OMF000001 Um interface and

radio channels ISSUE1.4

Wireless Training Department

Contents

Overview
Processing of voice signal
Radio channel

Radio Interface

Another MSC

Um
BTS
MS

PSTN
ISDN

A-bis
interface

MSC/VLR

BSC
A interface

Um

MSC

MAP interface

HLR/AUC/LR
MS

OMC

Um interface

SMC

Hierarchical Structure of Um Interface

Communication management (CM)
Network application layer (L3)
Mobility and security management
(MM)
Radio resources management (RR)

Data link layer (L2)

RACH

Integrated management

BCCH

AGCH/PCH

SDCCH

SACCH

TCH

TCH0 TCH1 TCH2 SACCH TCH23 IDL

Physical link layer (L1)

Multiframe

FACCH

Radio Access Technology

Time

Time

TDMA

FDMA

Frequency

Frequency

Time
CDMA
Code

Frequency

Radio Access Technology

Time

Time

TDMA

FDMA

Frequency

Frequency

Time
CDMA
Code

Frequency

Contents

Overview
Processing of voice signal
Radio channel

Voice Signal Processing

20ms
A/D
A/D

Voice

8KHz13bit

Segme
Segme
ntation
ntation

Speech
Speech
coding
coding

13kbit/s

Channel
Channel coding
coding

22.8kbit/s

33.8kbit/s
Interleaving
Interleaving

Encryption
Encryption

Burst
Burst formatting
formatting

Modulation
Modulation

Transmission

Speech Coding

The coding mode is called Regular Pulse Excited-Long Term

Prediction (RPE-LTP). It works as follow: 8KHZ of sampling is
performed first, then divided into frames with 20ms; every
frame has 4 sub-frames; the duration of every sub-frame is
5ms; and the pure bit rate is 13kbit/s.

Channel Coding

+3
50bit

132bit

78bit

*2+4

Block
Block
coder
coder
Excited
Excited
coder
coder

456bit

Interleaving
B
11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 ...
...

First interleaving:

....

...
... 452
452 453
453 454
454 455
455 456
456

B0

B1 B2

B3 B4 B5

B6 B7

1
9

2
10

3
11

4
12

5
13

6
14

7
15

8
16

.
.

.
.

.
.

.
.

.
.

.
.

.
.

.
.

.
449

.
450

.
451

.
452

.
453

.
454

.
455

.
456

....

Second interleaving:

{A4,B0}
{A4,B0} {A5,B1}
{A5,B1} {A6,B2}
{A6,B2} {A7,B3}
{A7,B3} {B4,C0}
{B4,C0} {B5,C1}
{B5,C1} {B6,C2}
{B6,C2}

{B7,C3}
{B7,C3}

Interleaving
B
11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 ...
...

First interleaving:

....

...
... 452
452 453
453 454
454 455
455 456
456

B0

B1 B2

B3 B4 B5

B6 B7

1
9

2
10

3
11

4
12

5
13

6
14

7
15

8
16

.
.

.
.

.
.

.
.

.
.

.
.

.
.

.
.

.
449

.
450

.
451

.
452

.
453

.
454

.
455

.
456

....

Second interleaving:

{A4,B0}
{A4,B0} {A5,B1}
{A5,B1} {A6,B2}
{A6,B2} {A7,B3}
{A7,B3} {B4,C0}
{B4,C0} {B5,C1}
{B5,C1} {B6,C2}
{B6,C2}

{B7,C3}
{B7,C3}

Voice Burst

33

57
57

11

26
26

11

57
57

33

Timing Advance (TA)

The mobile phone should

send the signal in advance!!

TA
Transmission delay t

Transmission delay t

Timing Advance (TA)

The mobile phone should

send the signal in advance!!

TA
Transmission delay t

Transmission delay t

Frequency Hopping
Frequency

f0
f1
f2
f3
f4
Frame
Time

Frequency Hopping
Frequency

f0
f1
f2
f3
f4
Frame
Time

DTX

DTX: Discontinuous Transmission

Shut off the transmission at voice intervals;

Only transmit SID frames

The transcoder at the RX terminal produces comfortable noise.

VAD: Voice Activity Detection

Implemented by the transcoder.

Prolong
battery life
and reduce
interference

DTX

DTX: Discontinuous Transmission

Shut off the transmission at voice intervals;

Only transmit SID frames

The transcoder at the RX terminal produces comfortable noise.

VAD: Voice Activity Detection

Implemented by the transcoder.

Prolong
battery life
and reduce
interference

Power Control

Prolong battery life

Reduce network interference

Include both uplink power control and downlink power control

Level and quality are taken into account

BSC is the final adjudicator

Signal level
Target level value:
e.g. -85 dm
BCCH Carrier is not involved in
power control.

Time

Contents

Overview
Processing process of voice channel
Radio channel

Frame and Channel

Frequency

200kHz

Time

BP
15/26ms

Slit

Frame
1 hyper frame=2048 super-frames=2715648TDMA frames (3 hours, 28 minutes, 53 seconds and 760 milliseconds)
0

TCH
SACCH/T
FACCH

2044

2045

2046

BCCH
CCCH
SDCCH

1 super-frame=1326TDMA frames (6.12 seconds)

1

47

48

24

1 multiframe=26TDMA frames (120ms)

0

2047

49

50
25

1 multiframe=51TDMA frames (3060/13ms)

24

25

49

50

1TDMA frame=8 timeslots (120/26=4.615ms)

0

1 timeslot=156.25 bit duration (15/26=0.577ms)

(1 bit duration: 48/13=3.68us)

Normal burst (NB)

Frequency correction burst (FB)
Synchronous burst (SB)
Access burst (AB)

TB
TB GP
58 information bits
26 training sequences 58 information bits
3
3 8.25
TB
TB GP
Constant bit 142
3
3 8.25
TB Information bit 39
Extended training sequence 64Information bit 39 TB GP
3
3 8.25
TB Synchronous sequence 41
TB
GP 68.25
Information bit 36
3
3

TB: Tail bit

GP: Guard period

Frame
1 hyper frame=2048 super-frames=2715648TDMA frames (3 hours, 28 minutes, 53 seconds and 760 milliseconds)
0

TCH
SACCH/T
FACCH

2044

2045

2046

BCCH
CCCH
SDCCH

1 super-frame=1326TDMA frames (6.12 seconds)

1

47

48

24

1 multiframe=26TDMA frames (120ms)

0

2047

49

50
25

1 multiframe=51TDMA frames (3060/13ms)

24

25

49

50

1TDMA frame=8 timeslots (120/26=4.615ms)

0

1 timeslot=156.25 bit duration (15/26=0.577ms)

(1 bit duration: 48/13=3.68us)

Normal burst (NB)

Frequency correction burst (FB)
Synchronous burst (SB)
Access burst (AB)

TB
TB GP
58 information bits
26 training sequences 58 information bits
3
3 8.25
TB
TB GP
Constant bit 142
3
3 8.25
TB Information bit 39
Extended training sequence 64Information bit 39 TB GP
3
3 8.25
TB Synchronous sequence 41
TB
GP 68.25
Information bit 36
3
3

TB: Tail bit

GP: Guard period

Burst
Access burst (AB): Used in MS initial access
Tail bit

8bit

Data
41 synchronous
bits

Tail bit

36 encrypted
bits

3bit

Guard interval

68.25bit

Frequency correction burst (FB): Used in frequency synchronization

between MS and BTS
Tail bit

Data

3bit

142bit

Tail bit

Guard interval

3bit

8.25bit

Synchronous burst (SB): Used in timing synchronization between MS

and BTS
Tail bit

3bit

Data

Data
39 encrypted
bits

64 synchronous bits

Tail bit

39 encrypted
3bit
bits

Guard interval

8.25bit

Burst

Normal burst (NB): Used to carry the information of the traffic channel
and the control channel except for RACH
Tail bit

Data

3bit

57 encrypted bits

Training sequence

1 26bit 1

Data
57 encrypted bits

Tail bit Guard interval

3bit

8.25bit

Frame
stealing
flag

Dummy burst (DB): Used in transmission of filling frames by

BTS at timeslots when there is no information delivered
Tail bit

3bit

Tail bit
142 modulation bits

3bit

Guard interval

8.25bit

Logical Channel Type

GSM900 and DCS1800 have the same logical channel

category
Logical channel

Common channel
(CCH)

Broadcast control channel

(BCCH)

FCH

SCH

Dedicated channel
(DCH)

Common control channel

(CCCH)

BCCH
PCH
(system information)

AGCH

RACH

Voice channel
(TCH)

Control channel

SDCCH

FACCH

SACCH

TCH/F

TCH/H

TCH/9.6F
TCH/ 4.8F, H
TCH/ 2.4F, H

Downlink Logical Channel

Common
Channel

BCCH

FCCH
SCH
BCCH

CCCH

PCH
AGCH

SDCCH

Dedicated
Channel

DCCH

SACCH
FACCH

TCH

TCH/F
TCH/H

Downlink Logical Channel

Common
Channel

BCCH

FCCH
SCH
BCCH

CCCH

PCH
AGCH

SDCCH

Dedicated
Channel

DCCH

SACCH
FACCH

TCH

TCH/F
TCH/H

Uplink Logical Channel

RACH

CCCH

Common
channel

SDCCH
SACCH

DCCH

FACCH
TCH/F
TCH/H

TCH

Dedicated
channel

Uplink Logical Channel

RACH

CCCH

Common
channel

SDCCH
SACCH

DCCH

FACCH
TCH/F
TCH/H

TCH

Dedicated
channel

Use of Logical Channels

off state

Search for frequency correction burst

Search for synchronization sequence
Read system information

idle mode

Listen paging message

Send access burst
Wait for signaling channel allocation

dedicated
mode

Call setup
Assign traffic channel
Conversation
Call release

idle mode

FCCH
SCH
BCCH
PCH
RACH
AGCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
TCH
FACCH

Physical Combination of Logical Channel

26-frame multiframe
TCH/F+FACCH/F+SACCH/TF (full-rate TCH)
TCH/H+FACCH/H+SACCH/TH (half-rate TCH)

51-frames multiframe
FCCH+SCH+BCCH+CCCH (main BCCH)
FCCH+SCH+BCCH+CCCH+SDCCH/4+SACCH/C4 (combined
BCCH)
BCCH+CCCH (extended BCCH)
SDCCH/8+SACCH/C8 (main SDCCH)

Structure of Logical Channel Combination

Frame-Main BCCH
1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Downlink
Group3,4

Group

Group1

Group2

(same as

Grpup5

Group2)

Channel
Frame

BX4

CX4

CX4

CX4

CX4

CX4

2-5

6-9

10

11

12-15

16-19

20-39

40

41

42-45

46-49

50

Number

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Uplink

Channel

Frame

RR

10

11

12

13-46

47

48

49

50

Number

F:FCCH; S:SCH; B:BCCH; C:CCCH; I:IDLE; R:RACH

Structure of Logical Channel Combination

Frame-Combined BCCH
1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Downlink
Group

Channel

Channel

Frame
Number

Group1

Group2

Group3

2-5

6-9

10

11

Group4

D0

D1

12-

16-

15

19

20

21

Grpup5

D2

D3

D0

D1

22-

26-

25

29

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms

30

31

A0

A1

D2

D3

A2

A3

32-

36-

42-

46-

35

39

45

49

40

41

50

Uplink

Channel

D34

A24

A34

RR

D04

D14

D24

Channel

D04

A04

A14

RR

D04

D14

D24

0-3

6-9

10-13

14-36

37-40

41-44

45

46

47-50

Frame
Number

F:FCCH; S:SCH; B:BCCH; C:CCCH; I:IDLE; R:RACH

Structure of Logical Channel Combination

Frame-Main SDCCH
1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Downlink

Channel

Channel

Frame
Number

D0

D1

D2

D3

D4

D5

D6

D7

A0

A1

A2

A3

D0

D1

D2

D3

D4

D5

D6

D7

A4

A5

A6

A7

0-3

4-7

8-11

12-15

16-19

20-23

24-27

28-31

32-35

36-39

40-43

44-47

48

49

50

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Uplink

Channel

Channel

Frame
Number

A5

A6

A7

A1

A2

A3

0-3

4-7

8-11

12

13

14

D0

D1

D2

D3

D4

D5

D6

D7

A0

D0

D1

D2

D3

D4

D5

D6

D7

A4

15-

19-

18

22

31-34

35-38

39-42

43-46

47-50

23-26

2730

F:FCCH; S:SCH; B:BCCH; C:CCCH; I:IDLE; R:RACH

Structure of Logical Channel Combination

Frame-TCH
1 multi-frame (26TDMA Frames) 120ms

Channel

TT

Frame Number

1020

21

22

23

24

25

T:TCH; I:IDLE

Configuration of Common Control Channel

Downlink CCCH

PCH

Uplink CCCH

AGCH

RACH

How to determine the total CCCH resources of the cell? How to

allocate AGCH and PCH reasonably?

CCCH Grouping

The GSM system supports various kinds of channel

combinations (GPRS not taken into account), in which the
main BCCH, extended BCCH, combined BCCH, and the
BCCH+CBCH combination contain the CCCH, i.e. all of the
four combinations support the MS access. The MS are
distributed to different CCCH groups based on this fact.

CCCH Grouping

The GSM specifies that the CCCH can be mapped to

timeslots 0, 2, 4 and 6 but the extended BCCH combination
can only be mapped to timeslots 2, 4 and 6 because it does
not contain FCCH and SCH. Therefore, all MS synchronize
with the base station at timeslot 0 and access the network via
different CCCH.

Paging Group

The GSM system supports a maximum of 99=81 paging

groups. the MS can be divided into 81 sub-groups at most
from the opinion of the paging group. No matter what
combination mode is adopted, the number of blocks used for
paging in every 51 multi-frame does not exceed 9. The system
enables the 51 multi-frame to cycle again , with a quantity of
BS-PA-MFRAMS (number of frames of the same paging) of
51 multi-frames as a period.

Paging Group

In GSM terms, the paging block in any 51 multiframe is called

a paging super-group. Therefore, the number of paging superframes in the system is the number of frames of the same
paging. The number of paging groups in each super-group is
9 or 3 number of access granted reserved blocks.

Calculation of CCCH and Paging Group

CCCH group number of MS=[(IMSI mod 1000) mod

(BS_CC_CHANS x N)] div N

Paging group number of MS=[(IMSI mod 1000) mod

(BS_CC_CHANS x N)] mod N

In the formula:
N = Number of paging groups x BS-PA-MFRAMS
IMSI = IMSI number of the mobile phone
mod = Modulo calculation
div = Divide exactly

Questions

Whats the rate of voice coding ?

What

are

the

advantages

of

discontinuous transmission (DTX)?

z

What types of logical channels are

there?