARD-1
WARD-1
1
1
6
2
15
17
15
5
8
4
18
14
10
17
8
3
7
16
11
20
41
21
12
8
"
>2 39
W ard A rea
8
"
144 -239
W ard B oun dary
8
"
72-1 43
W at er B od y
13
19
10
16
11
20
41
43
38
42
46
40
22
37
45
39
44
26
55
49
52
53
58
57
25
34
36
33
32 31
62
63
61 64
65 66
21
38
27
40
46
39
44
26
55
23
24
"
8
24-7 1
"
8
12-2 3
Roa d
58
57
36
W ard B oun dary
8
"
16-2 3
W at er B od y
"
8
8-15
Roa d
"
8
0-7
29
32
62
31
30
63
60
69
61 64
67
65
87
27
28
33
56
59
85
86
24-3 1
53
34
52
84
W ard A rea
8
"
25
35
50
82
66
68
70 74
85
75
71
77
76
72 78
80
73
79 81
84
86
87
88
83
54
51
49
48
29
75
32-4 0
22
37
45
47
28
30
69 70 74
67 68 71
77
76
72 78
80
73
79 81
8
"
42
56
59
60
43
24
35
50
23
54
51
47
48
LEGEND
18
14
13
19
LEGEND
3
7
12
82
88
90
89
83
90
89
Figure 3.2: Different scenarios of Bhoran Slum
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27
3.4.2 ABULLAHPUR SLUM

Abdullahpur slum is situated in one of the low cost area of Dhaka city in the bank of
Turagh River near the Abdullahpur Bridge. Almost 75% inhabitants of this slum live
in vulnerable condition. More than 50% tenants here are garments workers and only a
few are rickshaw puller or street hawker. Their average income per month is between
5000tk-7000tk and like other slums their income is not enough compared to their
needs.
Water supply and sanitation facilities are very poor in this slum. Though DWASA
supplies water here but still they mostly depend on nearby water bodies. Dustbins are
nowhere to be seen here. It is very unfortunate that this slum is deprived of basic
facilities provided by DCC, NGOs or other associations. Table 3.3 summarizes the
information and Figure 3.3 shows different scenarios about Abdullahpur Slum.
Table 3.3: About Abdullahpur Slum
Slum Name
Abdullahpur Slum
DCC ward No.
01
400
Population
2500
Sanitation Facility
20
Waste Disposal Site
`
28
POPULATION SCENARIO
WATER SCENARIO
"
8
"
8
ABDULLAHPUR
BOSTEE
ABDULLAHPUR
BOSTEE
WARD-1
WARD-1
15
15
5
3
7
12
16
11
20
41
43
40
45
37
22
39
44
24
49
25
35
50
52
255 01-1 300 00
W ard A rea
8
"
152 01-2 550 0
W ard B oun dary
10
53
41
8
"
550 1-15 200
W at er B od y
"
8
250 1-55 00
Roa d
"
8
500 -250 0
37
68
66
58
8
"
W ard B oun dary
8
"
33-6 2
W at er B od y
"
8
13-3 2
Roa d
"
8
3-12
27
28
33
36
29
32
31
30
63
61 64
69
67
65
66
70 74
68
71
84
86
87
82
80
73
79
85
75
77 76
72 78
81
86
81
87
82
88
83 90
W ard A rea
63-1 02
25
34
57
62
60
84
>1 02
24
59
85
75
71
77 76
72 78
80
73
8
"
23
35
53
56
31
70 74
79
26
55
54
50
30
69
67
65
22
39
51
49
52
29
32
40
45
44
47
27
28
33
36
56
63
61 64
21
20
38
42
48
34
57
62
59
60
LEGEND
16
11
43
46
23
48
58
8
"
19
26
55
54
51
18
13
21
38
42
47
4
14
18
13
19
10
LEGEND
4
14
46
17
17
5
3
7
12
88
83
90
89
89
SANITATION SCENARIO
"
8
"
8
ABDULLAHPUR
BOSTEE
ABDULLAHPUR
BOSTEE
WARD-1
WARD-1
15
15
17
17
5
3
7
12
LEGEND
13
16
11
13
19
10
16
11
20
41
20
41
43
21
38
42
40
46
22
37
45
39
44
49
23
24
25
35
50
53
34
57
36
29
32
62
63
67
66
39
68
70 74
75
71
77 76
72 78
80
73
79 81
85
84
72-1 43
W at er B od y
"
8
24-7 1
Roa d
88
83
90
"
8
12-2 3
23
24
49
25
35
50
53
34
48
58
57
36
33
32 31
62
32-4 0
W ard A rea
8
"
24-3 1
28
W ard B oun dary
8
"
16-2 3
W at er B od y
66
69
67
68
"
8
8-15
Roa d
"
8
0-7
29
30
63
61 64
65
27
56
59
60
86
87
82
26
55
54
51
47
8
"
22
37
45
44
30
69
61 64
65
40
W ard B oun dary
8
"
31
59
60
144 -239
21
38
42
46
52
28
33
56
58
8
"
43
W ard A rea
27
48
52
>2 39
26
55
54
51
47
8
"
LEGEND
18
14
18
19
10
4
14
12
70
74
75
71
77 76
72 78
80
73
79 81
85
84
88
83
86
87
82
90
89
89
Figure 3.3: Different scenarios of Abdullahpur Slum
`
29
3.4.3 SLUICE GATE SLUM

This slum is situated beside the Ashulia Road and at the end of the sector 9 and sector
10 of Uttara Model Town. Most of the tenants are garments workers or rickshaw
pullers or day laborers. Their average income per month is between 5000tk-7000tk.
The house rent is 1000tk-100tk. They do not have electricity and gas supply. There
are only & tube-wells supplied by DWASA which are not sufficient. People face
problems while collecting water because the supplies are at quite distances from their
house. People use hanging latrines by which the lake is getting polluted. There are 5
community latrines (3tk per use) but usually people do not like to use latrines by
means of cost. Though sector community collects the waste, people throw wastages
on the open spaces. This slum is deprived of facilities provided by DCC, NGOs or
other associations. Table 3.4 summarizes the information and Figure 3.4 shows
different scenarios about Sluice Gate Slum.
Table 3.4: About Sluice Gate Slum
Slum Name
Sluice Gate Slum
DCC ward No.
01
1600
Population
10000
Sanitation Facility
12
Waste Disposal Site
12
`
30
POPULATION SCENARIO
W ARD-1
WATER SCENARIO
W ARD-1
"
8
SLUICE GATE
BOSTEE
2
15
17
15
5
8
LEGEND
18
14
13
19
10
8
"
21
38
40
10
39
26
55
24
49
25
35
50
52
8
"
23
54
51
47
34
57
27
28
33
36
56
58
69
67
152 01-2 550 0
W ard B oun dary
70 74
68
40
77
76
72 78
80
73
79 81
22
37
45
39
44
26
55
23
54
51
47
8
"
550 1-15 200
W at er B od y
"
8
250 1-55 00
Roa d
86
"
8
82
34
27
52
57
28
W ard A rea
8
"
63-1 02
W ard B oun dary
8
"
33-6 2
W at er B od y
"
8
13-3 2
Roa d
"
8
3-12
33
36
56
29
32
62
31
30
63
61 64
60
69
67
65
66
70 74
68
500 -250 0
85
75
71
77 76
72 78
80
73
79 81
84
86
87
82
88
88
83 90
>1 02
25
35
53
59
84
87
8
"
24
49
48
58
85
75
71
21
38
42
46
31
30
63
61 64
65 66
20
43
29
32
62
59
60
W ard A rea
50
53
48
LEGEND
16
11
41
255 01-1 300 00
22
37
45
44
18
13
19
20
41
42
4
14
12
16
11
43
46
17
12
"
8
SLUICE GATE
BOSTEE
90
83
89
89
SANITATION SCENARIO
WARD-1
WARD-1
SLUICE GATE
BOSTEE
"
8
"
8
SLUICE GATE
BOSTEE
6
2
6
15
17
15
3
7
16
11
20
41
43
40
8
"
22
37
45
39
44
LEGEND
55
49
52
57
25
34
60
36
33
32 31
61 64
65 66
16
11
144 -239
69 70
74
40
W ard B oun dary
46
26
55
23
54
51
24
49
52
72-1 43
W at er B od y
58
53
34
57
36
33
"
8
24-7 1
"
8
12-2 3
86
88
Roa d
60
32
W ard A rea
8
"
24-3 1
W ard B oun dary
8
"
16-2 3
W at er B od y
63
61 64
69 70 74
67
66
68
85
75
71
77 76
72 78
80
73
79 81
"
8
8-15
Roa d
"
8
0-7
84
86
87
82
89
29
31
30
65
27
28
56
62
85
84
87
90
32-4 0
25
35
50
59
82
83
39
44
48
8
"
8
"
22
37
45
47
28
29
75
21
38
42
30
67 68 71
77
76
72 78
80
73
79 81
20
43
W ard A rea
27
56
62
59
63
8
"
24
53
48
58
10
41
>2 39
23
35
50
13
19
26
54
51
47
12
21
38
42
46
18
14
LEGEND
13
19
10
18
14
12
17
83
88
90
89
Figure 3.4: Different scenarios of Sluice Gate Slum
`
31
3.4.4 PARIS ROAD SLUM

The slum is located near the Benaroshi Palli of Mirpur-10. Most of the people living
here earn their livelihood by working at Benaroshi Palli, others are garments workers
or rickshaw pullers or street hawkers. The house rent is 1000tk-1200tk. They pay
electricity bill as 200tk per light or fan. They also have gas supply. They live under
better condition than other slums dwellers. There are 30 metered DWASA connection
and about 100 tap supplies. The community agents come to take the wastages. They
also have a dustbin and throw wastages on the open spaces less than others. The road
beside the slum is quite clean. However they do not have any communal latrines.
Table 3.5 summarizes the information and Figure 3.5 shows different scenarios about
Paris Road Slum.
Table 3.5: About Paris Road Slum
Slum Name
Paris Road Slum
DCC ward No.
03
6000
Population
28000
42
Sanitation Facility
80
Waste Disposal Site
`
32
POPULATION SCENARIO
WATER SCENARIO
8
"
8
"
PARIS ROAD BOSTEE
PARIS ROAD BOSTEE
WARD- 3
2
15
15
17
3
7
18
14
16
11
20
41
43
40
45
47
55
34
"
8
27
28
33
36
29
32
"
8
31
30
63
69
61 64
65
67
70
68
66
74
71
W at er B od y
250 1-55 00
Roa d
40
45
55
23
49
24
25
35
50
53
34
48
52
58
59
57
87
29
89
W ard B oun dary
33-6 2
W at er B od y
"
8
13-3 2
Roa d
"
8
3-12
30
85
84
86
87
82
88
63-1 02
8
"
27
32 31
62
82
90
W ard A rea
8
"
28
33
36
56
63 69 70
74 75
61 64
60
67 6871 77
65 66
76
72 78
80
73
79 81
86
83
26
54
51
81
79
21
22
37
39
84
76
80
73
44
47
500 -250 0
>1 02
38
42
85
75
77
72 78
20
43
56
62
59
60
550 1-15 200
8
"
16
11
25
35
58
W ard B oun dary
24
53
57
152 01-2 550 0
8
"
23
49
50
8
"
10
41
48
52
8
"
W ard A rea
46
26
54
51
18
19
255 01-1 300 00
22
37
39
44
LEGEND
4
14
13
21
38
42
46
12
13
19
10
LEGEND
12
17
5
8
88
90
83
89
SANITATION SCENARIO
"
8
8
"
PARIS ROAD BOSTEE
PARIS ROAD BOSTEE
2
15
15
17
8
16
11
20
41
43
40
37
45
26
23
52
34
W at er B od y
70
61 64
67
66
68
74
71
72
"
8
27
"
8
31
46
40
79
24-7 1
Roa d
12-2 3
8
"
32-4 0
W ard A rea
8
"
24-3 1
W ard B oun dary
8
"
16-2 3
W at er B od y
"
8
8-15
Roa d
"
8
0-7
23
24
25
35
52
58
34
57
56
29
32
62
85
60
67
66
31
30
69
70
61 64
65
27
28
33
36
59
68
74
71
72
85
75
77
78
76
84
80
73
79
81
86
81
87
87
82
88
83
26
55
54
53
48
86
82
22
39
51
50
84
76
80
21
37
45
44
63
75
77
78
73
20
38
42
49
30
69
16
11
43
47
29
32
63
65
72-1 43
LEGEND
19
10
56
62
59
60
8
"
28
33
36
57
W ard B oun dary
25
53
48
58
W ard A rea
144 -239
24
35
50
>2 39
8
"
22
55
54
51
49
8
"
41
39
44
47
18
13
21
38
42
4
14
12
13
19
10
18
14
12
LEGEND
3
7
46
17
5
8
90
89
83
88
90
89
E
S
Figure 3.5: Different scenarios of Paris Road Slum
`
33
3.4.5 BAONIA BADH SLUM

Though slum is never a good place to lead life, the situation is less bad in this slum.
Some NGOs and other organizations have provided some services and developed the
roads and waste disposal system. Therefore, environment here is more comfortable.
More importantly people here are conscious about their surroundings. Here most
people work in the Benaroshi Palli or work as housemaids or earn by rickshaw
pulling. They pay house rents, electricity bills to live here to the land lords. People
here do not have the best of everything but are quite happy about their current
situation. Table 3.6 summarizes the information and Figure 3.6 shows different
scenarios about Baonia Badh Slum.
Table 3.6: About Baonia Badh Slum
Slum Name
Baonia Badh Slum
DCC ward No.
05
10000
Population
50000
1002
Sanitation Facility
1000
Waste Disposal Site
`
34
POPULATION SCENARIO
WATER SCENARIO
8
"
8
"
BAONIA BADH BOSTEE
BAONIA BADH BOSTEE
WARD- 5
LEGEND
6
2
15
17
5
8
8
"
255 01-1 300 00
W ard A rea
8
"
152 01-2 550 0
W ard B oun dary
15
19
10
11
20
41
43
44
40
45
550 1-15 200
W at er B od y
12
55
49
52
57
65 66
21
37
39
44
55
24
58
59
53
69 70 74
75
71
68
77 76
72 78
80
73
79
57
34
85
84
86
87
88
83
90
W ard A rea
8
"
63-1 02
W ard B oun dary
8
"
33-6 2
W at er B od y
"
8
13-3 2
Roa d
"
8
3-12
32 31 29
30
62
81
82
27
28
33
36
56
63 69
70 74 75
60 61 64 67 71
68
77
65 66
76
72 78
80
73
79 81
30
67
25
35
50
52
26
23
54
51
49
22
48
29
>1 02
38
40
45
46
27
28
32 31
63
61 64
60
20
41
42
25
33
36
56
Roa d
47
34
62
59
500 -250 0
8
"
16
24
53
48
58
250 1-55 00
"
8
13
11
26
35
50
"
8
10
43
23
54
51
47
18
19
22
37
39
4
14
21
38
42
46
LEGEND
3
7
13
16
17
8
"
18
14
12
84
86
87
82
85
88
83 90
89
89
E
S
SANITATION SCENARIO
8
"
"
8
BAONIA BADH BOSTEE
BAONIA BADH BOSTEE
2
15
17
5
8
15
3
7
10
20
41
43
46
44
40
45
21
49
53
52
59
57
62
60
63
61 64
56
8
"
>2 39
W ard A rea
8
"
144 -239
W ard B oun dary
8
"
72-1 43
W at er B od y
24-7 1
Roa d
10
20
41
46
25
34
36 33
27
28
"
8
32 31 29
30
69 70 74
75
67 68 71 77
65 66
76
72 78
80
73
79 81
82
83
85
"
8
84
40
21
45
39
44
58
12-2 3
26
24
53
57
63
61 64
65 66
56
34
36 33
32
62
60
88
W ard A rea
8
"
24-3 1
W ard B oun dary
8
"
16-2 3
W at er B od y
"
8
8-15
Roa d
"
8
0-7
23
35
50
59
55
54
51
49
52
86
89
22
37
48
87
90
32-4 0
38
42
47
8
"
16
11
43
24
35
50
58
26
23
54
51
47
55
48
18
13
22
37
39
4
14
12
19
38
42
LEGEND
16
11
LEGEND
8
18
13
19
17
5
4
14
12
25
27
28
29
31
30
69 70 74
75
67 68 71 77
76
72 78
80
73
79 81
82
83
85
84
86
87
88
90
89
E
S
Figure 3.6: Different scenarios of Baonia Badh Slum
`
35
3.4.6 DUARIPARA SLUM

It is another slum in Mirpur. Like other slum of Mirpur it has got water problems.
There are small water bodies nearby but they are so polluted that they cant use them.
Moreover shallow tube wells are not also safe for drinking purposes. So there is
always queue in water collection spot from dawn to dusk. Sometimes they even
quarrel about who came first, who came second or who take more, who take less.
Living in problems 24*7 has depressed them so much that they curse and fight over
every petty issue.
The slum is quite dirty both from inside and outside. There is only one dustbin in site
which is bulging with garbage but the authority doesnt even bother to think about
cleaning it. Table 3.7 summarizes the information and Figure 3.7 shows different
scenarios about Duaripara Slum.
Table 3.7: About Duaripara Slum
Slum Name
Duaripara Slum
DCC ward No.
06
4000
Population
20000
15
Sanitation Facility
35
Waste Disposal Site
`
36
POPULATION SCENARIO
WATER SCENARIO
W ARD-6
WARD-6
1
DUARIPARA
BOSTEE
8
"
2
15
"
8
17
15
17
18
14
12
DUARIPARA
BOSTEE
18
14
13
12
13
19
10
19
16
11
10
20
41
43
40
37
45
44
55
49
23
25
53
34
48
52
57
58
8
"
28
29
32 31
W ard A rea
152 01-2 550 0
40
44
69
67
65 66
68
70 74
71
85
77 76
72 78
80
73
79 81
39
55
47
84
W at er B od y
"
8
250 1-55 00
Roa d
"
8
500 -250 0
53
88
90
83
89
52
27
28
33
36
57
56
31
30
63
61 64
69
67
66
68
70 74
71
72 78
85
75
77 76
>1 02
W ard A rea
8
"
63-1 02
W ard B oun dary
8
"
33-6 2
W at er B od y
"
8
13-3 2
Roa d
"
8
3-12
84
80
73
8
"
29
32
62
60
34
48
65
86
87
82
25
35
50
59
550 1-15 200
24
49
W ard B oun dary
8
"
26
23
54
51
58
75
LEGEND
22
37
45
30
63
61 64
60
255 01-1 300 00
21
38
42
27
33
36
56
62
59
8
"
24
35
50
43
46
26
54
51
20
41
LEGEND
22
39
47
16
11
21
38
42
46
79
86
81
87
82
88
90
83
89
E
S
SANITATION SCENARIO
WARD-6
WARD-6
1
15
17
15
3
7
12
18
14
13
19
13
10
19
16
11
16
11
44
21
37
45
39
54
52
25
34
60
65
67
66
68
70 74
71
72 78
79
24
53
25
34
27
8
"
144 -239
W ard B oun dary
58
85
86
81
82
83
8
"
72-1 43
W at er B od y
"
8
24-7 1
Roa d
"
8
12-2 3
84
80
56
32 31
62
60
63
61 64
65
66
68
71
74
89
29
W ard A rea
8
"
24-3 1
W ard B oun dary
8
"
16-2 3
W at er B od y
"
8
8-15
Roa d
"
8
0-7
85
75
77 76
84
72 78
80
73
79 81
86
87
82
88
83
88
32-4 0
30
69 70
67
87
90
8
"
28
33
36
57
59
75
77 76
73
26
23
35
50
52
LEGEND
22
55
54
49
31
30
69
W ard A rea
21
37
39
51
47
29
32
59
63
61 64
27
28
33
36
56
62
>2 39
40
45
44
48
53
57
8
"
24
35
50
48
58
26
23
38
42
46
22
55
51
49
43
LEGEND
38
40
47
20
41
20
41
42
18
14
43
46
12
10
"
8
17
5
8
5
3
"
8
8
7
DUARIPARA
BOSTEE
DUARIPARA
BOSTEE
6
90
89
Figure 3.7: Different scenarios of Duaripara Slum
`
37
3.4.7 ARAMBAGH SLUM

The slum is located at the end of Rupnagor, Pallabi and beside the Ashulia-Mirpur
Lake. This is a low lying area. The area of the slum is not fixed; people illegally fill
the lake and build house on it. Therefore water bodies are decreasing day by day.
Moreover people throw wastages on the water bodies and thus the water bodies are so
polluted that people cannot use them. Sanitation condition is very bad in this slum.
Living problems are very high, therefore people curse and fight over every petty
issue. The slum is quite dirty both from inside and outside. The slum is completely
deprived from the facilities provided by different organizations. Table 3.8 summarizes
the information and Figure 3.8 shows different scenarios about Arambagh Slum.
Table 3.8: About Arambagh Slum
Slum Name
Arambagh Slum
DCC ward No.
06
5000
Population
30000
200
Sanitation Facility
520
Waste Disposal Site
`
38
POPULATION SCENARIO
WATER SCENARIO
8
"
8
"
ARAMBAGH
BOSTEE
ARAMBAGH
BOSTEE
WARD-6
WARD-6
1
2
15
17
2
15
17
3
7
8
3
18
14
12
13
19
18
14
12
10
13
16
11
16
11
43
20
41
38
42
40
45
44
26
55
49
24
53
52
57
34
58
56
32 31
62
59
63
61 64
60
27
65 66
255 01-1 300 00
50
25
53
34
52
W ard A rea
8
"
152 01-2 550 0
W ard B oun dary
56
29
32
62
8
"
550 1-15 200
W at er B od y
"
8
250 1-55 00
Roa d
"
8
500 -250 0
60
86
88
28
33
36
57
58
>1 02
W ard A rea
8
"
63-1 02
W ard B oun dary
8
"
33-6 2
W at er B od y
"
8
13-3 2
Roa d
"
8
3-12
31
30
63
61 64
8
"
27
48
65
85
84
87
83
24
35
30
82
23
49
59
29
69 70 74
75
67 68 71
77
76
72 78
80
73
79 81
LEGEND
26
55
54
51
47
22
37
39
28
33
36
8
"
25
35
50
48
40
45
44
23
54
51
47
LEGEND
22
37
39
21
38
42
21
46
43
46
20
41
19
10
69 70 74
75
67 68 71
77
66
76
72 78
80
73
79 81
85
84
86
87
82
88
90
83
89
90
89
SANITATION SCENARIO
"
8
8
"
ARAMBAGH
BOSTEE
ARAMBAGH
BOSTEE
W ARD-6
WARD-6
1
15
15
5
8
3
12
13
13
19
19
10
18
14
18
14
20
41
40
45
55
47
24
49
25
35
50
53
34
27
48
52
58
57
36
33
32 31
59
63
61 64
>2 39
144 -239
20
W ard B oun dary
40
8
"
39
55
49
86
"
8
24-7 1
"
8
12-2 3
87
88
89
53
52
60
25
34
27
48
W at er B od y
Roa d
24
35
50
57
36
33
28
56
32 31
62
69 70
74 75
71
68
77
76
72 78
80
73
79 81
67
82
32-4 0
W ard A rea
8
"
24-3 1
85
W ard B oun dary
8
"
16-2 3
W at er B od y
"
8
8-15
Roa d
"
8
0-7
84
86
87
88
83
8
"
29
30
63
61 64
65 66
90
26
23
54
51
59
72-1 43
LEGEND
22
37
45
58
85
21
38
44
47
84
82
83
W ard A rea
29
30
69 70 74
75
71
68
77 76
72 78
80
73
79 81
67
65 66
8
"
28
56
62
60
8
"
23
54
51
16
42
46
26
11
43
22
37
39
44
41
LEGEND
21
38
42
10
16
11
43
46
12
17
17
5
8
90
89
E
S
Figure 3.8: Different scenarios of Arambagh Slum

`
39
3.4.8 SHIALBARI SLUM

It is another slum in Mirpur. Though there is lesser no. of waste disposal site but still
the slum is pretty clean. Like other slum dwellers in Mirpur, here most people work in
garments factories. Young girls are often harassed on their way to factories by local
mustangs and by supervisors in factories. They are not paid well compared to the job
they do. Their parents cant even stop sending them there because it is a good income
source to run their household and dont dare to say anything to these mustangs as the
consequences of that will be much worse.
Dwellers here get water from tube wells placed inside slums or from DWASA water
taps which is a bit far for some but accessible. Their sanitation system is not totally
worse but improvement might make their life better. Table 3.9 summarizes the
information and Figure 3.9 shows different scenarios about Shialbari Slum.
Table 3.9: About Shialbari Slum
Slum Name
Shialbari Slum
DCC ward No.
07
5100
Population
25500
23
Sanitation Facility
30
Waste Disposal Site
`
40
POPULATION SCENARIO
WATER SCENARIO
8
"
"
8
SHIALBARI
BOSTEE
SHIALBARI
BOSTEE
WARD-7
WARD-7
6
2
15
17
15
8
3
17
8
3
18
14
12
13
19
10
18
14
12
16
11
13
19
20
41
43
21
40
37
45
26
55
24
49
53
34
27
48
52
58
59
20
41
W ard A rea
8
"
29
32 31
69 70
74 75
61 64
60
67
71
68
77 76
65 66
72 78
80
73
79 81
8
"
84
W ard B oun dary
87
88
24
25
35
53
52
34
W at er B od y
29
32
"
8
250 1-55 00
"
8
500 -250 0
Roa d
63
61 64
60
31
30
69
67
65
8
"
>1 02
W ard A rea
8
"
63-1 02
W ard B oun dary
8
"
33-6 2
W at er B od y
"
8
13-3 2
R oa d
"
8
3-12
56
68
66
70 74
71
72 78
85
75
77 76
84
80
73
79
86
81
90
83
27
28
33
36
57
62
59
550 1-15 200
86
82
23
49
48
152 01-2 550 0
LEGEND
26
55
54
51
47
58
85
22
37
39
44
30
63
21
38
40
45
46
50
56
62
255 01-1 300 00
16
11
42
28
33
36
57
8
"
25
35
50
43
23
54
51
LEGEND
22
39
44
47
10
38
42
46
82
89
87
88
83
90
89
SANITATION SCENARIO
"
8
"
8
SHIALBARI
BOSTEE
SHIALBARI
BOSTEE
WARD-7
WARD-7
15
15
17
8
3
12
13
13
19
19
10
18
14
18
14
20
41
40
45
LEGEND
49
24
25
53
34
48
52
57
67
65
66
68
70 74
71
72 78
27
77 76
8
"
144 -239
W ard B oun dary
8
"
72-1 43
W at er B od y
86
81
83
"
8
24-7 1
Roa d
"
8
12-2 3
LEGEND
22
26
55
23
54
24
49
25
35
50
52
53
34
57
29
32
65
89
66
68
70 74
71
72 78
85
75
77 76
79
32-4 0
W ard A rea
8
"
24-3 1
W ard B oun dary
8
"
16-2 3
W at er B od y
"
8
8-15
Roa d
"
8
0-7
31
30
69
67
73
84
80
86
81
82
88
90
63
61 64
8
"
27
28
33
36
56
62
60
87
82
21
37
39
51
59
84
80
79
20
38
40
45
44
58
85
75
73
W ard A rea
31
30
69
16
42
47
29
32
63
61 64
>2 39
48
28
33
36
56
62
59
60
8
"
23
35
50
58
46
26
55
54
51
47
43
22
37
39
44
11
41
21
38
42
10
16
11
43
46
12
17
5
8
83
87
88
90
89
E
S
Figure 3.9: Different scenarios of Shialbari Slum
`
41
3.4.9 MUKTIJODDHA ABASON SLUM

It is a slum in Mirpur. Though most of Mirpur slums are dirty and congested but this
slum is quite clean and service provided is satisfactory. Dwellers here get enough
water for their day to day need. Sanitation system is also okay but the latrines are not
very safe.
It was most surprising that there is no definite waste disposal site but the slum and its
surrounding area is rather clean. People there carry their waste to dispose in dustbin or
sometimes DCC vans collect them.
People there are much solvent and send their children to nearby government school.
There are a lot of garments factories in this area, so, most inhabitants here are
garments worker. They have to work for long hours to live a decent life. Table 3.10
summarizes the information and Figure 3.10 shows different scenarios about
Muktijoddha Abason Slum.
.
Table 3.10: About Muktijoddha Abason Slum
Slum Name
Muktijoddha Abason Slum
DCC ward No.
08
3500
Population
18000
30
Sanitation Facility
45
Waste Disposal Site
`
42
POPULATION SCENARIO
WATER SCENARIO
MUKTIJODDHA
ABASAON
BOSTEE
MUKTIJODDHA
ABASAON
BOSTEE
"
8
8
"
WAED - 8
W AED - 8
1
6
15
17
15
5
8
3
18
14
12
13
12
16
11
13
19
20
41
43
18
14
19
10
17
3
7
40
45
46
21
22
37
39
44
49
50
52
24
53
57
58
34
32
62
59
60
25
27
28
33
36
56
43
23
35
48
8
"
255 01-1 300 00
W ard A rea
8
"
152 01-2 550 0
W ard B oun dary
8
"
550 1-15 200
W at er B od y
40
23
54
24
52
53
250 1-55 00
8"
500 -250 0
R oa d
60
81
87
88
57
34
90
32 31
63
61 64
27
29
W ard A rea
8
"
63-1 02
W ard B oun dary
8
"
33-6 2
W at er B od y
"
8
13-3 2
Roa d
"
8
3-12
30
69 70
74
67
85
75
71
68
77
76
72 78
80
73
79 81
65 66
89
84
86
87
82
88
83
>1 02
28
33
36
56
62
8
"
25
35
50
59
"
8
86
LEGEND
26
55
51
49
58
84
83
39
47
85
82
21
22
37
45
44
48
30
69 70
74 75
71
67
68
77 76
65 66
72 78
80
73
20
38
42
46
29
31
63
61 64
79
16
11
41
26
55
54
51
47
10
LEGEND
38
42
90
89
E
S
SANITATION SCENARIO
MUKTIJODDHA
ABASAON
BOSTEE
MUKTIJODDHA
ABASAON
BOSTEE
"
8
"
8
W AED - 8
WAED - 8
1
2
15
2
15
17
17
8
3
5
7
3
7
12
13
18
14
12
18
14
19
13
10
16
11
19
10
20
41
43
43
21
40
45
55
54
51
47
26
23
49
25
35
50
52
53
58
57
34
36
56
32
62
59
60
33
63
61 64
65
67
66
68
70 74
8
"
>2 39
W ard A rea
8
"
144 -239
W ard B oun dary
85
75
8
"
72-1 43
W at er B od y
71
77
76
72 78
80
73
79 81
82
83
84
86
"
8
24-7 1
R oa d
87
88
"
8
21
39
49
LEGEND
22
37
26
55
23
54
51
24
25
35
50
53
34
27
48
52
58
59
29
31
30
69
45
27
28
40
44
47
24
48
46
LEGEND
22
37
39
44
38
42
38
42
46
20
41
16
11
60
57
63
61 64
65
36
33
66
29
31
30
69 70
74 75
67 68 71
77 76
72 78
80
73
79 81
82
83
12-2 3
28
32-4 0
W ard A rea
8
"
24-3 1
W ard B oun dary
8
"
16-2 3
W at er B od y
"
8
8-15
R oa d
"
8
0-7
56
32
62
8
"
85
84
86
87
88
90
89
90
89
E
S
Figure 3.10: Different scenarios of Muktijoddha Abason Slum

`
43
3.4.10 GODARA GHAT SLUM

It is another slum in Mirpur-1 which is also a low lying area. This slum is located at
the East side of the Zoo Lake. Most of the people are rickshaw puller or garments
workers. The living standard is below the standard. The water and sanitation facilities
are not sufficient according to the population. They use stolen electricity. The
environment both inside and outside of the slum is very dirty, people throw wastages
here and there. Most of the people live under poverty, so there are lots of crimes
inside the slum. Table 3.11 summarizes the information and Figure 3.11 shows
different scenarios about Godara Ghat Slum.
Table 3.11: About Godara Ghat Slum
Slum Name
Godara Ghat Slum
DCC ward No.
08
2500
Population
12000
19
Sanitation Facility
50
Waste Disposal Site
`
44
POPULATION SCENARIO
WATER SCENARIO
GODARA
GHAT 8"
BOSTEE
GODARA
GHAT "8
BOSTEE
WAED - 8
W AED - 8
1
2
15
15
17
8
3
3
7
18
14
12
17
5
8
18
14
12
13
13
19
19
10
16
11
40
45
46
51
47
49
24
53
34
48
52
57
58
8
"
30
69 70
74 75
71
67
68
77 76
65 66
72 78
80
73
79
W ard A rea
152 01-2 550 0
8
"
31
63
61 64
60
255 01-1 300 00
40
39
49
52
W at er B od y
59
85
84
60
"
8
250 1-55 00
86
87
"
8
88
32 31
62
63
61 64
29
67
85
75
71
68
77
76
72 78
80
73
79 81
W ard A rea
8
"
63-1 02
W ard B oun dary
8
"
33-6 2
84
86
W at er B od y
"
8
13-3 2
R oa d
"
8
3-12
87
82
89
88
83
27
30
69 70
74
500 -250 0
>1 02
28
56
65 66
90
83
34
33
36
8
"
25
53
57
R oa d
81
82
24
35
50
58
550 1-15 200
23
48
W ard B oun dary
LEGEND
26
55
54
51
47
22
37
45
44
29
32
62
59
27
28
33
36
56
8
"
25
21
38
42
46
23
35
50
43
26
55
54
20
41
LEGEND
22
37
39
44
16
11
21
38
42
10
20
41
43
90
89
E
S
SANITATION SCENARIO

GODARA
GHAT 8"
BOSTEE
GODARA
GHAT 8"
BOSTEE
W AED - 8
WAED - 8
1
1
6
6
15
15
17
3
7
18
14
12
18
14
13
19
13
19
10
16
11
16
11
20
41
20
41
43
21
43
40
45
55
26
23
24
49
25
35
50
53
34
48
52
58
57
36
56
60
33
32
62
59
63
61 64
65
67
66
68
70 74
8
"
>2 39
W ard A rea
8
"
144 -239
W ard B oun dary
45
8
"
72-1 43
W at er B od y
71
77
76
72 78
80
73
79 81
"
8
24-7 1
R oa d
82
83
49
52
58
86
87
88
"
8
23
24
25
35
53
60
57
34
36
33
27
62
29
31
30
63
61 64
69 70
74 75
67 68 71
77 76
66
72 78
80
73
79 81
82
12-2 3
83
90
28
8
"
32-4 0
W ard A rea
8
"
24-3 1
W ard B oun dary
8
"
16-2 3
W at er B od y
"
8
8-15
R oa d
"
8
0-7
56
32
65
84
LEGEND
26
55
54
50
59
85
21
22
37
39
51
48
29
31
75
40
44
27
28
30
69
46
47
54
51
47
LEGEND
22
37
39
44
38
42
38
42
46
12
10
17
5
8
5
3
85
84
86
87
88
90
89
89
E
S
Figure 3.11: Different scenarios of Godara Ghat Slum
`
45
3.4.11 DIABARI SLUM

It is a slum in Mirpur, though water is everywhere around the slum dwellers but they
couldnt use it, because that is way beyond worse. Here young kids suffer from
various water borne diseases and the rate of child death of various diseases are high.
Adults also suffer from these diseases but they do not have enough money to support
their family let alone afford treatment. Dwellers of this place buy water from local
water lords at a price of price of 2tk each pitcher. But their poor earning does not let
them purchase enough water according to their need. So sometimes for lack of money
their condition forces them to use water from shallow tube wells which is far away
and moreover unsafe.
There is no definite waste disposal site or more accurately the whole area looked like
a dumping site. Tenants throw their wastes where-ever they like and now heaps of
wastes are all over the slum. Table 3.12 summarizes the information and Figure 3.12
shows different scenarios about Diabari Slum.
Table 3.12: About Diabari Slum
Slum Name
Diabari Slum
DCC ward No.
09
2940
Population
15200
Sanitation Facility
50
Waste Disposal Site
`
46
POPULATION SCENARIO
WATER SCENARIO
"
8
8"
DIABARI
BOSTEE
DIABARI
BOSTEE
1
1
2
15
17
15
3
7
17
4
8
18
14
12
3
7
13
19
10
12
20
41
43
19
37
55
35
34
52
65
39
55
68
66
58
53
57
27
28
32 31
29
59
86
60
8
"
69 70 74
75
71
68
77 76
72 78
80
73
152 01-2 550 0
W ard B oun dary
550 1-15 200
W at er B od y
"
8
250 1-55 00
R oa d
"
8
500 -250 0
86
87
82
83
8
"
LEGEND
84
81
79
W ard A rea
8
"
85
67
89
255 01-1 300 00
30
63
61 64
65 66
LEGEND
88
90
83
34
33
36
56
62
84
87
82
25
35
50
52
85
75
77 76
72 78
80
73
79 81
26
24
49
48
30
70 74
71
23
54
51
47
29
32 31
69
67
22
37
45
56
63
61 64
60
40
44
27
28
33
36
57
62
59
21
38
46
25
48
58
43
42
24
53
20
41
26
23
54
50
16
11
22
39
51
49
10
40
45
44
47
13
21
38
42
46
18
14
16
11
88
90
8
"
>1 02
W ard A rea
8
"
63-1 02
W ard B oun dary
8
"
33-6 2
W at er B od y
"
8
13-3 2
R oa d
8"
3-12
89
W
S
SANITATION SCENARIO
"
8
"
8
DIABARI
BOSTEE
DIABARI
BOSTEE
6
15
17
15
5
3
12
18
14
13
12
19
10
18
14
17
13
19
16
11
20
41
10
21
16
11
20
41
43
46
38
42
40
45
37
43
22
39
44
25
35
53
34
48
52
58
59
36
57
33
40
61 64
66
55
49
69
70
68
74
77 76
72 78
80
73
79 81
58
LEGEND
84
57
33
36
27
90
8
"
>2 39
32 31
63
61 64
65 66
W ard A rea
68
70 74
71
72 78
144 -239
85
75
77 76
79
84
80
LEGEND
86
81
82
83
8
"
29
30
69
67
73
89
28
56
62
60
86
88
83
25
34
59
87
82
24
35
53
48
85
75
71
26
23
54
50
29
30
67
22
39
51
47
27
28
21
37
45
52
32 31
65
44
56
62
63
60
46
23
24
49
50
38
42
26
55
54
51
47
87
88
90
89
8
"
32-4 0
W ard A rea
8
"
24-3 1
W ard B oun dary
8
"
16-2 3
W at er B od y
"
8
8-15
R oa d
"
8
0-7
W ard B oun dary
8
"
72-1 43
W at er B od y
"
8
24-7 1
R oa d
"
8
12-2 3
E
S
Figure 3.12: Different scenarios of Diabari Slum
`
47
E
S
3.4.12 PORA SLUM

This slum is located on a Government owned place. People here illegally without
paying any house rent. People earn their livings by working as maids or street
hawkers or rickshaw pullers. There are no DWASA supplies. They use number of
water taps supplied illegally from the houses around. There is a dustbin near the slum
but people do not like to dispose waste at the dustbin, they throw wastes on the open
spaces. The sanitation facilities are also very bad. Most of the children do not go to
school. Table 3.13 summarizes the information and Figure 3.13 shows different
scenarios about Pora Slum.
Table 3.13: About Pora Slum
Slum Name
Pora Slum
DCC ward No.
10
5000
Population
30000
110
Sanitation Facility
210
Waste Disposal Site
`
48
POPULATION SCENARIO
WATER SCENARIO
8
"
8
"
PORA
BOSTEE
PORA
BOSTEE
W ARD - 10
WARD - 10
1
2
15
17
5
8
3
7
15
18
14
12
8
3
19
10
16
11
20
41
21
46
18
14
12
43
17
13
13
38
42
19
40
37
45
22
39
44
55
49
34
58
69 70 74
75
71
68
77 76
72 78
80
73
79 81
67
65
66
50
24
25
53
34
27
48
85
52
58
86
57
90
29
32
62
60
8
"
255 01-1 300 00
63
61 64
65
31
30
69
67
68
66
W ard A rea
70 74
71
72 78
89
28
33
36
56
59
LEGEND
88
83
23
35
84
87
82
26
55
54
49
30
63
61 64
21
22
37
39
51
47
31
59
40
45
44
29
32
20
38
42
56
62
60
16
11
46
27
28
33
36
43
25
53
57
41
24
35
50
52
10
26
23
54
51
47
48
152 01-2 550 0
W ard B oun dary
8
"
550 1-15 200
W at er B od y
"
8
250 1-55 00
R oa d
"
8
500 -250 0
LEGEND
84
80
79
86
81
87
82
83
8
"
85
75
77 76
73
88
90
8
"
>1 02
W ard A rea
8
"
63-1 02
W ard B oun dary
8
"
33-6 2
W at er B od y
"
8
13-3 2
R oa d
"
8
3-12
89
W
S
SANITATION SCENARIO
8
"
"
8
PORA
BOSTEE
PORA
BOSTEE
WARD - 10
W ARD - 10
2
15
17
15
3
4
18
14
12
10
12
13
19
16
11
10
9
20
41
43
37
39
25
35
53
34
52
60
57
52
29
32
58
31
59
30
65
66
69
67
68
70 74
71
85
75
77
72 78
73
79
76
LEGEND
84
80
86
60
87
88
83
23
24
35
53
90
8
"
>2 39
W ard A rea
8
"
144 -239
W ard B oun dary
72-1 43
W at er B od y
"
8
24-7 1
R oa d
"
8
12-2 3
29
32
63
61 64
66
31
30
69 70 74
75
71
68
77 76
72 78
80
73
79 81
67
85
84
LEGEN D
86
90
89
8
"
32-4 0
W ard A rea
8
"
24-3 1
W ard B oun dary
8
"
16-2 3
W at er B od y
"
8
8-15
R oa d
"
8
0-7
Figure 3.13: Different scenarios of Pora Slum
`
49
87
88
83
27
28
33
56
82
89
8
"
25
34
36
57
62
65
81
82
26
55
54
50
48
28
33
36
21
22
37
39
51
49
56
62
63
61 64
40
45
44
47
27
48
59
46
26
23
24
49
58
20
38
42
22
55
54
51
50
16
41
43
40
45
44
47
11
21
38
42
46
18
14
13
19
17
8
7
E
S
3.4.13 KALLYANPUR SLUM

This slum was situated centering a bazaar, as most of the dwellers here are small
vendors of this slum. Most middle aged women here work as housemaids, whereas
young girls work in garments factories. The slum is relatively bigger and was in a
rather bad shape.
But in recent years NGOs and the ward commissioner has taken different steps to
improve their situation. Now, most of them use sanitary latrines and use water from
DWASA. The no. of facilities might not be enough but the dwellers are pretty happy
now about their situation.
The DCC dustbin is situated just outside the slum. May be that is why the slum is
rather lean. DCC has appointed several young man and boys of this slum who collect
waste from houses of this ward. This in turn has influenced the slum dwellers to
dispose wastes in dustbins. As the slum is comparatively clean and dwellers use safe
water people here are less prone to disease. Table 3.14 summarizes the information
and Figure 3.14 shows different scenarios about Kallyanpur Slum.
Table 3.14: About Kallyanpur Slum
Slum Name
Kallyanpur Slum
DCC ward No.
12
15000
Population
100000
26
Sanitation Facility
34
Waste Disposal Site
3
`
50
POPULATION SCENARIO
WATER SCENARIO
KALLYANPUR
BOSTEE
KALLYANPUR
BOSTEE
"
8
8
"
WARD - 12
WARD - 12
15
15
17
8
3
18
14
18
14
12
12
13
19
13
19
10
17
5
8
10
16
11
16
11
20
41
20
41
43
43
40
45
55
23
25
35
50
53
34
52
57
58
65 66
68
28
LEGEND
31
70 74
75
71
77 76
72 78
80
73
79 81
85
84
58
86
87
82
8
"
8
"
152 01-2 550 0
W ard B oun dary
8
"
550 1-15 200
W at er B od y
"
8
250 1-55 00
Roa d
56
34
27
33
28
65
31
30
69 70
74
67
66
68
89
"
8
85
75
71
77
76
72 78
80
73
79 81
84
86
87
82
88
90
83
LEGEND
29
32
63
61 64
60
W ard A rea
36
62
59
255 01-1 300 00
25
53
57
30
69
67
24
35
50
52
29
32
63
61 64
60
33
36
56
62
59
54
49
23
48
27
48
26
55
51
47
24
49
22
37
39
44
26
54
51
47
40
45
46
22
37
39
44
38
42
38
42
46
21
21
88
90
83
89
8
"
>1 02
W ard A rea
8
"
63-1 02
W ard B oun dary
8
"
33-6 2
W at er B od y
"
8
13-3 2
Roa d
"
8
3-12
KALLYANPUR
BOSTEE
"
8
"
8
WARD - 12
WARD - 12
2
15
17
15
5
8
3
7
18
14
12
17
18
14
12
13
13
19
10
10
20
41
43
45
39
44
55
49
24
35
50
53
34
48
52
58
59
57
36
33
32 31
63
61 64
65
66
40
27
45
68
74
77 76
72 78
80
73
79 81
82
83
26
55
23
54
49
24
58
59
85
LEGEND
84
53
34
88
89
8
"
>2 39
W ard A rea
8
"
144 -239
W ard B oun dary
36
56
33
32 31
62
63
61 64
65 66
86
87
90
57
60
25
35
50
52
29
75
71
39
51
48
28
30
69 70
67
22
37
44
47
25
21
38
42
56
62
60
46
26
23
54
51
47
22
37
20
41
43
40
16
11
21
38
42
46
19
16
11
KALLYANPUR
BOSTEE
500 -250 0
SANITATION SCENARIO
68
77
76
72 78
80
73
79 81
8
"
72-1 43
W at er B od y
"
8
24-7 1
R oa d
"
8
12-2 3
`
51
LEGEND
85
75
71
83
29
30
69 70 74
67
82
27
28
84
86
87
8
"
32-4 0
W ard A rea
8
"
24-3 1
W ard B oun dary
8
"
16-2 3
W at er B od y
"
8
8-15
R oa d
"
8
0-7
88
90
89
Figure 3.14: Different scenarios of Kallyanpur Slum
3.4.14 BHASANTEK SLUM

This slum is located beside Dhaka Cantonment. Here most of the dwellers work as
housemaids or in different industries nearby. The monthly income of most of the
respondents is not enough to lead life in Dhaka city let alone healthy. When asked
why they live here, they said the situation of their villages is worst.
Heaps of garbage are here everywhere and sanitation system is equally bad. Though
there are several water bodies but those are not quite useable. But in times of scarcity
they cant help but get along with what they can have rather than nothing. Table 3.15
Bhasantek Slum.
Table 3.15: About Bhasantek Slum
Slum Name
Bhasantek Slum
DCC ward No.
15
18000
Population
130000
13
Sanitation Facility
36
Waste Disposal Site
`
52
POPULATION SCENARIO
WATER SCENARIO
WARD - 15
WARD - 15
BHASANTEK
BOSTEE
BHASANTEK
BOSTEE
8
"
2
15
"
8
17
5
8
3
15
18
8
3
16
11
20
41
43
47
49
25
27
85
50
24
53
52
86
87
25
34
27
89
31
69
67
68
66
70 74
71
72 78
152 01-2 550 0
W ard B oun dary
8
"
550 1-15 200
W at er B od y
"
8
250 1-55 00
R oa d
"
8
500 -250 0
84
80
87
88
83
89
63-1 02
W ard B oun dary
8
"
33-6 2
W at er B od y
"
8
13-3 2
R oa d
"
8
3-12
WARD - 15
BHASANTEK
BOSTEE
BHASANTEK
BOSTEE
"
8
"
8
2
15
17
2
3
7
15
12
8
3
13
19
10
17
18
14
W ard A rea
8
"
W ARD - 15
>1 02
90
SANITATION SCENARIO
8
"
86
81
82
W ard A rea
8
"
85
75
77 76
79
255 01-1 300 00
30
63
61 64
73
8
"
29
32
62
65
LEGEND
56
59
60
28
33
36
57
58
LEGEND
88
90
83
23
35
48
84
82
26
55
54
51
30
69 70 74
75
71
68
77 76
72 78
80
73
79 81
67
22
37
39
44
47
49
59
65 66
38
40
45
46
28
29
32 31
63
61 64
43
42
34
33
36
56
62
60
21
20
41
24
53
57
16
11
23
35
50
52
10
26
55
54
48
58
13
19
22
37
39
51
18
14
12
40
45
44
21
38
42
46
17
13
19
4
14
12
10
16
11
18
14
20
41
12
21
13
19
43
38
42
46
49
23
43
46
53
58
59
60
57
34
27
65
66
31
LEGEND
30
69
67
70
68
74
71
72 78
85
75
77 76
73
79
29
32
62
63
61 64
28
33
36
56
40
25
35
50
21
38
42
24
48
52
20
41
26
54
51
16
11
22
37
39
55
47
10
40
45
44
87
90
89
26
55
23
54
24
25
35
50
53
34
57
W ard A rea
63
61 64
31
8
"
144 -239
W ard B oun dary
8
"
72-1 43
W at er B od y
"
8
24-7 1
R oa d
"
8
12-2 3
30
69
67
65
66
68
70
74
71
72 78
85
75
77 76
73
79
86
81
32-4 0
W ard A rea
8
"
24-3 1
W ard B oun dary
8
"
16-2 3
W at er B od y
"
8
8-15
R oa d
"
8
0-7
87
88
83
8
"
84
80
82
29
32
62
60
LEGEND
28
33
36
56
59
>2 39
27
48
52
88
83
39
51
49
58
8
"
86
81
82
45
44
47
84
80
22
37
90
89
Figure 3.15: Different scenarios of Bhasantek Slum
`
53
E
S
3.4.15 KARAIL SLUM

Karail slum is situated in the northern side of Mohakhali - Gulshan road of Dhaka
City. The history of this area dates back to 1961. Through a long line of illegal
captures and evictions, the land is now unlawfully owned by most of the dwellers. As
a result of this illegitimate cycle of transfer of ownership, dwellers here live under
constant fear of eviction. It is one of the largest and poorest slums of Dhaka. In
addition to the instability of residence, the illegal ownership makes it impossible to
establish any infrastructure for resources. There is no gas line connection and
sanitation facilities are rather poor. Lack of a clean water supply causes the majority
of the residents to suffer from diseases, like- diarrhea, cholera, fever, cough and cold
etc. Different kinds of families were observed in this slum, some big with 8-10
members while some of 3-4. Their situation is so vulnerable that one blow and they
are shaken to their very core. Many studies have been done over this slum but their
situation as still the very same as before. Table 3.16 summarizes the information and
Figure 3.16 shows different scenarios about Karail Slum.
Table 3.16: About Karail Slum
Slum Name
Karail Slum
DCC ward No.
19
24000
Population
120000
25
Sanitation Facility
64
Waste Disposal Site
40
`
54
POPULATION SCENARIO
WATER SCENARIO
KARAIL
BOSTEE
W ARD - 19
KARAIL
BOSTEE
WARD - 19
"
8
"
8
1
1
2
15
17
5
8
15
3
7
8
3
18
7
13
19
9
10
12
20
41
43
19
37
55
34
52
58
59
57
53
57
58
84
LEG EN D
88
89
8
"
255 01-1 300 00
60
29
32 31
30
63
61 64
69 70 74
67
65 66
68
77 76
72 78
80
73
79 81
84
152 01-2 550 0
W ard B oun dary
8
"
550 1-15 200
W at er B od y
"
8
250 1-55 00
R oa d
8"
500 -250 0
LEGEND
86
87
82
8
"
85
75
71
W ard A rea
88
89
E
S
8
"
>1 02
W ard A rea
8
"
63-1 02
W ard B oun dary
8
"
33-6 2
W at er B od y
"
8
13-3 2
R oa d
"
8
3-12
E
S
KARAIL
BOSTEE
WARD - 19
"
8
KARAIL
BOSTEE
8
"
2
15
15
17
17
5
8
3
7
18
14
12
18
14
12
13
13
19
19
10
16
11
22
37
39
49
24
53
34
52
57
33
36
32 31
63
61 64
65 66
49
75
71
77 76
72 78
80
73
79
58
59
85
83
LEGEND
84
53
34
57
87
88
90
89
8
"
>2 39
144 -239
W ard B oun dary
8
"
72-1 43
W at er B od y
"
8
24-7 1
R oa d
12-2 3
E
S
27
28
29
30
69 70
74
LEGEND
85
75
82
25
56
67 68 71
77
76
72 78
80
73
79 81
83
8
"
"
8
33
32 31
63
61 64
65 66
W ard A rea
36
62
60
86
81
82
24
35
50
52
29
30
68
23
48
28
69 70 74
67
26
55
54
56
62
59
60
27
22
37
39
51
47
25
35
50
40
45
44
23
48
58
46
26
55
54
21
38
42
51
47
20
41
43
40
45
16
11
21
38
42
44
10
20
41
43
46
27
28
83 90
WARD - 19
25
34
33
36
56
62
59
86
87
SANITATION SCENARIO
24
35
50
52
90
83
23
54
51
49
85
82
26
55
48
30
69 70 74
75
67 71
68
77 76
65 66
72 78
80
73
79 81
60
39
47
29
32 31
63
61 64
22
37
44
27
28
33
36
56
62
21
38
40
45
46
25
35
48
43
42
24
53
20
41
26
23
54
50
16
11
22
39
51
49
10
40
45
44
47
13
21
38
42
46
18
14
16
11
17
4
14
12
84
86
87
32-4 0
90
89
W ard A rea
8
"
24-3 1
W ard B oun dary
8
"
16-2 3
W at er B od y
"
8
8-15
R oa d
"
8
0-7
Figure 3.16: Different scenarios of Karail Slum

`
55
8
"
88
E
S
3.4.16 KARAIL BANGLA WALL SLUM

The slum is situated at the right side of the T&T School of Gulshan. This is the one of
the most densely populated slums of Dhaka city. There are metered pumps supplied
by DWASA and a large lake beside the slum. But the supply water is not sufficient
according to the population, so people have established tube-wells on their own cost.
Also they use water of the lake beside for washing purpose. At the same time they
have built some hanging latrines over the lake by which the lake water is getting
polluted continuously. Often different organizations visit the slum and provide
different facilities but people do not willingly accept them. However, the
environmental conditions do not get developed. Table 3.17 summarizes the
information and Figure 3.17 shows different scenarios about Karail Bangla Wall
Slum.
Table 3.17: About Karail Bangla Wall Slum
Slum Name
Karail Bangla Wall Slum
DCC ward No.
20
6000
Population
35000
94
Sanitation Facility
75
Waste Disposal Site
16
`
56
POPULATION SCENARIO
WATER SCENARIO
8
"
8
"
KARAIL
BANGLA W ALL
BOSTEE
KARAIL
BANGLA W ALL
BOSTEE
WARD - 20
W ARD - 20
2
15
17
18
14
12
10
255 01-1 300 00
W ard A rea
13
16
11
12
43
18
21
8
"
152 01-2 550 0
W ard B oun dary
8
"
550 1-15 200
W at er B od y
"
8
250 1-55 00
R oa d
"
8
500 -250 0
10
38
42
40
45
23
54
51
47
26
55
49
25
53
34
48
52
58
59
57
68
71
44
55
53
58
60
87
88
90
83
89
25
34
27
33
28
32 31
63
61 64
65 66
86
82
36
56
62
59
85
57
81
79
24
35
50
52
84
76
80
73
26
23
54
51
49
48
31
75
77
72 78
22
37
39
27
30
69 70 74
67
65 66
40
45
47
29
32
63
61 64
21
38
42
46
28
33
36
56
62
60
20
41
24
35
50
16
11
43
22
37
39
44
8
"
>1 02
W ard A rea
8
"
63-1 02
W ard B oun dary
8
"
33-6 2
W at er B od y
"
8
13-3 2
Roa d
"
8
3-12
13
19
9
20
41
46
4
14
19
9
LEGEND
8
"
17
5
8
3
7
2
15
LEGEND
5
8
29
30
69 70 74 75
71
68
77 76
72 78
80
73
79 81
85
67
84
86
87
82
88
83
90
89
SANITATION SCENARIO
8
"
8
"
KARAIL
BANGLA W ALL
BOSTEE
KARAIL
BANGLA W ALL
BOSTEE
WARD - 20
WARD - 20
1
1
2
15
17
5
8
15
16
11
20
41
43
44
21
38
42
46
3
7
13
19
10
LEGEND
18
14
12
40
45
39
49
55
54
24
35
50
53
34
48
52
58
59
26
23
57
62
56
36
33
32 31
25
27
28
29
>2 39
W ard A rea
8
"
144 -239
W ard B oun dary
12
69 70 74
75
60
67 68 71 77
65 66
76
72 78
80
73
79 81
82
83
13
16
11
20
41
43
8
"
72-1 43
W at er B od y
"
8
24-7 1
R oa d
"
8
12-2 3
LEGEND
19
10
46
21
38
42
40
37
45
39
44
49
22
26
55
23
54
51
47
25
35
50
52
53
85
58
57
34
84
60
63
61 64
65 66
86
87
88
36
33
89
24-3 1
W ard B oun dary
8
"
16-2 3
W at er B od y
"
8
8-15
R oa d
8"
0-7
29
30
69 70
74 75
67 68 71
77
76
72 78
80
73
79 81
85
84
86
87
W ard A rea
8
"
31
82
90
32-4 0
27
28
56
32
62
59
8
"
24
48
30
63
61 64
18
14
8
"
22
37
51
47
17
3
7
83
88
90
89
Figure 3.17: Different scenarios of Karail Bangla Wall Slum
`
57
3.4.17 BEGUNBARI SLUM

Begunbari slum was one of the biggest slums of Dhaka city. But to establish
Hatirjheel project it was evicted many times in last 3 years. Now here small land
owners has made several tin shade rooms and rent them to the evicted dwellers at a
high price. The most interesting thing about this slum is no one is sure about the
actual owner of this land but still the house owner claims it to be theirs. The average
members of households here are about 6-8. Most tenants here are rickshaw pullers and
garments workers. Their monthly income is about 5000tk- 7000tk. Since 1993 DCC is
working to improve the situation of this slum. Water AID is specially working here to
improve the water and sanitation facility. Despite all this efforts they dont get fresh
water provided by DCC because it is far away from their houses and is always
crowded. So they mostly use water from Begunbari Khal or tube wells for their
daily needs. Sanitation facility is way worse than water. As the slum is situated near
the khal so use of hanging latrines are acute in here. Table 3.18 summarizes the
information and Figure 3.18 shows different scenarios about Begunbari Slum.
Table 3.18: About Begunbari Slum
Slum Name
Begunbari Slum
DCC ward No.
22
750
Population
5500
12
Sanitation Facility
30
Waste Disposal Site
`
58
POPULATION SCENARIO
WATER SCENARIO
BEGUNBARI
BOSTEE
"
8
BEGUNBARI
BOSTEE
"
8
WARD - 22
WARD - 22
2
15
15
17
7
LEGEND
8
3
7
8
"
13
19
20
41
43
46
13
8
"
21
40
45
44
55
26
23
54
49
24
53
34
27
28
48
52
58
59
57
60
33
36
56
152 01-2 550 0
W ard B oun dary
46
550 1-15 200
65 66
69 70 74
75
67 68 71
77 76
72 78
80
73
79 81
40
39
"
8
55
49
23
24
53
34
27
48
250 1-55 00
R oa d
52
85
29
32 31
63
61 64
30
69 70 74 75
71
68
77 76
65 66
72 78
80
73
79 81
60
>1 02
W ard A rea
8
"
63-1 02
W ard B oun dary
8
"
33-6 2
W at er B od y
"
8
13-3 2
R oa d
"
8
3-12
56
62
59
500 -250 0
28
33
36
57
8
"
25
35
50
84
84
86
87
82
88
90
83
87
85
67
86
82
26
54
51
47
22
37
45
44
W at er B od y
21
38
42
30
63
61 64
20
41
43
58
29
32 31
62
"
8
25
35
50
8
"
22
37
39
51
47
LEGEND
16
11
W ard A rea
38
42
18
14
12
10
255 01-1 300 00
16
11
19
18
14
12
10
17
89
88
90
83
89
SANITATION SCENARIO
BEGUNBARI
BOSTEE
"
8
"
8
BEGUNBARI
BOSTEE
WARD - 22
WARD - 22
6
15
17
15
3
7
16
11
20
41
43
46
40
45
8
"
39
44
55
26
23
54
51
47
49
53
25
34
48
52
58
59
57
56
60
36
33
32 31
62
63
61 64
65 66
13
19
10
20
41
144 -239
W ard B oun dary
8
"
72-1 43
W at er B od y
"
8
24-7 1
Roa d
46
44
40
45
39
28
"
8
85
52
58
12-2 3
59
84
86
83 90
24
53
57
56
34
33
36
32 31
62
60
69 70 74 75
71
67
68
77 76
65 66
72 78
80
73
89
83
32-4 0
W ard A rea
8
"
24-3 1
27
28
29
W ard B oun dary
8
"
16-2 3
W at er B od y
"
8
8-15
Roa d
"
8
0-7
85
84
86
81
82
88
25
30
63
61 64
79
87
82
23
35
50
48
30
69 70
74 75
71
68
77 76
72 78
80
73
79 81
67
49
8
"
26
55
54
51
47
22
37
27
29
21
38
42
8
"
LEGEND
16
11
W ard A rea
24
35
50
>2 39
43
22
37
12
21
38
42
18
14
LEGEND
13
19
10
18
14
12
17
87
88
90
89
E
S
Figure 3.18: Different scenarios of Begunbari Slum

`
59
3.4.18 MALIBAGH SLUM

This slum is located near Malibagh railway station. Scarcity of water is a severe
problem here. There is no specific water collection point and women have to carry
water from distant DWASA water source as the nearby water of water bodies is not
usable. A few tube wells were found at slum sight but most are not functioning and
the dwellers are not well-off enough to spend money repairing them. The tenants here
are paying rent, possibly to local mustangs - informal landlords, gang leaders, etc even though the land belonged neither to this group nor the inhabitants. Dwellers
know it, but they cant stop paying them, otherwise they will face several problems.
Sanitation facility is comparatively better than water supply facilities in this slum.
People there are comparatively satisfied by the services they are getting but these are
not enough for a healthy life. Table 3.19 summarizes the information and Figure 3.19
shows different scenarios about Malibagh Slum.
Table 3.19: About Malibagh Slum
Slum Name
Malibagh Slum
DCC ward No.
35
850
Population
5000
Sanitation Facility
15
Waste Disposal Site
`
60
POPULATION SCENARIO
WATER SCENARIO
"
8
"
8
MALIBAGH
BOSTEE
MALIBAGH
BOSTEE
WARD -35
W ARD -35
LEGEND
8
"
255 01-1 300 00
W ard A rea
8
"
152 01-2 550 0
W ard B oun dary
15
17
15
18
14
12
13
8
"
550 1-15 200
W at er B od y
"
8
250 1-55 00
Roa d
"
8
500 -250 0
44
40
45
22
37
39
49
55
23
53
52
57
60
63
61 64
65 66
85
69 70
74
67
65 66
68
71
13-3 2
Roa d
"
8
3-12
85
84
76
80
79
88
W at er B od y
"
8
31
75
77
72 78
73
87
W ard B oun dary
33-6 2
30
63
61 64
60
90
83
29
32
86
82
27
56
62
84
63-1 02
8
"
28
33
59
30
69 70 74
75
67 68 71 77
76
72 78
80
73
79 81
25
34
36
57
58
W ard A rea
8
"
24
35
53
52
29
32 31
23
54
49
48
27
28
33
36
56
62
59
26
55
50
>1 02
22
37
39
51
8
"
21
38
40
45
44
25
34
48
58
20
42
46
47
24
35
50
16
41
26
54
51
47
13
11
43
38
42
46
21
LEGEND
18
19
10
20
41
12
16
11
43
3
7
14
19
10
17
5
8
3
7
86
81
87
82
88
90
83
89
89
SANITATION SCENARIO
"
8
"
8
MALIBAGH
BOSTEE
MALIBAGH
BOSTEE
W ARD -35
WARD -35
6
2
15
15
>2 39
W ard A rea
8
"
144 -239
W ard B oun dary
8
"
72-1 43
W at er B od y
"
8
24-7 1
Roa d
"
8
12-2 3
4
18
14
12
10
20
21
16
11
20
41
43
43
40
45
39
44
49
24
25
35
50
53
58
59
60
57
56
34
36
33
32
62
63
61 64
55
50
58
25
53
57
34
36
33
32
62
60
63
61 64
16-2 3
W at er B od y
"
8
8-15
Roa d
"
8
0-7
27
28
29
31
30
69
67
65 66
86
W ard B oun dary
8
"
56
59
85
84
24-3 1
24
35
52
30
83
23
54
49
28
29
82
26
48
27
W ard A rea
8
"
22
37
39
51
47
31
69 70
74 75
71
68
77 76
72 78
80
73
79 81
67
65 66
40
45
44
23
48
52
46
26
55
54
51
47
22
37
32-4 0
21
38
42
38
42
8
"
13
19
16
11
41
46
8
"
18
13
19
10
LEGEND
4
14
17
5
8
12
LEGEND
17
5
8
7
68
70 74
75
71
77 76
72 78
80
73
79 81
85
84
86
87
82
87
88
90
89
83
88
90
89
Figure 3.19: Different scenarios of Malibagh Slum

`
61
3.4.19 KARWAN BAZAR SLUM

Karwan Bazaar is Dhakas biggest whole sale market. This slum was build centering
this market. By years it expanded and now it has become one of the prime slums in
Dhaka. Most of the houses here are situated in either side of the railway track.
Majority of this slum is over the land owned by Bangladesh Railway Authority. Most
dwellers here are small vendors or rickshaw pullers. Life here is immensely
miserable. It is hard to find permanent sanitation facility. This place is not at all safe
to lead a livelihood but people here doesnt have a choice either. Children play all day
on rail tracks without anyone to watch over them.
To collect drinking water most of the women go through a long distance and fetch
water from DWASA provided tap but for other household chores they use shallow
tube-wells water. In most cases people use pit latrines for defecating. The dustbins of
this area are always over loaded with garbage but cleaning service providers are not
sincere about it. Table 3.20 summarizes the information and Figure 3.20 shows
different scenarios about Karwan Bazar Slum.
Table 3.20: About Karwan Bazar Slum
Slum Name
Karwan Bazar slum
DCC ward No.
39
1750
Population
10000
Sanitation Facility
24
Waste Disposal Site
17
`
62
POPULATION SCENARIO
WATER SCENARIO
KARW AN
BAZAR
BOSTEE
KARW AN
BAZAR
BOSTEE
8
"
"
8
WARD - 39
WARD - 39
6
15
17
15
5
3
7
12
13
18
14
12
19
10
18
14
17
13
16
11
19
20
41
10
21
16
11
20
41
43
21
38
42
40
45
46
43
22
37
23
24
49
50
53
34
48
52
58
63
61 64
65
8
"
29
32
62
31
30
69
67
66
70
68
74
71
85
75
77
72 78
79
255 01-1 300 00
57
58
152 01-2 550 0
82
88
8
"
550 1-15 200
W at er B od y
"
8
250 1-55 00
R oa d
"
8
500 -250 0
90
83
56
89
27
28
30
63
61 64
60
69
67
70 74
71
68
79
>1 02
W ard A rea
8
"
63-1 02
W ard B oun dary
8
"
33-6 2
W at er B od y
86
"
8
13-3 2
Roa d
"
8
3-12
81
87
82
84
76
80
73
85
75
77
72 78
8
"
29
32 31
65 66
87
34
33
36
62
W ard B oun dary
86
81
25
35
53
52
LEGEND
24
49
48
W ard A rea
26
23
59
8
"
84
76
80
73
47
50
56
59
60
27
55
54
51
28
33
36
57
22
39
44
LEGEND
25
35
37
45
46
54
51
40
26
55
47
38
42
39
44
88
90
83
89
E
S
SANITATION SCENARIO
WASTE MANAGEMENT
SCENARIO
KARW AN
BAZAR
BOSTEE
KARW AN
BAZAR
BOSTEE
"
8
WARD - 39
"
8
WARD - 39
1
2
15
17
5
8
3
7
4
18
14
12
13
19
10
15
16
11
21
3
7
43
38
42
46
40
45
12
39
25
34
58
59
60
56
63
61 64
31
30
69
67
66
8
"
29
32
62
65
LEGEND
27
70 74
68
71
72 78
77 76
73
79
>2 39
W ard A rea
40
46
8
"
82
45
39
87
26
55
23
54
51
24
49
50
144 -239
W ard B oun dary
8
"
72-1 43
W at er B od y
"
8
24-7 1
Roa d
"
8
12-2 3
90
89
25
35
53
34
27
48
52
88
83
22
37
44
86
81
21
38
42
47
84
80
20
43
85
75
16
11
41
28
33
36
10
24
53
57
19
23
35
50
48
52
13
26
55
54
51
49
18
14
22
37
44
47
17
20
41
58
59
60
56
32 31
62
63
61 64
66
68
70 74
71
72 78
85
75
77 76
79
8
"
32-4 0
W ard A rea
8
"
24-3 1
W ard B oun dary
8
"
16-2 3
W at er B od y
"
8
8-15
Roa d
"
8
0-7
84
80
73
29
30
69
67
65
LEGEND
28
33
36
57
86
81
87
82
88
83
90
89
Figure 3.20: Different scenarios Karwan Bazar of Slum

`
63
E
S
3.4.20 AGARGAON SLUM

Years back, it was one of the largest slums in Dhaka city and was well known for all
sorts of illegal drug activities. Over the years the slum was evicted many times and
now only a few people live here. Though the population of this slum has decreased to
a greater extent but still it is not a healthy place to live in, as, water availability,
sanitation problems are still acute in this slum. Here, people live in shanties and
always in the fear of eviction. Most of the dwellers (male) here are rickshaw pullers or
mechanics in road side garages. Table 3.21 summarizes the information and Figure
3.21 shows different scenarios about Agargaon Slum.
Slum Name
Agargaon Slum
DCC ward No.
41
102
Population
510
Sanitation Facility
12
Waste Disposal Site
`
64
POPULATION SCENARIO
WATER SCENARIO
AGARGAON
BOSTEE
AGARGAON
BOSTEE
"
8
"
8
WARD - 41
WARD - 41
LEGEND
8
"
255 01-1 300 00
W ard A rea
8
"
152 01-2 550 0
W ard B oun dary
8
"
550 1-15 200
W at er B od y
LEGEND
2
15
17
15
8
"
>1 02
W ard A rea
8
"
63-1 02
W ard B oun dary
8
"
33-6 2
W at er B od y
"
8
13-3 2
Roa d
"
8
3-12
3
3
7
250 1-55 00
13
19
"
8
20
41
18
14
12
16
11
Roa d
18
13
19
10
"
8
4
14
12
17
5
8
500 -250 0
10
16
11
20
41
21
43
43
40
37
45
22
55
34
48
52
33
36
57
32 31
69
67
65
27
28
52
29
58
59
30
63
61 64
60
70 74
71
68
66
72 78
85
75
77 76
73
60
53
34
29
32
31
30
69
67
68
65 66
70 74
71
72 78
85
75
77 76
84
80
86
73
86
81
79
87
87
83
28
56
63
61 64
81
82
27
33
36
57
62
84
80
79
25
35
50
48
56
62
59
24
49
25
53
26
23
54
51
47
24
35
58
22
55
23
49
50
37
39
44
26
54
51
47
40
45
46
39
44
38
42
38
42
46
21
82
88
88
90
89
90
83
89
E
S
SANITATION SCENARIO
AGARGAON
BOSTEE
AGARGAON
BOSTEE
"
8
"
8
WARD - 41
WARD - 41
2
15
LEGEND
17
15
LEGEND
3
7
8
"
4
18
14
12
16
11
>2 39
W ard A rea
18
14
12
13
19
10
17
5
8
13
19
8
"
144 -239
W ard B oun dary
8
"
72-1 43
W at er B od y
10
16
11
20
41
20
41
43
21
38
42
46
40
37
45
44
26
55
23
54
51
47
49
52
59
34
60
12-2 3
63
61 64
66
68
70 74
71
72 78
77 76
79
84
86
81
87
82
88
83
34
24-3 1
W ard B oun dary
8
"
16-2 3
27
W at er B od y
"
8
8-15
Roa d
"
8
0-7
56
29
31
30
63
61 64
69 70 74
75
71
67
68
77
65 66
76
72 78
80
73
81
79
85
84
86
87
82
83
90
28
33
36
32
62
60
85
80
53
57
59
31
75
73
25
35
52
58
69
W ard A rea
8
"
24
49
30
67
23
48
29
32
26
54
51
50
27
22
37
39
55
47
56
62
65
"
8
Roa d
28
33
36
57
24-7 1
40
45
44
25
53
48
58
"
8
21
38
32-4 0
42
24
35
50
43
46
22
39
8
"
88
90
89
89
`
65
3.4.21AGARGAON SLUM
This is one of the worst slums we have visited. People here live the under poverty
line. The facilities are not sufficient to meet the standard need of the living. Different
types of crimes occur often. Parents cannot afford to send their children to school. The
environment is not favorable. The DWASA supplies are not sufficient to meet the
water needs. The sanitation system is not hygienic also. People throw wastes here and
there and often get attacked by diseases. Table 3.22 summarizes the information and
Figure 3.22 shows different scenarios about Agargaon Slum.
Slum Name
Agargaon Slum
DCC ward No.
41
1200
Population
10000
Sanitation Facility
14
Waste Disposal Site
`
66
POPULATION SCENARIO
WATER SCENARIO
AGARGAON
BOSTEE
AGARGAON
BOSTEE 8"
"
8
WARD - 41
WARD - 41
LEGEND
8
"
255 01-1 300 00
W ard A rea
8
"
152 01-2 550 0
W ard B oun dary
8
"
550 1-15 200
W at er B od y
"
8
250 1-55 00
R oa d
"
8
500 -250 0
LEGEND
2
15
17
15
8
"
>1 02
W ard A rea
8
"
63-1 02
W ard B oun dary
8
"
33-6 2
W at er B od y
"
8
13-3 2
Roa d
"
8
3-12
3
3
7
12
13
19
16
11
20
41
4
18
14
18
14
12
10
17
5
8
13
19
10
16
11
20
41
21
43
43
40
37
45
22
34
48
52
29
32
69
67
65
31
52
70
68
66
74
71
72 78
79
29
32
31
30
66
70
68
74
71
72 78
85
75
77 76
84
80
73
86
86
81
79
87
87
83
28
33
36
69
67
65
81
82
27
56
63
61 64
60
84
80
73
34
62
59
85
75
77 76
53
57
58
30
63
61 64
60
56
62
59
25
35
50
48
27
28
33
36
57
58
24
49
25
35
53
26
23
54
51
47
24
49
50
22
55
23
54
51
37
39
44
26
55
47
40
45
46
39
44
38
42
38
42
46
21
82
88
88
90
89
90
83
89
E
S
SANITATION SCENARIO
AGARGAON
BOSTEE
AGARGAON
BOSTEE
"
8
"
8
WARD - 41
WARD - 41
2
15
LEGEND
17
2
15
8
"
4
18
14
12
13
8
"
19
10
16
11
20
41
43
40
37
45
8
"
58
59
60
12
W ard B oun dary
72-1 43
13
19
10
16
11
34
24-7 1
Roa d
46
66
68
40
45
"
8
27
12-2 3
28
70 74
71
39
72 78
73
79
8
"
32-4 0
W ard A rea
8
"
24-3 1
W ard B oun dary
8
"
16-2 3
W at er B od y
"
8
8-15
Roa d
"
8
0-7
53
57
34
36
56
32 31
62
60
86
87
88
27
29
30
63
61 64
69 70 74
75
71
67
68
77
65 66
76
72 78
80
73
81
79
85
84
86
87
82
90
28
33
59
81
83
25
35
58
84
82
24
49
50
85
80
23
48
31
77 76
26
55
54
51
52
75
22
37
44
47
30
69
67
21
38
29
32
63
61 64
20
41
W at er B od y
56
62
65
144 -239
25
33
36
57
18
24
53
48
52
"
8
23
35
50
4
14
42
26
55
49
43
54
51
47
W ard A rea
22
39
44
LEGEND
>2 39
21
38
42
46
17
3
7
89
83
88
90
89

`
67
3.4.22 DHAKA UDYAN SLUM

This is quite a better conditioned slum. The slum people live in one storied brick
house and pay the house rents to the land lords. There are sufficient supplies to the
slum provided by the DWASA. The tenants pay the water bills as well as the
electricity bill to the landlord. But the sanitation system is not sufficient in
comparison with the other two utilities. Though the community vans come to take the
wastes, people throw wastes on the roads and open spaces. So the environment is not
healthy. Table 3.23 summarizes the information and Figure 3.23 shows different
scenarios about Dhaka Udyan Slum.
Table 3.23: About Dhaka Udyan Slum
Slum Name
Dhaka Udyan Slum
DCC ward No.
43
1400
Population
10500
70
Sanitation Facility
12
Waste Disposal Site
`
68
POPULATION SCENARIO
WATER SCENARIO
8
"
8
"
DHAKA
UYAN
BOSTEE
DHAKA
UYAN
BOSTEE
W ARD - 43
WARD - 43
2
15
17
3
7
10
255 01-1 300 00
17
LEGEND
W ard A rea
13
19
15
5
8
8
"
18
14
12
LEGEND
5
8
8
"
16
11
20
41
43
51
23
52
34
20
41
250 1-55 00
43
R oa d
42
"
8
40
45
44
39
28
29
32 31
69 70
74
67
65 66
68
85
75
71
77 76
72 78
80
73
79 81
49
52
57
60
89
W ard B oun dary
8
"
33-6 2
W at er B od y
"
8
13-3 2
Roa d
"
8
3-12
27
28
33
36
32 31 29
30
69 70 74 75
71
68
77 76
72 78
80
73
85
67
88
90
83
34
56
63
61 64
65 66
82
25
53
62
59
86
87
W ard A rea
8
"
63-1 02
24
35
50
58
84
26
23
48
30
63
61 64
55
54
51
47
>1 02
22
37
500 -250 0
8
"
21
38
56
62
59
60
16
27
33
36
57
13
11
46
25
53
48
58
W at er B od y
24
35
50
"
8
26
55
54
49
550 1-15 200
10
22
37
39
47
12
W ard B oun dary
19
8
"
40
45
44
152 01-2 550 0
21
38
42
46
18
14
79
84
86
81
87
82
88
90
83
89
SANITATION SCENARIO
"
8
8"
DHAKA
UYAN
BOSTEE
DHAKA
UYAN
BOSTEE
WARD - 43
WARD - 43
2
15
17
5
8
15
8
13
16
11
20
41
43
46
44
40
45
37
39
49
55
58
59
60
57
56
26
24
34
33
36
32 31
62
W ard B oun dary
12
18
25
27
28
8
"
72-1 43
W at er B od y
"
8
24-7 1
R oa d
"
8
29
69 70 74
75
71
67
68
77 76
65 66
72 78
80
73
79
83
20
44
21
38
42
40
45
39
49
55
24
35
53
34
48
12-2 3
52
85
58
59
84
60
57
87
56
36 33
32 31
62
63
61 64
65 66
86
88
69 70 74 75
71
68
77 76
72 78
80
73
67
32-4 0
W ard A rea
8
"
24-3 1
W ard B oun dary
8
"
16-2 3
27
28
29
W at er B od y
"
8
8-15
85
R oa d
8"
0-7
84
86
81
82
89
25
30
79
90
26
23
54
50
8
"
22
37
51
47
81
82
LEGEND
16
11
41
46
30
63
61 64
13
19
10
23
53
48
52
W ard A rea
144 -239
43
35
50
>2 39
8
"
22
54
51
47
8
"
21
38
42
7
14
19
10
LEGEND
18
14
12
17
3
7
83
87
88
90
89
Figure 3.23: Different scenarios of Dhaka Udyan Slum
`
69
3.4.23 BASHBARI SLUM

The whole slum is established over a pond. There are tube-wells provided by the
Governments but they are not sufficient to fulfill the water requirement. The pond
below is so dirty because people throw wastes on the pond. Not only there is not a
single dustbin. So people cannot utilize the pond water. Moreover, there is always
queue in the collection spot from dawn to dusk. Sometimes they even quarrel about
who come first, who come second or who take more, who take less. The sanitation
system is also very bad. People use hanging latrines. Overall the environmental
condition of the slum is beyond description. Table 3.24 summarizes the information
and Figure 3.24 shows different scenarios about Bashbari Slum.
Table 3.24: About Bashbari Slum
Slum Name
Bashbari Slum
DCC ward No.
46
1500
Population
12000
20
Sanitation Facility
14
Waste Disposal Site
`
70
POPULATION SCENARIO
WATER SCENARIO
"
8
8
"
BASHBARI
BOSTEE
BASHBARI
BOSTEE
W ARD - 46
WARD - 46
1
1
2
15
LEGEND
17
2
15
8
3
4
18
14
12
8
"
255 01-1 300 00
W ard A rea
8
"
152 01-2 550 0
W ard B oun dary
8
"
550 1-15 200
W at er B od y
8
3
7
13
19
10
17
16
11
20
41
38
42
40
45
22
37
39
44
10
54
51
47
25
35
50
53
52
58
59
34
60
"
8
28
500 -250 0
69
67
70
68
66
74
71
72 78
50
52
85
75
86
58
34
87
>1 02
W ard A rea
8
"
63-1 02
27
W ard B oun dary
8
"
33-6 2
W at er B od y
"
8
13-3 2
R oa d
"
8
3-12
28
33
36
56
29
32
62
81
82
31
30
63
61 64
60
65
69
67
66
70
68
74
71
77
84
76
80
73
79
85
75
72 78
88
90
83
25
53
57
8
"
24
59
84
80
79
23
35
48
31
77 76
73
26
55
54
51
49
30
63
61 64
65
39
44
29
32
22
37
45
46
R oa d
21
38
40
47
56
62
250 1-55 00
27
33
36
57
"
8
24
49
48
20
41
42
23
LEGEND
16
11
43
26
55
13
19
21
9
43
46
18
14
12
86
81
87
89
82
88
90
83
89
E
S
SANITATION SCENARIO
"
8
"
8
BASHBARI
BOSTEE
BASHBARI
BOSTEE
WARD - 46
WARD - 46
LEGEND
2
15
17
15
LEGEND
3
7
8
"
19
10
16
11
20
41
43
8
"
40
37
45
23
54
51
47
53
34
27
48
52
57
144 -239
58
32
62
30
63
61 64
65
66
69
67
70
68
74
20
41
21
38
42
72-1 43
W at er B od y
"
8
24-7 1
R oa d
"
8
31
59
60
16
W ard B oun dary
46
40
45
22
37
39
44
50
12-2 3
24
25
35
53
34
73
79
76
52
58
60
86
87
90
89
R oa d
"
8
0-7
31
30
70
68
74
71
85
75
77
72 78
76
84
80
79
29
32
69
67
66
73
88
83
W at er B od y
8-15
56
63
61 64
65
81
82
16-2 3
"
8
28
33
36
57
62
84
80
W ard B oun dary
8
"
27
48
85
75
77
72 78
24-3 1
23
49
59
71
W ard A rea
8
"
26
55
54
51
47
56
29
32-4 0
19
8
"
28
33
36
13
11
25
35
50
12
10
24
49
18
43
26
55
8
"
4
14
W ard A rea
22
39
44
>2 39
21
38
42
46
3
7
13
17
5
8
18
14
12
86
81
87
82
88
83
90
89
E
S
Figure 3.24: Different scenarios of Bashbari Slum
`
71
3.4.24 BOSILA SLUM

People living in Bosila slum are generally poor; their monthly income is not enough
to fulfill their fundamental needs. The monthly incomes of family members are
altogether between 5000tk -6000tk, which in insufficient to run household of 8-10
members. Here, most dwellers, men and women both work in different garments
factories. They accept that life is very hard to lead here but their condition in villages
was equally bad or in some cases worst. They came here by the influence of their
relatives, who live in this slum and do the similar work.
Though the no. of latrines and sources of water are comparatively more than other
slums but most of them are not hygienic. Here, people collect DWASA water for
drinking and other chores or sometimes also use shallow tube wells. They seldom use
water from nearby water bodies. Table 3.25 summarizes the information and Figure
3.25 shows different scenarios about Bosila Slum.
Table 3.25: About Bosila Slum
Slum Name
Bosila Slum
DCC ward No.
46
500
Population
2500
17
Sanitation Facility
74
Waste Disposal Site
40
`
72
POPULATION SCENARIO
WATER SCENARIO
W ARD - 46
WARD - 46
BOSILA
BOSTEE
BOSILA
BOSTEE
"
8
"
8
2
15
LEGEND
17
15
3
7
8
"
4
18
14
12
10
16
11
20
41
43
40
45
24
49
25
35
50
53
52
34
59
60
56
W at er B od y
10
62
20
41
"
8
250 1-55 00
"
8
500 -250 0
R oa d
69
67
66
70
74
71
68
72 78
40
39
44
49
23
25
53
34
27
56
85
84
86
58
29
32
62
31
59
81
87
82
>1 02
W ard A rea
8
"
63-1 02
W ard B oun dary
8
"
33-6 2
W at er B od y
"
8
13-3 2
R oa d
"
8
3-12
28
33
36
57
8
"
24
35
50
52
75
83
26
55
54
51
47
48
80
79
22
37
45
46
31
77 76
73
21
38
42
30
63
61 64
LEGEND
16
11
29
32
65
550 1-15 200
18
13
27
28
33
36
57
8
"
4
14
12
43
23
48
58
W ard B oun dary
26
55
54
51
47
152 01-2 550 0
19
22
37
39
44
8
"
21
38
42
46
17
5
8
W ard A rea
7
19
255 01-1 300 00
13
30
63
61 64
60
69 70 74
67
65 66
68
71
77
84
76
72 78
88
80
73
90
79
89
85
75
86
81
87
82
88
83
90
89
E
S
SANITATION SCENARIO
WARD - 46
WARD - 46
BOSILA
BOSTEE
BOSILA
BOSTEE
8
"
8
"
LEGEND
2
15
17
15
8
4
13
8
"
19
10
16
11
20
41
43
8
"
40
37
45
23
53
34
"
8
27
28
33
36
29
32
62
"
8
31
59
60
30
63
61 64
65
66
69
67
70
68
74
71
73
79
21
38
42
72-1 43
W at er B od y
46
24-7 1
40
45
22
37
39
44
76
12-2 3
24
25
35
52
58
53
34
60
87
W at er B od y
"
8
8-15
Roa d
"
8
0-7
28
31
30
68
70 74
71
85
75
77
72 78
76
84
80
79
29
32
69
67
66
73
88
89
16-2 3
56
63
61 64
65
90
W ard B oun dary
8
"
27
33
36
57
62
59
86
83
51
49
50
81
82
24-3 1
23
54
48
84
80
W ard A rea
8
"
26
55
47
R oa d
85
75
77
72 78
20
41
56
58
16
25
48
57
18
13
11
W ard B oun dary
24
35
50
8
"
26
55
49
52
144 -239
32-4 0
19
10
43
54
51
12
W ard A rea
8
"
4
14
>2 39
22
39
44
47
3
7
21
38
42
46
17
18
14
12
LEGEND
3
7
86
81
87
82
88
83
90
89
E
S
Figure 3.25: Different scenarios of Bosila Slum

`
73
3.4.25 KADERIABAD SLUM

Kaderiabad slum is one of the oldest slums in Dhaka city. The slum is situated at Bijli
Moholla Road near Zeneva Camp in Mohammadpur. The slum was evicted many
times but the illegal tenants do not leave the place. When asked they gave the same
answer that they have no other place to go. Some of the tenants are so old that they do
not even remember for how many years they are living in this slum. Now their sons
and daughters married and live here too. It is like a big extended family living in same
place sharing same fate.
By the help of NGOs they have the opportunity to use DWASA water but their
sanitation facilities are yet to be improved. Most of the residents here are street
hawkers or day laborers and they earn 4000tk -6000tk per month. Table 3.26
Kaderiabad Slum.
Table 3.26: About Kaderiabad Slum
Slum Name
Kaderiabad Slum
DCC ward No.
46
1100
Population
12500
23
Sanitation Facility
35
Waste Disposal Site
`
74
POPULATION SCENARIO
WATER SCENARIO
KADERIABAD
BOSTEE "8
W ARD - 46
KADERIABAD
BOSTEE 8"
WARD - 46
2
15
LEGEND
17
15
3
7
8
"
4
18
14
12
10
16
11
20
41
43
40
45
25
35
58
59
53
34
60
"
8
56
10
20
41
250 1-55 00
R oa d
69
67
66
70
74
40
71
68
72 78
39
44
49
25
53
34
84
86
58
27
56
29
32
62
31
59
81
87
82
>1 02
W ard A rea
8
"
63-1 02
W ard B oun dary
8
"
33-6 2
W at er B od y
"
8
13-3 2
R oa d
"
8
3-12
28
33
36
57
8
"
24
35
50
52
75
83
23
48
85
80
79
26
55
54
51
47
31
77 76
73
22
37
45
46
500 -250 0
21
38
42
30
63
61 64
LEGEND
16
11
29
32
62
65
W at er B od y
18
13
27
28
33
36
57
550 1-15 200
"
8
24
49
50
8
"
4
14
12
43
23
48
52
W ard B oun dary
26
55
54
51
47
152 01-2 550 0
19
22
37
39
44
8
"
21
38
42
46
17
5
8
W ard A rea
7
19
255 01-1 300 00
13
30
63
61 64
60
65
69
67
66
70
74
71
68
77
72 78
88
84
76
80
73
90
79
89
85
75
86
81
87
82
88
90
83
89
E
S
SANITATION SCENARIO
KADERIABAD
BOSTEE 8"
WARD - 46
KADERIABAD
BOSTEE
WARD - 46
"
8
LEGEND
2
15
17
15
LEGEND
3
7
8
"
19
10
16
11
20
41
43
8
"
40
37
45
23
54
51
47
53
34
27
48
52
57
144 -239
60
29
32
31
30
63
61 64
65
66
69
67
70
68
74
71
73
79
20
41
21
38
42
72-1 43
W at er B od y
"
8
24-7 1
R oa d
"
8
12-2 3
46
40
45
22
37
39
44
76
25
53
34
52
58
W at er B od y
8-15
Roa d
"
8
0-7
29
32
63
61 64
31
30
69
67
65
66
70
68
74
71
85
75
77
72 78
76
84
80
73
79
56
62
60
88
89
16-2 3
"
8
28
33
36
57
59
86
90
W ard B oun dary
8
"
27
48
87
83
24
35
50
81
82
24-3 1
23
49
84
80
W ard A rea
8
"
26
55
54
51
47
85
75
77
72 78
16
W ard B oun dary
8
"
28
33
36
62
59
32-4 0
19
56
58
13
11
25
35
50
12
10
24
49
18
43
26
55
8
"
4
14
W ard A rea
22
39
44
>2 39
21
38
42
46
3
7
13
17
5
8
18
14
12
86
81
87
82
88
83
90
89
E
S
Figure 3.26: Different scenarios of Kaderiabad Slum
`
75
3.4.26 RASEL SQUARE SLUM

Slum is never a good place to lead life. But compared to other slums the population is
much lesser and situation is less bad in here. The provided services are not adequate
but at least much better than others compared to the population getting them.
Environment here is more livable. More importantly people here are conscious about
their surroundings. The slum is lot cleaner and children are less prone to diseases.
Here women mostly work as housemaids in different affluent peoples house and are
paid very well. So, the man of the house doesnt have to take greater share of the
family expenses. They have the option to work things out. Majority of the parents
send their young children to schools. Like other slums they pay rents to live here to
the land lords unlike to the local mustangs. People here dont have the best of
everything but they are quite happy about their current situation. Table 3.27
summarizes the information and Figure 3.27 shows different scenarios about Rasel
Square Slum.
Table 3.27: About Rasel Square Slum
Slum Name
Rasel Square Slum
DCC ward No.
51
850
Population
5000
12
Sanitation Facility
20
Waste Disposal Site
`
76
POPULATION SCENARIO
WATER SCENARIO
RASEL
SQUARE
BOTEE
RASEL
SQUARE
BOTEE
"
8
"
8
W ARD - 51
W ARD - 51
1
1
2
15
17
15
8
3
7
12
17
8
3
18
14
13
19
10
14
16
11
12
20
41
43
40
45
37
19
53
52
58
57
56
29
30
69 70 74
75
71
68
77 76
72 78
80
73
79 81
23
54
49
24
25
35
50
53
34
48
52
84
58
LEGEND
87
82
29
32
31
83
89
8
"
255 01-1 300 00
W ard A rea
8
"
152 01-2 550 0
W ard B oun dary
61 64
69 70
74 75
71
68
77
76
72 78
80
73
79 81
85
67
65 66
84
86
87
82
8
"
550 1-15 200
W at er B od y
"
8
250 1-55 00
R oa d
"
8
500 -250 0
88
83
SANITATION SCENARIO
W ard A rea
63-1 02
W ard B oun dary
8
"
33-6 2
W at er B od y
"
8
13-3 2
Roa d
"
8
3-12
RASEL
SQUARE
BOTEE
"
8
WARD - 51
WARD - 51
1
2
15
15
17
17
3
7
13
20
41
10
40
45
46
26
55
24
53
58
57
34
36
32 31
62
60
33
27
39
LEGEND
30
70 74
75
67
71
68
77
65 66
76
72 78
80
73
79 81
24
53
57
33
32 31
62
84
59
8
"
>2 39
W ard A rea
8
"
144 -239
W ard B oun dary
60
86
89
8
"
72-1 43
W at er B od y
"
8
24-7 1
Roa d
"
8
12-2 3
29
LEGEND
30
69 70
74 75
71
67
68
77 76
65 66
72 78
80
73
79 81
85
61 64
84
86
87
83
88
8
"
32-4 0
W ard A rea
8
"
24-3 1
W ard B oun dary
8
"
16-2 3
W at er B od y
"
8
8-15
Roa d
"
8
0-7
90
89
Figure 3.27: Different scenarios of Rasel Square Slum
`
77
27
28
82
88
90
25
34
36
56
63
87
83
58
85
82
23
35
50
48
52
29
69
26
55
54
51
49
22
37
44
47
28
56
59
63
61 64
25
35
50
52
40
45
23
54
51
49
48
21
38
42
39
44
47
20
41
43
22
37
16
11
21
38
42
13
19
16
11
43
18
14
12
19
10
18
14
12
46
>1 02
8
"
89
"
8
8
"
90
RASEL
SQUARE
BOTEE
LEGEND
30
60
56
63
88
90
27
28
33
36
57
62
59
86
N
26
55
51
85
67
65 66
39
47
22
37
44
28
32 31
63
61 64
60
46
21
38
40
45
27
33
36
62
59
25
34
48
20
41
42
24
35
50
16
11
43
23
54
49
10
26
55
51
47
22
39
44
13
21
38
42
46
18
CHAPTER 4
STUDIED CONDITION IN THE SURVEYED SLUMS
The basic need of a human being is food, clothe and shelter. Now-a-days education
has been added with these. But the people who live in slum areas are already in the
scarcity of basic needs which made their living environment poor and unhygienic.
Moreover, lack of education helps their problems and surroundings remain same,
even worse in some cases.
Bangladesh has been developed a lot in civilization and urbanization. Therefore, the
cities especially Dhaka city has been developed significantly with the rapid growth of
population. But still there are so many problems associated with the environment in
slum areas, which is not a negligible part of this city, even a major portion of todays
urbanized Dhaka city.
We studied 26 major slums of Dhaka city, where we focused on the problems
associated with the water supply, sanitation and waste management system.
4.1 CONDITION OF WATER SUPPLY FACILTIY

Studies show that millions of urban poor in Dhaka city do not have legal access to
water. Legal, financial and institutional obligations do not allow formal agencies such
as Dhaka Water Supply and Sewerage Authority (DWASA) and Dhaka City
Corporation (DCC) to consider squatter settlements as legal entities eligible for basic
urban water supply. Present water supply conditions have been investigated during the
field survey in the selected slums. Most of the water sources used in the slum i.e.
water taps, tube wells and wells located either inside or outside the slum areas are
`
78
installed by Dhaka City Corporation and various NGOs. Some shallow tube wells are
constructed and financed by the inhabitants or personally by tenants. Some water
supply connections are from one or more residential buildings, which is illegal and
people of slums need to buy water from the owner of that building. Consequently, the
slum dwellers spend much of their time and resources buying water from local water
lords, offices, factories, and other sources. This is so because the very poor of the
slums do not have enough money to pay the metropolitan authoritys water bills make
full use of the system.
The classification of water source found in the slums of Dhaka city as WASA Supply,
Pond, River/ Lake/ Ditch, Tube well and well is shown in Figure 4.1.
Water
Source
WASA
Supply
Pond
River/
Lake/Ditch
Tube Well
Well
Figure 4.1: Classification of water source

People use this water in domestic and drinking purpose without boiling and filtering.
The response of the people for available water sources for different domestic purposes
is presented in Table 4.1.
`
79
Table 4.1: Response from questioner survey for available water sources & its use
Slum name
Purpose
of water
WASA
Pond
supply
River/
Lake/
Tube
Well
well
safe
use
water
Ditch
Bhoran Slum
DRINKING
Abdullahpur
WASHING
Slum
Use of
source
10
10
10
10
03
03
03
03
30
12
42
&
HOUSING
CHORES
Sluice Gate
DRINKING
Slum
Paris Road
Slum
WASHING
&
HOUSING
CHORES
Baonia Badh
DRINKING
Slum
Duaripara
Slum
WASHING
&
HOUSING
CHORES
Arambagh
DRINKING
`
80
Slum
Shialbari
Slum
WASHING
&
HOUSING
30
12
42
1000
1000
1000
1002
14
06
14
06
200
200
200
200
23
23
CHORES
Muktijoddha
DRINKING
Abason Slum
Godara Ghat
Slum
WASHING
&
HOUSING
CHORES
Diabari Slum
DRINKING
Pora Slum
WASHING
&
HOUSING
CHORES
Kallyanpur
DRINKING
Slum
Bhasantek
Slum
WASHING
&
HOUSING
CHORES
Karail Slum
DRINKING
`
81
Karail
Bangla Wall
WASHING
&
HOUSING
23
23
28
16
28
16
12
19
12
19
02
02
02
02
30
80
110
Slum
CHORES
Begunbari
DRINKING
Slum
Malibagh
Slum
WASHING
&
HOUSING
CHORES
Karwan
DRINKING
Bazar Slum
Agargaon
Slum
WASHING
&
HOUSING
CHORES
Agargaon
DRINKING
Slum
Dhaka Udyan
Slum
WASHING
&
HOUSING
CHORES
Bashbari
DRINKING
Slum
`
82
Bosila Slum
WASHING
&
HOUSING
30
80
110
26
26
26
26
30
30
30
30
24
24
24
25
90
93
CHORES
Kaderiabad
DRINKING
Slum
Rasel Square
Slum
WASHING
&
HOUSING
CHORES
Bhoran Slum
DRINKING
Abdullahpur
WASHING
Slum
&
HOUSING
CHORES
Sluice Gate
DRINKING
Slum
Paris Road
Slum
WASHING
&
HOUSING
CHORES
Baonia Badh
DRINKING
Slum
`
83
Duaripara
Slum
WASHING
&
HOUSING
90
93
11
11
11
11
05
05
05
05
CHORES
Arambagh
DRINKING
Slum
Shialbari
Slum
WASHING
&
HOUSING
CHORES
Muktijoddha
DRINKING
Abason Slum
Godara Ghat
Slum
WASHING
&
HOUSING
CHORES
Diabari Slum
DRINKING
Pora Slum
WASHING
&
HOUSING
CHORES
Kallyanpur
DRINKING
Slum
Bhasantek
WASHING
&
`
84
Slum
HOUSING
50
20
70
50
20
71
20
20
20
20
16
16
16
17
CHORES
Karail Slum
DRINKING
Karail
WASHING
Bangla Wall
&
HOUSING
Slum
CHORES
Begunbari
DRINKING
Slum
Malibagh
Slum
WASHING
&
HOUSING
CHORES
Karwan
DRINKING
Bazar Slum
Agargaon
Slum
WASHING
&
HOUSING
CHORES
Agargaon
DRINKING
Slum
Dhaka Udyan
Slum
WASHING
&
HOUSING
`
85
CHORES
Bashbari
DRINKING
23
23
23
23
12
12
12
12
Slum
Bosila Slum
WASHING
&
HOUSING
CHORES
Kaderiabad
DRINKING
Slum
Rasel Square
Slum
WASHING
&
HOUSING
CHORES
Figure 4.2 4.9 show different water supply scenarios in the slums of Dhaka city in
the next page.
`
86
Figure 4.2: Tube well used as main

water
source
Figure 4.3: Tubewell used for bathing

and washing
Figure 4.4: Illegal and unhygienic pipe

connection
Figure 4.5: Shallow wells used for

household chores only
Figure 4.6: River used for bathing and

washing
Figure 4.7: Water usage in unhealthy

condition
Figure 4.9: Collection of water
Figure 4.8: Queue to collect water
`
87
The water consumption for different purposes estimated from the field survey is
presented in Table 4.2 together with minimum water requirement for various domestic
purposes. The water consumption rate for domestic purposes in the studied slums
mostly matches the required rate of consumption. According to the respondents water
sources are inadequate to meet their requirements.
Table 4.2: Water Requirement for Different Domestic Purposes in the Slum
Water Consumption (lpcd)
Water Requirement in Bangladesh

(lpcd)
Slum Name
Bhoran
Drinking
Cooking
Bathing
Washing
15
26
14
12
20
15
Slum
Abdullahpur
Slum
Sluice Gate
Slum
Paris Road
Slum
Baonia
Badh Slum
Duaripara
Slum
`
88
Drinking
Cooking
Bathing
Washing
Arambagh
12
10
Slum
Shialbari
Slum
Muktijoddh
3-4
a Abason
Slum
Godara
15
11
Pora Slum
14
10
Kallyanpur
20
10
24
10
Karail Slum
26
Karail
22
14
Ghat Slum
Diabari
Slum
Slum
Bhasantek
Slum
Bangla Wall
Slum
`
89
3-6
10-26
8-10
Begunbari
12
24
10
14
10
16
16
18
11
Bosila Slum
10
Kaderiabad
15
10
10
Slum
Malibagh
Slum
Karwan
Bazar Slum
Agargaon
Slum
Agargaon
Slum
Dhaka
Udyan Slum
Bashbari
Slum
Slum
Rasel
Square
Slum
`
90
4.1.1 AN OVERVIEW OF THE PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH

THE WATER SUPPLY FACILITY
Although the available water sources in the slums are not sufficient to fulfill
the water requirement of the slum people, several sources were observed to be
inoperative due to lack of maintenance.
Some caretakers or community programme committees allow insolvent slum

people some access to water supply, the most the slum people can expect is a
couple of pots of water for drinking and cooking. They have to buy water
(e.g.: 2tk per liter) for each purpose which is tough for these poor people to
afford.
It was found that, if the very poor people cannot pay for the use of authorized
water facilities, they use any other available water source. For example, public
standpipes (hydrants) provided by the Dhaka Water and Sewerage Authority
have water that is free to slum dwellers, but they are usually placed at the edge
of a slum so most of the people who use them must walk long distances and
wait in long queues.
Illegal connections to the Water and Sewerage Authority pipelines are created
by some people in all or most of the slum areas which creates scarcity of water
in other authorized areas.
Generally, the slum people dont face any problem using water in case of
bathing and washing. But sometimes the water from tap contains bad smell &
insects.
`
91
Being health unconscious, the slum people do not boil or filter the water
before drink. As a result, they suffer from various waterborne diseases such as
diarrhea, cholera and so on.
Due to the limitation of water source, some people take bath once in every two
or three days which is very unhygienic.
People get involved in arguments and fights while collecting water or paying
for water.
In recent years, several programs have been undertaken by various DCC &
NGOs and other organizations to diminish the water supply problem in the
slum and recommend the inhabitants for using safer water for day to day
chores; as a result, use of safe water for domestic purpose have increased. But
still the use of unsafe pond and river water for washing, bathing and other
works can be seen.
4.2 CONDITION OF SANITATION PRACTICE
Miscellaneous condition can be seen while investigating the state of sanitation

facilities in the selected slums in Dhaka city. In most of the slums City
Corporation has taken measure to build latrines; though the number might not
be adequate but the situation is definitely improving. But still in some places
the situation is as worse as ever and the condition of sanitation practice is
miserable. The commonly available sanitation facilities include pit latrine,
hanging latrine, slab over drain and open space. Pit latrine is the most
commonly used and feasible option of sanitation because of it easy
construction and less expense. Most of the pit latrines were traditional,
whereas the rest were ventilated improved pit latrines (VIP latrines). In
general, more solvent households tend to use private household latrines.
`
92
Poorer households make more use of cluster or community latrines i.e.

shared latrines with 15 booths connected to a septic tank or to the main sewer
system. DCC has promoted several sanitation improvement projects which
include construction of communal sanitation latrines. For the detailed and
corresponding condition of slum sanitation practice, the pattern of sanitation
as Single, Communal, Hanging and Open sanitation practice in slum areas is
shown in Figure 4.10.
Sanitation
Latrines
Single
Communal
Hanging
Open
Figure 4.10: Pattern of sanitation latrine

The available number of sanitation facilities in the selected slums according to the
respondents and found during field survey is shown in Table 4.3.
Table 4.3: Available sanitation facilities in slums of Dhaka
Slum name
No. Of
Single
Communal
Hanging
Open
household
Bhoran Slum
1300
10
15
Abdullahpur Slum
400
20
10
Sluice Gate Slum
1600
Paris Road Slum
6000
30
50
Baonia Badh Slum
10000
1000
Duaripara Slum
4000
20
10
Arambagh Slum
5000
500
20
`
93
Shialbari Slum
5100
10
10
Muktijoddha Abason
3500
20
10
Godara Ghat Slum
2500
24
18
Diabari Slum
2940
40
10
Pora Slum
4000
200
10
Kallyanpur Slum
10000
38
Bhasantek Slum
18000
40
Karail Slum
40
24
12
20
Karail Bangla Wall
6000
50
10
12
Begunbari Slum
750
10
20
Malibagh Slum
850
15
Karwan Bazar Slum
20
10
Agargaon Slum
102
Agargaon Slum
1200
10
Dhaka Udyan Slum
1400
Bashbari Slum
1500
Bosila Slum
40
14
28
14
Kaderiabad Slum
1100
20
10
Rasel Square Slum
850
20
Slum
Slum
Figure 4.11-4.16 show different sanitation practice scenarios in the slums of Dhaka
city in the next page.
`
94
Figure 4.11: Commonly used pit lartine
Figure 4.12: Coexistence of pit latrine

and tube well
Figure 4.13: Communal toilets
Figure 4.14: Hanging latrine
Figure 4.15: Children excretion on open

space
Figure 4.16: Water pollution due to

improper sanitation
`
95
However, in congested slums, because of space limit opportunities for installing

latrines and low average household incomes, three or four households almost always
share a latrine, whether sanitary or not. The Table 4.4 shows that the dependency on
latrines varies widely from one slum to another. But generally the condition is very
unhygienic and people face terrible health and environment pollution in all the studied
slums.
Table 4.4: Availability of sanitation facilities in the slums
Slum Name
Population
No. Of latrines
Dependence
per latrine
Bhoran Slum
12000
30
400
Abdullahpur Slum
2500
30
85
Sluice Gate Slum
10000
12
835
Paris Road Slum
28000
80
350
Baonia Badh Slum
50000
1000
50
Duaripara Slum
20000
40
500
Arambagh Slum
30000
520
60
Shialbari Slum
25500
30
850
Muktijoddha Abason
18000
36
500
Godara Ghat Slum
12000
50
240
Diabari Slum
15200
50
304
Pora Slum
30000
210
145
Kallyanpur Slum
100000
44
2280
Bhasantek Slum
130000
45
29000
Slum
`
96
Karail Slum
120000
64
1875
Karail Bangla Wall
35000
75
470
Begunbari Slum
5500
30
185
Malibagh Slum
5000
15
340
Karwan Bazar Slum
10000
24
420
Agargaon Slum
510
12
43
Agargaon Slum
8000
14
572
Dhaka Udyan Slum
10500
12
875
Bashbari Slum
12000
14
860
Bosila Slum
2500
74
35
Kaderiabad Slum
12500
35
360
Rasel Square Slum
5000
20
250
Slum
4.2.1 AN OVERVIEW OF THE PROBLEMS REGARDING THE

SANITATION PRACTICE
Insufficiency of water and negligence of slum people for cleanliness,

unhygienic condition and foul odor are the most common problems in slum
sanitation practice. In both rural and urban areas, the cost of installing sanitary
latrines is often mentioned as a reason for not using the hygienic latrines.
Where ground water is used as a source of domestic water, use of pit latrines is
not recommended because the two are incompatible unless the water table is
extremely low and soil characteristics are not likely to contribute to
`
97
contamination of ground water. But during the field survey it was observed
that both pit latrines and shallow tube wells coexisted in most of the slums.
The commonly used guideline is that the well should be located in an area
higher than and at least 15 m from the pit latrines and should be at least 2 m
above the water table. However, the congestion in the slums of Dhaka city
does not allow for adequate distance between the wells and the pit latrines,
which allows micro-organisms to migrate from fecal contents into the
underground water sources.
Hanging latrines contaminate water of pond, ditches and lakes along the
latrines. And this leads serious hazardous to human health.
A walk through the slum areas confirmed the report of excreting

indiscriminately and human excreta was observed scattered all over the
compounds. Such practices lead to contamination of water and consequently
water-borne diseases.
It was observed that the situation of sanitation becomes worse during the rainy
season due to higher water level and leeched problem.
The slum people are not aware of using the latrines properly. Slum people do
not keep the latrines neat and clean and most of them do not wash their hands
properly after using latrines since they are not enough conscious of this.
4.3 CONDITION OF WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Solid waste management is considered to be a critical issue in most of the slums,
especially the more congested ones. In the slum, there is no systematic arrangement
for solid waste management and disposal. Pathways, drains and water bodies are,
usually, filled with garbage unless some system is in place to collect it. Since slum
people are not enough aware of being neat and clean they often throw various wastes
`
98
like papers, packets, vegetables waste, food waste etc. here and there. They normally
dump their daily waste to the roadside open spaces, nearby ponds and into the drains.
In some slums, DCC and several NGOs have provided small containers where
garbage from a particular lane can be deposited. This, in turn, is collected by waste
collecting trucks and deposited in large concrete dustbins built by the municipality
near the boundaries of many slums. In several locations, the evaluation team found
that residents were paying small monthly amounts (Tk.1020) for garbage collection
services. Some of the slum people work as garbage collector in several areas
appointed by NGOs or DCC.
Collected data of available waste disposal patterns categorized according to as
Dustbin, Open space, Ditch and Community is shown in Figure 4.17and the number
of usage is given in Table 4.5.
Disposal Site
Dustbin
Open Space
Ditch
Community
Figure 4.17: Solid waste disposal site type

Table 4.5: Solid waste disposal practice in Slum
Slum name
Solid waste disposal type

Dustbin
Open Space
Ditch
Community
Bhoran Slum
Abdullahpur Slum
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99
Sluice Gate Slum
Paris Road Slum
Baonia Badh Slum
Duaripara Slum
Arambagh Slum
Shialbari Slum
Muktijoddha Abason
Godara Ghat Slum
Diabari Slum
Pora Slum
Kallyanpur Slum
Bhasantek Slum
Karail Slum
36
Karail Bangla Wall
Begunbari Slum
Malibagh Slum
Slum
Slum
`
100
Karwan Bazar Slum
10
Agargaon Slum
Agargaon Slum
Dhaka Udyan Slum
Bashbari Slum
Bosila Slum
16
24
Kaderiabad Slum
Rasel Square Slum
Figure 4.18-4.23 show different scenarios of waste management system of slums in

Dhaka city in the next page.
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101
Figure 4.19: Scattering of waste near

dustbin
Figure 4.18: Community waste

collecting van
Figure 4.20: Open space used for

damping waste
Figure 4.21: Collecting household

wastes
Figure 4.23: Scavenger at dustbin
Figue 4.22: Blockage of drain due to

wastage throw
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102
4.3.1 AN OVERVIEW OF THE PROBLEMS COUPLED WITH

THE WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Dhaka is facing serious difficulties keeping up with its ever-increasing waste

disposal burden. The city now generates over thirty-five hundred metric tons
of waste every day, far outstripping the coping capacity of municipal
authorities. The quantity of waste generation by slum dwellers may be small
individually but total quantity of waste generation is far greater than cities
estimated.
Insufficient solid waste service delivery is not only resulting pilling of wastes
in slum areas and its neighborhoods but also resulting serious threat to the
environmental health to the largest part of the urban population.
The consequence of negligence for solid waste service delivery to urban poor
certainly creates several health problems to slum residents which ultimately
add extra pressure on slum dwellers due to medical expenditure and other
associated costs.
Waste buckets or dustbins provided by City Corporation have pointed the

scattering disposal of waste materials. Perhaps the people use to throw wastes
to dustbin improperly or in a hurry for which the waste materials generally
remain scattered outside the dustbins.
Open Space waste disposal cause serious unhygienic condition for the
environment. It causes combination of various air conjunctive miseries
affecting the health of people.
Uncontrolled waste disposal makes the dirty and filthy scenario of Slum in
Dhaka city.
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103
4.4 PICTURE OF STUDIED SLUMS AT A GLANCE

The overall condition of the slums can be understood by the following scoring system.
4.4.1 SCORING FOR GENRAL CONDITION (0-5)

0= the site is very dirty and its roads and buildings are badly dilapidated while a part
of people can be homeless and live in tents. The area is contaminated by many
pollutants or can be used as a dumping site.
1= the problems are still serious, but less than in areas with the score of 0 and
maintenance work can be seen to have taken place.
2= some of the inhabitants are doing better, i.e. some houses have been improved and
the environment is good with planted trees, indicating that people has started caring
for the environment (valid in tropical, semi-rural site); paths are unpaved, but provide
ready access. People may wear old cloths but most of them are clean.
3= many houses are in good condition and most inhabitants seem to be working. The
house and the people may still be poor, but are clean.
4= most houses are in good condition.
5= practically all houses and roads are in good condition or under construction, that
there are no dilapidated houses and that the area is good for living.
4.4.2 SCORING FOR WATER SUPPLY (0-5)

0= there is no water supply and in some cases people have to buy pitchers of water.
1= there is drinking water but of poor quality or not always available and the source is
far away.
2= Tap water is hardly available and people depend mostly on shallow tube-wells
which is usually contaminated. So people use dirty water for drinking as well as
washing.
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104
3= tap water is not available all day long so people use shallow tube-wells water for
day to day chores and use tap water mainly for drinking purposes.
4= tap water is continuously available and there is some guarantee of its quality.
5= tap water is available in most houses. The water quality is regularly analyzed for
chemical and microbiological qualities .Water must be disinfected using any effective
available method such as solar treatment (SODIS), boiling, UV irradiation or
chemical.
Thus there must be a scientific basic for the water quality. The water must preserve
under a cover in container.
4.4.3 SCORING FOR SANITATION PRACTICE (0-5)

0= no sanitation.
1= serious shortage in sanitation can be seen by the presence and smell of human
excreta along roadsides and other public places. People use mostly hanging latrines or
defecate in open places.
2= a large proportion of people have access to latrine, but many latrines are not clean
and outlet opens to water bodies (known as hanging latrine).
3= latrine facilities are average but still few open latrine can be seen and most places
have drainage facilities.
4= latrines are environment friendly and are enough for the population.
5= all families, schools and other organization have safe latrines and drainage
channels or waste water pipes.
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105
4.4.4 SCORING FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (0-5)

0= Heaps of garbage can be seen everywhere in the slum and bad odor is everywhere.
1= several dumping sites are visible in sight but these are never cleaned. Most of these
are nearby water bodies.
2= Surrounding area is rather unhygienic but dumped wastes are burnt once in a while
as part of cleaning procedure.
3= dustbin have been made recently but area is not very dirty.
4= most wastes are deposited in dustbin and area in pretty clean
5= all solid wastes are deposited in a specific dustbin no evidence of visible solid
waste.
Table 4.6: Details of numbering from 0 to 5
Number
Details of Numbering
Serious condition
Means the problem are still serious, but less than in areas with the
score of 0.
Means that obviously some of the inhabitant are doing better
environment is in good condition and inhabitants want a better life
Better than 3
Environmentally good and hygienic
`
106
Table 4.7: Summary of numbering from 0 to 5

Name of
General
Water
Sanitation
Waste
Av
Slum
condition
Supply
System
Disposal
g.
System
Scaling
0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5
Bhoran
Abdullahpur
Sluice Gate
Paris Road
Baonia Badh
Duaripara
Arambagh
Shialbari
Muktijoddha Abason
Godara Ghat
Diabari
Pora
Kallyanpur
Bhasantek
Karail
Karail Bangla Wall
Begunbari
Malibagh
Karwan Bazar
1
`
107
Agargaon
Agargaon
Dhaka Udyan
Bashbari
Bosila
Kaderiabad
Rasel Square
The overall scenarios of slums of Dhaka city are shown in the Figure 4.24-4.27.
`
108
Nam e of Slums
1- BHORA N BO ST EE
2- ABDULLAHPUR BO STE E
3- SLUICE G ATE BO ST EE
4- PARIS RO AD BO STE E
5- BAO NIA BADH BO ST EE
6- DUA RIPRA BO ST EE
7- ARAMB AGH BO ST EE
8- SHIA LB ARI BO ST EE
9- MUKT IJO DDHA ABAS ON BO ST EE
10- G ODARA G HAT BO ST EE
11- DIA BARI BO ST EE
12- PO RA BOS TE E
13- KALLYA NPUR BO ST EE
14- BHAS ANTE K B OS TEE
15- KARA IL BOS TE E
16- KARA IL BANG LA W ALL BO ST EE
17- BEG UNBA RI BOS TE E
18- MALIBAG H B OS TEE
19- KARW AN BO STE E
20- AG ARG AO N BO ST EE
22- DHAKA UDYAN BO ST EE
23- BAS HBARI BO ST EE
24- BO SILA BO ST EE
25- KADE RIAB AD B OS TEE
26- RASE L SQ UARE BO ST EE
"8"
8
1
1 2
83
"
8"
8
"
7
6
8
"
10
8
9"8
8
"
12
6
87"8
8
"
34
8
"
14
18
8
"
13
19
16
8
"
23 44
8
"
24 2547
21
38
42
8
"
LEGEND
16
20
41
8
"
15
8
"
8"
2120
10
46
17
14
11"8 13
9 12 11
2243
15
5"8
8
"
8
"
40
39
8
"
26 19
51
49
50
26
55
"
8
8"
"
8
17 22
37
45
58
57
18
33
61 64
550 1-15 200
"
8
250 1-55 00
8"
500 -250 0
W ard A rea
28
29
W at er B od y
30
69 70
74 75
71
68
77 76
72 78
80
73
79 81
67
65 66
8
"
W ard B oun dary
32 31
63
152 01-2 550 0
27
56
59
8
"
25
34
36
62
60
24
"
358
48
52
255 01-1 300 00
23
54
53
8
"
85
84
86
87
82
83
88
90
89
S
Figure 4.24: Population scenario of slums of Dhaka city
`
109
Nam e of Slums
1- BHORA N BO ST EE
12- PO RA BOS TE E
1
1 2
3
8"
8"
8"
7
6
2
15
"
8
85
"
"
8
10
6
878"
98"
"
8
16
LEGEND
8
"
8"
16
2120
20
41
21
38
42
23 44
" 258
8
"
24 47
15
19
8"
8
"
"
8
18
14
10
8
"
46
14
11 13 13
8
"
9 12 11
2243
"
8"
8
3"
8
"
12 8
8"
17
40
8"
17 22
37
45
39
8"
50
53
24
58
57
18
34
33
36
59
63-1 02
8
"
33-6 2
"
8
13-3 2
8"
3-12
27
W ard A rea
28
56
32 31
62
8
"
25
35
48
52
>1 02
23
54
8"
49
26
55
8"
26 19
51
8
"
W ard B oun dary
29
W at er B od y
30
63
69 70
74 75
61 64
60
71
67
68
77 76
65 66
72 78
80
73
79 81
85
84
86
87
82
83
88
90
89
S
Figure 4.25: Water supply scenario of slums of Dhaka city
`
110
Nam e of Slums
1- BHORA N BO ST EE
12- PO RA BOS TE E
"
8
1
1 2
3
8"
8"
8
"
7
6
"
8
8
6
87
"
8
"
8
"
8
11 13
8
"
9 12 11
18
"
8
13
19
16
23 44
"
8
24 2547
LEGEND
16
20
21
38
42
8"
15
8
"
8"
412120
8"
8"
46
14
"
8
10
8"
17
14
"
12 8
2243
15
5"8 5
8
"
34
"
8
10
40
39
8"
"
8
26 19
51
8
"
"
8
17 22
37
45
50
23
54
24
8"
49
26
55
53
1835
34
48
52
58
57
25
33
36
59
8
"
144 -239
8
"
72-1 43
"
8
24-7 1
8"
12-2 3
27
W ard A rea
28
W ard B oun dary
29
W at er B od y
30
63
60
>2 39
56
32 31
62
8
"
69 70
74 75
71
67
68
77 76
65 66
72 78
80
73
79 81
85
61 64
84
86
87
82
83
88
90
89
S
Figure 4.26: Sanitation practice scenario of slums of Dhaka city
`
111
Nam e of Slums
1- BHORA N BO ST EE
12- PO RA BOS TE E
1
1 2
"
83
8"
8"
"
8
7
6
2
15
"
8
8"
10
8"
6
87
8"
8"
9
8"
8"
12
5
4
17
14
8"
18
14
8"
11 13 13
9 12 11
8"
19
16
8
"
8"
16
2120
8"
10
20
41
2243
8"
23 44
8 25
"
24 47
LEGEND
21
38
42
8"
46
8
"
15
40
39
8
"
8"
26 19
51
8"
8"
17 22
37
45
55
26
23
54
24
1835
25
8"
49
50
53
34
48
52
58
57
36
33
32 31
59
63
69 70
74 75
61 64
60
71
67
68
77 76
65 66
72 78
80
73
79 81
32-4 0
8
"
24-3 1
8
"
16-2 3
"
8
8-15
8"
0-7
27
W ard A rea
28
56
62
8
"
29
W ard B oun dary
30
W at er B od y
85
84
86
87
82
83
88
90
89
S
Figure 4.27: Waste management system scenario of slums of Dhaka city
`
112
CHAPTER 5
STATISTAICAL ANALYSIS
5.1
T-TEST
(INTERPRETATION
OF
CORRELATION
COEFFICIENTS
T-test has been conducted between population with available water source, sanitation
and waste management scenario respectively to understand the sufficiency compared
to it.
For n pair of sample sets such as (x, y), (x, y), (x, y) (xn, yn), where
correlation is than,
t = r (n-2)
(1-r2 )
Here, r = sample correlation and n = no. of paired samples
`
113
5.1.1 COMPARING POPULATION WITH AVAILABLE WATER

SOURCE
Slum Name
WaterSource, X Population,Y
X2
Y2
XY
Bhoran Slum
11
12000
121 1.4E+08 132000
Abdullahpur Slum
4
2500
16 6250000 10000
Sluice Gate Slum
8
10000
64
1E+08 80000
Paris Road Slum
42
28000
1764 7.8E+08 1E+06
Baonia Badh Slum
1002
50000
1E+06 2.5E+09 5E+07
Duaripara Slum
15
20000
225
4E+08 300000
Arambagh Slum
200
30000
40000 9E+08 6E+06
Shialbari Slum
23
25500
529 6.5E+08 586500
30
18000
900 3.2E+08 540000
Godara Ghat Slum
19
12000
361 1.4E+08 228000
Diabari Slum
3
15200
9
2.3E+08 45600
PoraSlum
110
30000
12100 9E+08 3E+06
Kallyanpur Slum
26
100000
676
1E+10 3E+06
Bhasantek Slum
13
130000
169 1.7E+10 2E+06
Karail Slum
25
120000
625 1.4E+10 3E+06
94
35000
8836 1.2E+09 3E+06
Begunbari Slum
12
5500
144
3E+07 66000
Malibagh Slum
5
5000
25
2.5E+07 25000
Karwan Bazar Slum
6
10000
36
1E+08 60000
Agargaon Slum
7
510
49
260100 3570
Agargaon Slum
6
8000
36
6.4E+07 48000
Dhaka Udyan Slum
70
10500
4900 1.1E+08 735000
Bashbari Slum
20
12000
400 1.4E+08 240000
Bosila Slum
17
2500
289 6250000 42500
Kaderiabad Slum
23
12500
529 1.6E+08 287500
Rasel Square Slum
12
5000
144 2.5E+07 60000
SUM
1803
709710
1E+06 5E+10 7E+07
We know, r =
= .12
Now, t =
= .59
From two tailed T-table analysis if the degree of freedom is (26-2) = 24, t must be at
least 2.064 to reach p<.05. But calculated t is 0.59, so there is no statistical relation
between Population and Available Water Source. But if the no. of water source
`
114
increases, significant relationship can be established between these two criteria. In

other words, no. of water source is insufficient compared to the population in these
slums.
5.1.2
COMPARING
POPULATION
WITH
AVAILABLE
SANITATION FACILITY
Slum Name
Bhoran Slum
Abdullahpur Slum
Sluice Gate Slum
Paris Road Slum
Baonia Badh Slum
Duaripara Slum
Arambagh Slum
Shialbari Slum
Godara Ghat Slum
Diabari Slum
PoraSlum
Kallyanpur Slum
Bhasantek Slum
Karail Slum
Begunbari Slum
Malibagh Slum
Karwan Bazar Slum
Agargaon Slum
Agargaon Slum
Dhaka Udyan Slum
Bashbari Slum
Bosila Slum
Kaderiabad Slum
Rasel Square Slum
SUM
Sanitation,X
30
20
12
80
1000
35
520
30
45
50
50
210
34
36
64
75
30
15
24
12
14
12
14
74
35
20
2541
We know, r =
= .17
Now, t =
= 0.84
`
115
Population,Y
12000
2500
10000
28000
50000
20000
30000
25500
18000
12000
15200
30000
100000
130000
120000
35000
5500
5000
10000
510
8000
10500
12000
2500
12500
5000
709710
X2
900
400
144
6400
1E+06
1225
3E+05
900
2025
2500
2500
44100
1156
1296
4096
5625
900
225
576
144
196
144
196
5476
1225
400
1E+06
Y2
1E+08
6E+06
1E+08
8E+08
3E+09
4E+08
9E+08
7E+08
3E+08
1E+08
2E+08
9E+08
1E+10
2E+10
1E+10
1E+09
3E+07
3E+07
1E+08
260100
6E+07
1E+08
1E+08
6E+06
2E+08
3E+07
5E+10
XY
360000
50000
120000
2E+06
5E+07
700000
2E+07
765000
810000
600000
760000
6E+06
3E+06
5E+06
8E+06
3E+06
165000
75000
240000
6120
112000
126000
168000
185000
437500
100000
1E+08
between Population and Available Sanitation Facility. But if the no. of sanitation
facilities increases, significant relationship can be established between these two
criteria. In other words, available sanitation facility is insufficient compared to the
population in these slums.
`
116
5.1.3 COMPARING POPULATION WITH AVAILABLE WASTE

MANAGEMENT FACILITY
Slum Name
WasteManagement,X Population,Y
Bhoran Slum
2
12000
Abdullahpur Slum
0
2500
Sluice Gate Slum
12
10000
Paris Road Slum
4
28000
Baonia Badh Slum
4
50000
Duaripara Slum
1
20000
Arambagh Slum
9
30000
Shialbari Slum
2
25500
0
18000
Godara Ghat Slum
8
12000
Diabari Slum
0
15200
PoraSlum
5
30000
Kallyanpur Slum
3
100000
Bhasantek Slum
5
130000
Karail Slum
40
120000
16
35000
Begunbari Slum
5
5500
Malibagh Slum
1
5000
Karwan Bazar Slum
17
10000
Agargaon Slum
6
510
Agargaon Slum
6
8000
Dhaka Udyan Slum
6
10500
Bashbari Slum
4
12000
Bosila Slum
40
2500
Kaderiabad Slum
5
12500
Rasel Square Bostee
1
5000
SUM
202
709710
We know, r =
X2
4
0
144
16
16
1
81
4
0
64
0
25
9
25
1600
256
25
1
289
36
36
36
16
1600
25
1
4310
Y2
1E+08
6E+06
1E+08
8E+08
3E+09
4E+08
9E+08
7E+08
3E+08
1E+08
2E+08
9E+08
1E+10
2E+10
1E+10
1E+09
3E+07
3E+07
1E+08
260100
6E+07
1E+08
1E+08
6E+06
2E+08
3E+07
5E+10
= .27
Now, t =
= 1.37
between Population and Available Sanitation Facility. But if the no. of sanitation
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117
XY
24000
0
1E+05
1E+05
2E+05
20000
3E+05
51000
0
96000
0
2E+05
3E+05
7E+05
5E+06
6E+05
27500
5000
2E+05
3060
48000
63000
48000
1E+05
62500
5000
8E+06
facilities increases, significant relationship can be established between these two

criteria. In other words, available sanitation facility is insufficient compared to the
population in these slums.
5.2 Z-TEST (TEST SIGNIFICANCE OF DIFFERENCE BETWEEN

TWO SAMPLE PROPORTIONS)
Z test is used to understand the difference between two samples. If samples ratios of
two sample n1 and n2 is respectively P1 and P2 then,
Z=| (P1 - P2) / [P (1 P) * {(1/n1) + (1/n2)}] |
Here, P = (n1 P1 + n2 P2)/ (n1 + n2)
Hypothesis: 1 = 2; no difference exists between samples.
1 2; difference exists between samples.
5.2.1 WATER SUPPLY SCENARIO OF STUDIED SLUMS WITH

RESPECT TO AGARGAON SLUM
For example, In Agargaon slum, Population, N1 = 510 and No. of water source, X1 = 7
In Uttara slum, Population, N2= 12000 and No. of water source, X2= 11
Here, P1 =
Here, P =
Z=
= .014 and P2 =
=.0009
= .0014
=7.7
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118
No.
Name of
Ratio
Total
Ratio,
P=N/X P
Slum
Population Water
Source
N
X
Erro Decision
r
5%
Agargaon Slum
510
0.014
0.0014
7.75
1.96
Bhoran Slum
12000
11
0.0009
Huge
difference
between
two slums
Agargaon Slum
510
0.014
0.0037
4.14
1.96
Abdullahpur
Slum
2500
0.0016
Huge
difference
between
two slums
Agargaon Slum
510
0.014
0.0014
7.78
1.96
Sluice Gate Slum
10000
0.0008
Huge
difference
between
two slums
Agargaon Slum
510
0.014
0.0017
6.79
1.96
Paris Road Slum
28000
42
0.0015
Huge
difference
between
two slums
Agargaon Slum
510
0.014
0.02
0.96
1.96
1002
0.02
No
difference
between
two slums
0.0011
8.84
1.96
Huge
difference
between
two slums
0.007
2.15
1.96
No
difference
between
two slums
0.0012
8.45
1.96
Huge
difference
between
two slums
0.0020
6.01
1.96
Huge
difference
between
two slums
0.002
5.94
1.96
Huge
difference
Baonia
Slum
6
10
Badh 50000
Agargaon Slum
510
0.014
Duaripara Slum
20000
15
0.0008
Agargaon Slum
510
0.014
Arambagh Slum
30000
200
0.006
Agargaon Slum
510
0.014
Shialbari Slum
25500
23
0.0008
Agargaon Slum
510
0.014
Muktijoddha
Abason Slum
18000
30
0.0017
Agargaon Slum
510
0.014
Godara
Ghat
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119
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Slum
12000
19
0.002
Agargaon Slum
510
0.014
Diabari Slum
15200
0.0002
Agargaon Slum
510
0.014
Pora Slum
30000
110
0.004
Agargaon Slum
510
0.014
Kallyanpur Slum
100000
26
0.0003
Agargaon Slum
510
0.014
Bhasantek Slum
130000
13
0.0001
Agargaon Slum
510
0.014
Karail Slum
120000
25
0.0002
Agargaon Slum
510
0.014
Karail
Bangla 35000
Wall Slum
94
0.003
Agargaon Slum
510
0.014
Begunbari Slum
5500
12
0.0022
Agargaon Slum
510
0.014
Malibagh Slum
5000
0.0010
Agargaon Slum
510
0.014
0.0006
Karwan
Slum
20
Bazar 10000
Agargaon Slum
510
0.014
Agargaon Slum
8000
0.0008
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120
between
two slums
0.0006
11.9
1
1.96
Huge
difference
between
two slums
0.004
3.55
1.96
Huge
difference
between
two slums
0.0003
16.7
4
1.96
Huge
difference
between
two slums
0.0002
24.8
1
1.96
Huge
difference
between
two slums
0.0003
18.7
1.96
Huge
difference
between
two slums
0.003
4.51
1.96
Huge
difference
between
two slums
0.0032
4.44
1.96
Huge
difference
between
two slums
0.0022
5.87
1.96
Huge
difference
between
two slums
0.0012
8.23
1.96
Huge
difference
between
two slums
0.0015
7.49
1.96
Huge
difference
between
two slums
21
Agargaon Slum
Dhaka
Slum
22
23
24
25
510
Udyan 10500
0.014
70
0.006
Agargaon Slum
510
0.014
Bashbari Slum
12000
20
0.0016
Agargaon Slum
510
0.014
Bosila Slum
2500
17
0.0068
Agargaon Slum
510
0.014
Kaderiabad Slum
12500
23
0.0018
Agargaon Slum
510
0.014
12
0.0024
Rasel
Slum
Square 5000
0.007
2.12
1.96
No
difference
between
two slums
0.002
6.14
1.96
Huge
difference
between
two slums
0.0080
1.60
1.96
No
difference
between
two slums
0.0023
5.49
1.96
Huge
difference
between
two slums
0.0034
4.19
1.96
Huge
difference
between
two slums
Water source Scenario with respect to

Agargaon Slum
Same 16%
Different 84%
Figure 5.1: Water source scenario with respect to Agargaon slum
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121
5.2.2 SANITATION PRACTICE SCENARIO OF STUDIED SLUMS

WITH RESPECT TO AGARGAON SLUM
Sanitation Availability with respect to

Agargaon Slum
Same 16%
Different 84%
Figure 5.2: Sanitation availability with respect to Agargaon slum
5.2.3 WASTE MANAGEMENT SCENARIO OF STUDIED SLUMS

WITH RESPECT TO AGARGAON SLUM
Waste Management Scenario with respect

to
Agargaon Slum
Same 12%
Different 88%
Figure 5.3: Waste management system with respect to Agargaon slum

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122
Above Z tests show us the similarities and dissimilarities in surveyed slums according
to their situation. It portrays how much the scenarios of one slum resemble the other.
In short, if we understand one slums problems understanding others will be easier as
these slums are mostly alike as well as their problems too.
5.3 F-TEST (ONE WAY ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE)

The F-test in one-way analysis of variance is used to assess whether the expected
values of a quantitative variable within several pre-defined groups differ from each
other. For example, suppose that a medical trial compares four treatments. Than F-test
can be used to assess whether any of the treatments is on average superior, or inferior,
to the others versus the null hypothesis that all four treatments yield the same mean
response. This is an example of an omnibus test, meaning that a single test is
performed to detect any of several possible differences. Alternatively, we could carry
out pair wise tests among the treatments. The advantage of the ANOVA F-test is that
we do not need to pre-specify which treatments are to be compared, and we do not
need to adjust for making multiple comparisons.
The formula for the one-way ANOVA F-test is,
F = Explained variance Unexplained variance
Or, F =Between Group Variability Within Group Variability
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123
5.3.1 F-TEST TO UNDERSTAND THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG

THE STUDEIED SERVICES PROVIDED IN THE SLUMS
Slum Name
Bhoran
Abdullahpur
Sluice Gate
Paris Road
Baonia Badh
Duaripara
Arambagh
Shialbari
MuktijoddhaAbason
Godara Ghat
Diabari
Pora
Kallyanpur
Bhasantek
Karail
Karail Bangla Wall
Begunbari
Malibagh
Karwan Bazar
Agargaon
Agargaon
Dhaka Udyan
Bashbari
Bosila
Kaderiabad
Rasel Square
SUM
WS, X1
11
4
8
42
1002
15
200
23
30
19
3
110
26
13
25
94
12
5
6
7
6
70
20
17
23
12
1803
SF,X2
30
20
12
80
1000
35
520
30
45
50
50
210
34
36
64
75
30
15
24
12
14
12
14
74
35
20
2541
Grand Total (GT) = 4546 and n = 78
Correction Factor (CF) =
= 264950.2
Total Sum of Squares, SST = (X12+ X22+ X32) CF

= [X12+ X22+ X32] CF
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124
WM,X3
2
0
12
4
4
1
9
2
0
8
0
5
3
5
40
16
5
1
17
6
6
6
4
40
5
1
202
Total
43
24
32
126
2006
51
729
55
75
77
53
325
63
54
129
185
47
21
47
25
26
88
38
131
63
33
4546
n
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
78
= 1904509.495
Here, n1 = 26, n2 = 26, n3 = 26 and K = 3
] CF
Sum of Squares between Samples SSb = [
= 374934.38 264950.2
= 109984.18
Sum of Squares within Samples SSw = SST - SSb = 1794525.315
Degree of Freedom:
Total Degree of Freedom = n 1 = 78 1 =77
Degree of Freedom between Samples = K 1= 3 1 =2
Degree of Freedom within Samples = n K = 78 3 = 75
Mean of Sum of Squares between Samples MSSb =
= 54992.09
Mean of Sum of Squares within Samples MSSw =
= 23927.00
F=
= 2.3
From T-table ( = .05) for degree of freedom df1=2 & df2=77, F ratio must be
3.12813. But the calculated F value is less than that. So studied services in slums are
not equally available. This means the facilities provided in these slums are not
sufficient enough in each others comparison. To lead a better life these services are
yet to be improved. These facilities are related to each other to such an extent that
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125
improving one is not going to recover their situation. These facilities need
improvement equally and at the same time too otherwise all the efforts will be in vain.
5.4 MULTIPPLE NON-LINEAR REGRESSION ANALYSIS

Relationship between dependent and independent variable is computed by this
analysis. It can be expressed as,
y = kx (1 + ax + bx2)
Here, y = Independent variable
x = dependent variable
k, a, b = constant
Here, independent variables do not depend on each other and relationship between
independent and dependent variables appears to be quadratic.
5.4.1 REGRESSION ANALYSIS BY COLLCETED DATA

Let us assume
Independent variable:
x1 = No. of available water source
x2 = No. of available sanitation facility
x3 = No. of available waste management facility
Dependent variable:
y = Population
k, a, b, c, d, e, f = constant
Various regression analyses can be performed by analyzing above data. Such as:
1) y = (k x1 x2 x3)/ [(1+ a x1 + b x12) (1+ c x2 + d x22) (1+ e x3 + f x32)]
When, Population = (water source, sanitation facility, waste management facility)
2) y = (k x1 x2)/ [(1+ a x1 + b x12) (1+ c x2 + d x22)]
When, Population = (water source, sanitation facility)
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126
3) y = (k x2 x3)/ [(1+ c x2 + d x22) (1+ e x3 + f x32)]

When, Population = (sanitation facility, waste management facility)
4) y = (k x1 x3)/ [(1+ a x1 + b x12) (1+ e x3 + f x32)]
When, Population = (water source, waste management facility)
5) y = (k x1)/ (1+ a x1 + b x12)
When, Population = (water source)
6) y = (k x2)/ (1+ c x2 + d x22)
When, Population = (sanitation facility)
7) y = (k x3)/ (1+ e x3 + f x32)
When, Population = (waste management facility)
Constant values for the above regression were deduced by trial and error method and
multi regression analysis was done among dependent and independent variables. The
calculated results are presented below:
Table 5.1: Values of constants and significance among variables
k
a
b
3.48 0.0001 9E-05
17.38 8E-05 9E-05
462
980 0.0029 0.003
9930 0.0039 0.005
3568
3852
Here, WS = Water Source
c
d
e
f
y
R^2
function
1E-04 0.0004 0.0005 0.0004 27302.173 0.557 WS,SF,WM
9E-04 0.0002
27296.303 0.123
WS,SF
1E-03 0.0011 0.0015 0.0016 27291.524 0.423
SF,WM
0.0011 0.0038 27292.525 0.257
WS,WM
27304.027 0.091
WS
0.003 0.0012
27297.431 0.109
SF
0.0044 0.001 27293.805 0.078
WM
SF = Sanitation Facility
WM = Waste Management
y = Population
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127
Now, the experimental data of population and predicted data of population are
compared with each other and the result is presented in graph. Graph of regression
analysis among water source, sanitation and waste management is given below:
Figure 5.4: Experimental Vs Predicted Population; y = f (WS, SF, WM)
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128
Figure 5.5: Experimental Vs Predicted Population; y = f (WS, SF)
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129
Figure 5.6: Experimental Vs Predicted Population; y = f (SF, WM)
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130
Figure 5.7: Experimental Vs Predicted Population; y = f (WS, WM)
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131
Figure 5.8: Experimental Vs Predicted Population; y = f (WS)
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132
Figure 5.9: Experimental Vs Predicted Population; y = f (SF)
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133
Figure 5.10: Experimental Vs Predicted Population; y = f (WM)
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134
CHAPTER 6
TECHNOLOGICAL IDEAS IMPROVING BASIC
SERVICES
It is not possible to develop the overall environmental condition of Dhaka city without
improving the above discussed basic services in the urban slum. Here some effective
technological measures are discussed which may bring a vital improvement in
respective fields.
6.1 RAINWATER HARVESTING

Rainwater harvesting may be defined as consumption of rainwater before it drops to
the soil. The rainwater harvesting can be an effective option for using as source of
water where use of surface water or ground water is either limited or costly for water
supply. The concept of rainwater harvesting is as following Figure 6.1.
Figure 6.1: Concept of rainwater harvesting

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135
The quality of rainwater is directly dependent on the surrounding environment and

catchment system. A rainwater harvesting project generally consists of catchments,
gutters, rainwater down pipes, storage tanks. At first, rainwater is collected, and then
it is qualified according to the purpose of use. Treatment processes according to
various purposes of use are presented Table 6.1.
Table 6.1: Rainwater treatments according to purpose of use
Rainwater uses
Treatment
Drinking, cooking, washing etc
Disinfection and Filtration
Bathing, cloth washing etc
Filtration and Hygienic treatment
Rainwater collection process is described in Figure 6.2.
Figure 6.2: Rainwater collection process

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136
6.2 SANITATION BLOCKS

Sanitation blocks are water points which represent the recognized water supply
system for urban poor slum dwellers. They consist of an underground storage
reservoir, two hand-operated section pumps and space for bathing or laundry, up to 12
latrine stalls and two urinals linked to a septic tank. One hand pump is connected to
the reservoir while the other is connected directly to the municipals supply line. The
reservoir is needed because of the irregular flow from the mains water supply.
Figure 6.3 shows the design of a sanitation block.
Figure 6.3: Design of a sanitation block
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137
The construction of a sanitation block is funded by different NGOs at an interest free

loan and the loan is paid back by selling the water among the urban poor people.
Sanitation blocks are designed to serve 500 people and to last 510 years. They are
managed by a committee of eight women who live in the settlement. They are
supported by an advisory committee of five men elected annually, whose role
includes consulting with local leaders and helping with water point security to ensure
their safe construction and continued smooth running. The management committee is
responsible for determining water prices, repairs, cleaning and maintenance, revenue
collection, payment of water bills and loan repayments.
6.3 VIP LATRINES

The VIP latrine is an improvement over the simple dry pit latrine. The typical
characteristic that gives the VIP latrine its name is the escape pipe installed into the
pit, which is used to exhaust the foul odor from the pit and control flies. The working
principle is that a continuous flow of air comes in through the superstructure and
enters the pit through the hole. This cold air will go down into the pit pushing up the
hot smelly air upward through the escape pipe. A mesh screen is tied at the top of the
vent pipe which will prevent flies from escaping to the outside of the latrine. VIP
latrines can have a single pit or double pit. The vent pipe should have an internal
diameter of 110150 mm and reach more than 300 mm above the highest point of the
superstructure. The vent works better in windy areas but where there is not much
wind its effectiveness can be improved by painting the pipe black. This makes the
vent pipe warmer and the heat difference between the pit (cool) and the vent (warm)
creates an updraft that pulls the air and odors up and out of the pit. To test the
efficiency of the ventilation, a small, smoky fire can be lit in the pit; the smoke should
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138
be pulled up and out of the vent pipe and not remain in the pit or the superstructure.
The mesh size of the fly screen must be large enough to prevent clogging with dust
and allow air to circulate freely. Figure 6.4 shows the process of a VIP larine.
Figure 6.4: Working process of a VIP latrine
6.4 INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Solid waste management is one of the costliest public services as conventional waste
management systems are not well suited to deal with increased waste generation rates.
According to the estimation of the World Bank, it is common for municipalities of
developing countries to spend 20 to 50 per cent of their available budget on solid
waste management. However, in many developing countries, authorities have realized
that waste contains valuable components, which can be recovered as materials for
recycling and as a resource to generate energy and thus as a substitute for fossil fuels.
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139
Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) is a complete waste collection,

segregation, prevention, recycling, environmentally friendly storage, composting, and
disposal program that most effectively protect human health and the environment.
Each of these activities of ISWM requires careful planning, financing, collection, and
transport. ISWM enables local or national authorities to reduce the overall amount of
waste generated and to recover valuable materials for recycling and for the generation
of energy. This has the potential to increase the revenue of waste management
activities, which will, in turn, help to pay off the expenditures for solid waste
management. Flow diagram of an integrated solid waste management is shown in
Figure 6.5.
Figure 6.5: Flowchart of an integrated solid waste management

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140
CHAPTER 7
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
7.1 GENERAL
The aim of this thesis was to understand the overall condition of environmental
condition of slums regarding three basic service utilities-water supply, sanitation
practice, and waste management system in the slums of Dhaka city. The study deals
with the response from the slum dwellers about these basic utilities. The study
evaluates that the available utilities are not adequate to meet up the standard
requirement of the slum dwellers. Further developmental projects need to be
implemented to increase those basic utilities for which the informational evaluation
was needed; and this was the reason of this topic as a thesis topic. The thesis ends up
with some recommended measures to develop the facilities in the slum.
7.2 FINDINGS
The outcomes of the work are summarized as follows:
Remarks on Field Survey:
Data from the selected 10 slums were collected through field surveys and the
previously surveyed 16 slums were combined to study the water supply, sanitation
and waste management service scenarios of those slums. Out of the previously studied
slums, condition of Diabari, Bhasantek, Bosila, and Abdullahpur and out the present
surveyed slums Bashbari, Agargaon, and Arambagh slums are the worst. For instance,
waste can be seen scattering everywhere in these slums. Water may be found around
the slum but is unsafe for domestic use. Dwellers have to collect water from the
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141
shallow tube-wells nearby. Similarly, sanitary latrines are hard to find. Most
inhabitants use hanging latrines or defecate in open places. Only previously studied
Muktijoddha Abason and Rusel square and present field surveyed Baonia Badh and
Paris Road slums are in comparatively good shape. The surroundings of these slums
are quite clean and dwellers use water from DWASA taps or deep tube-wells for
drinking purposes. Level of provided services is average in other slums. People here
collect drinking water from both DWASA tap and shallow tube-wells. Sanitary
latrines are installed in the recent years and waste disposal sites were improved too.
People here are more or less happy about their current habitation facilities.
Remarks on T-Test:
In this study, T-test was conducted to understand the correlation between two
different cases which doesnt depend on the other or practically are two different
scenarios but affect one another in reality. From T-test between existing population
with available water source, available sanitation facility and waste management
facility, value of t was found to be 0.59, 0.84 and 1.37 consecutively. But T- Table
shows, for degree of freedom 24 value of t should be at least 2.064 which means
provided services are insufficient compared to the population receiving them.
Research shows if the number of these facilities increases or the number of population
using those facilities decreases, relationship can be drawn between them or in other
words, the services will become sufficient.
Remarks on F-Test:
Analysis of variance is a method to comprehend the equivalence among means of
different cases. It helps to justify the significance of any decision taken. Here one way
classification was conducted with provided services and these were classified in only
one criterion and that is whether these provided services are compatible with each
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142
other or more simply are equally available. From F-table when 5% confidence level is
considered for degree of freedom 2 and 77; value of F should be at least 3.128123
(interpreted by interpolation). But calculated F for provided services was only 2.3
which mean these facilities are not equally available in all the studied slums.
Remarks on Z-Test:
Level of similarities between two proportions is determined by Z-Test. For instance,
number of available water source of Agargaon slums population was compared with
that of Karwan Bazar slum. The determined value of z was 8.23 which are greater
than value of z for 5% confidence level and that is 1.96. So, it can be concluded that
the water supply scenario of this two slums is different from each other. On the other
hand same z test between Agargaon and Bosila slum gives z value 1.6 which dictates
that water supply scenario of these slums are similar. This analysis was performed for
every slum with respect to Agargaon slum for all the studied services. 25% of studied
water supply scenario of the slums was found to be same as Sluice Gate slum. So, if
an improvement strategy of water supply system of Malibagh slum is designed,
similar slums can be improved by that scheme too. Again sanitation practice scenario
of Bhoran slum and waste management scenario of Arambagh slum has resemblance
with 40% and 24% of studied slums respectively. So schemes to improve sanitary
facilities in Bhoran slum and to improve waste management system in Arambagh
slum can be used for other similar slums too.
Remarks on GIS Database:

Collected data were categorized as available water supply, sanitation facility and
waste management facility along with existing population and were interpreted in four
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143
different maps showing the state of provided services. It helps to understand the
situation of the service as well as easily compare with other slums.
7.3 RECOMMENDATIONS
This is high time to inform, educate and guide the urban poor about the
environmental significance of the basic utilities in living a standard life.
Government can play a vital role to assist the basic service developing
schemes by taking various effective steps, like-enhancing laws and providing
subsides, population growth control etc.
Different national and international NGO should come forward with efficient
developing projects for the betterment of living condition slum dwellers of
Dhaka city as well as Bangladesh.
Programs should be taken to make the slum dwellers understand the necessity
of drinking safe water; using eco-friendly sanitary latrines and waste disposal
system.
Technology has a central part in developing rural areas and consequently

improving agricultural system. Therefore, proper application of technology
should be applied in the rural areas so that rural people dont need to come to
Dhaka seeking for employment and better life.
Act of Electronic and Print Media (Radio, TV, Newspaper, Magazine) may
also play a vital role in this regard by making advertisements on adverse
effects of overgrowing population; advantages of Rainwater Harvesting
system, VIP latrines and community waste disposal system.
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144
REFERENCES
Environmental Assessment
of Water Supply, Sanitation & Waste
Management of Dhaka City Slums, Ahsanullah University of Science &

Technology (AUST), June 2012
BBS 2003.Bangladesh Population Census 2001. National Report (Provisional)

Vol1. Dhaka: Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Government of Bangladesh for
Urban Studies(CUS)
Census of Slum Areas and Floating Population 1997, Vol1, Bangladesh

Bureau of Statistics, October-1999
Center for Urban Studies, Measure Evaluation and National Institute of

Population Research and Training (2006) : Slums of Urban Bangladesh:
Mapping and Census, 2005
Choe, K and B. Roberts 2011.Competitive Cities: Cluster Based Local

Economic Development Mandaluyan City: Philippine, Sian Development
Bank
Document of the World Bank; Dhaka: Improving Living Conditions for the
Urban Poor. Bangladesh Development Series, Paper No.17,2007
International Centre for Diarrhea Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B);

Annual Report
JICA: The Study on the Solid Waste Management in Dhaka City Final
Report, 2005
Report on the Slum Area Census 1986, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, June1988
Preliminary Report of the Poverty Monitoring Survey, (BBS), 2004

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APENDIX
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Slums WATSAN Waste

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Slums WATSAN Waste

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CONDITION OF BASIC SERVICES-WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND WASTE

MANAGEMENT IN SLUMS OF DHAKA CITY: AN ASSESSMENT

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

CONDITION OF BASIC SERVICES-WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND WASTE

Student No. 09.01.03.032

Student No. 09.01.03.029

TARNA FERDOUS KARIM UDOY Student No. 09.01.03.018

Student No. 09.01.03.003

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Under the supervision of

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

CONDITION OF BASIC SERVICES-WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND

1.2 Objective of the Study

1.3 Scope of the Thesis

1.4 Organization of the Thesis

CHAPTER 2 BACKGROUND STUDIES

2.2 Urbanization Trend in Bangladesh

2.3 Reasons of Urbanization in Bangladesh

2.4 Distribution of Urban Population in Bangladesh

2.5 Effects of Urbanization in Bangladesh

2.6 Scenario of Slums in Dhaka City

2.6.1 Housing Condition of Slum Dwellers

2.6.2 Employment Status of Slum Dwellers

2.6.3 Unsatisfactory Working Environment

2.6.4 Income and Expenditure

2.6.5 Assets of Slum Dwellers

2.6.6 Food Consumption Rate

2.6.7 Literacy Scenario

2.6.8 Health Condition in Slum

3.2 Data Collection System

3.3 Obligations in Data Collection

3.4 Description of Studied Slums

3.4.1 Bhoran Slum

3.4.2 Abdullahpur Slum

3.4.3 Sluice Gate Slum

3.4.4 Paris Road Slum

3.4.5 Baonia Badh Slum

3.4.6 Duaripara Slum

3.4.7 Arambagh Slum

3.4.8 Shialbari Slum

3.4.9 Muktijoddha Abason Slum

3.4.10 Godara Ghat Slum

3.4.11 Diabari Slum

3.4.12 Pora Slum

3.4.13 Kallyanpur Slum

3.4.14 Bhasantek Slum

3.4.15 Karail Slum

3.4.16 Karail Bangla Wall Slum

3.4.17 Begunbari Slum

3.4.18 Malibagh Slum

3.4.19 Karwan Bazar Slum

3.4.20 Agargaon Slum

3.4.21 Agargaon Slum

3.4.22 Dhaka Udyan Slum

3.4.23 Bashbari Slum

3.4.24 Bosila Slum

3.4.25 Kaderiabad Slum

3.4.26 Rasel Square Slum

CHAPTER 4 STUDIED CONDITION IN THE SURVEYED SLUMS

4.2.1 An Overview of the Problems Regarding the Sanitation Practice

4.3 Condition of Waste Management System

4.3.1 An Overview of the Problems Coupled with Waste Management

4.4.1 Scoring for General Condition (0-5)

4.4.2 Scoring for Water Supply (0-5)