Seweage

Division 02 - Sitework
Section
02700 - Sewerage and Drainage
Part 1: General
1 01
Summary
The work covered by this Section consists of providing all tools, labour, equipment, scaffolding and
materials and performing all operations in connection with sewage, stormwater and subsoil drainage
outside buildings on building sites.
Piping below buildings is deemed to be included in this Section, provided it does not form part of the
piping system of the building.
1 01 01
1 01 04
Section Includes
01.0
Sanitary Sewerage (Gravity System)
02.0
Stormwater Drainage (Gravity System)
03.0
Subsoil Drainage
04.0
Sanitary Sewerage (Pressure System)
05.0
Stormwater Drainage (Pressure System)
06.0
Water Treatment (Drainage Field System)
Related Sections
02200 Earthwork
02500 Paving and Surfacing
02810 Irrigation
02900 Landscaping
03300 Cast-in Place Concrete
03400 Precast Concrete
04200 Unit Masonry
07100 Waterproofing
09200 Lath and Plaster
15400 Plumbing
16000 Applicable Sections of Division 16: Electrical
1 02
References
1 02 01
Applicable Standards
1 02 01 03
International Standards
1 02 01 03 01
International Standard Organization (ISO)

ISO 161-1 : 96 Thermoplastics pipes for the conveyance of fluids - Nominal
pressures - Part 1: Metric series
ISO 265-1 : 88 Pipes and fittings of plastic material - Fittings for domestic and
industrial waste pipes - Basic dimensions: Metric series - Part 1:
Unplasticized Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC-U)
ISO 559 : 91
Steel tubes for water and sewage
ISO 2531 : 91
Ductile iron pipes, fittings and accessories for pressure pipelines
ISO 3514 : 76
Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC) Pipes and Fittings
Sewerage and Drainage | Division
02 - Sitework
ISO 4179 : 85 Ductile iron pipes for pressure and non-pressure pipelines Centrifugal cement mortar lining - General requirements
ISO 4433-1 : 97 Thermoplastic pipes - Resistance to liquid chemical classification
- Immersion test method
ISO 4435 : 91 Unplasticized poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC-U) pipes and fittings for
buried drainage and sewerage systems
ISO 4633 : 96 Rubber seals - Joint rings for water supply, drainage and
sewerage pipelines - Specification for materials
ISO 5256 : 91 Steel pipes and fittings for buried or submerged pipelines
External and internal coating by bitumen or coal tar derived
material
ISO 6594 : 83
Cast iron drainage pipes and fittings - Spigot series
ISO 6708 : 95
Pipework components - Definitions and selection of DN
ISOTR 7073 : 88 Recommended techniques for the installation of unplasticized

poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC-U) buried drains and sewers
ISO 7186 : 96
Ductile iron products for sewage applications
ISO 7268 : 83
Pipe components - Definition of nominal pressure
ISO 7370 : 83
fittings
GRP pipes reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes and
ISO 8179-1 : 95 Ductile iron pipes - External zinc coating - Part 1:Metallic zinc
with finishing layer
ISO 8179-2 : 95 Ductile iron pipes - External zinc coating -Part 2: Zinc rich paint
with finishing layer
ISO 8180 : 85
Ductile iron pipes - Polyethylene sleeving
ISO 8572 : 91 Pipes and fittings made of glass-reinforced thermosetting

plastics (GRP) - Definitions of terms relating to pressure, including relationships
between them, and terms for installation and jointing
ISO 8772 : 91 High-density polyethylene (PE-HD) pipes and fittings for buried
drainage and sewerage systems - Specifications
ISO 8773 : 91 Polypropylene (PP) pipes and fittings for buried drainage and
sewerage systems - Specifications
ISO/TR 10358 : 93
Plastic pipes and fittings - Combined chemical
resistance classification table
ISO/TR 10465-1: 93
Underground Installation of flexible Glass-Reinforced
Thermosetting Resin (GRP) Pipes; Part 1
ISO 10802 : 92 Ductile iron pipelines - Hydrostatic testing after installation
ISO 10931-1 : 97
Plastics Piping Systems for Industrial applications - Poly
Vinylidene Fluoride (PVDF)
1 02 01 04
USA Standards
1 02 01 04 01
American Society for Testing and Material (ASTM)

ASTM A 74 : 96
Fittings
Standard Specification for Cast Iron Soil Pipe and
ASTM A 796 : 95 Standard Practice for Structural Design of Corrugated Steel

Pipe, Pipe-Arches, and Arches for Storm and Sanitary Sewers
and other Buried Applications
ASTM A 849 : 95
Standard Specification for Post-Applied Coatings,
Pavings, and Linings for Corrugated Steel Sewer and Drainage Pipe
02 - Sitework
ASTM A 862 : 93
Standard Practice for Application of Bituminous (Asphalt)
Coatings to Corrugated Steel Sewer and Drainage Pipe
ASTM A 888 : 95
Standard Specification for Hubless Cast Iron Soil Pipe
and Fittings for Sanitary and Storm Drain, Waste, and Vent Piping
Applications
ASTM B 788M : 97
Standard Practice for Installing Factory-Made
Corrugated Aluminum Culverts and Storm Sewer Pipe
ASTM C 4 : 96 Standard Specification for Clay Drain Tile
ASTM C 12 : 95Standard Practice for Installing Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
ASTM C 14M : 95
Standard Specification for Concrete Sewer, Storm
Drain, and Culvert Pipe [Metric]
ASTM C 32 : 93Standard Specification for Sewer and Manhole Brick (Made from
Clay or Shale)
ASTM C 76M : 96
Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Culvert,
Storm, Drain, and Sewer Pipe [Metric]
ASTM C 118M : 95
Drainage [Metric]
Standard Specification for Concrete Pipe for Irrigation or
ASTM C 412M : 94
Standard Practice for Concrete Drain Tile [Metric]
ASTM C 425 : 96
Standard Specification for Compression Joints for
Vitrified Clay Pipe and Fittings
ASTM C 443M : 94
Standard Specification for Joints for Circular Concrete
Sewer and Culvert Pipe, Using Rubber Gaskets [Metric]
ASTM C 444M : 95
[Metric]
Standard Specification for Perforated Concrete Pipe
ASTM C 478M : 96
Standard Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete
Manhole Sections [Metric]
ASTM C 564 : 95
Soil Pipe and Fittings
Standard Specification for Rubber Gaskets for Cast Iron
ASTM C 654M : 95
Standard Specification for Porous Concrete Pipe [Metric]
ASTM C 655M : 95
Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete D-Load
Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe [Metric]
ASTM C 700 : 96
Standard Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe, Extra
Strength, Standard Strength, and Perforated
ASTM C 722 : 94
Monolithic Surfaces
Standard Specification for Chemical-Resistant Resin
ASTM C 822
: 93
Related Products
Standard Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and
ASTM C 828 : 89
Standard Test Method for Low-Pressure Air Test of
Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
ASTM C 877M : 94
Standard Specification for External Sealing Bands for
Non-circular Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and Culvert Pipe [Metric]
ASTM C 1227 : 98
Standard Specification for Precast Septic Tanks
ASTM D 1785 : 96
Standard Specification for Poly (vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40, 80, and 120
ASTM D 2235R : 96
Standard Specification for Solvent Cement for
Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe and Fittings
ASTM D 2321R : 95
Standard Practice for Underground Installation of
Thermoplastic Pipe for Sewers and Other Gravity-Flow Applications
02 - Sitework
ASTM D 2564 : 96
Standard Specification for Solvent Cements for Poly
Vinyl Chloride (PVC) Plastic Piping Systems
ASTM D 2661 : 96
Standard Specification for Acrylonitrile-ButadieneStyrene (ABS) Schedule 40 Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Fittings
ASTM D 2665 : 96
Standard Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Fittings
ASTM D 2729 : 96
Sewer Pipe and Fittings
ASTM D 2751 : 96
Standard Specification for Acrylonitrile-ButadieneStyrene (ABS) Sewer Pipe and Fittings
ASTM D 2852 : 95
Standard Specification for Styrene-Rubber (SR) Plastic
Drain Pipe and Fittings
ASTM D 2855 : 96
Standard Practice for Making Solvent-Cemented Joints
with Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) Pipe and Fittings
ASTM D 2949 : 96
Standard Specification for 3.25-In. Outside Diameter
Class Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Fittings
ASTM D 2996 : 95
Standard Specification for Filament-Wound Fiberglass
(Glass- fiber Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Pipe
ASTM D 3034 : 96
Standard Specification for Type PSM Poly Vinyl Chloride
(PVC) Sewer Pipe and Fittings
ASTM D 3122 : 95
Standard Specification for Solvent Cements for StyreneRubber (SR) Plastic Pipe and Fittings
ASTM D 3212R : 96
Standard Specification for Joints for Drain and Sewer
Plastic Pipes Using Flexible Elastomeric Seals
ASTM D 3262 : 96
Standard Specification for Fiberglass (Glass-FiberReinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Sewer Pipe
ASTM D 3311 : 94
Standard Specification for Drain, Waste, and Vent
(DWV) Plastic Fittings Patterns
ASTM D 3839 : 96
Standard Practice for Underground Installation of
Fiberglass (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe
ASTM D 5926 : 96
Gaskets for Drain, Waste, and Vent (DWV), Sewer, Sanitary, and Storm
Plumbing Systems
ASTM F 405 : 96
Tubing and Fittings
Standard Specification for Corrugated Polyethylene (PE)
ASTM F 412R : 94
Systems
Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping
ASTM F 438
: 96
Standard Specification for Socket-Type CPVC Plastic
Pipe Fittings Schedule 40
ASTM F 449
: 93
Standard Practice for Subsurface Installation of
Corrugated Thermoplastic Tubing for Agricultural Drainage or Water Table
Control
ASTM F 477 : 96
Standard Specification for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets)
for Jointing Plastic Pipe
ASTM F 481 : 94
Standard Practice for Installation of Thermoplastic Pipe
and Corrugated Tubing in Septic Tank Leach Fields
ASTM F 679 : 95
Large-Diameter Plastic Gravity Sewer Pipe and Fittings
02 - Sitework
ASTM F 758 : 95
Standard Specification for Smooth-Wall Poly Vinyl
Chloride (PVC) Plastic Under-drain Systems for Highway, Airport, and Similar
Drainage
ASTM F 789R : 95
Standard Specification for Type PS-46 and Type PS 115
Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) Plastic Gravity Flow Sewer Pipe and Fittings
ASTM F 800 : 89
Standard Specification for Corrugated Poly Vinyl
Chloride Tubing and Compatible Fittings
ASTM F 810
: 93
Standard Specification for Smooth-Wall Polyethylene
(PE) Pipe for Use in Drainage and Waste Disposal Absorption Fields
ASTM F 949 : 96
Standard Specification for Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC)
Corrugated Sewer Pipe With a Smooth Interior and Fittings
ASTM F 1412 : 96
Standard Specification for Polyolefin Pipe and Fittings
for Corrosive Waste Drainage Systems
ASTM F 1673 : 95
Standard Specification for Polyvinylidene Fluoride
(PVDF) Corrosive Waste Drainage Systems
1 02 01 04 03
American National Standard Institute (ANSI)

ANSI A 21.11 : 95
Rubber-Gasket Joints for Ductile Iron Pressure Pipe and
Fittings (identical with C 111 of the American Water Works Association
1 02 01 05
European Standards
EN 124 : 94
Gully tops and manhole tops for vehicular and pedestrian areas
EN 295
Vitrified clay pipes and fittings and joints for drains and sewers
EN 295-1 : 91
Requirements
EN 295-2 : 91
Quality control and sampling
EN 295-3 : 91
Test methods
EN 295-4 : 95
Requirements for special fittings, adapters and compatible

accessories
EN 295-5 : 94
Requirements for perforated vitrified clay pipes and fittings
EN 295-6 : 95
Requirements for vitrified clay manholes
EN 295-7 : 95
Requirements for vitrified clay pipes and joints for pipe jacketing
EN 476 : 97
General requirements for components used in discharge pipes,
drains and sewers for gravity systems
EN 588
Fibre-cement pipes for sewers and drains
EN 588-1 : 96
Pipes, joints and fittings for gravity systems
EN 588-2 : 95
Manholes and Inspection Chambers
EN 598 : 94
Ductile iron pipes, fittings, accessories and their joints for
sewage applications. Requirements and test methods
EN 681
Elastomeric seals - Material requirements for pipe joint seals
used in water and drainage applications
EN 681-1 : 96
Vulcanized rubber
EN 752
Drain and sewer systems outside buildings
EN 752-1 : 95
Generalities and definitions
EN 752-2 : 96
Performance requirements
EN 752-3 : 96
Planning
EN 752-4 : 97
Hydraulic design and environmental considerations
EN 752-5 : 97
Rehabilitation
02 - Sitework
EN 752-6 : 98
Pumping installations
EN 752-7 : 98
Maintenance and operations
EN 1091 : 96
Vacuum sewerage systems outside buildings
EN 1401
Plastic piping systems for non-pressure underground drainage
and sewerage. Unplasticized poly(vinylchloride) (PVC-U)
EN 1401-1 : 98 Specifications for pipes, fittings and the system
EN 1610 : 97
Construction and testing of drains and sewers
EN 1671 : 97
Pressure sewerage systems outside buildings
EN 1917 : 95 Concrete Manholes and Inspection Chambers, unreinforced,

steel fibre and reinforced
EN 12729 : 97 Backflow Preventer with controllable Reduced Pressure Zone
1 02 01 06
British Standards
BS 534 : 90
sewage
Specification for steel pipes, joints and specials for water and
BS 882 : 92
Specification for aggregates from natural sources for concrete
BS 2494 : 90
Elastomeric Seals for Joints in Pipework and Pipelines
BS 4660 : 89
Replaced by EN 1401-1
BS 5480 : 90 Specification for glass reinforced (GRP) pipes, joints and

fittingsfor use for water supply or sewerage
BS 5911
Precast concrete pipes, fittings and ancillary products
BS 5911-2 :82 Specification for Inspection Chambers

BS 5911-100: 88 Specification for unreinforced and reinforced pipes and
fittingswith flexible joints
BS 5911-103 : 94 Specification for prestressed non-pressure pipes and fittings
with flexible joints
BS 5911-114 : 92 Specification for porous pipes
BS 5911-200 : 94 Specification for unreinforced and reinforced manholes and
soakaways of circular cross section
BS 6100
1 02 02
Glossary of terms
BS 6100-2/Sec. 2.5
Hydraulic engineering and construction work
BS 6100-2/Sec. 2.8
Pipelines and ducts
BS 6100-3/Sec. 3.3
Sanitation
BS 7158 : 89
Plastic Inspection Chambers
BS 8005-1 :
Replaced by BS-EN 752 -2 ff
BS 8010-2
Pipelines on land: design, construction and installation
BS 8010-2/2.1 : 87
Ductile Iron
BS 8010-2/2.5 : 89
Glass reinforced thermosetting plastics
BS 8010-2/2.7 : 89
Precast concrete
Codes
Uniform Building Code (UBC) as issued by the International Conference of
Building Officials; Whittier, California; USA
Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC) as issued by the International Conference of
Building Officials; Whittier, California; USA
BS 8000-14 : 89
Code of practice for below ground drainage

02 - Sitework
BS 8010
1 02 03
Code of practice for pipelines
Other References
IAPMO International Association of Plumbing Officials and Mechanical Officials
2001 Walnut, California, United States
MSS Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry
127 Park St NE, 22180 Vienna, VA, United States
BOCA International Private Sewage Disposal Code 1995
Building Officials & Code Administrators International;
4051Flossmmor Rd; 60478-5795 Country Club Hill, IL, United States
ASSE American Society of Sanitary Engineers
NPC
National Plumbing Code; USA
1 03
Definitions
1 03 01
Technical Terms
adaptor - special item made from the same material as the pipe or other suitable
material, to join together pipes and fittings of different jointing systems or to join
them to items of other pipeline systems
bell - the flared-end portion of a pipe or fitting designed to function in the jointing
of other such pipe. (ASTM C 896)
beveled pipe - a pipe with an end chamfered to mate or adjust to another
surface or to assist in assembly. (ASTM F 412)
blinding - the placement of soil, bedding material over and on the sides of the
plastic tubing or envelope to ensure proper grade, alignment, support , and
protection of the tubing during backfilling and after installation
compression joint - a joint designed so that a sealing action is obtained by
compression elastomeric components. (ASTM C 896)
conduit - a pipe for conveying fluid
cradle - a prefabricated rigid structure designed to provide trench bottom support
for the plastic tubing when soil support is inadequate (ASTM F 449)
culvert - a pipeline intended to convey water under a highway, railroad, canal, or
similar facility (ASTM C 822)
drain - pipeline, usually underground, designed to carry wastewater and /or
surface water from a source to a sewer (EN 752-1)
dry well - dry chamber forming part of a pumping station and containing pumping
equipment, normally used in compliance with a wet well (EN 752-6)
ductile iron - cast iron used for pipes, fittings and accessories in which graphite
is present substantially in spheroidal form
elastomeric seal - a material or device that is elastomeric in nature and is used
to effect a seal between separable piping components (ASTM F 412)
encasement - special materials, their placement and configuration which are
designed to fully surround a pipe and develop a field supporting strength which
exceeds that of other commonly used installation and bedding techniques.
envelope - porous material placed around the plastic tubing to provide bedding,
improve the flow of ground water and subsurface water into the drain, or function
as a filter (ASTM F 449)
exfiltration - the quality of water leaving the test section during a specified time
period
02 - Sitework
filter - an envelope of material or synthetic materials placed completely around

the drain to permit free water movement into the drain, provide stabilizing support
at the soil-filter interface, and restrict movement of silt and sand into the drain
fittings - products such as wyes, tees, elbows, adapters, etc. Used in the
installation of pipelines. (ASTM C 896) or piping components used to join or
terminate sections of pipe or to provide changes of direction or branching in a
pipe system (ASTM F 412)
flexible pipe - pipe, the load carrying capacity of which is limited by diametral
deformation under load to the ultimate design criteria without breaking or over
stressing (EN 476)
flexible joint - joint, which permits significant angular deflection both during and
after installation and which, can accept a slight offset of the centerline.
gasket - sealing component of a joint
gully - an assembly to receive surface water for discharge into a drainage
system
gully top - that part of a gully consisting of a frame and grating and/or cover
which is placed on the gully pot (body) at the place of installation (EN 124)
grade rings - precast concrete rings used for vertical adjustment at the top of a
manhole to set manhole casting to proper grade (ASTM C 822)
grating - the removable part(s) of a manhole top or gully top which covers a
manhole or gully opening (EN 124)
gravity system - system where flow is caused by the force of gravity and where
the pipe normally operates partially full only. (EN 476)
groundwater - water present in the sub-surface strata (EN 752-1)
haunch - that portion of a pipe barrel extending from bottom to springline.
haunching - the act of placing bedding material around the haunch of a pipe.
hydrostatic test - a test of the ability of a pipe or its joints to withstand internal
hydrostatic pressure
industrial waste - the water-conveyed residues resulting from manufacturing or
processing operations.
infiltration - the quality of ground water entering the test section during a
specified time period (ASTM C 896)
initial backfill - (1) layer of fill material immediately above the crown of the pipe.
Minimum thickness 300 mm unless otherwise indicated; (2) location for
placement of selected material , extending 300 mm from top of the bedding
material, applicable only in context with ASTM C 12
inspection chamber - chamber with a removable cover constructed on a drain
or sewer that provides access from surface level only, but does not permit entry
of a person (EN 752-1)
internal quality control - Contractors organizational structure, responsibilities,
procedures, processes and resources for implementing a quality management.
invert - lowest point of the internal surface of the barrel of a pipe or channel at
any cross section (EN 476)
joint - connection between the adjacent ends of two pipes or components
including the means of sealing (EN 476)
manhole - chamber with a removable cover constructed on a drain or sewer to
permit entry by personnel (EN 752-1)
mitered pipe - see beveled pipe
02 - Sitework
nominal size (DN) - a numerical designation of the size of a pipe, bend or

branch fitting, which is a convenient round number approximately equal to a
manufactured dimension
O-ring gasket - a solid gasket of circular cross section
pipe barrel - cylindrical part of the pipe with a uniform cross section excluding
socket and spigot (EN 476)
pipe bedding - the materials, their placement, consolidation and compaction , as
designed to support pipes laid in trenches below ground level (ASTM C 896)
pipeline - assembly of pipes, fittings and joints between manholes or other
structures (EN 1610)
push-on joint - a joint in which an elastomeric ring gasket is compressed in the
annular space between a bell end or socket and a spigot end of pipe.
Sometimes called a bell-and-spigot gasket joint (ASTM F 412)
push-fit joint - see push-on joint
rigid joint - a connection that is designed not to permit angular deflection or axial
movement in service
rigid pipe - pipe, the load carrying capacity of which is limited by breaking or
overstressing, without significant deformation of its cross section
rising main - pipe through which sewerage is pumped
SDR - standard dimension ratio: a numerical designation of a pipe series,
approximately equal to the dimension ratio of the nominal outside diameter and
the nominal wall thickness
separate system - sewer system, normally of two pipelines, one carrying waste
water and the other surface water (EN 752-1)
selected material - see satisfactory material Section 02200 Earthwork
sewage - waste matter carried off by sewers (ASTM C 896)
sewer - an underground pipe/conduit conveying waste material in a liquid
medium (ASTM C 896) or pipeline or other construction, usually underground,
designed to carry wastewater and /or surface water from more than one source
(EN 752-1)
sewer system - network of pipelines and ancillary works which conveys
wastewater and /or surface water from drain to a treatment works or other place
of disposal
sewerage - waste water and /or surface water conveyed by a drain or sewer (EN
752-1) or system for collection, treatment, and disposal of sewage from its point
of origin to a treatment place or another place of disposal (ASTM C 896)
side fills - material between bedding and initial backfill
SN - nominal ring stiffness: a numerical designation of the ring stiffness of a pipe
or fitting, which is a convenient round number, relative to the determined
stiffness in kN/m2, indicating the minimum ring stiffness of a pipe or fitting
socket - the portion of a pipe jointing system that is designed to accept and fit in
a plain-end pipe or a spigot-end pipe. (ASTM C 896)
solvent cement - an adhesive made by dissolving a plastic resin or compound
and a suitable solvent or mixture of solvents (ASTM F 412)
spigot - that portion of a pipe jointing system that fits into the bell or socket of the
preceding pipe. (ASTM C 896)
storm drain - a pipeline intended to convey stormwater (ASTM C 822)
surcharge - condition in which wastewater and/or surface water is held under
pressure within a gravity drain or sewer system, but does not escape to the
surface to cause flooding (EN 752-1)
02 - Sitework
surface water- rainwater, which has not seeped into the ground and which is
discharged to the drain or sewer system directly from the ground or from exterior
building roofs and surfaces (EN 752-2)
1 03 02
Abbreviations
DN
nominal size
gully
Q.C.
Quality Control
MH
manhole
sw
storm water
ww
waste water
1 04
System Description
1 04 02 01
General
Unless otherwise indicated, deliver and install the system, provide operational properties and, at any time,
comply with basic principles including but not limited to the following:
Extend underground sewers and drains to connect to building sewers and drains, public utility mains,
septic tank, or drain trench/drainage field, of sizes and locations indicated or appropriate. Install sewerage
and stormwater piping as separate system.
Ensure that lines, levels and structural conditions of all relevant existing sewers, drains, subsoil drains,
ditches and other structures will be preserved. Ensure that the impact of drain and sewer system on the
receiving waters shall meet the requirements of the relevant authority and the receiving waters will be
protected from pollution within the accepted limits.
Make sure that drains and sewers will be watertight in accordance with testing requirements and odour
nuisance and toxicity do not arise. Deliver and install all pipework in a way that it operates without
blocking. Install piping pitched down in direction of flow, at minimum slope of one (1) %.
Provide access to the system by means of manholes, inspection chambers and access fittings, where
practically, at every change of alignment or gradient, at the head of all sewers and drains, at every
junction of two or more pipelines, wherever there is a change in size and, in addition, at reasonable
intervals for inspection and maintenance. Provide and install proper sized increasers, reducers, and
couplings where different sizes or material of pipes and fittings are connected. Reduction of the size of
piping in the direction of flow is prohibited. For gravity systems, ensure that drains and sewers will be
sufficiently ventilated to the atmosphere by allowing free passage of air through the system.
1 04 02 02
Pumping of Sewage in a Gravity System and in a System Under Pressure
Unless otherwise indicated, install-pumping installations in compliance with but not limited to the following
basic principles:
Establish maximum and minimum predicted flow rate to determine the duty points of the pump(s) and the
size of mechanical and electrical equipment, which is necessary. The hydraulic design of the rising main
and the pumping equipment shall be considered together. Acceptable methods for calculation of head
losses and flows in pipes shall be approved by the Engineer.
Flushing and rodding connections shall be incorporated in the rising main where required. The diameter
of the rising main(s) shall be determined by considering design flow rates and associated velocities,
minimum velocities to limit sedimentation and minimum diameter to limit clogging
Pipelines shall be designed and installed for pressure resulting from maximum flow, no flow and transient
pressures (positive or negative), also taking account of external loads. In the case of transient conditions,
the amplitude and frequency shall be determined. Surge analysis shall be carried out taking into account
all possible operation conditions. The method of analysis shall be approved by the Engineer.
Thrust forces occurring at valves, changes in direction and diameter, branches and pipe ends, shall be
contained. Possible methods and provisions include restrained joints over an adequate length of pipeline,
thrust or anchor blocks and cradles and clamps, generally for non-buried pipelines. Anchorages shall be
installed to avoid transmitting vibration. Discharge points shall be installed to minimize splashing and
noise. Manholes into which rising mains discharge shall be well ventilated. Septicity shall be kept to a
minimum.
02 - Sitework
1
0
1 05
Submittals
In compliance with Conditions of Contract and provisions of Section 01300, the following shall be
submitted thirty (30) days before sewerage and drainage works are scheduled to commence:
1 05 01
Product Data
Manufacturers product specification and recommended installation instructions for each item to be
furnished and installed, include manufacturers certification showing compliance with requirements.
Manufacturers operating and maintenance requirements as applicable.
1 05 02
Shop Drawings
Shop drawings for manholes, septic tank(s), pump station if any, sump pits, inspection chambers,
seepage tanks, seepage fields, etc.
Longitudinal section profile drawings showing pipe sizes and manholes, locations, elevations, and other
piping in the same trench, including details of underground structures and connections.
1 05 03
Samples
Accompanying the above submittal, the Contractor shall submit samples of each item of adequate size
and construction.
1 05 04
Quality Control Submittals
Documented experience of Contractors site supervisor.

Records and reports of Contractors Internal Q.C
Records and reports of Contractors field Q.C
1 06
Quality Assurance
Sampling, testing and checking procedures shall be recorded on a daily basis (i.e. indicating day, month,
year) including corrective actions taken by the Contractor if necessary. Reports and records shall be
available for assessment to the Engineer not later than three (3) days after testing and checking. Reports
and records shall be established and maintained in a manner to ensure traceability.
Arrangements shall be made in Contractors work schedule and time allowed for checking and testing as
indicated.
1 06 01
Qualifications
Contractors site supervisor shall have knowledge of referenced standards and at least five (5) years of
documented experience in works related to sewerage, stormwater, and subsoil drainage and shall have
successfully completed works similar in material, design, and extent to that indicated for the project.
Installers shall be familiar with the material and installation procedures indicated and shall be skilled and
trained.
1 06 02
Regulatory Requirements
Comply with all aspects of requirements of local authorities.
1 06 04
Quality Control
1 06 04 01
Internal Quality Control
Contractors Internal Quality Control shall include but not limited to:
Checking suppliers test certificates and certificates of compliance to conform to
Specification and referenced Standards prior to first delivery.
Checking suppliers delivery tickets of each delivery for completeness and compliance
with supply order and specification.
Checking labels and the condition of pipes and components of each delivery, particular
to ensure that:
- pipes and components are undamaged
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- protective coatings of pipes and fittings are undamaged

- where pipes are provided with factory applied jointing material, jointing material
is in proper condition.
- jointing components and containers of lubricants are undamaged, not
deteriorated, and labeled service life is still valid.
Checking if equipment and tools are in a serviceable condition at least every week
Checking the correct storage of pipes, accessories and components every week.
Field Quality Control as indicated
1 07
Delivery, Storage and Handling
1 07 01
Packing and Shipping
At all times material shall be handled with care to avoid damage.

Moving pipes and materials shall be held to a minimum to reduce the possibility of damage. Whether
moved by hands, hoists, or other acceptable method, material shall not be thrown, dropped, dragged,
bumped, or allowed to impact on objects that cause damage. Except for concrete pipes, the
recommended way of transporting and unloading of pipes is in package units using mechanical
equipment.
1 07 02
Storage and Protection
Pipe package units shall be stored and placed on level ground, stacked not more than one unit high.
Package units on the ground shall be protected by appropriate pieces of timber. When unloading
individual pipes, the pipes shall be placed on wooden supports, placed about one-fifth of the length of the
pipe from each end.
Where individual pipes are to be stacked, they shall be arranged, so that the sockets and spigots are not
loaded and excessive loads are not carried by pipes lower in the stack. Rubber gaskets and similar
material shall be stored in their original containers and kept away from oil, grease, direct sunlight, sources
of ozone such as fluorescent light and electric motors, excessive heat and areas where temperatures
exceed 60 deg. C. PVC pipes and similar material shall be kept away from direct sunlight .
1 08
Project and Site Conditions
1 08 01
Existing Conditions
Protect all existing utility lines, overhead or underground, from damage due to any construction activity.
Identify and describe unexpected variations to subsoil conditions or discovery of uncharted utility lines or
other facilities. Repair any damage to existing utility lines or other facilities and pay all associated costs.
1 08 02
Environmental Requirements
Comply with any applicable portion of local environmental regulations pertaining to sanitary sewerage and
drainage.
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2
Part 2: Products
Unless otherwise indicated or approved by the Engineer, material and components for like functions shall
be used continuously through the entire Section with all parts for assembly and installation, from the same
source, same manufacturer, or as recommended by the manufacturer. All pipe, pipe fitting material and
components shall be compatible with each other and shall be designed and manufactured for the
intended use, nature of fluid, pressure, load, and temperature.
Fittings shall be molded or formed to correspond in all respects with the properties of the pipe of the
corresponding size; in required tee, bends, elbows, clean-outs, reducers, traps and other configurations
required.
2 01
Sanitary Sewerage (Gravity System)
2 01 01
Pipe and Fittings
2 01 01 02
Vitrified clay pipe, spigot and socket type, pipe diameter(s) as indicated, shall comply with one of the
following standards:
01.0
236; EN 295; ASTM C 700,
01.1
ordinary strength / class B, 236 or equivalent.
01.2
high strength / class A, 236 or equivalent.
01.3
Jointing: rubber or plastic gasket for push-in joints shall comply with one
of the Standards: ASTM C 425; EN 295-4; or equivalent.
When connecting two spigot ends, coupling shall be made of a rubber or elastomeric sealing sleeve with
approved stainless steel clamp ring assembly.
2 01 01 03
Concrete Pipe and Fittings
2 01 01 03 01
Non-reinforced Concrete Pipe
Non-reinforced concrete pipe shall comply with the standard(s) indicated:

01.0
ASTM C 14M, spigot and socket type, pipe diameter(s) as indicated,

01.1
Class 1, wall thickness and minimum strength depending on pipe
diameter.
01.2
diameter.
01.3
diameter.
01.4
Jointing: rubber compression gasket according to ASTM C 443.
02.0
BS 5911-100, spigot and socket type or for rebated joints, type of
cement, use of blast furnace slag, fuel-ash and admixtures as approved by the
Engineer, pipe diameter(s) as indicated,
02.1
class L (light).
02.2
class M (medium).
02.3
class H (heavy).
02.4
Jointing: elastomeric gasket type D (rolling or sliding ring)
according to BS 2494.
2 01 01 03 02
Reinforced Concrete Pipe
Reinforced Concrete Pipe, spigot and socket type, shall comply with the standard(s) indicated:
01.0
ASTM C 76M, pipe diameter(s) as indicated,
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01.1 class I, minimum concrete strength 27,6 or 34,5 MPa, depending on

pipe diameter, wall thickness as indicated.
01.2
class II, minimum concrete strength 27,6 or 34,5 MPa,
depending on pipe diameter, wall thickness as indicated.
01.3
class III, minimum concrete strength 27,6 or 34,5 MPa,
01.4
class IV, minimum concrete strength 27,6 or 34,5 MPa,
01.5
class V, minimum concrete strength 41.4 MPa, wall thickness as
indicated.
01.6
02.0 BS 5911-100, spigot and socket type or for rebated joints, type of
02.1
Class L (light).
02.2
Class M (medium).
02.3
Class H (heavy).
02.4
2 01 01 04
Cast Iron Pipes and Fittings
2 01 01 04 01
Cast Iron Pipe
Cast-iron soil pipe, shall comply with standard(s) indicated:

01.0 spigot and socket type, ASTM A 74, pipe diameter(s) as indicated,
01.1
Class: Extra Heavy.
01.2
Class: Service.
01.3
Jointing: rubber compression gasket according to ASTM C 564
02.0
882, hubless type, coated, for coupling joints, pipe diameter(s) as
indicated.
02.1
Couplings: rubber or elastomeric sealing sleeve with approved
stainless steel clamp ring assembly .
2 01 01 04 02
Ductile Cast Iron Pipe
Ductile cast-iron pipe, for push-on flexible joints, shall comply with standard(s) indicated:
01.0
ASTM A 746, with external asphaltic coating and internal cement mortar
lining of type as approved by the Engineer, pipe wall thickness depending on
installation conditions (Type 1 to 5), pipe diameter(s) as indicated.
01.1
Jointing: rubber gasket joint according to ANSI C 111/A 21.11 or
equivalent.
02.0
EN 598, spigot and socket type, with external zinc coating and finishing
layer compatible with zinc, internal lining of high-alumina cement mortar, and an
epoxy-based coating of the end surfaces which can come in contact with the
sewerage effluents, pipe diameter(s) as indicated.
When agreed by the Engineer, external coating may be alternatively made of
extruded polyethylene, extruded propylene, polyurethane, or fiber cement mortar.
Internal lining may be alternatively made of blast furnace cement mortar,
polyurethane, polyethylene or epoxy resin.
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02.1
Jointing: flexible rubber gasket according to ISO 4633 or
equivalent.
2 01 01 05
Plastic Pipe and Fittings
2 01 01 05 01
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pipe
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) pipe shall comply with standard(s) indicated:

01.0
SSA 14, made of uPVC, spigot and socket type, pipe diameter(s) as
indicated.
01.1
Class 2.
01.2
Class 3.
01.3
Jointing: elastomeric gasket.
02.0
ISO 4435, made of uPVC, spigot and socket type, for buried (UD)
application, pipe diameter as indicated.
02.1
Jointing: elastomeric sealing ring according to ISO 4633 or
equivalent.
03.0
EN 1401-1, made of uPVC, spigot and socket type, for buried (UD)
application, pipe diameter(s) as indicated,
03.1
wall thickness SDR 34 (SN 8).
03.2
03.3
03.4
Jointing: elastomeric O-ring seal according to EN 681.
03.5
Jointing: solvent cement as recommended by the pipe
manufacturer.
04.0
ASTM D 2729, spigot and socket type, pipe diameter(s) as indicated.

04.1
05.0
Jointing: solvent cement in compliance with ASTM D 2564.
ASTM D 3034 (PSM), spigot and socket type, pipe diameter(s) as

indicated,
05.1
minimum wall thickness SDR 23,5.
05.2
minimum wall thickness SDR 26.
05.3
05.4
05.5
Jointing: elastomeric gasket according to ASTM D 3212.
05.6
Jointing: elastomeric seal or gasket according to ASTM F 477.
05.7
Jointing: solvent cement in compliance with ASTM D 2564 and
ASTM D 2855.
06.0
ASTM F 679, spigot and socket type, pipe diameter(s) as indicated,

06.1 minimum cell classification T-1.
2 01 01 05 03
06.2
minimum cell classification T-2.
06.3
Jointing: integral elastomeric seal according to ASTM F 477.
Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Pipe
ABS (Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene) sewer pipe and fittings shall comply with Standard(s) indicated:
01.0
ASTM D 2751, spigot and socket type, pipe diameter(s) as indicated,

01.1
Wall thickness SDR 23,5.
01.2
Wall thickness SDR 35.

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5
2 01 01 06
01.3
Wall thickness SDR 42.
01.4
Jointing: solvent cement according to ASTM D 2235.
01.5
Jointing: elastomeric gasket according to ASTM F 477.
Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastic (GRP) Pipes and Fittings
Glass-fiber reinforced plastic pipes, spigot and socket type, shall comply with the standard(s) indicated:
01.0
02.0
ASTM D 3263, pipe diameter(s) as indicated,

01.1
type 1 (RPMP polyester)
01.2
type 2 (RTRP polyester)
01.3
type 3 (RPMP epoxy)
01.4
type 4 (RTRP epoxy)
01.5
477.
Jointing: elastomeric seal or gasket in compliance with ASTM F
BS 5480, type G (gravity), max. internal hydrostatic pressure < 0,5 bar,
for flexible joints, pipe diameter(s) as indicated.
02.1
2 01 02
Jointing: elastomeric sealing ring according to BS 2494.
Granular Pipe Bedding Material
Granular pipe bedding material includes single-size granular material, graded granular material, sand, allin aggregates, and crushed aggregates.
Granular material shall be in accordance with BS 882 or an equivalent standard.
The grading shall conform to the overall limits given in Table 2-4 / Annex 6
2 01 03
Accessories
2 01 03 01
Manholes
2 01 03 01 01
Construction
01.0
Reinforced precast concrete sections in compliance with ASTM C 478 or

equivalent, designed and formed with male and female ends, with
provision for rubber gasket joints, minimum compressive strength 27,5
MPa (4000 psi), manhole top (concentric cone, eccentric cone or flat slab
top) as indicated, top of cone to match grade rings, resilient connectors
between manhole, pipes and laterals.
01.1
Including base riser section and separate base slab.
01.2
Including base riser section with integral floor.
02.0
Reinforced cast-in place concrete as specified in Section 03300,

manhole design as shown on drawings or otherwise indicated, minimum
concrete compressive strength 27,5 MPa, watertight.
03.0
Concrete brick/block units, modular size, minimum average compressive

strength 24,1 MPa (3500 psi) unless otherwise indicated, manhole
design as shown on drawings or otherwise indicated.
Clay manhole brick units, modular size, manhole design as shown on drawings or otherwise indicated,
minimum average compressive strength 21 MPa (3000 psi) unless otherwise indicated.
For excavation and backfilling see Section 02200 Earthwork.
2 01 03 01 02
Manhole Cover and Frame

01.0
Grey cast iron construction, machined flat bearing surface, removable

cover including frame, in compliance with 413, live load rating and
nominal sizes as indicated.
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6
2 01 03 01 03
02.0

cover including frame, boltable unless otherwise indicated, minimum
tensile strength 207 MPa (min. class 30 B ASTM A 48), with 100 mm
minimum width flange, size, and closed surface or open checkerboard
grille as indicated.
03.0
Cast iron construction, in compliance with EN 124, machined flat bearing

surface, removable cover, boltable unless otherwise indicated, vented,
minimum vent area > 5% of the clear opening up to 600 mm clear
opening and >140 cm2 for clear openings > 600 mm, nominal size as
indicated,
03.1
class A 15 (test load 15 KN) where indicated.
03.2
class B 125 (test load 125 KN) where indicated.
03.3
class C 250 (test load 250 KN) where indicated.
03.4
class D 400 (test load 400 KN) where indicated.
03.5
class E 600 (test load 600 KN) where indicated.
03.6
class F 900 (test load 900 KN) where indicated.
Manhole Steps
Shall be made of cast iron, epoxy coated, non-slip finishing, designed to support a concentrated load of
227 kg, at 300 mm intervals. Minimum treads length 300 mm, minimum tread width 25 mm .
2 01 03 02
Inspection Chamber
Shall be made of cast-iron unless otherwise indicated. Plastic inspection chambers shall comply with BS
7158 or equivalent. Inspection chambers made of GRC shall comply with EN 588-2 or equivalent.
Concrete inspection chambers shall comply with EN 1917 or equivalent.
2 01 03 03
Components for Pumping of Sewage in a Gravity System
2 01 03 03 01
Pumps
Each pump and its drive unit shall be suitable for the nature and composition of sewage to be pumped
and for the throughout the specified range of pumping requirements such as flow rates, heads, duty
points.
2 01 03 03 02
Prime Movers and Drives
Prime movers and drives shall be electrical type unless otherwise indicated and shall be suitable for the
type of pump specified or selected and rated for all operational conditions. Where electric motors are to
be in contact with potentially explosive atmospheres, they shall be explosion proof. Type of drive may be
direct, geared, belt, close coupled, intermediate shafting as indicated and/or approved by the Engineer.
Vibration shall be kept at a minimum.
2 01 03 03 03
Valves
All valves shall be suitable for use of wastewater indicated or expected for the Project and shall be
identified by suitable tags.
Valves of following types shall be used where indicated or appropriate and approved by the Engineer:
- Isolating valve, to allow sections of pipework, pumps, valves etc. to be removed
without emptying the whole raising main.
- Washout valve at low or intermediate points to allow sections of the rising main
to be emptied.
- Non-return valve at pumps to prevent backflow from the rising main.
- Air valves at summits and other points indicated by a surge analysis. When a
single valve is used, it shall be double acting.
When fully open, valves shall not disturb the flow distribution.
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To minimize surge pressure in the rising main, all valves on rising main shall be arranged to close before
pumps are stopped, and to open after they have reached full speed, both at controlled rates. Pressure
expansion vessels/tanks and/or water hammer arrestors shall be provided where necessary.
2 01 03 03 04
Controls and Electrical Equipment
All electrical installations shall be in compliance with requirements specified in applicable Sections of
Division 16: Electrical
Switchboards and motor controls shall be of modular construction. Each circuit shall be totally
segregated. Each pump set shall be provided with a separate starter.
Safeguards shall be incorporated in pump controls to stop units in the event of loss of suction pressure or
unacceptable flow conditions. The control system shall ensure that unnecessary repeated stopping and
starting or speed changes are avoided.
A separate connection point for a temporary power generator, with switching arrangements, shall be
provided unless otherwise indicated.
2 01 03 03 05
Instrumentation
Instrumentation shall be provided where indicated or appropriate and approved by the Engineer as
follows:
- monitoring equipment (e.g. level, flow, pressure speed, voltage, power factor,
hours run etc.)
- indication of operation of duty/standby pumps
2 01 03 03 06
Alarms
When alarm system is indicated, it shall have an emergency power source capable of operating for at
least 24 hours in the event of failure of the main power supply. The alarm system shall include where
indicated: flammable gas, fire, high water level, bearing temperature, motor temperature, pump failure,
and power failure.
2 01 04
Sanitary Sewerage Collecting Tank
2 01 04 01
General Requirements
Tanks shall be designed and manufactured so that they will not collapse or rupture when subjected to
earth and hydrostatic pressures when the tanks are full or empty. Size, placement, and number of
openings shall be taken into consideration. Unless heavier loads are expected, the minimum live load
considered at any part of the tank surface shall be 14 kPa. If lifting points are to be provided, they shall be
considered in the design and manufacturing of the structure. Unless an individual tank design requires
otherwise, the following principles shall be taken into consideration:
The septic tank system shall include at least two compartments and a distribution chamber. The first
compartment shall have a liquid volume of approximately two thirds of the liquid volume of the entire
content of the system. No baffle, tee, outlet filter unit, or compartment wall shall extend to the interior roof
without providing for venting. The cross-sectional area of a vent shall be at least equivalent to a DN 100
pipe diameter. The influent pipe shall be not less than DN 100 mm. The difference between the invert of
the influent pipe and the invert of the effluent pipe shall be a minimum of 50 mm and a maximum of 100
mm. Inlet and outlet pipes shall be connected to the tank with a sealed flexible joint to accommodate tank
movement. A baffle or tee shall be placed at the influent pipe. An outlet baffle or tee equipped with a solid
deflection device or an outlet filter device shall be placed at the effluent pipe. All accessories shall be
made of non-corrosive materials and shall be permanently connected with non-corrosive fasteners or
fittings to the inside of the tank or inlet/outlet piping. Inlet baffles or tees shall extend at least 200 mm
below the water line and at least 125 mm above the water line. The outlet device shall extend below the
water line at least 250 mm but not lower than 40% of the tank total liquid depth. It shall extend 125 above
liquid level. A solid deflector or outlet filter device shall be provided for the purpose of preventing
suspended solids greater than 2.4 mm being discharged from the tank. All requirements given are for
normal, low-flow conditions unless otherwise indicated. An access opening shall be located over the
influent baffle and the effluent baffle. It shall be provided with a lock system to prevent unauthorized
entrance. An access opening shall be provided to permit pumping of all compartments. An inspection
hole, 100 mm in diameter, shall be located over an interior divider in a two-compartment tank.
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2 01 04 02
Concrete Construction
01.0
Reinforced precast concrete construction, waterproof, surface finishes as
indicated, minimum concrete compressive strength 28 MPa (4000 psi). The
concrete cover for reinforcing bars, mats or fabric shall be not less than 25 mm,
01.1
Two-chamber system,
01.2
Three-chamber system,
01.3
Tank designs, capacity, concrete quality, internal and external
waterproofing, etc. as shown on the drawings or otherwise indicated.
02.0
Reinforced insitu-concrete construction, waterproof, surface finishes as
indicated, minimum concrete compressive strength 28 MPa (4000 psi). The
concrete cover for reinforcing bars, mats of fabric shall be not less than 25 mm,
02.1
tank designs, capacity, concrete quality, internal and external
waterproofing, etc. as shown on the drawings or otherwise indicated.
03.0
Distribution chamber, made of reinforced concrete, waterproof, with
single inlet, two outlets, gate removable cover with lift ring unless otherwise
indicated.
2 01 05
Water Treatment
Treated wastewater may be used as irrigation water supply and water for W/C flushing devices
To be specified by the Project Specifier! Information may be gathered from BS 6297 or similar sources
2 02
Storm water Drainage (Gravity System)
2 02 01
Pipe and Fittings
2 02 01 01
Steel Pipe and Fittings

In general steel pipes should not be used as buried underground piping
2 02 01 02
Vitrified clay pipe, spigot and socket type, pipe diameter(s) as indicated, shall comply with the Standards:
EN 295; ASTM C 700,
Jointing: rubber or plastic gasket for push-in joints shall comply with one of the Standards: ASTM C 425;
EN 295-4; or equivalent.
When connecting two spigot ends, coupling shall be made of a rubber or elastomeric sealing sleeve with
approved stainless steel clamp ring assembly.
2 02 01 03
2 02 01 03 01
Non-reinforced Concrete Pipe
Non-reinforced concrete pipe, shall comply with the standard(s) indicated:

01.0
ASTM C 14M, spigot and socket type, pipe diameter(s) as indicated,

01.1
class 1, wall thickness and minimum strength depending on pipe
diameter.
01.2
diameter.
01.3
diameter.
01.4
02.0
02 - Sitework
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9
02.1
Class L (light).
02.2
Class M (medium).
02.3
Class H (heavy).
02.4
2 02 01 03 02
Reinforced Concrete Pipe
Reinforced Concrete Pipe, spigot and socket type, shall comply with the standard(s) indicated:
01.0
ASTM C 76M, pipe diameter(s) as indicated,

01.1 class I, minimum concrete strength 27,6 or 34,5 MPa, depending on
pipe diameter, wall thickness as indicated.
01.2
class II, minimum concrete strength 27,6 or 34,5 MPa,
01.3
class III, minimum concrete strength 27,6 or 34,5 MPa,
01.4
class IV, minimum concrete strength 27,6 or 34,5 MPa,
01.5
class V, minimum concrete strength 41.4 MPa, wall thickness as
indicated.
01.6
02.0
02.1
class L (light).
02.2
class M (medium).
02.3
class H (heavy).
02.4
2 02 01 04
Cast Iron Pipes and Fittings
2 02 01 04 01
Cast Iron Pipe
Cast-iron soil pipe, shall comply with standard(s) indicated:

01.0 spigot and socket type, ASTM A 74, pipe diameter(s) as indicated,
01.1
class: Extra Heavy.
01.2
class: Service.
01.3
Jointing: rubber compression gasket according to ASTM C 564
02.0
Hubless type, coated, for coupling joints, pipe diameter(s) as
indicated.
02.1
Couplings: rubber or elastomeric sealing sleeve with approved
stainless steel clamp ring assembly .
2 02 01 05
2 02 01 05 01
Plasticized Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pipe
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pipe shall comply with standard(s) indicated:

01.0
made of uPVC, spigot and socket type, pipe diameter(s) as indicated,

01.1
Class 2.
02 - Sitework
2
0
01.2
Class 3.
01.3
Jointing: elastomeric gasket.
02.0
ISO 4435, made of uPVC, spigot and socket type, for UD application,
pipe diameter as indicated.
02.1
Jointing: elastomeric sealing ring according to ISO 4633 or
equivalent.
03.0
EN 1401-1, made of uPVC, spigot and socket type, for buried (UD)
application, pipe diameter(s) as indicated,
03.1
03.2
03.3
03.4
Jointing: elastomeric O-ring seal according to EN 681.
03.5
Jointing: solvent cement as recommended by the pipe
manufacturer.
04.0
ASTM D 2729, spigot and socket type, pipe diameter(s) as indicated.

04.1
Jointing: solvent cement in compliance with ASTM D 2564.
05.0
ASTM D 3034 (PSM), spigot and socket type, pipe diameter(s) as
indicated,
05.1
minimum wall thickness SDR 23,5.
05.2
05.3
05.4
05.5
Jointing: elastomeric gasket according to ASTM D 3212.
05.6
Jointing: elastomeric seal or gasket according to ASTM F 477.
05.7
Jointing: solvent cement in compliance with ASTM D 2564 and
ASTM D 2855.
06.0
ASTM F 679, spigot and socket type, pipe diameter(s) as indicated,

06.1 minimum cell classification T-1.
2 02 01 05 03
06.2
minimum cell classification T-2.
06.3
Jointing: integral elastomeric seal according to ASTM F 477.
Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Pipe
ABS (Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene) sewer pipe and fittings shall comply with Standard(s) indicated:
01.0
2 02 01 06
ASTM D 2751, spigot and socket type, pipe diameter(s) as indicated,

01.1
wall thickness SDR 23,5.
01.2
wall thickness SDR 35.
01.3
wall thickness SDR 42.
01.4
Jointing: solvent cement according to ASTM D 2235.
01.5
Jointing: elastomeric gasket according to ASTM F 477.
Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastic (GRP) Pipes and Fittings
Glass-fiber reinforced plastic pipes, spigot and socket type, shall comply with the standard(s) indicated:
01.0
ASTM D 3263, pipe diameter(s) as indicated,

01.1
type 1 (RPMP polyester)

02 - Sitework
2
1
01.2
type 2 (RTRP polyester)
01.3
type 3 (RPMP epoxy)
01.4
type 4 (RTRP epoxy)
01.5
477.
Jointing: elastomeric seal or gasket in compliance with ASTM F
02.0
BS 5480, type G (gravity), max. internal pressure < 0,5 bar, for flexible
joints, pipe diameter(s) as indicated.
02.1
2 02 02
Jointing: elastomeric sealing ring according to BS 2494.
Granular Pipe Bedding Material
Granular pipe bedding material includes single-size granular material, graded granular material, sand, allin aggregates, and crushed aggregates.
Granular material shall be in accordance with BS 882 or an equivalent standard.
The grading shall conform to the overall limits given in Table 2-4 / Annex 6.
2 02 03
Accessories
2 02 03 01
Manhole
2 02 03 01 01
Construction
01.0
Reinforced precast concrete sections in compliance with ASTM C 478 or
equivalent, designed and formed with male and female ends, with provision for
rubber gasket joints, minimum compressive strength 27,5 MPa (4000 psi),
manhole top (concentric cone, eccentric cone or flat slab top) as indicated, top of
cone to match grade rings, resilient connectors between manhole, pipes and
laterals.
01.1
Including base riser section and separate base slab.
01.2
Including base riser section with integral floor.
02.0
Reinforced cast-in place concrete as specified in Section 03300,
manhole design as shown on drawings or otherwise indicated, minimum concrete
compressive strength 27,5 MPa (4000 psi)
03.0
Concrete brick/block units, modular size, minimum average compressive
strength 24,1 MPa (3500 psi) unless otherwise indicated, manhole design as
shown on drawings or otherwise indicated.
04.0
Clay manhole brick units, modular size, manhole design as shown on
drawings or otherwise indicated, minimum average compressive strength 21 MPa
(3000 psi) unless otherwise indicated.
For excavation and backfilling see Section 02200 Earthwork.
2 02 03 01 02
Manhole Cover and Frame

01.0
cover, in compliance with 413, live load rating and nominal sizes as indicated.
02.0
cover, boltable unless otherwise indicated, minimum tensile strength 207 MPa
(min. class 30 B ASTM A 48), with 100 mm minimum width flange, closed surface
or open checkerboard grille as indicated.
03.0
Cast iron construction, in compliance with EN 124, machined flat bearing
surface, removable cover, boltable unless otherwise indicated, vented, minimum
vent area > 5% up to 600 mm clear opening and >140 cm2 for clear openings >
600 mm, nominal sizes as indicated,
03.1
03.2

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2
2 02 03 01 03
03.3
class C 250 (test load 250 KN) where indicated.
03.4
03.5
class E 600 (test load 600 KN) where indicated.
03.6
Manhole Steps
Shall be made of cast iron, epoxy coated, and non-slip finishing, designed to support a concentrated load
of 227 kg, at 300 mm intervals unless otherwise indicated. Minimum treads length 300 mm, minimum
tread width 25 mm unless otherwise indicated.
2 02 03 03
Inspection Chambers
Shall be made of cast-iron unless otherwise indicated. Plastic inspection chambers shall comply with BS
7158; inspection chambers made of GRC shall comply with EN 588-2; concrete inspection chambers
shall comply with EN 1917.
2 02 03 04
Yard Drain (Gully)

01.0
made of cast iron or cast steel unless otherwise indicated, including
removable grating and corrosion protected dirt bucket, in compliance with EN 124
or an equivalent standard, nominal size as indicated,
01.1
01.2
01.3 class C 250 (test load 250 KN) where indicated.

01.4
01.5 class E 600 (test load 600 KN) where indicated.

01.6
2 02 05
Soakaway Pits
Soakaway pits shall not be installed less than 5 m from any concrete foundation to avoid settlement
2 03
Subsoil Drainage
2 03 01
Pipe and Fittings
2 03 01 01
Clay Pipe and Fittings
Clay pipe shall be made of burned clay, shale, fire clay or a mixture thereof, pipe diameter(s) as indicated.
Clay pipes shall comply with standard(s) indicated:
01.0
ASTM C 4, water absorption in compliance with class requirements, buttended, with smooth inside,
2 03 01 02
01.1
Class: Standard drain tile.
01.2
Class: Extra-quality drain tile.
01.3
Class: Heavy-duty drain tile.
01.4
Jointing: butt jointed.
Concrete drainage pipes shall comply with standard(s) indicated:

01.0
BS 5911-114 porous precast concrete pipe, with rebated joints, with nonporous invert extruded for the full length of the pipe and to a height up to the pipe
equal to not less than one-third of the internal diameter, pipe diameter(s) as
indicated.
01.1
Class 1 (min. crushing load 20 KN/m).

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01.2
Class 2 (min. crushing load 23-30 KN/m, depending on pipe
diameter).
2 03 01 03
Perforation slots shall be uniformly spaced along the length of the pipe. Dimensions and spacing of slots
shall be as indicated in the Standard.
01.0
Corrugated Polyethylene (PE) Tubing ASTM F 405, perforated, pipe
diameter(s) as indicated.
02.0
Jointing: Snap-on, screw-on, or wrap around as recommended by the
tubing manufacturer and approved by the Engineer.
03.0
Corrugated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) Tubing ASTM F 800, perforated, pipe
diameter(s) as indicated.
04.0
Jointing: Snap-on, screw-on, or wrap-around as recommended by the
tubing manufacturer and approved by the Engineer.
05.0
Corrugated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) pipes ASTM F 949, perforated,
pipe diameter(s) as indicated.
06.0
Jointing: elastomeric seal according to ASTM F 477.
2 03 02
Accessories
2 03 02 01
Joint Cover
Shall be asphalt-saturated roofing felt or polyethylene as approved by the Engineer.
2 03 02 02
Filter Material
Filter material to be used shall restrict fine particles of silt and sand from entering the drain.
Filter material shall be a suitable well-graded sand-gravel mixture, or non-biodegradability black polyolefin
or polyester, nylon fabric or other material approved by the Engineer.
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Part 3: Execution
3 01
General Examination
Immediately before laying, examine accessories, each pipe and joint again for soundness and cleanliness
and make sure that material and surfaces, which form part of a joint, are clean and dry before
commencing their assembly. All defective material shall be replaced. Check that the position and levels of
existing drains and services have been established. Check that trench lines do not encroach on routes of
other services and obstructions. Investigate if there is a risk of unplanned extraneous water entering
drains and sewers and investigate to determine the extent of this risk and provide adequate protection.
3 02
General Preparation
Provide and fix clear, stable markers and reference points for lines and levels. Hand trim excavations to
required elevations. Establish the center line and width of trenches and locate manholes, inspection
chambers, etc. and ensure that proper branch drain alignments can be achieved.
3 03
Installation
3 03 01
General
Installation of piping systems shall begin at the low point of the system, true to grades and alignment
indicated with unbroken continuity of invert. Bell ends/sockets of piping shall be faced upstream. Gaskets,
seals, sleeves, couplings etc. shall be installed in accordance with manufacturers recommendations for
use of lubricants, solvent cements, glue, etc. and other installation requirements.
Where pipes are generally provided with flexible joints, locate joint positions as closely as practicable to
the external faces of structures, manholes, inspection chambers and the like, through which the pipes are
laid. Where pipes are generally laid with rigid joints and there is no specified provision for flexible joints at
the above positions, get instructions of the Engineer, if it is required that such provisions are necessary.
All buried pipelines shall be buried in a way to withstand the full loading of backfilled soil and all traffic
loading indicated and expected. During installation work, excavations shall be kept free from water, e.g.
rainwater, seepage water, spring water or water from leaks from pipelines. Methods of dewatering shall
not affect embedments and pipelines. Precautions shall be taken to prevent loss of fine bedding and filling
material. On completion of dewatering, any temporary drains shall be adequately sealed.
3 03 03
Bedding and Laying of Stormwater and Sanitary Sewerage Pipes
3 03 03 01
General
Unless the design permits and the Engineer approves and the nature of the ground is such as to allow it
to be trimmed to formation, pipes shall be laid on a granular piping bed as indicated.
Granular Bedding:
A shallow depression shall be formed by the barrel of the pipe as it is laid. Provide socket holes at each
joint position. Ensure that these are deep enough to prevent the weight of the pipe and the load upon it
bearing on the socket or coupling, while leaving the specified depth of bedding beneath the joint.
The width of the bedding shall be the width of the trench unless otherwise indicated.
The thickness of the granular bedding layer, measured under the pipe barrel, shall not be less than:
- 100 mm in normal soil conditions
- 150 mm in rock or hard soil conditions
Where the trench bottom has little bearing strength to support the pipe bedding material, special
construction measures will be necessary. These measures include replacement of soil with other
materials, e.g. sand, gravel or concrete. Concrete includes lightweight concrete, lean concrete,
unreinforced concrete, reinforced concrete, and soil cement. The special measures of bedding shall only
be used if their suitability has been confirmed by structural design calculations established by the
Contractor and approved by the Engineer. The placement of side fill and backfill shall only be
commenced when the pipe joints and the bedding are in a condition to permit loading. Side fill shall be
granular bedding material or-when approved by the Engineer- selected material as specified in Section
02200 Earthwork.
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Minimum thickness of the initial backfill shall be 300 mm above the pipe barrel unless otherwise indicated
and shall be selected material as specified in Section 02200 Earthwork. The initial backfill shall be
carefully compacted. The degree of compaction shall be verified by testing approved by the Engineer.
The choice of compaction equipment, the number of passes and the thickness of layers to be compacted
shall take account of the material to be compacted and the installed pipe. Compaction by saturating the
side fill and backfill is permissible only in exceptional cases in non-cohesive soil. All pipes shall be laid
true to the line and level within tolerances indicated in applicable codes and standards. Any necessary
adjustment to the level shall be made by raising or lowering the bedding, always ensuring that the pipes
are finally provided with the minimum thickness of bedding layer and full support along their whole length.
Permanent adjustments shall never be made by local packing.
3 03 03 02
Pipe Laying of Flexible Pipes
3 03 03 02 01
UPVC Pipes
UPVC pipes shall be laid in compliance with ASTM D 2321 unless otherwise indicated. The pipes shall be
bedded true to line and grade with uniform and continuous support from a firm base. Blocking shall not be
used to bring the pipe to grade. Pipe bedding shall be at least 150 mm thick, class I bedding material,
carefully placed in the trench bottom. To avoid loss of side support, the same material shall be used for
haunching up to the spring line of the pipe. Initial backfill shall be selected material as specified in Section
02200 Earthwork. Haunching and initial backfilling shall comply with procedures given in ASTM D 2321
for wet and dry conditions.
Compaction of haunching and initial backfill shall be done in such a way so that compaction equipment is
not used directly above the pipe until sufficient backfill has been placed to ensure that such compaction
equipment will not damage the pipe.
3 03 03 02 02
Glass-fibre Reinforced Thermosetting Pipes
Pipes shall be lowered into the trench using equipment suitable for the weight and size of the pipes. Pipes
< DN 300 may be lowered by hand using suitable ropes.
Where the pipeline is suspected to be subject to movement due to ground settlement or temperature
variation, a gap shall be left between the end of the spigot and the bottom of the socket to allow for
tolerable changes of direction and/or length.
Unless otherwise indicated, pipe installation shall comply with the principles given in ASTM D 3839.
3 03 03 03
Pipe Laying of Rigid Pipes
3 03 03 03 01
Vitrified Clay Pipes
Sand is suitable as a bedding material in a total sand environment but may be unsuitable where high and
rapidly changing water tables are present in the pipe zone. It may be also unsuitable for pipe bedding or
haunching in a trench cut by blazing or in trenches through clay type soil. Vitrified clay pipes shall be laid
in compliance with ASTM C 12 unless otherwise indicated.
01.0
Class A bedding, pipe bedded with concrete cradle, or bedded in
carefully placed granular material, so that the material fills and supports the
haunch area and top half of the pipe covered with monolithic reinforced concrete
arch where indicated. Minimum concrete strength 20.7 MPa (3000 psi).
Place pipe in proper position on temporary supports, or, when necessary, rigidly
anchor or weight the pipe to prevent floatation as concrete is placed.
02.0
Class B bedding, pipe bedded and carefully placed in granular material,
so that the material fills and supports the haunch area and encases the pipe to
the limits shown in the trench diagrams.
Granular material shall be well-graded 6-19 mm crushed stone or other nonconsolidating bedding material not subject to migration.
03.0
Class C bedding, pipe bedded and carefully placed in locally available
material (pea gravel, sand), so that the material fills and supports the haunch
area. Initial backfill shall be selected material
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04.0
Class D bedding on trench bottom, with holes for pipe sockets excavated
to prevent point loading of the socket or coupling and to establish full-length
support of the pipe barrel.
05.0
Where indicated or appropriate, the pipe shall be encased completely
with concrete, minimum thickness, at any point, one fourth of the outside
diameter of the pipe or 100 mm, whichever is greater.
Place pipe in proper position on temporary supports, or, when necessary, rigidly
anchor or weight the pipe to prevent floatation as concrete is placed.
06.0
Where indicated or appropriate, the pipe shall be encased completely
with crushed stone, minimum thickness beneath the pipe shall be 100 mm or one
eighth of the outside pipe diameter, which ever is greater, upwards to the
horizontal plane at the top of the pipe barrel, carefully placed, so that the material
fills and supports the haunch area. Encasement shall be of well-graded crushed
stone or other non-consolidating bedding material not subject to migration.
3 03 03 03 02
Cast Iron Pipes
Pipes shall be lowered into the trench with tackle suitable for the mass of the pipes. For pipe diameters >
DN 250, a mobile crane or a well designed set of shear legs shall be used and the positioning of the sling
checked, when the pipe is just clear of the ground, to ensure a proper balance. The inside of sockets and
the outside of spigots shall be cleaned for at least the insertion depth for each joint. Where lifting gear has
been used to place the pipe in the trench, it shall be used to support the pipe and assist centralizing the
spigot in the socket. Where the pipeline is suspected to be subject to movement due to ground
settlement or temperature variation, a suitable gap shall be left between the end of the spigot and the
bottom of the socket.
3 03 04
Pipe Bedding and Laying of Subsoil Drainage Pipes
Pipes shall be laid so that the sides of the pipes are bedded with uniform and continuous support. Side fill
material shall be suitable granular material properly placed and compacted to provide lateral restraint.
When the pipes are to be laid in a rock cut, the trench shall be over-excavated to a depth of 150 mm
below grade level and this space filled to grade with suitable granular bedding material and tamped to
provide a firm foundation.
Pipes shall be bedded as indicated or/and approved by the Engineer as follows:
01.0
on the undisturbed trench bottom
02.0
on a concrete bedding
03.0
on a granular bedding in cut rock
If a granular pipe bedding is not indicated, the undisturbed trench bottom or concrete bedding shall be
shaped with a trapezoidal groove to provide support for the pipe and maintaining alignment. Pipes shall
be covered with a sand-gravel filter layer as indicated. The minimum thickness of the filter layer above the
top of the pipe shall be 150 mm. Where a non-biodegradable filter fabric is used as filter, the fabric shall
be placed immediately on the top of the pipe, covering the full width of the trench unless otherwise
indicated. During installation protect all open joints with joint cover when a sand-gravel mixture is used as
a filter. General backfilling of trenches shall comply with requirement given in Section 02200 Earthwork.
3 03 05
Pipe Jointing
3 03 05 01
General
Where it is necessary to cut rigid pipes, use a professional pipe cutter so as to leave a clean end square
to the axis of the pipe. Cut plastic pipes with a fine tooth saw.
Where required or recommended by the pipe manufacturer, chamfer cut spigots.
Where a part of a factory prepared flexible joint system has been cut off in order to shorten a pipe and a
rigid joint has to be used, ensure that the overall length of the rigidly jointed pipes is not greater than the
normal length of a pipe used in the installation. For joints between different materials, use only correct
adapters or techniques in accordance with referenced standards and manufacturers instructions.
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3 03 05 02
Flexible Joints for Rigid Pipes
When fixing flexible ring joints for rigid pipes, the retrained elastomeric ring or gasket shall be located
within the spigot or sleeve or by means of a moulding in the spigot. Ensure that any lubrication of ring,
spigot or socket is strictly in accordance with pipe manufacturers instructions and that only recommended
lubricants are used. When rolling ring joints are used, apply no lubricant on the rolling ring joints. Place
the elastomeric ring or gasket on the tip of the spigot unless otherwise recommended by the
manufacturer. Ensure that the jointing faces of the pipes are dry, clean and free from soil or bedding
particles. Lay the spigot of the pipe squarely into the socket after bedding material has been removed to
accommodate the socket. For pipe diameter up to DN 300, push the joint home by hand or by using a
lever while protecting the spigot of the pipes with a piece of timber. For larger pipe diameters use joints
tackle such as strong-hads and winches.
3 03 05 03
Rigid Joints for Clayware and Concrete
Make rigid joints (spigot and socket joints) only where indicated by caulking with tarred rope yarn to
centralize the spigot and to prevent the entry of cement into the bore. Fill the joint with stiff mortar (cement
: sand / 1 : 3) and fillet the mortar beyond the socket.
Protect newly made joints from premature drying and do not subject them to the test pressure for at least
48 hours after making.
3 03 05 04
Rigid Joints for Cast-Iron Pipes
Make rigid joints (spigot and socket joints) only where indicated. Joint spigot and socket by first caulking
with suitable yarn to centralize the spigot and to prevent the entry of jointing material in the bore. Then run
molten lead or caulk lead yarn into the full depth of the joint to a minimum depth of 50 mm.
After the joint has cooled caulk to finish the joint flush with the socket end.
3 03 05 05
Rigid Solvent-welded Joints for Plastic Pipes
Make rigid joints only where indicated strictly in accordance with manufacturers instructions. Ensure that
surfaces are clean. After jointing clean off any surplus material. Where pipeline assemblies have been
jointed outside the trench, do not lower them into the trench until the period for complete setting has
expired.
3 03 06
Sanitary Sewerage Collecting Tanks
See relevant Sections 03300 Cast-in Place Concrete, 03400 Precast Concrete, 05100 Structural Steel or
as indicated otherwise.
3 03 07
Stormwater Collecting Tanks
See relevant Sections 03300 Cast-in Place Concrete, 03400 Precast Concrete, 05100 Structural Steel or
as indicated otherwise.
3 03 08
Accessories
3 03 08 01
Manholes and Inspection Chambers
3 03 08 01 01
General
Carry out the construction of manholes, inspection chambers, etc. in close sequence with pipe laying and
in accordance with drawings. Build in channels for the whole length of the manhole or inspection
chamber, using the same material as for the pipeline unless otherwise indicated. When bedding items of
PVC or similar material on a cementious bedding, use special clips or provide a mechanical key to the
PVC items in accordance with manufacturers instructions.
Form any concrete benching required vertically from the channel to the height of the soffit of the outlet,
then form a radius of 25 mm and rise with a slope of approximately 1 in 12 to the walls of the manhole.
Finish benching smooth.
Apply on all external masonry surfaces a cement plaster and a bituminous waterproofing for all surfaces
in contact with soil unless otherwise indicated.
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3 03 08 01 02
Brickwork Construction
Before commencing brickwork, construct a concrete slab base at least 150 mm thick, concrete class C 25
unless otherwise indicated. Construct walls at least 200 mm thick. Fill joints with cement mortar at least 4
mm but not more than 6 mm thick, flush jointed as the work proceeds. For further requirements see
Section 04200 Unit Masonry.
3 03 08 01 03
Precast Concrete Construction
Ensure that precast concrete units are vertical and correctly aligned. Either ensure that there is a full bed
of cement mortar in the joints and finish jointing flush internally, or use proprietary jointing material in
accordance with manufacturers instructions.
For further requirements see Section 03400 Precast Concrete.
3 03 08 01 05
Step Irons
Fix step irons into manholes at every fourth course or at intervals of between 230 mm and 300 mm so
that the top step is not more than 750 mm below the surface and the bottom step not more than 450 mm
above the benching. Maintain the steps at constant intervals. Stagger step irons in two vertical rows at
300 mm centers.
3 03 08 01 06
Cover Frames
Except for pre-fitted cover frames and unless otherwise indicated, bed the cover frame and immediately
insert the lid in position ensuring the bed mortar is still plastic.
Bed the cover frame solidly in cement mortar over the whole of the seating area.
3 03 09
Water Treatment
Any sewerage water evacuated from a building or a building site to a public sewer line or disposed
otherwise shall be adequately treated.
Any possible contamination, impurity, etc. shall not exceed limit values jointly set forth by the Ministry of
Agriculture and the Ministry of Municipal & Rural Affairs (MOMRA) in compliance with Royal Decree No.
M/6 dated 13.2.1421H.
3 04
Field Quality Control
3 04 01
General
Testing for leak tightness of pipelines, manholes, and inspection chambers etc. shall be conducted either
with air or water as indicated. In the case of air tests, the number of corrections and retests following a
failure is unrestricted. In the event of a single or continued air test failure, recourse to a water test will be
acceptable and the result of the water test shall be decisive. If the groundwater level is above the top of
the pipeline during testing, an infiltration test may be required by the Engineer at no additional costs.
Initial testing may be required by the Engineer before any backfilling is placed. However, for final
acceptance, the pipeline, manhole, inspection chamber etc. shall be tested after backfilling and removal
of sheeting (if any).
3 04 02
Visual Inspection
Carry out general inspections both during the progress of works and of the complete installation. These
inspections shall include but not be limited to:
-Checking line and level
-Checking joints
-Checking for damage or deformation
-Checking connections
-Checking linings and coatings
-Checking setting of covers and frames in manholes, inspection and other
chambers
-Checking pipes entering or leaving structures
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-testing pipe profile by passing a sphere of diameter 5% less than the pipe
diameter through all pipelines.
3 04 03
Tests
3 04 03 01
Pre-test Procedures for Air- and Water Test
Ensure the safety of operatives and other personnel involved in testing. Provide secure access and
ensure support to trenches is maintained. Ensure that the pipeline section is adequately anchored against
movement before any pressure test is applied.
Stop open ends with approved plugs, stoppers or blank caps, properly jointed and secured to resist the
pressure applied. Where a water test is applied ensure that the means of releasing water from the drain
stopper can be operated from surface level.
Remove obstructions, debris and superfluous matter from sections of pipeline, manholes and inspection
chambers and flush it out with water before testing. Using great care and wearing protective clothing
including gloves and eye shields, clean surfaces with suitable cleaners if needed and hose down treated
surfaces thoroughly with water.
3 04 03 02
Air Test
Suitable airtight plugs shall be used in order to avoid errors arising from the test equipment. Testing times
for pipelines (excluding manholes and inspection chambers) shall comply with Table 1 / Annex 6 in
relation to pipe size and testing method applied.
The testing method to be used shall be approved by the Engineer. For safety reasons, special care is
required for large DN during testing. An initial pressure approximately 10% in access of the required test
pressure, shall first be held for approximately 5 minutes. The pressure shall then be adjusted to the test
pressure shown in Table 1 / Annex 6 related to the testing method. If the pressure drop measured after
the testing time is less than delta p given in Table 1 / Annex 6, the pipeline complies with this
Specification. The equipment used for measuring the pressure drop shall allow a measurement with an
accuracy of 10% of delta p. The accuracy of measurement of time shall be 5 seconds. Until there is
sufficient experience of air testing manholes and inspection chambers, and when approved by the
Engineer, testing time of half that for a pipeline of equivalent diameter may be used.
Air testing of vitrified clay pipes in compliance with ASTM may be in accordance with ASTM C 828 unless
otherwise indicated.
3 04 03 03
Water Test
The test pressure is the pressure equivalent to or resulting from filling the test section up to the ground
level of the downstream or upstream manhole, as appropriate, with a maximum pressure of 50 kPa and a
minimum pressure of 10 kPa measured at the top of the pipe. Higher test pressure may be applied and
required by the Engineer for parts of pipelines, which are designed to operate under permanent or
temporary surcharge. After the pipelines and/or manholes are filled and the required pressure applied,
conditioning may be necessary.
Testing time shall be 30 minutes. In case of concrete pipes, testing time shall be 60 minutes. Test
pressure shall be maintained within 1 kPa of the test pressure applied by topping up with water. The total
amount of water added during the test to achieve this requirement shall be measured and recorded with
the head of water at the required test pressure.
The test requirement is satisfied if the amount of water added is not greater than:
-0,15 l/m2 wetted internal surface during 30 minutes for pipelines
-0,20l/m2 wetted internal surface during 30 minutes for pipelines including
manholes
-0,40 l/m2 wetted internal surface during 30 minutes for manholes and inspection
chambers.
Unless otherwise indicated, testing of individual joints, instead of testing of the whole pipeline, will be
accepted for pipelines larger than DN 1000.
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0
3 04 03 05
Miscellaneous Tests
3 04 03 05 01
Leak tightness of Concrete Tanks
Testing for leakage, to determine leakage below water, shall be performed using either vacuum testing or
water-pressure testing as approved by the Engineer.
Vacuum Testing:
Seal the empty tank and apply a vacuum to 50 mm of mercury. The tank is deemed to be leakage tight, if
90% of vacuum is held for 2 minutes.
Water-Pressure Testing:
Seal the tank, fill with water, and let stand for 24 hours. Then refill the tank. The tank deemed to be
leakage tight, if water level is held for one hour.
3 04 03 05 02
Testing of Bedding Material
Carry out tests to determine the suitability of granular material to be used for any bedding and side fills.
3 04 03 05 04
Testing of Sewerage Water
Carry out all necessary tests required to ensure that all sewerage water evacuated from a building or a
building site is not contaminated and the given limit values set forth by the Ministry of Agriculture and the
Ministry of Municipal & Rural Affairs (MOMRA) are not exceeded. (see Royal Decree No. M/6 dated
13.2.1421H)
3 04 04
Recording Results of Field Quality Control
For every test and visual inspection, record the following information and provide copies to the Engineer
as required:
-the location of pipeline or other item tested and the date of the test or inspection
-the results
-the personnel involved
3 05
Adjusting and Cleaning
Immediately before handing over and inspection of drainage works, flush out the complete installation and
remove any remaining silt and debris.
3 07
Protection
Protect completed sections of pipelines, manholes, tanks, and all other work from damage by construction
traffic and work of other trades.
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Part 4: Method of Measurement

4 01
General
The quantities to be paid for will be measured in place or will be determined from approved drawings.
Pipes of differing material and size, special lining or coating etc. will be measured separately.
For measurement of excavation and general backfilling see Section 02200 Earthwork.
4 02
Units of Measurement
Pipes of different diameter will be measured by length (linear meter) between the inside face of manholes,
but over all bends, branches, adapters and the like, giving the depth of the pipeline in depth-range stages.
All items, which are measured by linear meter, will be measured parallel to the base upon which they are
placed.
Concrete beds, concrete haunching and surrounding, and concrete cradles will be measured by length
(linear meter) between manholes, but over all bends, branches, and the like.
Bends, branches, adapters and the like will be enumerated as extra-over the pipeline in which they occur.
Collecting tanks, manholes and inspection chambers will be enumerated, indicating type, size, step irons,
plaster, waterproofing, fittings, accessories and the like.
Manhole covers including frame, cleanouts, will be enumerated, indicating type, material, size, etc.
Accessories e.g. pumps and other equipment will be enumerated, indicating type, size, quality,
performance criteria, bedding in concrete and providing gratings, sealing plates, and the like.
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Part 5: Basis of Payment

5 01
General
Payment will be made for complete work including furnishing all material necessary, equipment, tools,
storage facilities, water, power and for all labour including samples, mock-ups, cutting and jointing, coordination work with other trades, checking, testing, quality assurance, cleaning and protecting and
including but not limited to ancillary works as indicated below.
Material, which is unnecessarily wasted, disposed off site, or otherwise misused, shall be replaced at
Contractors expense.
No payment will be made for unauthorized operations.
Material or work, which does not conform to specification requirements, shall be removed and replaced
on Contractors expense.
When a complete structure or unit e.g. a septic tank, manhole, and the like is specified as the unit of
measurement, the unit will include all necessary fittings and accessories.
5 02
Ancillary Works to be included in the Unit Price Rates
Keeping trenches and excavation pits free of water at all times until final handing over.
Connections to public mains or existing piping.
Pipe bedding including hand trimming trench bottom.
Pipework support e.g. sheeting and the like.
Side fills and initial backfill of pipelines
Preparation of shop drawings
Preparation of working drawings.
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Annex: Tables and Figures

6 01
Tables
Table 1: Test Pressure, Pressure Drop and Testing Times for
Testing with Air (EN 1610)
Material
Testing method
Testing time
min
mbar
(kPa)
LA
10
(1)
Unsoaked Concrete
pipes
LB
50
DN 100
DN 200
DN 300
DN 400
0,058
0,058
0,053
0,040
10
DN 600
DN 800
DN 1000
0,0267
0,020
0,016
14
19
24
2,5
(,25)
10
(5)
(1)
LC
LD
100
(10)
200
(20)
KP-values
15
(1,5)
15
(1,5)
**)
Soaked concrete
pipes and all other
materials
LA
LB
LC
LD
10
2,5
(1)
(0,25)
50
10
(5)
(1)
100
15
(10)
(1,5)
200
15
(20)
(1,5)
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15
19
11
14
1,5
1,5
2,5
3
4
0,058
KP-values**)
*)
**)
0,058
0,040
0,030
pressure above atmospheric pressure.
t=
1
Kp
X In
po
Po - p
for unsoaked concrete pipes, KP =
16
DN
with a maximum of 0,058.
For soaked concrete pipes and all other materials KP =

With t rounded to the nearest 0,5 min when
t5
12
DN
with a maximum of 0,058.
min, and the nearest minute when t > 5 min.
In = log
Table 2: Coarse Aggregate for Granular Pipe Bedding

Sieve size
mm
50,0
37,5
20,0
14,0
10,0
5,0
2,36
Percentage by mass passing BS sieves for nominal sizes

Graded aggregate
Single sized aggregate
mm
mm
40 to 5
20 to 5
14 to 5
40
20
14
10
100
100
90-100
100
85-100
100
35-70
90-100
100
0-25
85-100
100
90-100
85-100
100
10-40
30-60
50-85
0-5
0-25
0-50
85-100
0-5
0-10
0-10
0-5
0-10
0-25
0-5
5
100
45-100
0-30
Table 3: Fine Aggregate for Granular Pipe Bedding

Sieve size
10,00 mm
5,00 mm
2,36 mm
1,18 mm
600 microm.
300 microm.
150 microm.
Percentage by mass passing BS sieve

Overall limits
Additional limits for grading
C
M
F
100
89-100
60-100
60-100
65-100
80-100
30-100
30-90
45-100
70-100
15-100
15-54
25-80
55-100
5-70
5-40
5-48
5-70
0-15
-
Table 4: All-in Aggregate for Granular Pipe Bedding

Sieve size
Sewerage and Drainage |

*)
Percentage by mass passing BS sieves for nominal sizes

40 mm
20 mm
10 mm
5 mm
50,0 mm
100
37,5 mm
95-100
100
20,0 mm
45-80
95-100
14,0 mm
100
10,0 mm
95-100
100
5,00 mm
25-50
35-55
35-65
70-100
2,36 mm
20-50
25-100
1,18 mm
15-40
15-45
600 microm.
8-30
10-35
10-30
5-25
3
Division
300 microm.
-02 - Sitework5-15
3-20
5
*)
*)
*)
150 m
0-8
0-8
0-8
0-15
Increased to10 % for crushed rock fines
0,020
0,015
0,012
02 - Sitework
3
6
6 02
Figures
Fig. 1: Terminology of ASTM C 12

Fig. 2 : Class A Concrete Cradle (ASTM C 12)
02 - Sitework
3
7
Fig. 3: Class A Concrete Arch (ASTM C 12)
Fig. 4: Crushed stone encasement (ASTM C 12)
02 - Sitework
3
8
Fig. 5: Class B Pipe Bedding (ASTM C 12)
Fig. 6: Class C Pipe Bedding (ASTM C 12)
02 - Sitework
3
9
Fig. 7: Class D Pipe Bedding (ASTM C 12)
02 - Sitework
4
0

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Division 02 - Sitework

02700 - Sewerage and Drainage

Sanitary Sewerage (Gravity System)

Stormwater Drainage (Gravity System)

Sanitary Sewerage (Pressure System)

Stormwater Drainage (Pressure System)

Water Treatment (Drainage Field System)

International Standard Organization (ISO)

Steel tubes for water and sewage

Ductile iron pipes, fittings and accessories for pressure pipelines

Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC) Pipes and Fittings

Sewerage and Drainage | Division

Cast iron drainage pipes and fittings - Spigot series

Pipework components - Definitions and selection of DN

ISOTR 7073 : 88 Recommended techniques for the installation of unplasticized

Ductile iron products for sewage applications

Pipe components - Definition of nominal pressure

GRP pipes reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes and

Ductile iron pipes - Polyethylene sleeving

ISO 8572 : 91 Pipes and fittings made of glass-reinforced thermosetting

American Society for Testing and Material (ASTM)

Standard Specification for Cast Iron Soil Pipe and

ASTM A 796 : 95 Standard Practice for Structural Design of Corrugated Steel

Sewerage and Drainage | Division

Standard Specification for Concrete Pipe for Irrigation or

Standard Practice for Concrete Drain Tile [Metric]

Standard Specification for Perforated Concrete Pipe

Standard Specification for Rubber Gaskets for Cast Iron

Standard Specification for Porous Concrete Pipe [Metric]

Standard Specification for Chemical-Resistant Resin

Standard Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and

Standard Specification for Precast Septic Tanks

Standard Specification for Corrugated Polyethylene (PE)

Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping

Sewerage and Drainage | Division

American National Standard Institute (ANSI)

Quality control and sampling

Requirements for special fittings, adapters and compatible

Requirements for perforated vitrified clay pipes and fittings

Requirements for vitrified clay manholes

Fibre-cement pipes for sewers and drains

Pipes, joints and fittings for gravity systems

Manholes and Inspection Chambers

Drain and sewer systems outside buildings

Generalities and definitions

Hydraulic design and environmental considerations

Sewerage and Drainage | Division

Maintenance and operations

Vacuum sewerage systems outside buildings

Construction and testing of drains and sewers

Pressure sewerage systems outside buildings

EN 1917 : 95 Concrete Manholes and Inspection Chambers, unreinforced,

Specification for aggregates from natural sources for concrete

Elastomeric Seals for Joints in Pipework and Pipelines

BS 5480 : 90 Specification for glass reinforced (GRP) pipes, joints and

Precast concrete pipes, fittings and ancillary products

BS 5911-2 :82 Specification for Inspection Chambers

Hydraulic engineering and construction work

Pipelines and ducts

Plastic Inspection Chambers

Replaced by BS-EN 752 -2 ff

Pipelines on land: design, construction and installation