The production and distribution of electricity is one of the most complicated and

capital-intensive industrial processes in the world.

Generation
Electricity is produced, or generated, by the turning of turbines. In most power
plants, these turbines are turned by pressurized steam. The steam is created by the
burning of coal or other fossil fuels in massive boilers.
Distribution
At the electric distribution substation that serves your home, the electricity is
removed from the transmission system and passed through step-down transformers
that lower the voltage. The electricity is then transferred onto your local electric coop's network of distribution lines and delivered to your home. There, the
electricity's voltage is lowered again by a distribution transformer and passed
through your electric meter into your home's network of electric wires and outlets.
WHAT IS ELECTRICITY?

Electricity is a form of energy. Electricity is the flow of electrons. All matter is made up of
atoms, and an atom has a center, called a nucleus.

Discovery of electricity:
About six hundred years back the people of Asia Minor and Greece had a very crude idea of
electricity. Next, the American Scientist Banjamin Franklin proved with the help of a kite that there
is electric power in the clouds. The lightening is nothing but the discharge of electricity that the
clouds contain.
The use of electricity:
The present age is the age of electricity. Hence, we find various uses of electric power. The huge
factories of heavy industries are easily run by electric current. The small-scale industries get into
guild system and take the help of electricity. Many railway trains, trams, buses and slips are moved
by electric power. X-ray photos are also taken with the help of this power. Great surgical treatments
are done in the darkest nights only with the help of this powerful electric light. Machines of the
radio-set, television and telescope work with the help of this power. Electric power is used in lighting
the public roads, waiting rooms, conferences and meetings. The cold-storage has been possible
owing to this electric power. Medical wards and cinema houses are air-conditioned only with the
help of electricity. Many private persons also use this power to make their home life comfortable.
Most of our articles of use are made in the factories run by the electric power. Hence, the uses of
electricity are numerous.

Solar energy
Solar energy is the energy that comes from the sun. We capture solar energy through solar panels. This

energy produces no pollution; also it doesnt taint anything. About the equivalent of 22 million barrels of oil
of solar energy hits the United States alone per day. This might sound like the perfect energy but it is
costly and besides, you cant be sure that the sun will shine brightly without cloud cover everywhere in the
country every day.

Fossil fuels
Fossil fuel is a material that can be burned and that comes from the fossil remains of
animals and plants, such as long-dead dinosaurs. Some examples of fossil fuels are coal,
natural gas and petroleum. This source is currently available and it is not dependent upon
the weather. Some of the problems of fossil fuel use are that it causes pollution, it is a nonrenewable resource and it needs to be mined from the earth. In addition, it causes acid
precipitation which destroys life in lakes.

Hydroelectric power
Hydroelectric energy is produced when water falls from a high place to a low place. A hydroelectric power
station contains a turbine driven by falling water from a dam. The turbine drives the generator. This form
of energy produces little pollution; in addition, it does not ruin the water. The water still can be used for
other purposes. Hydroelectric power does not cost any more than fossil fuels. Another advantage is that
there are a lot of lakes or rivers where a dam can be built to produce energy. One disadvantage is that
fish, such as salmon, can not climb over the dam, so the dam changes the environment. Another
disadvantage is that when a dam is built, a huge area is flooded to make a lake, so the water displaces
the people and animals living there.

Nuclear power
This energy is made by fusion or fission (if you don't know the terms go to the "about
electricity" page.) It is produced in the reactor of a nuclear power station. The energy turns water
into steam, which drives a turbine that powers a generator. Nuclear power produces lots of energy
and can be made to power major cities. This energy, unlike other sources, produces lots of
radioactive waste. If that waste gets released, it could cause devastation to a large area. In
addition, it warms its waste water, so fish in the nearby lake might lay their eggs at any time of
year in the warmed spot. Some fish, such as trout, cannot live in warm water.

Wind power
Wind power is produced by the wind turning a turbine. Wind power, through using windmills, has been
known for many centuries. This source of energy produces almost no pollution, and it is easy to capture in
many parts of the United States. Some people think that the fields of windmills ruin the beauty of the land,
and some other people are bothered by the noise generated by the windmills. Also, in order to be
effective, the wind speed at a power site has to be over 12 kilometers per hour. Finally, this source of
power is costly and requires special equipment.

Why should we save energy

Using energy wisely means being efficient.

We use energy everyday at home, at school, at work, and even when you're
playing.
By saving energy you're helping to save the world's energy resources like coal,
gas, oil and water and you're also saving money on your utility bills.
Best of all, by using energy wisely we can cut down on pollutants in the air and
water,
making a better environment for everyone.
Think about what would happen if there wasn't enough energy. . . there would be
no light to turn on when it got dark . . . there would not be any hot water for the

shower or heat for your house in the winter . . . no gas or oil to drive the car . . .
so there are lots of reasons we should save energy.