EE xxxx - Laboratory Practice VI

SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR TRANSIENT

ANALYSIS
Semester 7

Instructed by: Mr. W.D. Prasad

Group Members:
W.G.M. Amaradasa
H.K.G. Amarasignhe
(Name)
(Name)

(Index)
(Index)
(Index)
(Index)

Name
Index No.
Group
Field
Date of Perform.
Date of Submission

: W.G.M. Amaradasa
: 110027A
: G-08
: Electrical Engineering
: 11/08/2015
: 25/08/2015

OBSERVATIONS
Experiment

: Synchronous Generator Transient Analysis

Name

: W.G.M. Amaradasa

Index No.

: 110027A

Group

: G-08

Date of Performance: 11/08/2015

Instructed By

: Mr. W.D. Prasad

a) Obtaining of Short Circuit Armature Current oscillogram

Pre-short circuit line voltage

: 77 V

Steady shot circuit current

: 4.4 A

Generator Speed

: 1497.8 rpm

No of Generator pole pairs

:2

b) Obtaining of field current oscillogram

Steady State Field Current

: 0.20 A

c) Obtaining of Open Circuit Armature Voltage Waveform

d) Slip Test
Current Waveform

Voltage Waveform

Minimum Phase Current

:5A

Maximum Phase Current : 5.1 A

Minimum Line Voltage

: 46 V

Maximum Line Voltage

: 43 V

Generator Speed

: 1436 rpm

CALCULATIONS
i.

Calculating Xd, Xd, Xd, Td, Td, Td0, Td0 and Ta

Step 1:

Obtaining the half magnitude peak current value from short circuit current waveform and drawing the
graph of that vs. time and calculate
Time (s)
0.01
0.03
0.05
0.07
0.09
0.11
0.13
0.15
0.17
0.19

X d and

Ia(pk-pk) (A)
44
30
24
20.5
19
16.5
16.5
15
15.5
16

X 'd'

Ia(pk) (A)
22
15
12
10.25
9.5
8.25
8.25
7.5
7.75
8

Log(Ia(pk))
3.0910
2.7081
2.4849
2.3273
2.2513
2.1102
2.1102
2.0149
2.0477
2.0794

From the Graph 1,

log ( A )=3.2526

A=antilog ( 3.2526 )=25.8575

log ( B )=2.1000

Xd=

''

Xd =

B=antlilog ( 2.1000 )=8.1662

2 V s 2 77/ 3
=
=7.6989
B

8.1662

2 V s 2 77/ 3
=
=2.4314
A

25.8575

Step2:

Obtaining

x vs. time graph and calculate

X 'd and T 'd

Log(A)

x (A-B)

Log(x)

3.0634

21.3998

13.2336

2.5828

0.020

2.8951

18.0858

9.9196

2.2945

0.030

2.7466

15.5898

7.4237

2.0047

0.040

2.6166

13.6897

5.5235

1.7090

Time (s)
0.010

0.050

2.5040

12.2310

4.0648

1.4024

0.060

2.4074

11.1049

2.9387

1.0780

0.070

2.3257

10.2336

2.0674

0.7263

0.080

2.2576

9.5602

1.3941

0.3322

From the Graph 2,

log ( C ) =2.3400
X 'd =

1
1
C
+
X d 2 V s

C=antilog ( 2.3400 ) =10.3812

=

1
1
10.3812
+
13.3348 2 77/ 3

=4.1647

D=0.0436

T 'd=D=0.0436 s

Step3:

Obtaining

vs. time graph and calculate

Time (s)
Log(C)
C
0.002
2.2044
0.004
2.1588
0.006
2.1132
0.008
2.0676
0.010
2.0220
0.012
1.9764
0.014
1.9308
From the Graph 3,

log ( E )=4.6000
''

Xd '
X

''
d

Log(x)
x
y (x-C)
Log(y)
4.5847
97.9718
88.9070
4.4876
3.8596
47.4487
38.7879
3.6581
3.4355
31.0479
22.7732
3.1256
3.1346
22.9798
15.0740
2.7130
2.9012
18.1961
10.6427
2.3649
2.7105
15.0368
7.8201
2.0567
2.5493
12.7976
5.9026
1.7754

E=antilog ( 4.6000 )=99.4843

T d 0 ' =T d '

T d =0.0047 s
T d 0 ' ' =T d ' '

9.0648
8.6607
8.2747
7.9058
7.5534
7.2167
6.8950

T 'd'

=0.0047

F=0.0047

''

T d =F

Xd
7.6989
=0.0436
=0.0806 s
Xd '
4.1647

4.1647
=0.0081 s
2.4314

Step4:

Plot of envelop mean of current waveform with time and calculate armature time constant T a

Time (s)
Ia (+ve) peak
-Ia (-ve) peak
(Ia (+ve) peak) + (-Ia (-ve) peak)
0.01
23
21
44
0.03
15
15
30
0.05
12
12.5
24.5
0.07
10
10.5
20.5
0.09
9
10
19
0.11
8.5
9
17.5
0.13
8
8
16
0.15
8
8
16
0.17
8
8
16
0.19
7.5
7.5
15

From the Graph 4,

G=34.4

G
=12.7
e
T a=H=0.1728 s

H=0.1728 s
ii.

Computing Short Circuit field current waveform

Field current variation following a sudden three phase short circuit at the armature given by,

I f =I f 0+ I f 0

( X d X 'd )
Xd '

[ ( )
e

t
Td '

T kd
''

Td

t
T d''

T kd
''

Td

t
Ta

e cos ( t )

Assuming no damper windings,

T kd=0
Then,

I f =I f 0+ I f 0

( X d X 'd )

I f =0.20+0.20

Xd '

[e

t
Td '

t
''
Td

I f 0=0.20 A ,

(7.69894.1647) 0.0436 0.0047

e
e
4.1647

I f =0.20+0.8486 e

t
0.0436

t
0.0047

Field current waveform can be plotted by using Matlab. Following commands can be used to plot,
>> x = 0:0.001:0.3;
>> plot(0.20+0.8486*(exp(-x/0.0436)-exp(-x/0.0047)));

Computed filed current waveform is in the following figure,

Field Current waveform obtained by the oscilloscope is in the following figure,

iii.

Computing and plotting the open circuit line voltage waveform

(t + 0 )
X ' X d ' ' Tt' '
(t + 0 ) 2V s ( d
)e
cos
Xd
t
X d X d ' T '
(t + 0 ) 2V s (
) e cos
X 'd'
V a= 2 V s cos
d0

d0

Assuming

0=0,

t
t
t
()
t
X 'd X 'd' T
()2 V s (
) e cos
Xd
t
X X ' T '
() 2 V s ( d ' ' d ) e cos
Xd
V a= 2 V s cos
''
d0

d0

2 50 t
2 50 t
2 50 t
()
t
4.1647.4314 0.0081
() 2(77 / 3)(
)e
cos
7.6989
t
7.69894.1647 0.0806
() 2 (77 / 3)(
)e
cos
2.4314
V a= 2 (77/ 3)cos

314.16 t
314.16 t
314.16 t
()
()14.1543 e

t
0.0 081

cos

t
0.0806

()91.3857 e
cos
V a =62.87 cos
Armature voltage waveform can be plotted by using Matlab. Following commands can be used to
plot,
>> y = 0:0.001:1;
>> plot(62.87*cos(314.16.*y)-91.3857*exp(-y/0.0806).*cos(314.16.*y)14.1543*exp(-y/0.0081).*cos(314.16.*y))

Computed armature voltage waveform is in the following figure,

Armature Voltage waveform obtained by the oscilloscope is in the following figure,

iv.

Compute Machine parameters from open circuit voltage waveform

Step 1:

Obtaining the half magnitude peak voltage value from open circuit current waveform and drawing the
graph of that vs. time.

v.

Compute Xd and Xq by Slip Test

According to the observations,

VLine ( pk pk ) max=2 46 2V

Ia( pk pk ) max =2 5.1 2 A

d=

d=

VLine ( pk pk ) min=2 43 2 V

Ia( pk pk ) min =2 5 2 A

(Va ( pk pk)max) 2 46 2/ 3
=
=5.3116
(Ia( pk pk )min)
2 5 2
X
(Va( pk pk )min) 2 43 2/ 3
=
=4.8679
( Ia ( pk pk )max)
2 5.1 2
X

Graph1 : Ia(pk)(log scale) vs. Time

f(x) = - 203.24x^3 + 110.93x^2 - 20.01x + 3.25

GRAPHS

Time (s)

Log(Ia(pk))

0.01

3.0910

0.03

2.7081

0.05

2.4849

0.07

2.3273

0.09

2.2513

0.11

2.1102

0.13

2.1102

0.15
0.17

2.0149
A

0.19

2.0477
2.0794

Table 1

Graph2 : x vs Time
f(x) = -1.05 ln(x) - 1.92

Table 2
Time (s)

Log(x)

0.010

2.5828

0.020
0.030
0.040
0.050
0.060
0.070
0.080

2.2945
2.0047
1.7090
1.4024
1.0780
0.7263
0.3322

Graph3 : y vs. Time

Log(y)
Time (s)
0.002

4.4876
3.6581

0.004
3.1256
0.006
2.7130
0.008
2.3649
0.010
2.0567
0.012
1.7754
0.014

Table 3

Graph4 : (Ia (+ve) peak) + (-Ia (-ve) peak) vs. Time

Time ms)

(Ia (+ve) peak) + (-Ia (-ve) peak)

0.01
0.03

44
30

0.05

24.5

0.07

20.5

0.09

19

0.11

17.5

0.13

16

0.15

16

0.17

16

0.19

15

Table 4

DISCUSSION
1. Comparison of the parameter values computed using the short circuit current
Oscillogram and the slip test.
2. Comparison of the agreement of theoretical and observed Oscillogram of short
circuit field current and open circuit line voltage.
3. Features of Short Circuit Oscillogram of phase and field current
4. Importance of short circuit study on synchronous generators