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Definition
Accumulator
A hydraulic component used to store hydraulic fluid and pressure. An acccumulator can b
source, a leakage compensator, and a shock absorber.
Bleed-Off Circuit
A flow control configuration in which a valve directs flow back to the tank when actuated. T
circuit can be located anywhere along the main line.
Booster
A hydraulic component that converts low pressure from a large area of the booster into hi
of the booster. Also called an intensifier, a booster is usually two different-sized cylinders
piston.
Cam-Operated
Actuated by the distinct physical geometry of a cam, or a circular shape that converts rota
movement. As the cam rotates, its shape actuates the valving mechanism of the valve.
Double-Acting Cylinder
Extension
The movement of a single-acting cylinder characterized by fluid pushing on the piston and
the cylinder housing. In a double-acting cylinder, extension occurs on each stroke and alt
cylinder.
Filter
A screen used for limiting contamination by trapping very fine and fine particulate matter.
A fluid component that controls the rate of fluid flow. Flow control valves make it possible
variables like the speed of an actuator.
High-Low Circuit
A hydraulic circuit powered at different times by a high-pressure, low-flow pump and a low
This two-pump circuit configuration eliminates the need for a relatively expensive high-pre
also saves energy.
Hydraulic Intensifier
A hydraulic component that converts low pressure from a large area of the intensifier into
area of the intensifier. Also called boosters, intensifiers are usually two different-sized cyli
common piston.
In Parallel
A circuit configuration in which fluid flows into the cap end of two or more side-by-side cyl
at the same time. Although the cylinders will move, it is impossible to synchronize them.
In Series
A secondary fluid circuit intended solely for filtering the fluid for another circuit.
A filter located on an independent circuit intended only for filtration. The kidney loop filter s
with the main circuit.
Logic
The unique configuration of a hydraulic circuit that involves placing components to perform
Lunging
A situation in which the actuator and the load are moving in the same direction. Lunging,
the actuator to jump.
Meter-In Circuit
A flow control configuration in which the valve is located downstream of the pump and up
Meter-Out Circuit
A flow control configuration in which the valve is located downstream of the actuator.
A check valve that is direct-operated under normal circumstances and actuated by a pilot
that call for a valve override.
Position
The number of physical settings on a directional control valve. A three-position valve can
physical settings with a control such as a lever.
Pressure Drop
A filter located on a secondary line connected to the main line at the outlet of the pump.
Vocabulary Term
Definition
Reciprocation
Retraction
The movement of a single-acting cylinder characterized by fluid exiting the cylinder and th
cylinder housing. In a double-acting cylinder, retraction occurs on each stroke and alterna
cylinder.
A filter located on the return line just before the line enters the reservoir.
Rod End
Sequence Valve
A pressure control valve that allows hydraulic fluid to flow into a secondary system after a
Single-Acting Cylinder
Spring-Centered
Situated by a mechanism that keeps a directional control valve in the center locked positi
actuated into the first or third position.
Unloading Valve
A pressure relief valve located near a pump in order to depressurize the pump when a cri
has been reached.
A flow control configuration in which a cam-operated two-way valve and a meter-out flow
parallel. This results in varying speeds at different parts of the circuit.
Water Hammer
Shock in a hydraulic system that can cause damage to components if not addressed.
Way
A characteristic of a valve that indicates how a fluid can flow through it.
{0 Comments}
Posted by and on January 6, 2011
in Fluid Flow
In the meter-out operation shown in Figure 6.39, the direction of the flow through the circuit is
simply changed as can be made out from the diagram. It is the opposite of a meter-in operation as
this change in direction will cause the fluid leaving the actuator to be metered. The advantage with
the meter-out operation is that unlike in the case of meter-in operation, the cylinder here is
prevented from overrunning and consequent cavitating.
One major problem confronting the meter-out operation is the intensification of pressure in the
circuit which can in turn occur on account of a substantial differential area ratio between the piston
and the rods. Pressure intensification occurs on the rod side when the meter-out operation is
carried out without a load on the rod side of the cylinder and can result in failure of the rod seals. It
is therefore seen that both the meter-in and meter-out operations have their
relative advantagesand disadvantages and only the application determines the type and nature of
flow valve placement.
{0 Comments}
Posted by and on January 6, 2011
in Fluid Flow
Meter-in is a method by which a flow control valve is placed in a hydraulic circuit in such a manner
that there is a restriction in the amount of fluid flowing to the actuator. Figure 6.38(a) shows a
meter-in operation in a hydraulic system.
If the flow control valve were not to be located, the extension and retraction of the actuator which in
this case is a cylinder, would have proceeded at an unrestricted rate. The presence of the
flowcontrol valve enables restriction in the fluid flow to the cylinder and thereby slowing down its
extension. In the event of the flow direction being reversed, the check valve ensures that the return
For the same meter-in operation, Figure 6.38(b) shows shifting of the flow control to the other line.
This enables the actuator to extend at an unrestricted rate but conversely the flow to the actuator
during the retracting operation can be restricted so that the operation takes place at a reduced
rate. The meter-in operation is quite accurate with a positive load. But with an overrunning load
over which the actuator has no control, the cylinder begins to cavitate.