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Introduction
http://www.lib.jmu.edu/special/jmuphotopages/stbu.aspx
Colossus Mark II
Source: http://cleantechnica.com/category/recycling/
http://ees.wikispaces.com/Historia+del+transistor
The switches could also be used to control things, like what sums to do
then you could decide what to do next depending on the answer
And the switches could repeat it as many times as you wanted
the switches could keep working while you played golf!
But it was very laborious setting up all that arithmetic up by hand
blog.wired.com
We found we used lots of patterns of these mnemonics over and over, and
specifying every little step was still time-consuming and error-prone
Why not write human-like statements and get the switches to compile them
into mnemonics (and hence into binary) for you?
This abstraction away from switch language, along with bigger and better
storage devices, allowed us to program the switches for a whole heap of stuff
calculations, graphics, data storage and retrieval,
communications & networking, music, video,...
The success of many species relies not just on each individual's capabilities,
but rather on the co-operative behaviour or complex social interactions of
groups. This allows problems to be solved that could not be solved by any
single individual. Well-known examples include ants, bees, many predators,
and, of course, humans.
The ideas behind social co-operation have led to algorithms
such as particle swarm optimisation, ant colony optimisation, and
learning classifier systems.
Key Technologies
Evolutionary computation
Populations of solutions competing/co-operating to improve over time
Neural networks
Modelling the connectivity of the brain
Fuzzy logic
Modelling with partial truth and probabilistic logic