Section A

U is transform to K,
Ktotal =
=

1
2
1
2

Ui = Kf-total

mv 2 I 2
2

mv 2

1 1 2
mr
2 2

v
r

= mv 2
4

Therefore

3
4

mv 2 = mgh
v2 =

4
3

or

Ktotal = mgh or loss in P.E = gain K.E

(9.81)(1.0)

= 13.08
v = 3.6 m s1 or 4 m s1

(a)

overdamped ( 1 )
(0)

(b)

Resonant occurs when the forced frequency equals the natural frequency
or forced period equals the natural period
and at this instant the amplitude (of the oscillation) is maximum.

(a)

(i)

The interference pattern changes to a diffraction pattern (of a single slit.)

y =

(ii)

D
d

d decreases, therefore y increases

or wider / further apart / less fringes
(b)

The (optical) path / phase difference between some points on the imperfect lens
surface is different.
or
Some have the same optical path difference
During the interference,( the maximum / bright and the minimum / dark intensity)
pattern is seen distorted/uneven / irregular / not regular / width steadily
become smaller

(a)

F
A0
200

(10 10

200
7.85 10

= 2.5 106 Pa

(b)

or 2.546 106 Pa

li lo
lo
l
lo

stress
A
or E l
or E
strain
l

= E

= E
l =

l
lo

lo
E
6

( 2.5 10 )(0.25)
97 10

(2.546 106 )(0.25)

97 109
2

or

(2.55 106 )(0.25)

97 109

or

= 6.4 10 6 m or 6.6 106 m or 6.562 106 m

1
1
1

=
C eq
C1 C 2

(a)
=

1
1

1.5 2.0

Ceq = 0.86 F
(b)

Q
Q

24
1.5 2.0

Q = Ceq V or
= 0.86 24

= 20.6 C or 21 C
(c)

The charge will increase

because dielectric increases the capacitance of each capacitor
or
V initially decreases and further charging of capacitor

B = B . A

(a)

B=

=
=

0 IN

or

B 0 nI

0 IN
A

4 10- 7 2.0 2 1000

1.8 10 - 4
0.02

= 4.52 105 Wb or 4.5 105 Wb

or

B = N B A
= (nL) A 0 n I
= n2 L A 0 I
= (1000 102)2 (2 10-2) (1.8 10-4) (4 10-7) (2)
= 9.05 10-2 Wb or 9.0 10-2 Wb
(b)

Self-inductance

N B
I
2

L=
=

(1000)(4.52 10 - 5 )
2.0
3

= 4.52 102 H
or

I
9.05 10- 2
2

= 4.52 102 H or 4.5 102 H

(a)

E0 = hfo

c
hc
or f0 =
0
0

6.63 1034
8

(3.00 10 )
= 1.60 1019
0.110 109
= 113.01 102 eV

= 1.13 104 eV or 1.81 10-15 J

(b)

KE

1
2

mev2

1
2 180 1.60 10 19
v =

9.11 1031

1
2

= 7.95 106 m s1
8

(a)

Since boron is at rest and neutron move very slowly, we can assume
the total momentum before reaction and after reaction is zero
or
mLi vLi = mHe vHe
Hence
Kinetic energy of the lithium
KELi =

1
2

mLi vLi 2

m v
= 2 mLi He He
m Li

m He v He
2m Li

(4.0026) 2 (1.66 10 27 ) 2 (9.10 106 ) 2

2(7.0160)(1.66 10 27 )

= 1.57 1013 J or
= 0.981 MeV
or
K.E of Li = mc 2 K.E of He

m = 1.0087 + 10.0130 7.0160 4.0026

= 3.1 103 u
E = mc 2
= 3.1 103 1.66 1027 (3.0 108)2
= 4.631 1013 J
K.E of Li = 4.631 1013

1
4.0026 1.66 1027 (9.10 106)2
2

= 1.88 1013 J or
= 1.18 MeV
or
Conservation of momentum

K .E of Li mHe

K .E of He mLi
K .E of Li

4.0026 1
4.0026 1.66 1027 (9.10 106 ) 2
7.0160 2

= 1.57 1013 J
(b)

Kinetic energy of the helium

KEHe =

mHe vHe2
(4.0026) (1.66 1027) (9.10 106)2

= 2.75 1013 J
= 1.72 MeV
The reaction energy

= KELi + KEHe
= 0.981 MeV + 1.72 MeV
= 2.70 MeV

or
(b) Reaction energy = (mn + mB mLi mHe)c2
(1.0087 10.0130 7.0160 4.0026)(1.66 10 27 )(3.00 108 ) 2
1.60 1019
= 2.89 MeV
=

Section B
9 (a)

Horizontal displacement

x = (v cos) t

Vertical displacement

y = (v sin) t

1
2

gt 2

Substitute for t
x
1
x

y (v sin )
g

2 v cos
v cos

y x tan
(b) (i) Using s =

g
2v cos
2

ut

15 = 0

1
2

1
2

x2

gt 2

(9.81)t 2

t = 1.75 s or 1.7 s
(ii) Distance of moving jeep is = 10(1.75)
= 17.5 m
Distance from security post = 700 17.5
= 682.5 m

or = 10(1.7)
= 17 m
= 700 17
= 683 m

s
distance from security post
or u
time
t
683
682.5
=
or =
1.75
1.7

(iii) Initial speed of bullet u =

= 390 m s1

= 402 m s-1

(iv) The speed of bullet when it strikes the jeep

vx = u = 390 m/s

or = 402 m/s

2
2
vy = vo sin + gt or vy = vo sin gt or v y u y 2as

= 0 + 9.81(1.75)

= 0 + 9.81(1.7)
6

= 17.2 m s1
2
2 0.5
v = (v y v x )

= 16.7 m s1
or v

vx
cos

= (3902 + 17.22)0.5

= (4022 + 16.72)0.5

= 390.4 m s1

= 402 ms-1

tan =

y
x
y
x

tan 1

17.2

390

1
= tan

16.7

402

or = tan

= 2.5

= 2.4

the angle of strike is 2.5 below the horizontal or diagram

or 87.6 to the downward vertical
10 (a) Doppler effect is the change / shift in frequency due to relative motion
between a source and an observer.
(b) y1 = 2.5 105 sin 2 (500t 1.4x),

k
2 (500)

2 (1.4)

= 357 m s-1

= 2f
f = 500 Hz

or

= 2f
f = 500 Hz

2
2 1.4

0.714 m

v =f
= 500 0.714
= 357 m s-1 or 360 m s-1
7

(c)

(i) The detector hears received the note from the reflected sound. Then,

v
f
v vs

f' =

357
500
357 2
= 502.8 Hz or 503 Hz
The detector hears received the note directly from a sound source. Then,

f' =

v
f
v vs

f" =

357
500
357 2
= 497.2 Hz or 497 Hz

f" =

(ii) Beats, f = f f"

= 5.6 Hz or 6.0 Hz
(iii) y2 = 2.5 10-5 sin 2 (500t + 1.4x)
(change sign)
(iv) Intensity (amplitude)2

I1
1
I2
11 (a)

At point A

pA VA = nRTA
TA =
=

p AVA
nR
(3 105 )(2.0 10 3 )
0.2(8.31)

= 361 K or 400 K

At point B (Isothermal) Therefore TA = TB

TB = 361 K or 400 K
At point C constant pressure
pV = nRT
V
nR

T
p = constant

VB VC

TB TC

TC =
=

VC
TB
VB
2.0 103
361
12.0 103

or =

= 60 K

2.0 103
400
12.0 103

= 67 K or 70 K

or

pB

nRT
5.0 104
V

pC pB = 5.0 104 Pa
TC

(b)

pCVC
60.2 K
nR

Work done
VB

VA

W = nRTA n

Along AB

12.0 103
3
2.0 10

= (0.2)(8.31)(361) n

= 1.07 103 J

Along BC W
pC =

or W = nR T

= pC (V)
p ATC
TA

or

pC

nRTC
VC

= nR ( TB - TC )

(3 10 )(60)
361

= 5.0 104 Pa
W = pC (V)
= (5.0 104) (10.0 103)
= 5.0 102 J
W = WAB WBC
= 1.07 103 5.0 102
= 5.7 102 J or 6.0 102 J
(c)

Net heat
Along BC

Q = nCp (TC TB) ,

9

( T= TB - TC )

 Q =

nR (TC TB)
(0.2) (8.31) (60 361)

= 1.25 103 J

Along CA

Q = nCv (TA TC) ,

=

or Q

3
V p
2

nR (361 60)
(0.2) (8.31) (301)

= 7.5 102 J

Along AB, Isothermal, therefore dU = 0

dQ = dW
= 1.07 103 J
Net heat = QAB + QBC + QCA
=1.07 103 1.25 103 + 7.5 102
= 5.7 102 J or 6.0 102 J
or
Net heat absorbed by gas = net work done by gas
= 5.7 102 J or 6.0 102 J
or
dQ = dU + dW
since it is a complete cycle, T is the same
dU = 0
dQ = dW
= 5.7 102 J or 6.0 102 J
12 (a)

(i)

(For a capacitor the reactance decreases as the frequency increases)

1

Xc = c
The frequency of the voltage source

= 120 rad s1
Xc =

1
(120 )(0.3 10

= 8842 or 9000
10

(ii)

From Ohms law Io =

Io =

Vo
Xc

240
8842

or =

240
9000

= 0.027 A
= 27 m A
The r.m.s. value Ir.m.s. =
=

Io
2
0.027
2

= 0.019 A
= 19 m A

or 20 m A

or

Vrms

V0
2

I rms

Vrms
Xc

240
2
8842

240
2
or 9000

= 1.92 10-2 A
(b)

(i)

A full-wave rectifier can be constructed by using 4 diodes

which allow current flowing through a load (resistance R)
in one direction only.
or
D4

D1
A

Vi

+
~
+

D3

D2

Load

Vo
B

or
A full-wave rectifier can be constructed by using 2 diodes
with centre-tapped transformer which allow current flowing
11

through a load (resistance R)

in one direction only.
or

Vi

V0 or I0

When the voltage cycle is positive, diodes D1 and D3

conduct to complete the circuit and allow current
to pass through the load from A to B (region 1 ).
or
When the voltage cycle is positive, diode D1
conducts to complete the circuit and allow current
to pass through the load from A to B (region 1 ).
When the voltage cycle is negative, diodes D2 and D4
conducts to allow current through the load
across AB from A to B (region 2 ).
or
When the voltage cycle is negative, diode D2
conducts to allow current through the load from A to B (region 2 ).
12

(ii)

Smoothing is required to make the pulsating current constant.

This is achieved by connecting a capacitor in parallel to
the load resistance
or
A
Discharge
current
Load R

+ +

Vo

B
Discharging

Charging

V0

(b) Smoothen voltage (in bold) reduces pulsating

The capacitor in parallel charges up when the current
flows through AB.
When the voltage across AB starts to drop (source changes
polarity), the capacitor discharges through the resistor, across AB
The discharges keeps the voltage across R (or AB) up.
By making the discharge long enough, i.e. used larger
capacitance ( = RC) the discharge through the resistor can
continue until the source voltage become positively high again.
or
VAB with capacitor

13
A

BC

VAB without capacitor

For time 0 to A, capacitor is charged to maximum

From time A to B, capacitor discharged
For smoother curve use larger capacitance
From B to C, capacitor is charged again
After C, the process repeats
13 (a)

Bohrs postulate

The electron in an atom moves in a circular orbit about the nucleus

/ proton.

Only certain / permissible / stable / quantised circular orbits

/ stationary states are allowed
or angular momentum =

(b)

nh
2

Energy emitted only when electron transits from higher to lower orbit

Centripetal force = Electrostatic force

mv
r
mv2

ke

k=

1
4 o

r
2
= ke .............................. (1)
r

Allowed orbit means

Angular momentum for nth allowed orbit
L = mvnrn
=
vn =

nh
2

nh
........................ (2) n = 1, 2, 3, ...
2mrn

Substitute equation (2) in equation (1)

nh
m

2mrn

Solving for rn

rn =

h
2

e
=k
rn

2
2

4 mke

(n = 1, 2, 3, ...)

or

o n2h2
rn
me 2
14

(c)

8.64 1020 =

(i)

Kn

[v] =

mv2
[9.11 1031] [v]2

2 8.64 10
9.11 10

20

2 8.64 10

v =

9.11 10

v =

31
20

31

1.8968 10

11

= 4.36 105 m s1

(ii)

nh
2 mrn

vn=

vn = 2ke
nh
4.36 105 = 2ke
nh
n =

nh
2
e2
or vn =
2 0 nh

or mvr

2 (8.992 109 )(1.60 10 19 ) 2

6.63 1034 4.36 105

=5

rn =

(iii)

or rn

4 mke

o n2h2
me 2

2
(6.63 1034 ) 2
5
2
31
9
19 2
4 9.1 10 8.992 10 (1.60 10 )

r5 =

= 1.329 109 m or 1.33 109 m

or

mv 2
e2

r
4 0 r 2
r

e2
4 0 mv 2

(1.6 1019 ) 2
4 8.85 1012 9.11 1031 (4.36 105 ) 2

r = 1.33 10-9 m
15

14 (a)

4
2

(i)

9
4 Be

12
6C

1
0X

(ii)

= helium nucleus, X = neutron

(iii)

No charge / neutral / does not deflect by electric field

or magnetic field
Does not produce ionisation effect / no interaction with matter

(b)

1u=

1
12

mass of an atom

12
6C

12 103
12
6.02 1023
= 1.66 1027 kg
=

Mass of 1 mol carbon = 12 g

or
m = 1.66 1027 kg
From E = mc2
= (1.66 1027)(3.00 108)2
= 9.34 108 eV
= 934 MeV

(c)

mr
m
26.2
=
12
22.4
m = 14
Nitrogen / carbon-14
Assumption: Both are equally charged
or

m
r
q
m = 14 (

q1
)
q2

16

1
1.60 1019