ANALYSIS

A. ACROLEIN TEST.
Four samples in separate test tubes underwent the acrolein test, a test for the identification of free glycerol or
a compound containing glycerol. The following samples of glycerol, coconut oil, lecithin and oleic acid tested
positive as these samples produced a pungent or burnt smell, and a black color after it was heated which indicated
the presence of glycerol, and therefore fat or lecithin. The samples, which are fats, shed molecules when reacted with
KHSO4 or potassium bisulfate, a dehydrating agent which caused the lost of water of the samples. The Potassium
bisulfate soaked up the moisture that resulted to the formation of unsaturated aldehyde from the glycerol portion of
fats.

B. UNSATURATION TEST
The unsaturation test is used to detect presence of double bonds by adding Hubls solution (dark red in color).
Olive oil, oleic acid, coconut oil, and stearic acid were used as samples in this part of the experiment. Olive oil had
three-hundred and fifty drops of the Hubls solution (350), oleic acid had three-hundred and forty drops (340),
coconut oil had two-hundred and twenty-eight (228) drops, and stearic acid had twenty-six (26) drops of the Hubls
solution. The number of drops corresponds to when the double bonds were detected. The more drop added, the more
unsaturated and multi-bonded the samples are, and in this test, olive oil proved to be the most unsaturated out of the
other three.

C. TEST FOR
PHOSPHATE
Lecithin was used for this experiment. It has a burnt smell when incinerated in the porcelain crucible. Added
with water and was filtered. Also the (NH4)2MoO4 and HNO3 were added. Direct heating was applied. There were
precipitate but majority of it is white only small particles of color yellow precipitate which indicates the presence of
Phosphate in the experiment.

D. EMULSIFICATION TEST

Test tube 1 which has coconut oil and bile salt solution and test tube 2 with olive oil and aqueous solution of
lecithin are just the same especially when viewed in the microscope. The presence of bubbles can be seen and also
the bubbles are away from each other, hydrophobic. While the Test tube 2 with coconut oil and H2O plus tiny crystal
of Cholesterol were a bit different still bubbles are away from each other but there were crystal like. Which can be
seen in the sketch in Table D.

E. LIEBERMAN-BURCHARD TEST
Two samples were tested in this experiment: bile salts and cholesterol with only one sample testing positive
as it turned into a deep green color after a few minutes. Cholesterol produced a deep green product, a sulphonic acid
(member of the class of organosulfur) derivative of cholesterilene, which indicates presence of cholesterol. The deep
dark green color it produced was because of the hydroxyl group of cholesterol that reacted with the reagents, which
are acetic anhydride, and sulfuric acid, a reagent when added removes water molecule from C3 of cholesterol
molecule, and is oxidized to form 3-5 cholestadiens.

F.
CARRPRICE
REACTION
CarrPrice test is used to detect presence of vitamin A. The reagent used in this test is SbCl3 in CHCl3. The positive result
is the formation of blue to green to gray to pink solution. Vitamin A, cod liver oil, and olive oil were used as a
sample in this experiment. However, in our samples gave a negative test indicating that the sample does not contain
Vitamin A. -carotene is a precursor to vitamin A which is highly conjugated and lipophilic.
G. MODIFIED FURTER-MEYER TEST
A bronze-red solution formed in this test indicating the presence of -tocopherol. Only -tocopherol is
recognized to meet human requirements.

CONCLUSION
Lipids show many physical and chemical properties. These properties were shown in the products
produced by the reactions in the tests with the exceptions of the tiny crystals of cholesterol added with coconut oil in
the Emulsification test, the bile salts in the Lieberman-Burchard test, and the reaction in Carr-Price which all tested

negative. Those products or solutions that tested negative might have undergone an inaccurate process during the
experiment which resulted to the absence of the desired identity of the products.

REFERENCES
http://www.umb.edu.pl/photo/pliki/WL_jednostki/zaklad_biochemii_lekarskiej/pdf/biochemistry_workbook.pd
f
http://fac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/Qualitative%20test%20of%20Lipids%20II.pdf
https://www.chem.wisc.edu/deptfiles/genchem/netorial/modules/biomolecules/modules/lipids/lipid2.htm
http://www.scribd.com/doc/51367254/Acrolein-Test-and-Ester-Test-for-Lipids#scribd