Você está na página 1de 2

Design Guidelines

Chapter 7 -

Designing for Stamping Production

Basic Operations
Because dedicated production tooling is designed for a specific part configuration, it is capable of
producing very complicated shapes, such as multiple bends, tabs, protrusions and extrusions, with great
precision, on each press stroke.
Simple, two-dimensional parts become more economical to produce in dedicated tooling through multiple
punch and pierce operations per stroke. Complex curved and shaped parts can be produced using specificpurpose design unachievable by multi-purpose tooling.
The following operations are commonly performed in dedicated single-purpose dies of the type used by
Small Lot Stamping Division members of PMA:
Blanking is the cutting of flat metal sheet or strip stock into the required size and shape. Here, tooling
consists of a die, a punch, a set of guides and a stripper. Typically, the entire periphery, which may include
rounded corners and irregular shapes, is cut in one stroke of the press.
Designers who are in the testing stage of products that will ultimately run at high volume in dedeicated
tooling might consider the use of "pancake" (simple push-through) dies for blanking of prototype parts. In
contrast, quantities up in the thousands or more merit production units that feed strip or coil to limit
handling and keep blanking operations as economical as possible.
In practice, different types of blanks are used, depending on the next operation in the manufacturing
sequence, such as drawing or forming. Tool development for a drawn part may involve the building of the
draw die before the blanking die to establish the final blank size.
Piercing generally refers to cutting openings such as holes and slots in sheet stock, strip material, or a part.
This operation is similar to blanking, but here the slug produced by piercing is scrap.
Where possible, all holes and openings in a part are pierced in one stroke. This results in a much more
consistent part than punching features in separate strokes of the press. Since all punches are permanently
mounted in the same master die and enter the workpiece at the same time, once they are checked and
located correctly, dimensional repeatability of all features is high.
Other types of piercing operations require special punches, among
them: pierce-and-extrude (for an extruded hole), lance and form
(for a small feature formed from the body of the part), slotting,
countersinking, and cutting of tabs (see Figure 3). Additionally,
just about any operation--blanking, drawing, forming--can be
combined with piercing.
Figure 3. Basic piercing operations used to create holes, slots, etc, and corresponding
tooling.

Forming, in practically all instances, can be considered as a bending opeation. Unlike drawing, which can
significantly stretch and deform the metal, forming generates shapes with virtually no change in thickness.
Part configurations include those with simple flanges, V-bends, U-shaped channels, and more complex
contours (see Figure 4).

Typically, basic tools like V-punches and wipe dies are built into standard holders. As with blanking and
piercing operations, repeatability and high precision are readily achieved.
Drawing is broadly defined as stretching sheet metal stock, commonly a blank that is restrained around its
periphery, into a cuplike, cylindrical or box shape. In practice, there's virtually no limit to the shapes that
can be drawn. (See Figure 5 for typical drawn shapes).
Drawing usually takes place in either a mechanical or a hydraulic press, where a tool (punch) forces the
metal to flow into a cavity (die) creating the basic shape. Deep drawing and shallow drawing are the two
main variations, classified by the amount of deformation. In most instances, a trimming operation is
required--either a pinch trim or a cam trim--to remove the scalloped edge (see Figure 6).
As with most other dedicated-tool operations, drawing can be done with single-action, double-action and
compound dies (most commonly for blanking and drawing), as well as progressive dies and transfer die
systems.
Figure 6. Drawn cups are usually trimmed by cutting the wall (left) or the flange
(right). Resulting scrap is shown above.

Você também pode gostar