CD1

For the album by Throbbing Gristle, see CD1 (album).

The group 2 (CD1d) ligand alpha-galactosylceramide is

currently in phase I clinical trials for the treatment of advanced non-hematologic cancers.

CD1 (cluster of dierentiation 1) is a family of

glycoproteins expressed on the surface of various human
antigen-presenting cells. They are related to the class I
2.3 Diagnostic relevance
MHC molecules, and are involved in the presentation of
lipid antigens to T cells. However their precise function
CD1 antigens are expressed on cortical thymocytes,
is unknown.[1]
but not on mature T cells. This often remains true
in neoplastic cells from these populations, so that the
presence of CD1 antigens can be used in diagnostic
1 Types
immunohistochemistry to identify some thymomas and
malignancies arising from T cell precursors. CD1a, in
CD1 glycoproteins can be classied primarily into two particular, is a specic marker for Langerhans cells, and
groups which dier in their lipid anchoring.[2]
can therefore also be used in the diagnosis of Langerhans
cell histiocytosis. Other conditions that may show CD1
CD1a, CD1b and CD1c (group 1 CD1 molecules) positivity include myeloid leukaemia and some B cell
[5]
are expressed on cells specialized for antigen lymphomas.
[3]
presentation.

3 In cows and mice

CD1d (group 2 CD1) is expressed in a wider variety

of cells.

Mice lack the group 1 CD1 molecules, and instead have 2

CD1e is an intermediate form, expressed intracellularly, copies of CD1d. Thus, mice have been used extensively
the role of which is currently unclear.[4]
to characterize the role of CD1d and CD1d-dependent
NKT cells in a variety of disease models.
It has recently been shown that cows lack the group 2
CD1 molecules, and have an expanded set of group 1
CD1 molecules.[6] Because of this and the fact that cows
are a natural host of Mycobacterium bovis, a pathogen in
2.1 Group 1
humans as well, it is hoped that studying cows will yield
Group 1 CD1 molecules have been shown to present for- insights into the group 1 CD1 antigen-presenting system.
eign lipid antigens, and specically a number of mycobacterial cell wall components, to CD1-specic T cells.

In humans

4 References
2.2

Group 2

[1] Porcelli S, Brenner MB, Greenstein JL, Balk SP, Terhorst C, Bleicher PA (1989). Recognition of cluster of dierentiation 1 antigens by human CD4-CD8cytolytic T lymphocytes. Nature 341 (6241): 44750.
doi:10.1038/341447a0. PMID 2477705.

The natural antigens of group 2 CD1 are not wellcharacterized, but a synthetic glycolipid, alphagalactosylceramide, originally isolated from a compound
found in a marine sponge, has strong biologic activity.

[2] Zajonc DM, Wilson IA (2007). Architecture of CD1

proteins. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 314: 2750.
doi:10.1007/978-3-540-69511-0_2. PMID 17593656.

Group 2 CD1 molecules activate a group of T cells,

known as Natural killer T cells because of their expression of NK surface markers such as CD161. Natural
Killer T (NKT) cells are activated by CD1d-presented
antigens, and rapidly produce Th1 and Th2 cytokines,
typically represented by interferon-gamma and IL-4 production.

[3] Skld M, Behar SM (2005). The role of group

1 and group 2 CD1-restricted T cells in microbial immunity. Microbes Infect. 7 (3): 54451.
doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2004.12.012. PMID 15777730.

[4] Angenieux C, Salamero J, Fricker D, Cazenave JP, Goud

B, Hanau D, de La Salle H (2000). Characterization
of CD1e, a third type of CD1 molecule expressed in
dendritic cells. J. Biol. Chem. 275 (48): 3775764.
doi:10.1074/jbc.M007082200. PMID 10948205.
[5] Kumarasen C, Anthony S-Y L (2003). Manual of diagnostic antibodies for immunohistology. London: Greenwich Medical Media. pp. 5960. ISBN 1-84110-100-1.
[6] Van Rhijn I, Koets AP, Im JS, Piebes D, Reddington F,
Besra GS, Porcelli SA, van Eden W, Rutten VP (2006).
The bovine CD1 family contains group 1 CD1 proteins,
but no functional CD1d. J. Immunol. 176 (8): 488893.
doi:10.4049/jimmunol.176.8.4888. PMID 16585584.

External links
CD1 Antigen at the US National Library of
Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Mouse CD Antigen Chart
Human CD Antigen Chart

EXTERNAL LINKS

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6.1

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CD1 Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD1?oldid=621229561 Contributors: Mboverload, Brim, Arcadian, Ceyockey, Rjwilmsi,

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6.3

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