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Proceedings of the 18 International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Paris 2013
Shear Strength and Deformation Modulus of Tailing Sands under High Pressures.
Rsistance au cisaillement et module de dformation de sables de rejets sous hautes pressions.
Campaa J., Bard E.
ARCADIS Chile
Verdugo R.
CMGI Chile
ABSTRACT: This article discusses the results obtained for 4 different tailing sands from copper mines located in Chile and Peru,
which were subjected to triaxial tests performed in drained and undrained conditions (CID and CIU), applying confining pressures up
to 3 MPa. The evolution of the deformation moduli, static and cyclic shear strength under drained and undrained paths for a wide
range of confining pressure, densities and fines content have been obtained. Also, the tests results have been interpreted, analyzed,
and compared with those reported for natural sands in the international literature, highlighting the differences in the mechanical
behavior resulting from the difference in genesis among these materials.
RSUM : Le comportement mcanique de 4 sables de rejets diffrents, provenant de mines de cuivre situes au Chili et au Prou, a
t analys laide dune srie dessais triaxiaux effectus en conditions draines et non draines (CID et CIU), en appliquant des
pressions de confinement jusqu 3 MPa. Les essais, pratiqus sur des chantillons avec diffrentes densits initiales et contenus de
particules fines, ont permis de suivre lvolution du module de dformation et de la rsistance au cisaillement statique et cyclique,
draine et non draine, pour une large gamme de pression de confinement. Ces rsultats ont t interprts, analyss et compars
ceux rapports dans la littrature internationale pour des sables naturels, mettant en vidence les diffrences dans le comportement
mcanique rsultant de la gense diffrente de ces matriaux.
KEYWORDS: tailing sands, high pressure, deformation modulus, copper tailing, triaxial, shear resistance.
1
INTRODUCTION.
SANDS TESTED
%
F
emax
SM
15
SM
18
SM
21
MP
emin
Cc
Cu
1.100
0.460
1.4
3.3
16.78
1.068
0.444
1.5
3.6
16.97
SP
MDD
(kN/m3)
wopt
(%)
14.0
15.89
18.0
14.0
16.38
16.0
16.0
wopt
MDD
(kN/m3) (%)
Sand S1 - Las Trtolas (Gs=2.73)
SM
15
1.310
0.647
1.2
1.7
16.68
10.0
15.30
14.0
SM()
SM()
SM
SM
15
18
21
1.068
0.992
1.331
0.517
0.537
0.571
1.2
1.8
17.07
16.88
16.87
12.8
13.8
11.0
15.99
18.0
13.5
11.0
16.48
16.77
15.5
14.5
Sand S3 (Gs=2.70)
SM
SM
12
18
0.942
0.956
0.525
0.484
SM
24 0.915 0.406
SM
20 1.280 0.601
SM
30 1.280 0.592
% F: particles <0,074 mm
Gs: Specific gravity
emax: Maximum void ratio
emin: Minimum void ratio
Cu:
Coefficient
of
uniformity
Cc: Coefficient of curvature
3131
1.2 4.2
17.46
3.1 12.9 18.25
Sand S4 (Gs=2.69)
2.7 165
18.84
8.0
17.36
8.5
1.2 4.2
16.48 15.0 15.40 18.0
3.1 12.9 17.85 11.5 16.87 14.0
MDD: Maximum Dry Density
MP: Modified Proctor Test
SP: Standar Proctor Test
wopt: Optimum water content
() Tested at low pressures, 3<0.8MPa
USCS: Unified Soil Classif. System
Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Paris 2013
th
Proceedings of the 18 International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Paris 2013
10
0.8
4
6
8
'1+2'3
p'= 3
(MPa)
0
10
1
'1 +2'3
p'=
(MPa)
3
12% Fines
30% Fines
18 to 21% Fines
15% Fines
1.2
0.8
13
0.8
0.4
Best Fit
0.2
0.1
0.01
0.5
0.3
1
3
4
5
15% Fines
11
4
6
5
0.6
14
0.4
0.2
18% to 21% Fines
10
12
0.7
0.6
0.9
Void Index, e
Su (MPa)
S1
S2
S3
S4
Su (MPa)
1.2
6
7
8
9
1.1 1.2
Figure 2. Variation of undrained shear strength (Su) with the void ratio
(e) and the fines content. Sand samples S1 to S4. (Campaa, 2011)
0.6
M=1.36 (=32)
0.4
-0.2
M=1.36 (=34)
0.2
1.6
b)
M=1.45 (=36)
1.4
a)
8
q='1 -'3 (MPa)
The shear strength envelopes in the (q-p) plane for CID triaxial
tests are presented in summary form on Figure 3. Values of
residual strength obtained in the CIU tests (Su) were also
included. In spite of the wide range of fines content in the four
samples tested, the shear strength envelopes obtained are
similar. For 3<1 MPa, it are characterized by internal friction
314
0.1
10
Hostun Sand (Le Long ,1968 after Biarez & Bard, 1992)
Ottawa Sand, 15% F (Murthy et al 2007)
S1 21%F
S2 15%F
S2 21%F
S3 12%F
S3 18% F
100
S4 20% F
S4 30% F
Proceedings of the 18 International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Paris 2013
Ei=A.'3n.e-1
(1)
2000
300
18- 21% F
15% F
30% F
800
250
200
Ei
600
'3
EEi i 150
''3
400
18%
21%
20%
30%
1500
148
70
e
b)
Fines
Fines
Fines
Fines
Ei 1000
'
100
500
200
50
00
-50
-200
12% Fines
15% Fines
a)
1.2
1.4
1.6
1/e
1.8
1.2
1.4
1/e
1.6
1.8
0.5
0.5
2), K =1
'
'33<0.5
5 (kg/cm
MPa, Kc=1
c
a)
Arena S1
Arena S2
Arena S3
Arena S4
1200
1000
3000
800
2500
GMAX
2000
600
'0
'3
-6
0.3
0.2
1.2
0.8
0.6
400
2.5
0.4
3.5
0.3
4.5
0.2
(2,97-e)2
(1+e)
0.1
DR<40%
0.5
DR>75%
DR~60%
1 Maureira (2012)
2 Santos (2011), 55% F
DR>80%
DR: Relative Density after consolidation
DR*: before consolidation
SP: Standar Proctor
F : Fines content
** : Recommendation for natural sands
1996 & 1998 NCEER workshop
0
0
315
0.7
1000
00
10
100
Nmero of
de Cycles,
Ciclos, N (u='
0)
Number
N (u='
3)
0.9
200
A=0.23
1.1
- 0.73]
e e=[0.52
= [0.52 - 0.73]
2
' 0= [1 - 30 kg/cm ]
500
10
100
Nmero de Ciclos, N (u='0)
Number
of Cycles, N ( u='3)
A=0.32
-0.17
CSR=A
Rc=A
* N.N-0.17
[10
- -10
5]
-6 - 10
=
=[10
1500
0.2
-5]
0.3
0.1
b)
0.4
0.1
18% Fines,
Sand
18%F,
Triaxial
(S3)S3 (triaxial test)
18%
C. Resonante
(S3) Column)
18% F,
Fines,
Sand S3(Resonant
15%F,
Triaxial
(S1)S3 (triaxial test)
15% Fines,
Sand
21%F,
Triaxial
(S1)S3 (triaxial test)
21% Fines,
Sand
3500
CSR
') 3
Rc (=cy/
cyo/'
0.4
Rc (cy/ o ')
a function of the confining pressure (3) and the void ratio (e)
may be defined by the following expression:
'3 (MPa)
CONCLUSIONS
Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Paris 2013
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Proceedings of the 18 International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Paris 2013
316
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